Journal articles: 'Gas Grain Simulation Facility'

1

McKay, C. P., C. R. Stoker, J. Morris, G. Conley, and D. Schwartz. "Space station gas-grain simulation facility: Application to exobiology." Advances in Space Research 6, no. 12 (January 1986): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(86)90086-4.

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2

Fogleman, G., J. L. Huntington, G. C. Carle, and J. A. Nuth. "Microgravity particle research on the space station: The gas-grain simulation facility." Advances in Space Research 9, no. 2 (January 1989): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(89)90369-4.

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3

Huntington, Judith L., and Guy Fogleman. "On performing exobiology experiments on an earth-orbital platform with the gas-grain simulation facility." Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 19, no. 3-5 (May 1989): 493–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02388968.

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4

Salama, Farid, Ella Sciamma-O’Brien, Cesar S. Contreras, and Salma Bejaoui. "Recent Progress in Laboratory Astrophysics Achieved with NASA Ames’ COSmIC Facility." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S332 (March 2017): 364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317011619.

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AbstractWe describe the characteristics and the capabilities of the laboratory facility, COSmIC, that was developed at NASA Ames to generate, process and analyze interstellar, circumstellar and planetary analogs in the laboratory. COSmIC stands for ’Cosmic Simulation Chamber’ and is dedicated to the study of neutral and ionized molecules and nanoparticles under the low temperature and high vacuum conditions that are required to simulate various space environments such as diffuse interstellar clouds, circumstellar outflows and planetary atmospheres. Recent results obtained using COSmIC will be highlighted. In particular, the progress that has been achieved in the domain of the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) and in monitoring, in the laboratory, the formation of circumstellar dust grains and planetary atmosphere aerosols from their gas-phase molecular precursors. Plans for future laboratory experiments on interstellar and planetary molecules and grains will also be addressed, as well as the implications of the studies underway for astronomical observations and past and future space mission data analysis.

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Rotz, C. Alan, Senorpe Asem-Hiablie, Erin L. Cortus, Mindy J. Spiehs, Shafiqur Rahman, and Anne M. K. Stoner. "An Environmental Assessment of Cattle Manure and Urea Fertilizer Treatments for Corn Production in the Northern Great Plains." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 4 (2021): 1185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14275.

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HighlightsThe Integrated Farm System Model appropriately represented average emission rates measured in corn production.Compared to the use of feedlot manure, application of bedded pack manure generally increased N and P losses.Compared to inorganic fertilizer use, cattle manure increased soluble P loss while reducing GHG emission.Production and environmental differences among production systems were similar under recent and future climates.Abstract. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and carbon (C) emissions from livestock systems have become important regional, national, and international concerns. Our objective was to use process-level simulation to explore differences among manure and inorganic fertilizer treatments in a corn production system used to feed finishing cattle in the Northern Great Plains region of the U.S. Our analysis included model assessment, simulation to compare treatments under recent climate, and comparisons using projected midcentury climate. The Integrated Farm System Model was evaluated in representing the performance and nutrient losses of corn production using cattle manure without bedding, manure with bedding, urea, and no fertilization treatments. Two-year field experiments conducted near Clay Center, Nebraska; Brookings, South Dakota; and Fargo, North Dakota provided observed emission data following these treatments. Means of simulated emission rates of methane, ammonia, and nitrous oxide were generally similar to those observed from field-applied manure or urea fertilizer. Simulation of corn production systems over 25 years of recent climate showed greater soluble P runoff with use of feedlot and bedded manure compared to use of inorganic fertilizers, but life-cycle fossil energy use and greenhouse gas emission were decreased. Compared to feedlot manure, application of bedded pack manure generally increased N and P losses in corn production by retaining more N in manure removed from a bedded housing facility and through increased runoff because a large portion of the stover was removed from the cornfield for use as bedding material. Simulation of these treatments using projected midcentury climate indicated a trend toward a small increase in simulated grain production in the Dakotas and a small decrease for irrigated corn in Nebraska. Climate differences affected the three production systems similarly, so production and environmental impact differences among the fertilization systems under future climate were similar to those obtained under recent climate. Keywords: Climate change, Greenhouse gas, Integrated Farm System Model, Nutrient losses.

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Würsching, C. "Residual gas analysis in a space simulation facility." Vacuum 43, no. 1-2 (January 1992): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-207x(92)90200-g.

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Schobesberger, P., M. Mann, and M. Haigis. "Optimisation of high pressure gas quenching by application of CFD analysis." Journal de Physique IV 120 (December 2004): 769–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2004120089.

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At Aichelin GmbH an experimental high pressure gas quenching facility was used for heat treatment of automotive parts. Since uniformity and core strength of the heat treated parts were insufficient, a CFD-analysis was carried out to investigate the influence of the flow field on the performance of the facility. The results showed that the design of the facility was quite unfavorable from a fluid dynamics point of view. Large variations of flow velocity occurred in the charge zone and high pressure loss was produced by reduced cross section at shut-off valves. An optimization of the existing facility did not seem promising. Consequently, a new facility concept was designed, incorporating the results of the previous simulation and again tested by means of numerical simulation. The charge was simulated by a grid of cylindrical parts and in addition the gas pressure was increased to 20 bars. The new design demonstrated a very homogeneous flow field in the vicinity of the charge and pressure drop was reduced by three quarters. However the attempted quenching performance was not yet achieved with the initial blower. The results from the simulation led to the design of a full scale industrial gas quenching facility with an improved fan. This facility was able to meet the requirements in terms of core strength and uniformity from the beginning.

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Winter, Thomas, Richard Hoffman, and Chaitanya S. Deo. "Grain Subdivision Fission Gas Swelling Model for UO2." MRS Advances 1, no. 35 (2016): 2465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.497.

