Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gas kick

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Gas kick'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Gas kick"

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Zhao, Xinxin, Xiangzhen Yan, Xiaohui Sun, Qing Zhao, Hongwei Jiang, Yonghai Gao, and Guang Yang. "Modelling of Transient CO2/Water Flow in Wellbore considering Multiple Mass and Heat Transfer." Geofluids 2021 (March 18, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8879205.

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A transient fully coupled model is proposed to investigate the two-phase flow of CO2 and water-based fluid in a wellbore, considering the complex mass and heat transfer in different flow patterns and dynamic coupling between the wellbore and reservoir. Based on mass conservation, momentum, and energy balance, the model employs a state-of-the-art equation of state and transport models to analyze the variations of multiphase flow behaviors and CO2 properties in a wellbore. Applied in the scenario of a drilled gas kick, the proposed model is used to simulate the processes of gas migration and two-phase flow in the wellbore. The results indicate that the CO2 solubility increases gradually with the increment of depth, the trend of which shows an abrupt change in 500-1000 m due to the phase transition of CO2. During kick development, the fronts of free gas and dissolved gas increase almost linearly with time. Through a comparison of CO2 and CH4 kicks, gas dissolution is found to significantly suppress the development process of CO2 kick. The error in kick prediction can reach 42% if the effect of gas dissolution is neglected. However, it can be neglected for CH4 kick.
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Avelar, Carolina S., Paulo R. Ribeiro, and Kamy Sepehrnoori. "Deepwater gas kick simulation." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 67, no. 1-2 (July 2009): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2009.03.001.

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Sun, Xiao Feng, Jun Bo Qu, Tie Yan, and Li Wang. "Numerical Simulation for Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow along the Borehole after Air Cutting." Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (September 2013): 1414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.1414.

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When gas kick Occurs during drilling, because of pressure, temperature, coefficient of gas compressibility and other parameters changing continuously, gas will slip along the borehole and also accompany expansion some extent, and bottom hole differential pressure increases, resulting in the amount of invasion gas increasing continuously until blowout. The procedure of gas kick till blowout in the borehole is transient gas-liquid two-phase flow, studying on The development of gas-liquid two-phase flow parameters variation characteristics and bottom hole pressure variation characteristics plays an significant role to understand blowout occurrence and development characteristics. This paper using methane-mud as the circulating medium simulates the procedure of gas kick till blowout near the bottom under the condition which is almost the onsite drilling process, Analyzing the flow pattern, bottom hole pressure variation characteristics, and velocity distribution under the different stages of gas kick, different influx, and obtained an initial understanding.
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Shihui, Sun, Yan Tie, Bi Xueliang, Chen Xun, and Zhang Nan. "Wellbore Flow Analysis of a Gas-Kick Well During Shut-In." Open Fuels & Energy Science Journal 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876973x01508010063.

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Due to the effects of wellbore storage, shut-in period allows additional inflow of gas bubbles into the annulus. Wellbore and casing pressures rise during shut-in of a gas kick as a consequence of gas upward migration and gas compressibility, which will threaten the safety of well control. Therefore, the variation law of surface and wellbore pressures for a gas kick well during shut-in should be investigated. Based on wellbore storage effect, a new model to the wellbore and casing pressure build-up during shut-in for a gas kick well is developed in this paper. Simulation results show that at different gas kick volumes, the rate of bottom-hole pressure rise increases as the permeability decreases. And surface casing pressure stabilizes quickly for low permeable formations. However, at equal initial annular gaseous volume, the rates of rise of the bottom-hole and surface casing pressures for low permeable formations are slower than for high permeability formations.
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Li, Yan Jun, Xiang Nan He, Xiao Wei Feng, Ya Qi Zhang, Ling Wu, Xiang Fang Li, Kai Wen Huang, Yi Huang, and Li Min Luo. "Well Control Technology of High Temperature and High Pressure with Different Well Shapes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 316-317 (April 2013): 860–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.316-317.860.

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Well control safe is the prerequisite of safety drilling, especially for high temperature and high pressure horizontal wells. However, there are few papers about well control of horizontal well drilling, which mostly learn from vertical well control process. By means of analysis of the theory of gas kick, we conclude that underbalance, the bottom hole pressure is less than the formation pressure is the main means of gas invasion. During balance period, the gas also intrudes into wellbore through the way of direct invasion, diffusion invasion and replacement invasion, but the amount of gas kick is less, so the risk of well control is small. This paper also anlyses the kick tolerance, the kick tolerance decreases with the increasing of drilling fluid density when the formation pressure and drilling equipment is constant.
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Liu, Pu, Hu Yin, Tian Xiang Wang, and Meng Han Si. "Analysis of the Pressure Response of Kick Control in MPD." Advanced Materials Research 997 (August 2014): 713–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.997.713.

