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Journal articles on the topic 'Gas kick'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Zhao, Xinxin, Xiangzhen Yan, Xiaohui Sun, Qing Zhao, Hongwei Jiang, Yonghai Gao, and Guang Yang. "Modelling of Transient CO2/Water Flow in Wellbore considering Multiple Mass and Heat Transfer." Geofluids 2021 (March 18, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8879205.

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A transient fully coupled model is proposed to investigate the two-phase flow of CO2 and water-based fluid in a wellbore, considering the complex mass and heat transfer in different flow patterns and dynamic coupling between the wellbore and reservoir. Based on mass conservation, momentum, and energy balance, the model employs a state-of-the-art equation of state and transport models to analyze the variations of multiphase flow behaviors and CO2 properties in a wellbore. Applied in the scenario of a drilled gas kick, the proposed model is used to simulate the processes of gas migration and two-phase flow in the wellbore. The results indicate that the CO2 solubility increases gradually with the increment of depth, the trend of which shows an abrupt change in 500-1000 m due to the phase transition of CO2. During kick development, the fronts of free gas and dissolved gas increase almost linearly with time. Through a comparison of CO2 and CH4 kicks, gas dissolution is found to significantly suppress the development process of CO2 kick. The error in kick prediction can reach 42% if the effect of gas dissolution is neglected. However, it can be neglected for CH4 kick.

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2

Avelar, Carolina S., Paulo R. Ribeiro, and Kamy Sepehrnoori. "Deepwater gas kick simulation." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 67, no. 1-2 (July 2009): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2009.03.001.

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3

Sun, Xiao Feng, Jun Bo Qu, Tie Yan, and Li Wang. "Numerical Simulation for Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow along the Borehole after Air Cutting." Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (September 2013): 1414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.1414.

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When gas kick Occurs during drilling, because of pressure, temperature, coefficient of gas compressibility and other parameters changing continuously, gas will slip along the borehole and also accompany expansion some extent, and bottom hole differential pressure increases, resulting in the amount of invasion gas increasing continuously until blowout. The procedure of gas kick till blowout in the borehole is transient gas-liquid two-phase flow, studying on The development of gas-liquid two-phase flow parameters variation characteristics and bottom hole pressure variation characteristics plays an significant role to understand blowout occurrence and development characteristics. This paper using methane-mud as the circulating medium simulates the procedure of gas kick till blowout near the bottom under the condition which is almost the onsite drilling process, Analyzing the flow pattern, bottom hole pressure variation characteristics, and velocity distribution under the different stages of gas kick, different influx, and obtained an initial understanding.

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4

Shihui, Sun, Yan Tie, Bi Xueliang, Chen Xun, and Zhang Nan. "Wellbore Flow Analysis of a Gas-Kick Well During Shut-In." Open Fuels & Energy Science Journal 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876973x01508010063.

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Due to the effects of wellbore storage, shut-in period allows additional inflow of gas bubbles into the annulus. Wellbore and casing pressures rise during shut-in of a gas kick as a consequence of gas upward migration and gas compressibility, which will threaten the safety of well control. Therefore, the variation law of surface and wellbore pressures for a gas kick well during shut-in should be investigated. Based on wellbore storage effect, a new model to the wellbore and casing pressure build-up during shut-in for a gas kick well is developed in this paper. Simulation results show that at different gas kick volumes, the rate of bottom-hole pressure rise increases as the permeability decreases. And surface casing pressure stabilizes quickly for low permeable formations. However, at equal initial annular gaseous volume, the rates of rise of the bottom-hole and surface casing pressures for low permeable formations are slower than for high permeability formations.

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5

Li, Yan Jun, Xiang Nan He, Xiao Wei Feng, Ya Qi Zhang, Ling Wu, Xiang Fang Li, Kai Wen Huang, Yi Huang, and Li Min Luo. "Well Control Technology of High Temperature and High Pressure with Different Well Shapes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 316-317 (April 2013): 860–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.316-317.860.