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ABSTRACTUnder high burnup UO2 fuel pellets can experience high burnup structure (HBS) at the rim also known as rim effect. The HBS is exceptionally porous with fine grain sizes. HBS increases the swelling further than it would have achieved at a larger grain size. A theoretical swelling model is used in conjunction with a grain subdivision simulation to calculate the swelling of UO2. In UO2 the nucleation sites are at vacancies and the bubbles are concentrated at grain boundaries. Vacancies are created due to irradiation and gas diffusion is dependent on vacancy migration. In addition to intragranular bubbles, there are intergranular bubbles at the grain boundaries. Over time as intragranular bubbles and gas atoms accumulate on the grain boundaries, the intergranular bubbles grow and cover the grain faces. Eventually they grow into voids and interconnect along the grain boundaries, which can lead to fission gas release when the interconnection reaches the surface. This is known as the saturation point. While the swelling model used does not originally incorporate a changing grain size, the simulation allows for more accurate swelling calculations by introducing a fractional HBS based on the temperature and burnup of the pellet. The fractional HBS is introduced with a varying grain size. Our simulations determine the level of swelling and saturation as a function of burnup by combining an independent model and simulation to obtain a more comprehensive model.

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9

Chen, Xun, and Tahsin Tecelli Öpöz. "Simulation of Grinding Surface Creation – A Single Grit Approach." Advanced Materials Research 126-128 (August 2010): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.126-128.23.

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The paper presents an investigation of grinding material removal mechanism using finite element method. Understanding of grinding removal mechanism relies on the investigation of material removal by each individual grain. Although some analytical formulations have been developed to predict and to quantify the machining events in grinding, they do not illustrate every stage of abrasive actions. Finite element analysis provides good facility to present details of physical behaviour in grinding. In this research, material removal mechanism of grinding, namely rubbing, ploughing and cutting, is discussed with the variation friction coefficient. The major emphasis here is on the ploughing. Total force variation exerted during indention and sliding of a grain is also presented along its path.

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10

Fradkov, V. E., D. G. Udler, and R. E. Kris. "Computer simulation of two-dimensional normal grain growth (the ‘gas’ approximation)." Philosophical Magazine Letters 58, no. 6 (December 1988): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500838808214765.

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11

Peng, Hui Ying, Mo Zhou, and Meng Xia Li. "Gas-Liquid Mixer Design of Multiphase Flow Experimental Apparatus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 575 (June 2014): 615–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.575.615.

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Multiphase flow experimental facility is an indispensable part in the construction of laboratory of oil and gas storage and transportation, and the gas-liquid mixer is an important part of the experimental facility. Because the existing gas-liquid mixer has certain limitation, the author designs a new type of gas-liquid mixer on the base of existing mixer. Finally, through calculation of CFD simulation software, the new mixer can achieve good mixing effect and satisfy the requirement of experiment.

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12

Lu, Xin, Yong Gang Yu, and Yan Huang Zhou. "One-Dimensional Model and Numerical Simulation of Two-Stage Light-Gas Launching Facility." Applied Mechanics and Materials 66-68 (July 2011): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.66-68.477.

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In this paper, a one-dimensional mathematical model is established and simulated numerically for the interior ballistic cycle of two-stage light-gas launching facility with a piston-compressor type. A 35mm/130mm light-gas launcher is taken for the primary computing model, and lots of data, such as the pressure on light-gas chamber, the piston velocity, the diaphragm failure pressure, etc. are obtained by computing the model using the numerical difference scheme with the second order of numerical accuracy in space and the first order in time. On the basis of the results of analyzing these data systematically, some advices on enhancing the launching performance of light-gas launcher are put forward. The numerical results show that the developed mathematical model gives the correct trend and can provide useful calculated parameters for the structural design of the components of two-stage light-gas launcher.

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13

Black, K. R. "GRIFFIN VENTURE GAS TURBINE FAILURE 1997." APPEA Journal 39, no. 1 (1999): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj98033.

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On 10 November 1997 the BHP Petroleum-operated Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) crude oil facility the Griffin Venture suffered an unprecedented mechanical failure of a gas turbine engine. The power turbine casing was breached resulting in an explosion and fire within the engine room space. The incident was safely controlled without personnel injury in what was a world class emergency response effort.The engine failure was caused by an unusual form of crack propagation known as stress assisted grain boundary oxidation (SAGBO) of the engine's high pressure power turbine disc. The incident also identified a number of safety system improvements, many of which could be applicable to other facilities. These included smoke impairment of the accommodation (designated temporary safe refuge) because of leaking fire doors, failure to release the engine package fire extinguishing system and failure of the fire detection system due to short circuit intolerance nine minutes after the incident commenced.The facility was repaired in Singapore by Sembawang Shipyard where new engine cores were fitted and many of the safety systems were upgraded. Production resumed in March 1998 since when the Griffin Venture has produced above target oil volumes and record gas volumes.

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14

Dherbecourt, Jean-Baptiste, Jean-Michel Melkonian, Antoine Godard, Vincent Lebat, Nicolas Tanguy, Cedric Blanchard, Stéphanie Doz, et al. "NAOMI GAZL: A Multispecies DIAL Tested on the TADI Gas Leak Simulation Facility." EPJ Web of Conferences 237 (2020): 03016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023703016.

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We report on a direct detection differential absorption lidar (DIAL), designed for remote detection of CH4 and CO2. The system is based on a single-frequency optical parametric oscillator/amplifier system, tunable in the 1.57-1.65 µm range. The DIAL system, called NAOMI GAZL, was tested on a controlled gas release facility in October 2018.

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Hwang, Raymoon, Hyounsoo Kim, Min Oh, and Il Moon. "Simulation and Process Optimization of High Energetic Materials Demilitarization Facility Gas Treatment Process." Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology 24, no. 1 (February 5, 2021): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.9766/kimst.2021.24.1.079.