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With narrow Density Windows wells and high pressure oil and gas well drilling growing in number, the kick risks becoming increasingly prominent and higher requirements for well control technology being needed, the manage pressure drilling (MPD) technology is used more and more widely. The problems like how to effectively find gas overflowand how to effectively control the overflow in the MPD must be solved.Well must be shuted timely in conventional drilling when overflow happens.The special characteristics of overflow control equipment determines the diversity and effectiveness of its overflow monitoring means in MPD, and the overflow is found more effectively and timely than conventional drilling. Well control risk will increase sharply if kick cannot be timely and effectively identified and controled when overflow occurs. MPD can quickly adjust the wellhead back pressure and inhibit the formation fluid further invasion. Therefore, combining with MPD process and the fluid pressure parameters, the article establishs process of kick recognition and kick control, analyses of the process and analyzes and evaluates the pressure response in process of kick control.MPD can better control the bottom hole pressure in well control situation, ensuring drilling safety. The process of kick recognition and control is of great significance to promote the development and application of kick control technology in MPD.
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Sun, Shihui, Zhaokai Hou, Jinyu Feng, and Guoqing Yu. "Research on gas bubble formation using CFD during gas kick." Integrated Ferroelectrics 199, no. 1 (June 13, 2019): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584587.2019.1592612.

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Luan, Shi Zhu, Xiao Feng Sun, Ke Lin Wang, and A. Xin Geng. "Summary in Research on Kick Detection Technology." Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (September 2013): 1422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.1422.

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The complexity and depth of drilling are increasing constantly, so an advanced well control technology is required, and early kick detection as the key to well control is very important. Rapid and accurate kick detection helps to eliminate kick and rebalance the wellbore pressure, which not only improves drilling operation efficiency, but also reduces the probability of blowout, well collapse and other accidents. Accordingly, this paper has analyzed the applicable conditions, advantages and shortcomings, and field applications of the existing kick detection technology including mud pit surface detection, delta flow method, liquid level monitoring in the wellbore detection, gas invasion detection, kick detection while drilling, multi-parameter comprehensive detection system and comprehensive logging detection and analysis technology, and proposed the research trends and application suggestions of kick detection technology.
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Zbinden, Dominik, Antonio Pio Rinaldi, Tobias Diehl, and Stefan Wiemer. "Potential influence of overpressurized gas on the induced seismicity in the St. Gallen deep geothermal project (Switzerland)." Solid Earth 11, no. 3 (May 20, 2020): 909–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-11-909-2020.

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Abstract. In July 2013, the city of St. Gallen conducted a deep geothermal project that aimed to exploit energy for district heating and generating power. A few days after an injection test and two acid stimulations that caused only minor seismicity, a gas kick forced the operators to inject drilling mud to combat the kick. Subsequently, multiple earthquakes were induced on a fault several hundred meters away from the well, including a ML 3.5 event that was felt throughout the nearby population centers. Given the occurrence of a gas kick and a felt seismic sequence with low total injected fluid volumes (∼1200 m3), the St. Gallen deep geothermal project represents a particularly interesting case study of induced seismicity. Here, we first present a conceptual model based on seismic, borehole, and seismological data suggesting a hydraulic connection between the well and the fault. The overpressurized gas, which is assumed to be initially sealed by the fault, may have been released due to the stimulations before entering the well via the hydraulic connection. We test this hypothesis with a numerical model calibrated against the borehole pressure of the injection test. We successfully reproduce the gas kick and spatiotemporal characteristics of the main seismicity sequence following the well control operation. The results indicate that the gas may have destabilized the fault during and after the injection operations and could have enhanced the resulting seismicity. This study may have implications for future deep hydrothermal projects conducted in similar geological conditions with potentially overpressurized in-place gas.
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Huang, Yi, Jin Yang, Lingyu Meng, Xuyue Chen, Ming Luo, and Wentuo Li. "Numerical Investigation on Gas Accumulation and Gas Migration in the Wavy Horizontal Sections of Horizontal Gas Wells." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (August 12, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7275209.