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Well control safe is the prerequisite of safety drilling, especially for high temperature and high pressure horizontal wells. However, there are few papers about well control of horizontal well drilling, which mostly learn from vertical well control process. By means of analysis of the theory of gas kick, we conclude that underbalance, the bottom hole pressure is less than the formation pressure is the main means of gas invasion. During balance period, the gas also intrudes into wellbore through the way of direct invasion, diffusion invasion and replacement invasion, but the amount of gas kick is less, so the risk of well control is small. This paper also anlyses the kick tolerance, the kick tolerance decreases with the increasing of drilling fluid density when the formation pressure and drilling equipment is constant.

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6

Liu, Pu, Hu Yin, Tian Xiang Wang, and Meng Han Si. "Analysis of the Pressure Response of Kick Control in MPD." Advanced Materials Research 997 (August 2014): 713–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.997.713.

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With narrow Density Windows wells and high pressure oil and gas well drilling growing in number, the kick risks becoming increasingly prominent and higher requirements for well control technology being needed, the manage pressure drilling (MPD) technology is used more and more widely. The problems like how to effectively find gas overflowand how to effectively control the overflow in the MPD must be solved.Well must be shuted timely in conventional drilling when overflow happens.The special characteristics of overflow control equipment determines the diversity and effectiveness of its overflow monitoring means in MPD, and the overflow is found more effectively and timely than conventional drilling. Well control risk will increase sharply if kick cannot be timely and effectively identified and controled when overflow occurs. MPD can quickly adjust the wellhead back pressure and inhibit the formation fluid further invasion. Therefore, combining with MPD process and the fluid pressure parameters, the article establishs process of kick recognition and kick control, analyses of the process and analyzes and evaluates the pressure response in process of kick control.MPD can better control the bottom hole pressure in well control situation, ensuring drilling safety. The process of kick recognition and control is of great significance to promote the development and application of kick control technology in MPD.

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7

Sun, Shihui, Zhaokai Hou, Jinyu Feng, and Guoqing Yu. "Research on gas bubble formation using CFD during gas kick." Integrated Ferroelectrics 199, no. 1 (June 13, 2019): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584587.2019.1592612.

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8

Luan, Shi Zhu, Xiao Feng Sun, Ke Lin Wang, and A. Xin Geng. "Summary in Research on Kick Detection Technology." Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (September 2013): 1422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.1422.

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The complexity and depth of drilling are increasing constantly, so an advanced well control technology is required, and early kick detection as the key to well control is very important. Rapid and accurate kick detection helps to eliminate kick and rebalance the wellbore pressure, which not only improves drilling operation efficiency, but also reduces the probability of blowout, well collapse and other accidents. Accordingly, this paper has analyzed the applicable conditions, advantages and shortcomings, and field applications of the existing kick detection technology including mud pit surface detection, delta flow method, liquid level monitoring in the wellbore detection, gas invasion detection, kick detection while drilling, multi-parameter comprehensive detection system and comprehensive logging detection and analysis technology, and proposed the research trends and application suggestions of kick detection technology.

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9

Zbinden, Dominik, Antonio Pio Rinaldi, Tobias Diehl, and Stefan Wiemer. "Potential influence of overpressurized gas on the induced seismicity in the St. Gallen deep geothermal project (Switzerland)." Solid Earth 11, no. 3 (May 20, 2020): 909–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-11-909-2020.

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Abstract. In July 2013, the city of St. Gallen conducted a deep geothermal project that aimed to exploit energy for district heating and generating power. A few days after an injection test and two acid stimulations that caused only minor seismicity, a gas kick forced the operators to inject drilling mud to combat the kick. Subsequently, multiple earthquakes were induced on a fault several hundred meters away from the well, including a ML 3.5 event that was felt throughout the nearby population centers. Given the occurrence of a gas kick and a felt seismic sequence with low total injected fluid volumes (∼1200 m3), the St. Gallen deep geothermal project represents a particularly interesting case study of induced seismicity. Here, we first present a conceptual model based on seismic, borehole, and seismological data suggesting a hydraulic connection between the well and the fault. The overpressurized gas, which is assumed to be initially sealed by the fault, may have been released due to the stimulations before entering the well via the hydraulic connection. We test this hypothesis with a numerical model calibrated against the borehole pressure of the injection test. We successfully reproduce the gas kick and spatiotemporal characteristics of the main seismicity sequence following the well control operation. The results indicate that the gas may have destabilized the fault during and after the injection operations and could have enhanced the resulting seismicity. This study may have implications for future deep hydrothermal projects conducted in similar geological conditions with potentially overpressurized in-place gas.