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16

Lackner, G., F. J. S. Alhanati, S. A. Shirazi, D. R. Doty, and Z. Schmidt. "Numerical Simulation of the Gas-Liquid Flow in a Rotary Gas Separator." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 120, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795008.

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The presence of free gas at the pump intake adversely affects the performance of an electrical submersible pump (ESP) system, often resulting in low efficiency and causing operational problems. One method of reducing the amount of free gas that the pump has to process is to install a rotary gas separator. The gas-liquid flow associated with the down hole installation of a rotary separator has been investigated to address its overall phase segregation performance. A mathematical model was developed to investigate factors contributing to gas-liquid separation and to determine the efficiency of the separator. The drift-flux approach was used to formulate this complex two-phase flow problem. The turbulent diffusivity was modeled by a two-layer mixing-length model and the relative velocity between phases was formulated based on published correlations for flows with similar characteristics. The well-known numerical procedure of Patankar-Spalding for single-phase flow computations was extended to this two-phase flow situation. Special discretization techniques were developed to obtain consistent results. Special under relaxation procedures were also developed to keep the gas void fraction in the interval [0, 1]. Predicted mixture velocity vectors and gas void fraction distribution for the two-phase flow inside the centrifuge are presented. The model’s predictions are compared to data gathered on a field scale experimental facility to support its invaluable capabilities as a design tool for ESP installations.

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17

Yan, Xue Wei, Ning Tang, Xiao Fu Liu, Xin Li Guo, Guo Yan Shui, Qing Yan Xu, and Bai Cheng Liu. "Numerical Simulation of Directionally Solidified Industrial Gas Turbine Hollow Blades by Liquid Metal Cooling." Materials Science Forum 850 (March 2016): 386–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.850.386.

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As a new method, liquid-metal cooling (LMC) process is used in manufacturing industrial gas turbines (IGT) blades. Numerical simulation is an effective way to investigate the grain’s growth and morphology, and optimize the process. In this paper, mathematical models for heat dynamic radiation and convection boundary of LMC process is established to simulate the temperature fields. Cellular Automaton (CA) method and KGT growth model are used to describe the nucleation and growth. Simulation results and experimental results are compared. The mushy zone and microstructure evolution are studied in detail. This study indicates that simulation and experimental results agree very well with each other. The withdrawal rate has an important influence on the shape of mushy zone and growth rate of the grain directly. A concave mushy zone is formed and the grain tends to convergent under an excessive high of withdrawal rate. But, the mushy zone has a convex shape and the grain is divergent under a smaller withdrawal rate. A variation withdrawal rate (from 2mm/min to 9mm/min) is found to obtain smooth mushy zone, which improves the parallelism of grain and produces high quality IGT blades.

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18

Loiseau, P., P. E. Masson-Laborde, D. Teychenné, M. C. Monteil, M. Casanova, D. Marion, G. Tran, et al. "Simulation of laser-plasma interaction experiments with gas-filled hohlraums on the LIL facility." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 688 (March 2016): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/688/1/012059.

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19

Siragusa, M., E. Sartori, F. Bonomo, B. Heinemann, G. Orozco, and G. Serianni. "Simulation of the gas density distribution in the accelerator of the ELISE test facility." Review of Scientific Instruments 91, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 013511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5129221.

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20

Brkić, Vladislav, Ivan Zelenika, Petar Mijić, and Igor Medved. "Underground Gas Storage Process Optimisation with Respect to Reservoir Parameters and Production Equipment." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 18, 2021): 4324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144324.

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The storage of natural gas in geological structures such as depleted fields, aquifers and salt caverns plays an important role in a gas supply system as it balances the fluctuation of gas demand and price. Hydraulic loss due to fluid flow through gas storage production equipment and an interfering effect from nonequal productivity index of storage wells may have an important influence on gas storage performance. An integrated mathematical model is developed based on underground gas storage facility production data. Using this model, the hydraulic loss is determined. A real test case that consists of a gas storage reservoir linked to the surface facility is analysed. The mathematical model uses an experimentally determined pressure drop coefficient in chokes. The base case scenario created using real gas storage facility data enables the achievement of a good history match with the given parameters of the gas storage reservoir. Using the history match simulation case as an initial scenario (a base case), two different scenarios are created to determine the injection and withdrawal performance of the gas storage field. The results indicate that the pressure drop in chokes, when fully open as a constraints in an underground gas storage facility, has a significant impact on gas storage operations and deliverability.

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Valença, G. C., and G. Massarani. "GRAIN DRYING IN COUNTERCURRENT AND CONCURRENT GAS FLOW -MODELLING, SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL TESTS." Drying Technology 18, no. 1-2 (January 2000): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373930008917715.

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Jian-bin, Zhang, Fu Ben-shuai, Gong Shao-feng, Liu Ke, and Cheng Dong. "Numerical Simulation of Mechanical Characteristics of a Gas Generator Grain under Temperature Load." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1965, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1965/1/012019.

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23

Wei, Yan Hong, Yan Li Xu, Zhi Bo Dong, and Ji Lin Xiao. "Three Dimensional Monte Carlo Simulation of Grain Growth in HAZ of Stainless Steel SUS316." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 1923–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.1923.

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The stainless steel SUS316 grain growth process in heat affected zone (HAZ) of gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process is studied with Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. The heat transfer and fluid flow model provides the thermal history and thermal distribution of the weldments for MC grain growth simulation. The grain growth evolution is simulated both in isothermal and in HAZ environment. The simulating results show clearly the “thermal pinning” effect on the grain growth evolution in HAZ compared with the isothermal results.

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24

Loog, Kathryn, Randi Phinney, Krista Read, and Laura Robertson. "Brewery resource and energy recovery system." SURG Journal 4, no. 2 (March 11, 2011): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/surg.v4i2.1200.