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Wavy horizontal sections are typically encountered in horizontal gas wells, which will result in gas accumulation on top of the wavy horizontal sections. This gas accumulation can be a problem and may trigger gas kick or blowout accident while tripping and pulling this gas into the vertical section. In this paper, a numerical model for gas accumulation and gas migration in the wavy horizontal sections of the horizontal gas well is developed; meanwhile, the gas accumulation and gas migration process is numerically investigated. The results show that the gas exhausting time in the wavy horizontal section increases with the increase of the wellbore curvature and the critical drilling fluid flow velocity for gas exhausting increases with the increase of the wellbore curvature. When the drilling fluid flow velocity is higher than the critical drilling fluid flow velocity for gas exhausting, no gas accumulation will occur. With all other parameter values set constant, the number of the wavy horizontal sections has a great effect on the gas-liquid flow pattern while it has little effect on the efficiency of the gas exhausting. This work provides drilling engineers with a practical tool for designing the drilling fluid flow velocity to avoid gas kick or blowout accident in horizontal gas well drilling.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gas kick"

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Patr?cio, Rafael Veloso. "Estudos de controle na perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo em presen?a de Kick de g?s." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1543.

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Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-04-20T13:29:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Rafael Veloso Patr?cio.pdf: 9711857 bytes, checksum: 5f7e5b198769c9a633040fd42126df03 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-20T13:29:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Rafael Veloso Patr?cio.pdf: 9711857 bytes, checksum: 5f7e5b198769c9a633040fd42126df03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-24
Funda??o de Apoio a Pesquisa Cient?fica e Tecnol?gica da UFRRJ-FAPUR
Controling of downhole pressure is essential for a safety process of oil well drilling. In a permeable formation, fluids from reservoir come into the annulus region (wellbore) when the downhole pressure is below pore pressure, featuring a disorder called kick. Literature reports some mathematical models developed to predict the behavior of the wellbore in presence of gas kick, however, there are few works reporting control and experiments. By this reason, it was built an experimental plant in order to study system?s behavior during fluid inlet (gas) from reservoir to annulus, and then, sought to develop a control strategy able to mitigate this disorder, without shut-in the well. A strategy with reconfiguration of the control law feedback?feedforward was designed to reject disturbance (gas inlet in the annular), to ensure the drilling within the operating window. Parallelly,simulation studies were developed which are: the construction of mathematical model, validated by the employment of the experimental unit, and the implementation of control based on reconfiguration of control law.
O controle da press?o anular de fundo ? fundamental para que a perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo seja feita de forma segura. Em uma forma??o perme?vel, fluidos do reservat?rio migram para a regi?o anular quando a press?o anular de fundo est? abaixo da press?o de poros, caracterizando o dist?rbio denominado kick. A literatura reporta alguns modelos matem?ticos desenvolvidos para prever o comportamento do po?o na presen?a de kick de g?s, por?m poucos s?o os trabalhos abordando controle e experimentos. A partir desta motiva??o, foi constru?do uma planta experimental para estudar o comportamento do sistema durante a entrada de fluido (g?s) do reservat?rio no anular, e assim, buscou-se desenvolver uma estrat?gia de controle que mitigue tal dist?rbio sem a necessidade do fechamento total do po?o. Uma estrat?gia com reconfigura??o da lei de controle feedback?feedforward foi desenvolvida para rejeitar a perturba??o (entrada de g?s no anular), visando assegurar a perfura??o dentro da janela operacional. Paralelamente, foram desenvolvidos estudos de simula??o quais sejam: a constru??o de um modelo matem?tico, validado empregando-se a unidade experimental, e a implanta??o de controle baseado em reconfigura??o da lei de controle
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Wang, Zhihua. "A simulation study for gas kicks in deviated and horizontal boreholes." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1366.

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Mouginot, Guillaume. "Potentialités des transistors HEMTs AlGaN-GaN pour l’amplification large bande de fréquence : Effets limitatifs et modélisation." Limoges, 2011. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/4c36e4fd-daca-4684-8b8d-12ab331c721d/blobholder:0/2011LIMO4056.pdf.