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10

Huang, Yi, Jin Yang, Lingyu Meng, Xuyue Chen, Ming Luo, and Wentuo Li. "Numerical Investigation on Gas Accumulation and Gas Migration in the Wavy Horizontal Sections of Horizontal Gas Wells." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (August 12, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7275209.

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Wavy horizontal sections are typically encountered in horizontal gas wells, which will result in gas accumulation on top of the wavy horizontal sections. This gas accumulation can be a problem and may trigger gas kick or blowout accident while tripping and pulling this gas into the vertical section. In this paper, a numerical model for gas accumulation and gas migration in the wavy horizontal sections of the horizontal gas well is developed; meanwhile, the gas accumulation and gas migration process is numerically investigated. The results show that the gas exhausting time in the wavy horizontal section increases with the increase of the wellbore curvature and the critical drilling fluid flow velocity for gas exhausting increases with the increase of the wellbore curvature. When the drilling fluid flow velocity is higher than the critical drilling fluid flow velocity for gas exhausting, no gas accumulation will occur. With all other parameter values set constant, the number of the wavy horizontal sections has a great effect on the gas-liquid flow pattern while it has little effect on the efficiency of the gas exhausting. This work provides drilling engineers with a practical tool for designing the drilling fluid flow velocity to avoid gas kick or blowout accident in horizontal gas well drilling.

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11

Bybee, Karen. "Simulation and Analysis of a Shallow Gas Kick." Journal of Petroleum Technology 53, no. 01 (January 1, 2001): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0101-0040-jpt.

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12

Starrett, Michael P., A. Dan Hill, and Kamy Sepehrnoori. "A Shallow-Gas-Kick Simulator Including Diverter Performance." SPE Drilling Engineering 5, no. 01 (March 1, 1990): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/18019-pa.

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13

Hussein, Ameer Ali Hussein, and Dr Mohammed Saleh Aljawad Aljawad. "New Interactive Simulator to Mimic Kick Behavior in Wells of Southern Iraqi fields." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 8, no. 2 (May 6, 2021): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v8i2.232.

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An unprepared drilling team or an inexperienced group in dealing with bottom hole drilling problemscan cause serious injury, health troubles, environmental damage and rigorous financial losses for anycontingency hole troubles that might be faced during the drilling progress. For that reason, drillingsimulators have been developed and used in teaching and training, usually in well control, focusing onhow to handle the most dangerous and expensive problems such as kicks, mud losses, and stuck pipes.It is believed that the practice preferred to be related to real cases for best results, so modern techniqueshave been introduced in this research to build anew drilling simulator software under the name “Kick-Sim100”. The main programming language used is C# language and Unity3D editor used as a programming environment, together used to connect, exhibit and implement field experiences and fielddata that gathered and analyzed from southern Iraqi fields.Kick-Sim100 imitates the behavior of the kick for both types: gas and water kick. It also mimics two ofthe most common well control methods, namely the “Driller” method and the “wait and weight”method. This simulator deals with southern Iraqi formations also manages the possibilities of kickoccurrence and problems solving steps by involving all the potential odds that might arise during wellkilling procedures automatically, in which It does not need any instructor involvement.Kick-Sim100 is expected to have a great impact on the improvement of the drilling staff abilities inhandling kick detection while drilling and well-killing methods. It is also planned to participate in Iraqipetroleum engineering educational systems in the future if developed.

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14

Wang, Zhi-yuan, and Bao-jiang Sun. "Deepwater gas kick simulation with consideration of the gas hydrate phase transition." Journal of Hydrodynamics 26, no. 1 (February 2014): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-6058(14)60011-1.

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15

Feo, Giuseppe, Jyotsna Sharma, Dmitry Kortukov, Wesley Williams, and Toba Ogunsanwo. "Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing for Real-Time Monitoring of Gas in Riser during Offshore Drilling." Sensors 20, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010267.