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In this paper, a bio-gas and spent grain utilization system for a brewery is presented. The bio-gas component of the system consists of a generator to produce electricity for sale through the Feed-In Tariff program offered by the Ontario Power Authority. The spent grain component consists of a gasification system to produce syngas, which will reduce the natural gas requirements of the facility. A membrane bioreactor will be used downstream of the current anaerobic digester in order to eliminate the municipal surcharges on the effluent water and allow for water recycling. The design was analyzed using a net present value (NPV) analysis. The results showed a capital cost of $8.9 million for the overall system, a payback period of 8 years, and a 20-year NPV of $24 million. Recommendations are made as to how the economic and environmental benefits to the brewery could be improved.

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Chang, Yi Hyun, Sang Mok Lee, Kyong Yee Lee, and Chun Pyo Hong. "Three-dimensional Simulation of Dendritic Grain Structures of Gas-atomized Al-Cu Alloy Droplets." ISIJ International 38, no. 1 (1998): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.38.63.

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26

Wakili, Philip Thomas, Abubakar Abbas Jibril, Jock Asanja Alexander, and Israila Joshau John. "SIMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF A NATURAL GAS PROCESSING FACILITY TO SALES GAS (LNG) USING ASPEN-HYSYS WITH EXERGY-PINCH CONCEPT." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 5, no. 6 (October 1, 2020): 298–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2020.v05i06.044.

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27

Carrasco, Nathalie, Alexandre Giuliani, Jean-Jacques Correia, and Guy Cernogora. "VUV photochemistry simulation of planetary upper atmosphere using synchrotron radiation." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 20, no. 4 (May 31, 2013): 587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049513013538.

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The coupling of a gas reactor, named APSIS, with a vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) beamline at the SOLEIL synchrotron radiation facility, for a photochemistry study of gas mixtures, is reported. The reactor may be irradiated windowless with gas pressures up to hundreds of millibar, and thus allows the effect of energetic photons below 100 nm wavelength to be studied on possibly dense media. This set-up is perfectly suited to atmospheric photochemistry investigations, as illustrated by a preliminary report of a simulation of the upper atmospheric photochemistry of Titan, the largest satellite of Saturn. Titan's atmosphere is mainly composed of molecular nitrogen and methane. Solar VUV irradiation with wavelengths no longer than 100 nm on the top of the atmosphere enables the dissociation and ionization of nitrogen, involving a nitrogen chemistry specific to nitrogen-rich upper atmospheres.

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Hohaus, T., U. Kuhn, S. Andres, M. Kaminski, F. Rohrer, R. Tillmann, A. Wahner, R. Wegener, Z. Yu, and A. Kiendler-Scharr. "A new plant chamber facility PLUS coupled to the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, no. 11 (November 16, 2015): 11779–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-11779-2015.

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Abstract. A new PLant chamber Unit for Simulation (PLUS) for use with the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR (Simulation of Atmospheric PHotochemistry In a large Reaction Chamber) has been build and characterized at the Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany. The PLUS chamber is an environmentally controlled flow through plant chamber. Inside PLUS the natural blend of biogenic emissions of trees are mixed with synthetic air and are transferred to the SAPHIR chamber where the atmospheric chemistry and the impact of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) can be studied in detail. In PLUS all important enviromental parameters (e.g. temperature, PAR, soil RH etc.) are well-controlled. The gas exchange volume of 9.32 m3 which encloses the stem and the leafes of the plants is constructed such that gases are exposed to FEP Teflon film and other Teflon surfaces only to minimize any potential losses of BVOCs in the chamber. Solar radiation is simulated using 15 LED panels which have an emission strength up to 800 μmol m−2 s−1. Results of the initial characterization experiments are presented in detail. Background concentrations, mixing inside the gas exchange volume, and transfer rate of volatile organic compounds (VOC) through PLUS under different humidity conditions are explored. Typical plant characteristics such as light and temperature dependent BVOC emissions are studied using six Quercus Ilex trees and compared to previous studies. Results of an initial ozonolysis experiment of BVOC emissions from Quercus Ilex at typical atmospheric concentrations inside SAPHIR are presented to demonstrate a typical experimental set up and the utility of the newly added plant chamber.

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Liu, Han Wu, Nan Li, Qiao Nan Tian, and De Chao Dong. "Microstructure Changes and Computer Simulation of K4169 Superalloy Using Chemical Grain Refinement Casting." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 3954–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.3954.

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As an important aeronautical assembly materials, such as aeronautical gas turbine and turbine plate et al, K4169 alloy has enough high ability of resistance to high temperature deformation and a long low-period fatigue life when working, and its grain structure should be equiaxed dendrite as fine as possible in casting. Chemical grain refinement method was used to refine K4169 alloy to satisfy the demands mentioned above. By using new intermetallic compound grain refiners, chemical grain refinement casting technology was carried out to refine K4169 superalloy. The results show that the grain morphology has been transformed from dendrite to granulation, the average principal axis length of the primary dendrites has been shorted and the segregation ratios of main alloy elements mitigate with the decrease of grain size in fine-grained castings, which indicates the remarkable effects of grain refinement. In addition, basing on the model of equiaxed dendrite growth solute diffusion, continuous nucleation model, dendrite tip growth kinetics model and cellular automata (CA) technique to coupled simulate the grain structure formation process of K4169 alloy in chemical grain refinement casting, which agreed very well with experiments results, this will do much contribution to the theoretic base for studying high temperature mechanics performance and performance of resistance to corrosion of K4169 superalloy.

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Yu, Seungnam, Jaehoon Lim, Ilje Cho, and Jonghui Han. "Inerting Strategy for a Demonstration-Scale Hot Cell Facility Based on Experiences from Pilot-Scale Argon Cell Facility Operation and CFD Analysis." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2021 (June 24, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9997750.