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Aujourd’hui, la conception de circuits intégrés de puissance hautes fréquences large bande est devenue un enjeu majeur pour les systèmes modernes de défense. Nous proposons dans ce manuscrit une étude du transistor HEMT GaN afin de mettre en évidence son intérêt pour ces applications. Une conception d’amplificateur de puissance large bande 6-18 GHz sur substrat SiC est présentée, démontrant les potentialités de la filière GH25 d’UMS. Malheureusement, pour ces applications hautes fréquences, une étude démontre que le transistor HEMT AlGaN/GaN est limité par deux phénomènes : les effets thermiques et les effets de pièges. Ainsi, un modèle non-linéaire électrothermique incluant les effets de pièges d’un transistor HEMT 8x75 μm est présenté. Les caractérisations effectuées mettent en lumière les limitations des techniques actuelles de modélisation des pièges et nous permettront d’ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives dans ce domaine
Nowadays, the design of high-frequency broadband power integrated circuits is an important research axis in modern defense systems. This manuscript proposes a study about GaN HEMT in order to highlight its interest for these applications. The first part consists in design and measurement data of a broadband 6-18 GHz power amplifier. The obtained results demonstrate the performance of UMS GH25 technology based on SiC substrate. Unfortunately, for high frequency applications, AlGaN/GaN HEMT is limited by two phenomena that are thermal and trapping effects. Thus, a non-linear electrothermal model including these effects for a HEMT 8x75 μm is proposed. Some specific characterizations have shown limitations of current techniques for trap modeling and their analyses should open new perspectives in this field
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Charbonniaud, Christophe. "Caractérisation et modélisation électrothermique non linéaire de transistors à effet de champ GaN pour l'amplification de puissance micro-onde." Limoges, 2005. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/79c33578-89cc-4e80-95d3-736bbeeaae52/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0052.pdf.

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L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer les potentialités des transistors HEMTs AlGaN/GaN pour l’amplification de puissance aux fréquences micro-ondes, à l’aide d’un banc de mesures I(V) et paramètres [S] en régime impulsionnel, et de proposer un modèle précis de ce type de transistors facilement implémentable dans les logiciels de C. A. O. Des circuits. Après un passage en revue des différentes technologies disponibles sur le marché pour l’amplification de puissance, les transistors HEMTs grand gap à base de Nitrures de Gallium apparaissent comme des candidats naturels pour ces applications (Figures de mérites de Johnson, …). Cependant, ces transistors plus que prometteurs ne sont pas exempts de défauts. En effet, plusieurs phénomènes limitatifs inhérents à la technologie GaN, à savoir l’auto-échauffement et les effets des pièges, doivent être pris en compte lors de la conception des circuits micro-ondes. Une étude de ces différents effets limitatifs en terme de puissance est effectuée. Enfin, un modèle non-linéaire électrothermique d’un transistor HEMT 8x125 µm est présenté, et validé à l’aide de deux banc de mesures fonctionnelles (banc Load-Pull et banc LSNA)
The aim of this study is to assess the potentialities of HEMTs AlGaN/GaN transistors for power amplification at microwave frequencies, thanks to a bench in pulsed I(V) and [S] parameters measurement, and to propose a precise model of this type of transistor easily implemented in circuit C. A. D software. After considering the different technologies available on the market for power amplification, wide gap HEMTs transistors based on Gallium Nitrides appear as natural candidates for these applications (Johnson’s Figures of Merit,…). However these more than promising transistors are not infallible. Indeed, several restrictive phenomena inherent to GaN technology, that is to say selfheating and trapping effects, must be taken into account in the process of designing microwave circuits. A study of these various restrictive phenomena in terms of power is carried out. Lastly, a non-linear electrothermal model of a HEMT 8x125 µm transistor is presented, and validated thanks to two functional measurement benches (Load-Pull Bench and LSNA Bench)
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Pajona, Olivier. "Transistors HEMT métamorphiques sur substrat GaAs pour applications de télécommunications à très haut débit : mesures statiques et dynamiques pour intégration des effets parasites dans des modèles." Limoges, 2006. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/3df04a7d-bfa7-42c0-8297-6f8c5e674fcc/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0049.pdf.