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Effective well control depends on the drilling teams’ knowledge of wellbore flow dynamics and their ability to predict and control influx. Unfortunately, detection of a gas influx in an offshore environment is particularly challenging, and there are no existing datasets that have been verified and validated for gas kick migration at full-scale annular conditions. This study bridges this gap and presents pioneering research in the application of fiber optic sensing for monitoring gas in riser. The proposed sensing paradigm was validated through well-scale experiments conducted at Petroleum Engineering Research & Technology Transfer lab (PERTT) facility at Louisiana State University (LSU), simulating an offshore marine riser environment with its larger than average annular space and mud circulation capability. The experimental setup instrumented with distributed fiber optic sensors and pressure/temperature gauges provides a physical model to study the dynamic gas migration in full-scale annular conditions. Current kick detection methods primarily utilize surface measurements and do not always reliably detect a gas influx. The proposed application of distributed fiber optic sensing overcomes this key limitation of conventional kick detection methods, by providing real-time distributed downhole data for accurate and reliable monitoring. The two-phase flow experiments conducted in this research provide critical insights for understanding the flow dynamics in offshore drilling riser conditions, and the results provide an indication of how quickly gas can migrate in a marine riser scenario, warranting further investigation for the sake of effective well control.

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16

Sun, Xiaohui, Youqiang Liao, Zhiyuan Wang, XinXin Zhao, and Baojiang Sun. "Modelling of Formation Pore Pressure Inversion during Tight Reservoir Drilling." Geofluids 2021 (February 3, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6626381.

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Identifying and controlling a kicking well hinge on quickly obtaining reliable and accurate formation pore pressure. In this study, we derive an analytical model for estimating formation pore pressure when a gas kick occurs during tight reservoir drilling. The model considers the variations in gas volume and pressures in the annulus affected by mutual coupling between the wellbore and formation, as well as bubble migration and expansion in the annulus. Additionally, a numerical computation method that reduces the effect of measurement noise using the Hooke-Jeeves algorithm is proposed. The method is capable of estimating pore pressure during the early stage of a kick in real time, is robust to the inherit noise of the measurements, and can be applied in scenarios when a well shut-in process cannot be performed. The simulation results demonstrate that both kick simulation and formation pore pressure inversion can be conducted via the proposed methodology. The errors of the pore pressure estimating results are less than 2.03% compared to the field data of seven wells. The method is tested and validated to be robust to noise and maintain good convergence performance, thereby providing drilling engineers with a simple and quick way to estimate pore pressure during a kick.

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17

KATO, Shohei. "A new two phase simulation of gas kick control." Journal of the Japanese Association for Petroleum Technology 54, no. 6 (1989): 463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3720/japt.54.463.

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18

Haciislamoglu, M., and J. Langlinais. "Smearing of a Kick While Being Displaced From a Well." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 113, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 154–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2905796.

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Well control operations while drilling with an oil-base mud can suffer several unexpected phenomena. One of these is the dispersion (smearing) of the gas in solution whenever a gas kick is being circulated from the well. If the gas influx has gone into solution, it is very important to predict the movement of this gas-contaminated mud as it is circulated from the well. A computer model of non-Newtonian fluids flowing in an annulus of any eccentricity has been developed with which to accurately model this dispersion. The movement of the gas-contaminated mud is predicted as a consequence of the velocity profiles established as the displacement of the annulus progresses.

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19

GUO, Yanli, Baojiang SUN, Yonghai GAO, Hao LI, and Changfu WU. "Gas kick during carbonate reservoirs drilling and its risk assessment." Petroleum Exploration and Development 44, no. 3 (June 2017): 462–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1876-3804(17)30053-8.

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20

Sule, Idris O., Faisal Khan, and Stephen Butt. "Experimental investigation of gas kick effects on dynamic drilling parameters." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 9, no. 1 (June 25, 2018): 605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-018-0510-z.