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Pyroprocessing is being developed at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), and in recent years, all process equipment required for integrated processes have been examined in the PyRoprocess-integrated Inactive DEmonstration (PRIDE) facility. Based on the successful operation of a pilot-scale facility, a conceptual design for this scale-up facility was actualized. Implementing a “demonstration-scale” hot cell facility is challenging as it is intended to supersede PRIDE and satisfy the increased requirements of larger-scale facilities. This study focused on an inerting strategy for a larger-scale (demonstration-scale) hot cell facility to achieve conditions equivalent to those in a pilot-scale gas-tight argon cell facility. The study applies the inerting strategy to a demonstration-scale hot cell facility beyond that of the currently existing pilot-scale hot cell facility and performs computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation with various flow rates to determine an appropriate approach for inerting the target facility. To this end, practical constraints on the simulation are introduced based on experiences from the existing pilot-scale facility. The results show that the purging flow rate should be accurately predicted, and a variable flow rate should be applied to achieve hot cell inerting effectively. The required purging time and amount of inerting source are essential factors in the larger-scale hot cell facility. The study results can be helpful in the design of large hot cell facilities operated under inert conditions.

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31

Hohaus, T., U. Kuhn, S. Andres, M. Kaminski, F. Rohrer, R. Tillmann, A. Wahner, R. Wegener, Z. Yu, and A. Kiendler-Scharr. "A new plant chamber facility, PLUS, coupled to the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 3 (March 23, 2016): 1247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-1247-2016.

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Abstract. A new PLant chamber Unit for Simulation (PLUS) for use with the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR (Simulation of Atmospheric PHotochemistry In a large Reaction Chamber) has been built and characterized at the Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany. The PLUS chamber is an environmentally controlled flow-through plant chamber. Inside PLUS the natural blend of biogenic emissions of trees is mixed with synthetic air and transferred to the SAPHIR chamber, where the atmospheric chemistry and the impact of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) can be studied in detail. In PLUS all important environmental parameters (e.g., temperature, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), soil relative humidity (RH)) are well controlled. The gas exchange volume of 9.32 m3 which encloses the stem and the leaves of the plants is constructed such that gases are exposed to only fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) Teflon film and other Teflon surfaces to minimize any potential losses of BVOCs in the chamber. Solar radiation is simulated using 15 light-emitting diode (LED) panels, which have an emission strength up to 800 µmol m−2 s−1. Results of the initial characterization experiments are presented in detail. Background concentrations, mixing inside the gas exchange volume, and transfer rate of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) through PLUS under different humidity conditions are explored. Typical plant characteristics such as light- and temperature- dependent BVOC emissions are studied using six Quercus ilex trees and compared to previous studies. Results of an initial ozonolysis experiment of BVOC emissions from Quercus ilex at typical atmospheric concentrations inside SAPHIR are presented to demonstrate a typical experimental setup and the utility of the newly added plant chamber.

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32

Bruzzone, Agostino, Matteo Agresta, and Kirill Sinelshchikov. "Modeling Human Physiology Coupled With Hyperbaric Plant Simulation for Oil and Gas." International Journal of Privacy and Health Information Management 8, no. 1 (January 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijphim.2020010101.

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Underwater activities are an essential part of different industrial fields, and if in some cases autonomous and remotely controlled solutions could be used, often intervention of human divers is pivotal. In order to operate at depths of tens to hundreds of meters, the main technique that allows safe and efficient operation is called saturation diving, which foresees gradual adaptation of divers to harsh underwater conditions by means of hyperbaric chambers. This type of facility requires highly qualified personnel for management; however, nowadays, most training is done on empty industrial plants, which is costly and limits the possibility to take into account vital parameters of personnel inside them as well as making it practically impossible to reproduce emergency situations. This paper proposes an innovative approach in M&S for the hyperbaric plants devoted to support training and certification of life support supervisors (LSS) as well as other operators involved in diving activities.

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Andreani, Michele, Domenico Paladino, and Tom George. "Simulation of basic gas mixing tests with condensation in the PANDA facility using the GOTHIC code." Nuclear Engineering and Design 240, no. 6 (June 2010): 1528–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2010.02.021.

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Durcansky, Peter, Jozef Jandacka, and Maria Michalkova. "Landfill Gas Enrichment Impact at Net Caloric Value." MATEC Web of Conferences 328 (2020): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032803004.

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Rising use of renewable energy sources has brought many new challenges and use of many unusual energy resources. These resources are often of lower quality, a by-product or simple waste. Landfill gas is one of resources with lower quality and unwanted elements, as sulphur derivatives. After chemical or another treatment, the gas can be used in any burning facility. This article presents numerical model, which deals with simulation of enrichment process for landfill gas and subsequent use in heat source, with simple gas burner. The final gas is simulated as gas mixture, with different components portions.

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Pan, Dong, Qing Yan Xu, and Bai Cheng Liu. "Numerical Simulation of Grain Selection Behavior of Single Crystal Ni₃Al Based Superalloy Casting." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 1482–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.1482.

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Ni3Al based superalloy has recently been used for the single crystal gas turbine blade. The grain selection behavior in grain selector directly determines the casting’s final microstructure and properties. A mathematical model based on the modified CA-FD method was developed for the three-dimensional simulation of directional solidification process of Ni3Al based single crystal superalloy castings. The microstructure evolution was simulated with the modified Cellular Automaton method. The grain selection process in the grain selector and final microstructure of casting were simulated. The results indicate that the stray grain is easy to nucleate at the middle part of the pigtail because of the discontinuous mushy zones formation. This agrees with previous published experimental results. Based on simulated results, a newly designed grain selector with optimized geometry was proposed to avoid stray grains.

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Franczyk, Ewelina, Andrzej Gołębiowski, Tadeusz Borowiecki, Paweł Kowalik, and Waldemar Wróbel. "Influence of Steam Reforming Catalyst Geometry on the Performance of Tubular Reformer – Simulation Calculations." Chemical and Process Engineering 36, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpe-2015-0016.