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La filière HEMT Métamorphique de part ses performances, apparaît très prometteuse pour les applications d'amplification pour les modules émetteur et récepteur des systèmes de télécommunications optiques longue distance et haut débit (50 Gbit/s). En effet, elle présente de bonnes performances en terme de bande passante (Ft > 160 GHz), de tenue en tension (> 8 V) et permet des possibilités de contrôle de gain efficace. Ce travail de recherche s'est déroulé dans le cadre du projet RNRT HEMERODE. Il a consisté à étudier expérimentalement les dysfonctionnements (effets parasites) liés au fonctionnement du MHEMT sur l'ensemble des structures disponibles. Un mécanisme d'ionisation par impact qui contribue à l'effet de coude (kink effect) et qui influe sur le lieu de claquage des transistors au travers de courants de grille en excès élevés a été observé. Une comparaison des résultats en fonction de la structure (simple ou double canal) et du recess de grille a été reportée. Les tensions de claquage en mode passant et en mode bloqué ont été mesurées et se sont avérées faibles, compte tenu de la forte influence du mécanisme d'ionisation par impact. Les MHEMT ont également été évalués en terme de mécanisme de piégeage/dépiégeage. Des mesures de gate-lag et de drain-lag ont mis en évidence la présence de pièges dont les signatures typiques de l'AlInAs ont été trouvées par mesure de relaxation isotherme. Ensuite, nous avons modélisé électriquement les différents effets parasites (excès de courant de grille, effet de kink, gate-lag et drain-lag) relevés lors des mesures expérimentales et les lieux de claquage des transistors. Ces modèles ont été développés à l'aide du logiciel ADS
Metamorphic HEMT, regarding its performances, appears very promising for amplification applications for the transmitter and receiver modules of long distance and high bit rate (50 Gbit/s) optical systems of telecommunications. Indeed, it presents good performances in term ofbandwidth (Ft∼160 GHz), ofbreakdown voltage (8 V) and allows possibilities of effective gain control. This research bas been developed within the framework of project RNRT HEMERODE. First, it consisted in studying, experimentally, the misfunctioning (parasitic effects) related to the operation of the MHEMT on the whole of the structures available. An impact ionisation mechanism, which contributes to the kink effect and influences the breakdown areas of the transistors because of excess gate current, was observed. A comparison of the results according to the structure (simple or double channel) and of the gate recess was reported. The "on-state" and "off-state" breakdown voltages were measured and appear to be weak, because of the strong influence of the impact ionization mechanism. The MHEMT were also evaluated in term of trapping/detrapping mechanisms. Measurements of gate-lag and drain- lag highlighted the presence of traps of which typical signatures of AlInAs were found by isothermal drain current relaxation experiments under gate filling pulses. Then we modelled the various parasitic effects (excess gate current, kink effect, gate-lag and drain-lag) obtained by experimental measurements and security area model of the transistors was defmed. These models were developed using ADS® software
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Books on the topic "Gas kick"

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Kick the habit: A UN guide to climate neutrality. Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP, 2008.

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Great gals: Inspired ideas for living a kick-ass life. New York: Perigee Book, 2010.

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Carew, Peter Simon. Bubble dynamics of non-Newtonian flows in inclined pipes for the prediction of gas kicks in oilwells. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1993.

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Torrens, C. M. Memory Kick. Dreamspinner Press, 2013.

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Kink. Strawberry Hills, Sydney, Australia: Wicked Women Publications, 1993.

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Kirchman, David L. Dead Zones. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197520376.001.0001.

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This book explores the many rivers, lakes, and oceans that are losing oxygen. Aquatic habitats with little dissolved oxygen are called dead zones because nothing can live there except some microbes. The number and size of dead zones are increasing worldwide. The book shows that oxygen loss causes fish kills, devastates bottom-dwelling biota, reduces biological diversity, and rearranges aquatic food webs. In the 19th century in rich countries and in poor regions today, dead zones are accompanied by waterborne diseases that kill thousands of people. The open oceans are losing oxygen because of climate change, whereas dead zones in coastal waters and seas are caused by excessive nutrients, which promote excessive growth of algae and eventually oxygen depletion. Work by Gene Turner and Nancy Rabalais demonstrated that nutrients in the Gulf of Mexico come from fertilizers used in the US Midwest, home to the most productive cropland in the world. Agriculture is also the biggest source of nutrients fuelling dead zones in the Baltic Sea and other coastal waters. Today, fertilizers contaminate drinking water and kick-start harmful algal blooms in local lakes and reservoirs. Nutrient pollution in some regions has declined because of buffer zones, cover crops, and precision agriculture, but more needs to be done. The book concludes by arguing that each of us can do our part by changing our diet; eating less, especially eating less red meat, would improve our health and the health of the environment. A better diet could reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emitted by agriculture and shrink dead zones worldwide.
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Mitchell, Saundra. All Out: The No-Longer-Secret Stories of Kick-Ass Queer Teens. Harlequin Enterprises, Limited, 2018.

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My True Course Dutch Van Kirk Northumberland To Hiroshima. Red Gremlin Press LLC, 2012.

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Publishing, Sjg. Wake up Kick Ass Repeat: Funny White Elephant Gag Gifts for Coworkers Going Away, Birthday, Retirees, Friends & Family - Secret Santa Gift Ideas for Coworkers - Really Funny Jokes for Adults. Independently Published, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gas kick"

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Di, F., P. Baraldi, L. Brivio, E. Zio, and C. Magno. "Resistance-based probabilistic design by order statistics for an oil and gas deep-water well casing string affected by wear during kick load." In Risk, Reliability and Safety: Innovating Theory and Practice, 750–57. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315374987-113.