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21

Fu, Jianhong, Yu Su, Wei Jiang, Shuanggui Li, and Yingjie Chen. "Wellbore annulus water hammer pressure prediction based on transient multi-phase flow characteristics." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 74 (2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2019058.

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Water hammer pressure has been known to cause formation fracture and well-control problems. Accurate prediction of water hammer pressure is crucially important to determine the selection of shut-in methods. In this study, the mathematic model of wellbore annulus transient water hammer has been established with the consideration of transient multi-phase flow characteristics, and it has been solved by the Method Of Characteristic (MOC). Finally, this paper focused on the effects of gas cutting, shut-in time and friction on water hammer pressure, and gas kick time were also regarded to study on the influence of water hammer pressure. The results show that both the gas cutting and gas kick time have few influences on the maximum water hammer pressure, but intensified the attenuation of water hammer pressure. Additionally, the peak value of water hammer pressure declines with the increase of the shut-in time, and the effect of friction loss on water hammer pressure became significant with the increase of well depth. More importantly, both the additional water hammer pressure and Shut-In Casing Pressure (SICP) generated by the closure of BlowOut Preventer (BOP) are likely to cause formation at the shallow casing shoe damage.

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22

Sun, Bao-jiang, Pei-bin Gong, and Zhi-yuan Wang. "Simulation of gas kick with high H2S content in deep well." Journal of Hydrodynamics 25, no. 2 (April 2013): 264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-6058(13)60362-5.

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23

Nara, Masaatsu, and Hiraku Sawamura. "New advisory system for shalow gas kick handling and diverter sizing." Journal of the Japanese Association for Petroleum Technology 61, no. 5 (1996): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3720/japt.61.419.

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24

Galdino, Jonathan F., Gabriel M. Oliveira, Admilson T. Franco, and Cezar O. R. Negrão. "Gas kick detection and pressure transmission in thixotropic, compressible drilling fluids." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 180 (September 2019): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2019.05.029.

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25

Ling, Kegang, Jun He, Jun Ge, Peng Pei, and Zheng Shen. "A rigorous method to calculate the rising speed of gas kick." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 5, no. 1 (March 17, 2014): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-014-0111-4.

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26

Yin, Hu, Pu Liu, Qian Li, Qiang Wang, and Dewei Gao. "A new approach to risk control of gas kick in high-pressure sour gas wells." Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 26 (September 2015): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2015.06.014.

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27

Evje, Steinar. "Weak Solutions for a Gas-Liquid Model Relevant for Describing Gas-Kick in Oil Wells." SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis 43, no. 4 (January 2011): 1887–922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/100813932.

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28

Maulana, Faazir Aal Dito. "Optimasi Sumur Gas Lift XX dengan Nodal Analysis di PT Pertamina EP ASSET 2 Field Prabumulih." Majalah Ilmiah Swara Patra 10, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37525/sp/2020-1/219.

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Sumur XX merupakan salah satu sumur minyak di Lapangan Prabumulih yang berproduksi secara sembur buatan (continuous gas lift). Saat ini, sumur XX berproduksi pada laju alir 775 blpd, laju alir gas injeksi sebesar 0.3 mmscfd, tekanan kick off sebesar 560 psi tekanan surface operation sebesar 460 psi, tekanan resevoir 2200 psi, GLR formasi 193 scf/bbls dan 95% watercut. Dari hasil analisis nodal, didapatkan laju alir optimum sumur sebesar 895 blpd pada laju alir gas injeksi sebesar 1. mmscfd. Penentuan gas lift spacing di dapat 6 valve yaitu 5 unloading valve dan 1 check valve dengan ukuran port 16/64 inch.

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29

Samuel, G. Robello, Thomas Engler, and Stefan Miska. "A Practical Technique to Estimate the Formation Thickness of a Kicking Zone." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 124, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1447544.

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Characterization of formation while drilling continues to be a challenge to the engineers. When a well kicks while drilling, evaluation of pore pressure and the corresponding kill mud density is of critical importance for the safety of the drilling crew and mechanical integrity of the wellbore. Besides the estimation of these parameters, it will be beneficial to estimate the thickness of the kicking formation prior to drilling. This helps to drill safely and carefully through the potentially active kicking formation. In this paper, it is shown how to calculate the thickness of the kicking zone with the limited information available at the time of an oil/gas kick. A method of data analysis (obtained on a kicking well) to estimate the formation thickness of the kicking zone is presented. Illustrative examples including actual field cases are described and analyzed.