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Abstract A proper selection of steam reforming catalyst geometry has a direct effect on the efficiency and economy of hydrogen production from natural gas and is a very important technological and engineering issue in terms of process optimisation. This paper determines the influence of widely used seven-hole grain diameter (ranging from 11 to 21 mm), h/d (height/diameter) ratio of catalyst grain and Sh/St (hole surface/total cylinder surface in cross-section) ratio (ranging from 0.13 to 0.37) on the gas load of catalyst bed, gas flow resistance, maximum wall temperature and the risk of catalyst coking. Calculations were based on the one-dimensional pseudo-homogeneous model of a steam reforming tubular reactor, with catalyst parameters derived from our investigations. The process analysis shows that it is advantageous, along the whole reformer tube length, to apply catalyst forms of h/d = 1 ratio, relatively large dimensions, possibly high bed porosity and Sh/St ≈ 0.30-0.37 ratio. It enables a considerable process intensification and the processing of more natural gas at the same flow resistance, despite lower bed activity, without catalyst coking risk. Alternatively, plant pressure drop can be reduced maintaining the same gas load, which translates directly into diminishing the operating costs as a result of lowering power consumption for gas compression.

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Khatsayuk, Maxim, Viktor Timofeev, and Viktor Demidovich. "Numerical simulation and verification of MHD-vortex." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 39, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-05-2019-0206.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is research and development of the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)-vortex technology. Design/methodology/approach The main instruments of research are mathematical modeling. For mathematical modeling used numerical and analytical both methods. For verification was made small copy of facility with forming of vortex in rotating magnetic field. Findings The design and manufacture of the industrial unit for melting small metal waste in a gas-fired smelt furnace has been completed. Originality/value Here shows new algorithm for engineering calculation of arc induction systems with take into account longitudinal edge effect and discrete distribution of current layers. Also shows verification of numerical results. Presented new MHD-technology for forming vortex in electromagnetic field.

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Sun, Lijun, Yue Zhao, Xia Wu, and Zengqiang Chen. "A comprehensive decoupling active disturbance rejection control for a gas flow facility." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 41, no. 2 (April 19, 2018): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331218755578.

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Based on the linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC), a comprehensive decoupling controller for gas flow facilities is presented to guarantee stability and a fast response during the process of gas flowmeter performance tests. First, a mathematical model is developed to describe the pressure-flow coupling system. Then, a step response method is applied to identify parameters of this model. To realize the effective decoupling control, the static coupling part is introduced into the LADRC design. The overall effect of the dynamic coupling part among two channels, the internal uncertainties and the external disturbance, are treated as total disturbance, which is estimated using the extended state observer and cancelled out by the control law. After estimating and cancelling, the pressure-flow coupling system can be transformed into two single input single output subsystems with the form of cascade integrators. Then two proportional differential controllers are applied to control the two simplified subsystems. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a shorter settling time, a more effective decoupling effect and a greater capability of disturbance rejecting and stronger performance robustness in gas flow facility than conventional proportional–integral–derivative algorithms.

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Forsberg, K., and A. R. Massih. "Kinetics of fission product gas release during grain growth." Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering 15, no. 3 (March 26, 2007): 335–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0965-0393/15/3/011.

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Sakai, Mikio, and Seiichi Koshizuka. "Development of a Coarse Grain Simulation Methodology for Discrete Element Method in Gas- Solid Flows." Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan 45, no. 1 (2008): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4164/sptj.45.12.

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Carvalho, D. R., I. S. Santos, G. Vargas, M. A. Martins, and A. P. S. Ferreira. "UTILIZATION OF NITROGEN GAS FOR REFRIGERATION AND ATMOSPHERE MODIFICATION IN GRAIN STORAGE: A SIMULATION STUDY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1008 (October 2013): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2013.1008.16.

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Pandiselvam, R., V. Thirupathi, V. Chandrasekar, Anjineyulu Kothakota, and S. Anandakumar. "Numerical Simulation and Validation of Mass Transfer Process of Ozone Gas in Rice Grain Bulks." Ozone: Science & Engineering 40, no. 3 (November 28, 2017): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01919512.2017.1404902.

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Zapata, V. J., W. M. Brummett, M. E. Osborne, and D. J. Van Nispen. "Advances in Tightly Coupled Reservoir/ Wellbore/Surface-Network Simulation." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 4, no. 02 (April 1, 2001): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/71120-pa.