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Stoimenova Canevska, Emilija, Ena Canevska, and Jana Petreska. "A Year after - Could we Move beyond Psychosomatics and Dissociation." In Anxiety, Uncertainty, and Resilience During the Pandemic Period - Anthropological and Psychological Perspectives [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99227.

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Living in a global world that is continuously changing while creating the experience of fluidity, we are losing ground and, therefore, stability. It affects mental health across the life span. During the last 12 months from the first WHO notification of the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV, humanity started to experience a dramatic change in the level of plans, norms, expectations. Besides fear for personal safety and health, the directed distancing increased the gap in everyday quality of possibilities for personal contacts and support. Losing the ground and experience trembling, we were inevitably facing blurred boundaries, insecurity and a direct attack on our will and who we are. Furthermore, a year after, we realize that we are in the fertile ground for the manifestation and experience of anxiety, panic, and numerous psychosomatic disorders. The whole of humanity is suffering. Hence, those coming from helping professions (psychologist, psychotherapists, social workers) dealing with mental health are experiencing the kick even harder. The research we are conducting is checking their wellbeing a year after.
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Young, Oran R. "The Sustainability Transition." In Governing Complex Systems. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035934.003.0005.

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There is a growing gap between the complexity of major socioecological systems and the assumptions embedded in mainstream models of the dynamics of biophysical and socioeconomic systems. Whereas the models typically assume that changes will be linear and gradual, real-world systems often feature changes that are nonlinear and abrupt. A particularly striking feature of socioecological systems is that they are reflexive. As the case of self-fulfilling prophecies makes clear, however, reflexivity can turn out to be a problem in efforts to govern complex systems. Achieving sustainability in such settings calls for efforts to harness reflexivity, enhance adaptability, and cope with increased uncertainty. Dealing with reflexivity requires the creation of negative feedback mechanisms that kick in when systems move toward a tipping point or point of no return. Enhancing adaptation involves the development of effective monitoring and early warning procedures that can provide a basis for instituting adaptive changes. Coping with uncertainty encompasses creative uses of scientific assessments, simulations, and scenarios. None of these methods allows policymakers to benefit from accurate predictions regarding the benefits and costs of available options. But they do provide decision support tools that allow policymakers to think systematically about the relative merits of the options available to them.
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Ito, Eri, Kenichi Nakano, Shigeki Senna, and Hiroshi Kawase. "S-Wave Site Amplification Factors from Observed Ground Motions in Japan: Validation of Delineated Velocity Structures and Proposal for Empirical Correction." In Earthquakes - From Tectonics to Buildings. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95478.

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We first derived site amplification factors (SAFs) from the observed strong motions by the Japanese nationwide networks, namely, K-NET and KiK-net of National Institute of Earthquake Research and Disaster Resilience and Shindokei (Instrumental Seismic Intensity) Network of Japan Meteorological Agency by using the so-called generalized spectral inversion technique. We can use these SAFs for strong motion prediction at these observation sites, however, we need at least observed weak motion or microtremor data to quantify SAF at an arbitrary site. So we tested the capability of the current velocity models in Japan whether they can reproduce or not the observed SAFs at the nearest grid of every 250 m as the one-dimensional theoretical transfer functions (TTF). We found that at about one-half of the sites the calculated 1D TTFs show more or less acceptable fit to the observed SAFs, however, the TTFs tend to underestimate the observed SAFs in general. Therefore, we propose a simple, empirical method to fill the gap between the observed SAFs and the calculated TTFs. Validation examples show that our proposed method effectively predict better SAFs than the direct substitute of TTFs at sites without observed data.
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"An analysis of the kink phenomena at lower drain current in GaAs-based short-gate MHEMTs using the hydrodynamic transport simulation." In Compound Semiconductors 2004, 499–504. CRC Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482269222-111.

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Hamburg, David A., and Beatrix A. Hamburg. "A Framework for Understanding and Addressing School Violence." In Learning to Live Together. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195157796.003.0014.