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30

Bolotnikov, A. V., Peter G. Muzykov, Anant K. Agarwal, Qing Chun Jon Zhang, and Tangali S. Sudarshan. "Two-Branch Boron Diffusion from Gas Phase in n-Type 4H-SiC." Materials Science Forum 615-617 (March 2009): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.615-617.453.

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In this work the analysis of thermal diffusion of boron carried out from vapor phase was performed. Two-branch diffusion associated with kick-out and substitution mechanisms was observed. The activation energy and prefactor were calculated from Arrhenius plot for each diffusion branch. It has been established that the surface layer of diffused boron mostly consists of shallow boron acceptors, while the tail of the diffusion profile has mostly deep level D centers.

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Sun, Baojiang, Xiaohui Sun, Zhiyuan Wang, and Yuanhang Chen. "Effects of phase transition on gas kick migration in deepwater horizontal drilling." Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 46 (October 2017): 710–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2017.09.001.

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32

Sun, Xiaohui, Baojiang Sun, Shuai Zhang, Zhiyuan Wang, Yonghai Gao, and Hao Li. "A new pattern recognition model for gas kick diagnosis in deepwater drilling." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 167 (August 2018): 418–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2018.04.035.

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33

Zhou, Quan, Hui Zhao, Yufa He, Shengnan Li, Shiquan Jiang, and Huijie Zhang. "Research on Mud Flow Rate Measurement Method Based on Continuous Doppler Ultrasonic Wave." International Journal of Optics 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4750290.

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In deep-water drilling processes, the flow rate of drilling mud inside an annular pipe is significant judgment data for early kick detection. On the basis of the continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound, this paper proposes a new detection method of nonoriented continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound. The method solves the problem of the ultrasound having great attenuation in mud and not receiving effective signals by using a continuous ultrasound. Moreover, this method analyzes the nonoriented characteristics of ultrasound reflection on principle and proposes the detection of ultrasound Doppler frequency shift by detecting Lamb wave, which releases the detection of oil-based mud flow rate in a nonintrusive annular pipe. The feasibility of the method is verified through theoretical analysis and numerous experiments on a gas kick simulation platform. The measurement result has reached a flow accuracy approximating to the intrusive flow meter.

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34

Gu, Qifan, Amirhossein Fallah, Tianheng Feng, Soovadeep Bakshi, Dongmei Chen, Pradeepkumar Ashok, Dennis Moore, and Eric van Oort. "A novel dilution control strategy for gas kick handling and riser gas unloading mitigation in deepwater drilling." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 196 (January 2021): 107973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2020.107973.

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35

Shihui, Sun, Yan Tie, Bi Xueliang, Chen Xun, and Zhang Nan. "Retraction Notice: Wellbore Flow Analysis of a Gas-Kick Well During Shut-In." Open Fuels & Energy Science Journal 9, no. 1 (December 30, 2016): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876973x01609010138.

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36

Sule, Idris, Syed Imtiaz, Faisal Khan, and Stephen Butt. "Nonlinear model predictive control of gas kick in a managed pressure drilling system." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 174 (March 2019): 1223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2018.11.046.

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37

Mazzetti, Marit J., Ragnhild Skagestad, Anette Mathisen, and Nils H. Eldrup. "CO2 from Natural Gas Sweetening to Kick-start EOR in the North Sea." Energy Procedia 63 (2014): 7280–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.764.

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38

Sleiti, Ahmad K., Wahib A. Al-Ammari, Motasem Abdelrazeq, Muftah El-Naas, Mohammad Azizur Rahman, Abinash Barooah, Rashid Hasan, and Kaushik Manikonda. "Comprehensive assessment and evaluation of correlations for gas-oil ratio, oil formation volume factor, gas viscosity, and gas density utilized in gas kick detection." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 207 (December 2021): 109135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2021.109135.