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Summary One of the most perplexing and difficult challenges in the industry is deciding how to develop a new oil or gas field. It is necessary to estimate recoverable reserves, design the most efficient exploitation strategy, decide where and when to drill wells and install surface facilities, and predict the rate of production. This requires a clear understanding of energy distribution and fluid movements throughout the entire system, under any given operational scenario or market-demand situation. Even after a reservoir-development plan is selected, there are many possible facility designs, each with different investment and operating costs. An important, but not always considered, fact is that each facility scheme could result in different future production rates owing to various types, sizes, and configurations of fluid-flow facilities. Selecting the best design for the asset requires the most accurate production forecasts possible over the forecast life cycle. No other single technology has the ability to provide this insight, as well as tightly coupled reservoir and facility simulation, because it combines all pertinent geological and engineering data into a single, comprehensive, dynamic model of the entire oilfield flow system. An integrated oilfield simulation system accounts for all dynamic flow effects and provides a test environment for quickly and accurately comparing alternative designs. This paper provides a brief background of this technology and gives a review of a major development project where it is currently being applied. Finally, we describe some recent significant advances in the technology that make it more stable, accurate, and rigorous. Introduction Finite-difference reservoir simulation is widely used to predict production performance of oil and gas fields. This is usually done in a "stand-alone" mode, where individual well performance is commonly calculated from pregenerated multiphase wellbore flow tables that cover various ranges of wellhead and bottomhole pressures, gas/oil ratios (GOR's) and water/oil ratios (WOR's). The reservoir simulator determines the predicted production rate from these tables, normally assuming a fixed wellhead pressure and using a flowing bottomhole pressure calculated by the reservoir simulator. With this scheme it is not possible to consider the changing flow-resistance effects of the piping system as various fluids merge or split in the surface network. Neglecting this interaction of the surface network can, in many cases, introduce substantial errors into predicted performance. Basing multimillion- (in some cases, billion-) dollar exploitation designs on performance predictions that are suboptimal can be very detrimental to the asset's long-range profitability. To help eliminate this problem, considerable attention is being given to coupling reservoir simulators and multiphase facility network simulators to improve the accuracy of forecasting. Landscape Surface-network simulation technology was first introduced in 1976.1 Although successfully applied in selected cases, the concept was not widely adopted because of the excessive additional computing demands on computers of that era. In those earlier applications, the time consumed by the facility calculations could actually exceed the reservoir calculations.2,3 As computer performance has increased by orders of magnitude, this has become less of an issue. Reservoir model sizes have increased dramatically with much finer grids that take advantage of the increased computer power, but there was no need for a corresponding increase in the size of the facility models. Today, with tightly coupled reservoir/wellbore/surface models, the facility calculations are a fairly small part of the overall computing time and there is considerable effort in the industry to build these types of systems.4,5 Chevron's current tightly coupled oilfield simulation system is CHEARS®***/PIPESOFT-2™****. CHEARS® is a fully implicit 3D reservoir simulator with black-oil, compositional, thermal, miscible, and polymer formulations. It has fully implicit dual porosity, dual permeability options, and unlimited multiple-level local grid refinement. PIPESOFT-2™ is a comprehensive multiphase wellbore/surface-network simulator. It has black-oil, compositional, CO2, steam, and non-Newtonian fluid capabilities. It can solve any type of complex nested looping, both surface and subsurface. The coupling is done at the wellbore completion interval, which is the natural domain boundary between the flow systems. We refer to our implementation as "tightly coupled" because information is dynamically exchanged directly between the simulators without any intermediate intervention. A simple representation of the interaction between the simulators is shown in Fig. 1. Gorgon Field Example The following is an example of how this technology is currently being used. The Gorgon field is a Triassic gas accumulation estimated to contain over 20 Tscf of gas, located 130 km offshore northwest Australia in 300 m of water (Fig. 2). It is currently undergoing development studies for an LNG project. Field and Model Description. The field is 45 km long and 9 km wide, and it comprises more than 2000 m of Triassic fluvial Mungaroo formation in angular discordance with a Jurassic-age unconformity. It has been subdivided into 11 vertical intervals (or zones) on the basis of regional sequence boundaries and depositional systems. These 11 zones were first modeled individually with an object-based modeling technique before being stacked into a 715-layer full-field geologic model. This model was subsequently scaled up to a 46-layer reservoir simulation model, reducing the size of the model from 4.5 million cells to 290,000 cells. While the scaleup process preserved the original 11 zone boundaries, the majority of the layers were located in regions identified as key flow units. In addition to vertical subdivision, seismic and appraisal well data suggest structural compartmentalization, resulting in six major fault blocks. After deactivating appropriate cells, the final simulation model contained 50,000 active cells and was initialized with 35 independent pressure regions. Each of these regions corresponds to a single zone in a single fault block.

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Xu, Qingyan, Cong Yang, Hang Zhang, Xuewei Yan, Ning Tang, and Baicheng Liu. "Multiscale Modeling and Simulation of Directional Solidification Process of Ni-Based Superalloy Turbine Blade Casting." Metals 8, no. 8 (August 10, 2018): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8080632.

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Ni-based superalloy turbine blades have become indispensable structural parts in modern gas engines. An understanding of the solidification behavior and microstructure formation in directional solidified turbine blades is necessary for improving their high-temperature performance. The multiscale simulation model was developed to simulate the directional solidification process of superalloy turbine blades. The 3D cellular automaton-finite difference (CA-FD) method was used to calculate heat transfer and grain growth on the macroscopic scale, while the phase-field method was developed to simulate dendrite growth on the microscopic scale. Firstly, the evolution of temperature field of an aero-engine blade and a large industrial gas turbine blade was studied under high-rate solidification (HRS) and liquid-metal cooling (LMC) solidification processes. The varying withdrawal velocity was applied to change the curved mushy zone to a flat shape. Secondly, the grain growth in the aero-engine blade was simulated, and the grain structures in the starter block part and the spiral selector part in the HRS process were compared with those in the LMC process. The simulated grain structures were generally in agreement with experimental results. Finally, the dendrite growth in the typical HRS and LMC solidification process was investigated and the simulation results were compared with the experimental results in terms of dendrite morphology and primary dendritic spacing.

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Wang, Ming, Jinxing Zheng, Yuntao Song, Xianhu Zeng, Ming Li, Wuquan Zhang, Pengyu Wang, and Junsong Shen. "Monte Carlo Simulation Using TOPAS for Gas Chamber Design of PBS Nozzle in Superconducting Proton Therapy Facility." Nuclear Technology 206, no. 5 (November 20, 2019): 779–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2019.1670011.

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Remlaoui, Ahmed, and M. Benyoucef, D. Assi, D. Nehari . "A TRNSYS dynamic simulation model for a parabolic trough solar thermal power plant." International Journal of Energetica 4, no. 2 (January 1, 2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47238/ijeca.v4i2.106.

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This paper presents a validated TRNSYS model for a thermodynamic plant with parabolic trough solar thermal power (PT). The system consist of trough solar collector (PTC) as well as auxiliary components.. The simulation of the system has been done during the day (01/01) under the meteorological conditions of Ain Témouchent city (Algeria). The model compared the energy performance of the systems: case (1) - Rankine cycle facility with solar field and case (2)- Rankine cycle facility without solar field. The results showed that the present model has a good agreement with the experimental data of the literature. In case (1), PTC fluid outlet temperature reach the maximum value 330 ° C, Work of the steam turbine increase from the 9hr to reach its maximum value 856 KJ/Kg at 13 hr. In case (2), the maximum value of the power remains constant from the beginning of the simulation to 1hr00. Since the flow of fuel (gas natural) consumed does not change throughout the operating period.