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The increased violence in American schools over the past decade has stimulated serious scholarship to determine the major factors underlying such violence and to develop school-based strategies for preventing it. One of the most comprehensive and systematic efforts to make sense of this body of research was presented in a book edited by Delbert S. Elliot, Beatrix A. Hamburg, and Kirk R.Williams in 1998.1 In this book scholars from the fields of social ecology, child and adolescent development, criminology, psychiatry, sociology, educational psychology, and public health presented relevant new perspectives, methodology, and data from their diverse fields. The authors developed an ecological, life course, developmental approach. The ultimate goal was to integrate diverse bodies of knowledge into a comprehensive approach to designing new basic research as well as rigorous program evaluation methods. Five themes emerged within this approach. These are summarized as follows:… 1. The interconnectedness of family, peer group, school, and neighborhood influences 2. The dynamic interaction between the individual and social contexts in influencing developmental patterns 3. Collaboration and comprehensiveness as requirements for effective prevention programs 4. The need for a public health approach to violence prevention 5. Rigorous implementation of evidence-based programs and strategies for preventing violence… This theme speaks to the ecological nature of the approach, which relates not only to the interrelationships among individuals within society but also to the connectedness and interplay across larger spheres of influence such as schools, neighborhoods, workplaces, and other social institutions. An important factor in youth violence is that as a result of a cascade of major social changes in family, labor force participation, and neighborhood cohesiveness, the family, and neighborhood social institutions once responsible for youth development have been undermined. This has shifted more responsibility to the schools to fill the gap. Since 1960, urbanization, changed roles of women, and powerful media impacts has converged in a troubling mix. For both married couple families and single parent households, the parental labor force participation has sharply increased. In 1985, 63 percent of all children in the United States had working mothers. By 1998, 71 percent of all school age children ages 6 to 18 had working mothers.
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Conference papers on the topic "Gas kick"

1

Fan, Hongkang, Shanhong Jiang, XianHai Zhou, Guo Wang, Haobo Zhou, and Hongning Zhang. "A Comprehensive Model for Gas Influx Detection and Control While Managed Pressure Drilling and Its Application." In IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/201001-ms.

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Abstract The equipment commonly used in managed pressure drilling (MPD) allows alternative responses to kicks that do not need to stop the pump or shut in the well. The pivotal issue of kick control for MPD is the early gas influx detection and the optimal initial response when the kick was detected during drilling. The careful research on gas influx detection and the corresponding control method is very important. Firstly, the valve opening, bottom hole and well head pressure variation characteristics were analyzed based on the real-time measured data, and then the valve opening and pressure signature of gas influx for different MPD modes (CBHP, CWHP, MFC) was obtained based on the theoretical and model analysis, in which the pressure variation caused by the tripping, ROP and flow rate variation were taken into account, through which the gas kick can accurately detected as soon as quickly. Secondly, the influence factors for initial response selection of kick control was analyzed, and then the comprehensive optimization schedule of response for kick control was established, in which several factors were took into account, such as formation characteristics, drilling conditions, influx intensity and so on, through which the best mode for kick control can be obtained easily. Moreover, integrated software that combined kick detection and gas kick control simulation was developed based on which the best pressure control procedure and kick initial response can be obtained easily. The gas influx detection and control technique has been applied in Fuling shale gas field of SINOPEC, which is the first large-scale commercial development shale gas field of China. The results show that we can make precisely gas detection based on the new early gas influx detection method and the kick can also be control very well based on the optimization method. Based on the proposed method for kick detection and control, the NPT have been reduced more than 60%. This study will presented a novel gas kick detection theoretical model for all common MPD modes, and the gas influx control optimal procedure. Through the field application in shale gas drilling, the results show that the NPT has been reduced obviously, and the optimal kick control was designed has successfully prevented the serious kick and reduced the drilling cost.
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Stokka, S. I., J. O. Andersen, J. Freyer, and J. Welde. "Gas Kick Warner - An Early Gas Influx Detection Method." In SPE/IADC Drilling Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/25713-ms.

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3

Liao, Youqiang, Zhiyuan Wang, Deng Pan, Baojiang Sun, and Wenguang Duan. "Gas Kick Simulation for Offshore Gas-Hydrate Reservoir Drilling." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/197358-ms.

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4

Gomes, Dalila, Knut S. Bjørkevoll, Kjell K. Fjelde, and Johnny Frøyen. "Numerical Modelling and Sensitivity Analysis of Gas Kick Migration and Unloading of Riser." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95214.