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39

Han, Guo You, Xi Sheng Zhang, and Xiu Hua Du. "The Application of BOP During Oil Well Drilling." Advanced Materials Research 1094 (March 2015): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1094.419.

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This is an introduction to brief application of blowout preventers and accessory equipment. Fluid (either liquid or gas) erupts from the well, usually with great force, and often ignites into a roaring inferno, especially if the fluid is gas. The trouble arises when the pressure in the formation is higher than that in the well. The pressure in the well is maintained by the type and amount of drilling fluid being circulated through it. Blowout preventers(BOPs), in conjunction with other equipment and techniques, are used to close the well in and allow the crew to control a kick before it becomes a blowout.

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Patrício, Rafael Veloso, GabrielleFontella de Moraes Oliveira, Mateus Azevedo Dalbone de Carvalho, André Leibsohn Martins, Lindoval Domiciano Fernandes, and Márcia Peixoto Vega. "Dynamic gas kick regulation through control reconfiguration under MPD scenario – Two-phase flow validation." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 172 (January 2019): 806–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2018.08.075.

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Sleiti, Ahmad K., Gorakshnath Takalkar, Muftah H. El-Naas, Abu Rashid Hasan, and Mohammad Azizur Rahman. "Early gas kick detection in vertical wells via transient multiphase flow modelling: A review." Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 80 (August 2020): 103391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2020.103391.

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Meipeng Ren, Xiangfang Li, Xiaoliang Chen, and Weina Ren. "Research of Drilling Gas Kick and Blowout Characteristic Based on The Volume of Fluid Model." International Journal of Digital Content Technology and its Applications 7, no. 1 (January 15, 2013): 797–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/jdcta.vol7.issue1.91.

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Jiang, Hailong, Gonghui Liu, Jun Li, Tao Zhang, Chao Wang, and Kai Ren. "Numerical simulation of a new early gas kick detection method using UKF estimation and GLRT." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 173 (February 2019): 415–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2018.09.065.

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Liao, Youqiang, Xiaohui Sun, Baojiang Sun, Zhiyuan Wang, Jianbo Zhang, and Wenqiang Lou. "Wellhead backpressure control strategies and outflow response characteristics for gas kick during managed pressure drilling." Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 75 (March 2020): 103164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2020.103164.

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Xu, Zhengming, Xianzhi Song, Gensheng Li, Zhaopeng Zhu, and Bin Zhu. "Gas kick simulation in oil-based drilling fluids with the gas solubility effect during high-temperature and high-pressure well drilling." Applied Thermal Engineering 149 (February 2019): 1080–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.12.110.

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YIN, Bangtang, Yingsong LIN, Zhiyuan WANG, Baojiang SUN, Shujie LIU, Jinsheng SUN, Jian HOU, Meipeng REN, and Ning WANG. "A gas kick early detection method outside riser based on Doppler ultrasonic wave during deepwater drilling." Petroleum Exploration and Development 47, no. 4 (August 2020): 846–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1876-3804(20)60100-8.

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Meng, Yingfeng, Chaoyang Xu, Na Wei, Gao Li, Hongtao Li, and Mubai Duan. "Numerical simulation and experiment of the annular pressure variation caused by gas kick/injection in wells." Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 22 (January 2015): 646–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2015.01.013.

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Sharma, Jyotsna, Otto L. A. Santos, Giuseppe Feo, Oloruntoba Ogunsanwo, and Wesley Williams. "Well-scale multiphase flow characterization and validation using distributed fiber-optic sensors for gas kick monitoring." Optics Express 28, no. 26 (December 9, 2020): 38773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.404981.

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Zhou, Quan, Hui Zhao, Shengnan Li, Yufa He, and Huijie Zhang. "An improved gas kick detection method based on continuous Doppler ultrasonic wave in deep water drilling." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 8 (August 2017): 168781401771542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814017715424.

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Xu, Yuqiang, Zhichuan Guan, Chuanbin Xu, A. Rashid Hasan, and Shuo Sun. "Numerical method and analysis of ultrasonic detection of gas kick in deepwater risers during Offshore drilling." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 136 (June 2019): 1311–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.03.102.

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