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Huo, Shiyu, Qun Yan, Xiang Gao, and Yu You. "Ceramic Matrix Composite Turbine Vane Thermal Simulation Test and Evaluation." International Journal of Turbo & Jet-Engines 37, no. 3 (August 27, 2020): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tjj-2017-0048.

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AbstractCeramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) are primary candidates for advanced gas turbine engine application that require intense high temperature tests and validations. Before CMCs used in engine hot sections, a lot of tests need to be done, especially thermal test. A thermal test rig has been set up to simulate the engine turbine thermal environment. Propane gas is used to simulate the practical aviation fuel and compressed air with flow regulator is used as cooling media. The capabilities and limitations of the test facility have been calibrated and discussed in this paper. A CMC turbine vane with internal cooling path was tested on this burning rig. The results showed that the CMC vane could withstand the 1200 ℃ thermal cycling test but the coating was disappeared. It has been proved that such test rig and method could simulate the thermal boundary conditions of turbine vanes and blades.

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Ali, Yazen Munaf, Dr Saad Nahi Saleh, Wameed Abdulhassan Ayash, Saramd Zaki Ghani, and Sudad Adil Salih. "Design and CFD Simulation of Knockout Drum." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 10, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 181–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v10i4.377.

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Recently, the emission of black smoke over local area of Basra Oil Company from flare system represents a big problem facing the company and causing huge pollution in the surrounding environment. The main reason of emission black smoke is carryover of droplets of the rest hydrocarbons such as condensate and droplets of crude oil by gases which are came from degassing stations facility in the north Rumelia field, southern Iraq. In this study, a design methodology was developed for designing the knockout drum, and different design criteria were used in sizing and selecting the drum based on the specification of the inlet fluid mixture. Three designs of knockout drums with respect to the gas conditions were performed. The horizontal knockout drum with a diameter of 2.5 m and length of 5.5 m was simulated using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model (ANSYS FLUENT 15.0). The CFD model predicted very well the two-phase flow behavior and proved the need for a vortex breaker at the liquid outlet. The CFD simulation revealed quantitatively that the design configuration of the knockout drum performed the separation of condensate droplets from natural gas with excellent efficiency.

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Davis, Milt, and Peter Montgomery. "A Flight Simulation Vision for Aeropropulsion Altitude Ground Test Facilities." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 127, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1806452.

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Testing of a gas turbine engine for aircraft propulsion applications may be conducted in the actual aircraft or in a ground-test environment. Ground test facilities simulate flight conditions by providing airflow at pressures and temperatures experienced during flight. Flight-testing of the full aircraft system provides the best means of obtaining the exact environment that the propulsion system must operate in but must deal with limitations in the amount and type of instrumentation that can be put on-board the aircraft. Due to this limitation, engine performance may not be fully characterized. On the other hand, ground-test simulation provides the ability to enhance the instrumentation set such that engine performance can be fully quantified. However, the current ground-test methodology only simulates the flight environment thus placing limitations on obtaining system performance in the real environment. Generally, a combination of ground and flight tests is necessary to quantify the propulsion system performance over the entire envelop of aircraft operation. To alleviate some of the dependence on flight-testing to obtain engine performance during maneuvers or transients that are not currently done during ground testing, a planned enhancement to ground-test facilities was investigated and reported in this paper that will allow certain categories of flight maneuvers to be conducted. Ground-test facility performance is simulated via a numerical model that duplicates the current facility capabilities and with proper modifications represents planned improvements that allow certain aircraft maneuvers. The vision presented in this paper includes using an aircraft simulator that uses pilot inputs to maneuver the aircraft engine. The aircraft simulator then drives the facility to provide the correct engine environmental conditions represented by the flight maneuver.

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Agabalaye-Rahvar, Masoud, Amin Mansour-Saatloo, Mohammad Amin Mirzaei, Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo, Kazem Zare, and Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam. "Robust Optimal Operation Strategy for a Hybrid Energy System Based on Gas-Fired Unit, Power-to-Gas Facility and Wind Power in Energy Markets." Energies 13, no. 22 (November 23, 2020): 6131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226131.

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Gas-fired power units (GFUs) are the best technology in recent years due to lower natural gas prices, higher energy transformation performance, and lower CO2 emission, as compared to the conventional power units (CPUs). A permanent storage facility called power-to-gas (P2G) technology can provide adaptation of ever-increasing renewable energy sources (RESs) fluctuations in power system operations, as well as reduce dependency to buy natural gas from the gas network. High investment and utilization expenditures of state-of-the-art P2G technology do not lead to economically effective operation individually. Therefore, in the present paper, an integrated GFUs-P2G-wind power unit (WPU) system is proposed to determine its optimal bidding strategy in the day-ahead energy market. A robust optimization approach is also taken into account to accommodate the proposed bidding strategy within the electricity price uncertainty environment. This problem was studied by using a case study that included a P2G facility, GFU, and WPUs to investigate the effectiveness and capability of the proposed robust bidding strategy in the day-ahead energy market. Simulation results indicate that the obtained profit increase by introducing the integrated energy system, and the P2G facility has a significant effect on participating GFUs, which have gas-consumption limitations in order to achieve maximum profit. Moreover, as it can be said, the amount of purchased natural gas is decreased in the situations, which do not have any gas-consumption limitations. Furthermore, the proposed system’s operation in the robust environment provides more robustness against electricity price deviations, although it leads to lower profit. In addition, deploying P2G technology causes about 1% incrementation in the introduced system profit.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Gas Grain Simulation Facility'

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