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Abstract In deepwater wells there is a risk of gas entering the riser. This can be caused by gas being trapped by the BOP after a well kill operation, or it can be that the BOP was not closed quickly enough upon kick detection. With oil-based mud (OBM), gas is dissolved, and larger kicks may go undetected and circulated up in the riser by accident. If a gas kick comes into the riser, a rapid unloading event can occur. This can in worst case lead to a blowout scenario. In addition, the riser may be subject to a collapse load due to reduced liquid level inside. The unloading behavior will be different when comparing kicks in oil-based and water-based mud (WBM). For water-based muds, field experience and experiments have shown that gas can be trapped by the mud. This effect is the same that causes mud to capture cutting particles, and it is related to the non-Newtonian and time-dependent rheology behavior of the mud. The suspended gas can only be removed from the riser by circulation. The kick must therefore be of a certain volume to be able to unload the well. Modelling of the mentioned complex phenomena, with the violent transient phase seen when a large volume of gas expands as it moves towards the liquid surface in the riser, is still a challenge for numerical algorithms to do accurately and reliably. Robust handling of numerical diffusion in two-phase flow is one of the key topics, as are slippage and extension of gas in the liquid. The paper describes how an explicit numerical scheme (AUSMV) is used as a numerical solver with the application of the slope-limiter technique to handle numerical diffusion. This has not yet been done for unloading of gas in riser. A simulation case will be constructed considering gas migration and expansion in a long riser. A sensitivity analysis will be performed where both the kick volumes and the threshold for gas suspension will be varied to study when kicks will start to unload the well vs. situations where they will become fully suspended. The phenomena mentioned will be studied for water-base drilling fluids. The paper will review previous work on the subject and highlight how transient flow models can be useful for gaining more insight into how the gas behaves in risers and what can be done to mitigate the consequences.
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Bang, Jon, Svein Mjaaland, Arne Solstad, Peter Hendriks, and L. K. Jensen. "Acoustic Gas Kick Detection With Wellhead Sonar." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/28317-ms.

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Wang, Zhihua, J. M. Peden, and R. Z. Lemanczyk. "Gas Kick Simulation Study for Horizontal Wells." In IADC/SPE Drilling Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/27498-ms.

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Lage, A. C. V. Martins, E. Y. Nakagawa, and A. G. D. P. Cordovil. "Experimental Tests for Gas Kick Migration Analysis." In SPE Latin America/Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/26953-ms.

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Das Purkayastha, Anjanava, Rohit Rana, Rahul Talreja, and Nanthakumar Rajaiah. "Drilling Event Chart: A Kick Prevention Tool." In SPE Gas & Oil Technology Showcase and Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/198660-ms.

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9

Manikonda, Kaushik, Abu Rashid Hasan, Nazmul H. Rahmani, Omer Kaldirim, Chinemerem Edmond Obi, Jerome J. Schubert, and Mohammad Azizur Rahman. "A Gas Kick Model that Uses the Thermodynamic Approach to Account for Gas Solubility in Synthetic-based Mud." In SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/202152-ms.

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Abstract This paper presents a rigorous, mechanistic model for simulating a gas kick, that uses the thermodynamic approach to account for gas solubility. This thermodynamic solubility model uses the pressure and temperature data from the kick simulations and estimates the mole fraction of various gas components in the liquid phase. We validated these gas solubility results using Aspen HYSYS, a commercial chemical process simulation software. The thermodynamic solubility model presented in this paper assumes a pure-methane kick and applies the concepts of phase-equilibrium and fugacity to estimate the amount of dissolved gas in the drilling fluid. Application of fugacity equilibrium between the gas and liquid phases, in conjunction with the Peng-Robinson equation, gives the liquid phase mole fraction of methane. The analytical kick model uses the Hasan-Kabir two-phase flow modeling approach to describes the changes in pressure during kick migration, at various points in the annulus. Since the expansion of the gas bubbles depends on the variation in pressure, these studies also lead to pit gain estimates. A comparison between our model results and HYSYS values for methane liquid-phase mole fraction showed a maximum 8% deviation with complete agreement on bubble point (Pb) pressure and location estimates. Similarly, our model calculated the solution gas-oil ratio (Rs), with a maximum divergence of 3% from HYSYS estimates. From the comparison studies with other empirical Bo & Rs correlations, we note that the estimates of our model agreed best with those of O’Bryan’s (O'Bryan 1988) correlations. Many numerical kick simulators exist today, but they are notoriously time-consuming, limiting their on-field utility. Our kick simulator’s simplicity makes it potentially useful for on-field well control decisions. Most of these existing numerical simulators ignore the effects of kick solubility in synthetic-based muds. In the few models that do not ignore solubility, the approach to accounting for gas solubility and mud swelling is empirical, limiting their usage under conditions beyond the range of the source data used in developing these correlations. The mud swelling calculation approach we developed does not have these pressure and temperature range limitations.
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Kiani Nassab, Kazem, Shui Zuan Ting, Sompop Buapha, Nurfitrah MatNoh, and Mohammad Naghi Hemmati. "More Insight into Kick Tolerance Calculations, and Effect of Kick Classification, Frictional Losses, Pore Pressure Profile and Influx Temperature." In SPE Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/202426-ms.

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