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Journal articles on the topic 'Gas Poisoning'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

FATOVICH, DANIEL M., ROBERT H. GRAYDON, DAVID A. PRENTICE, and RONALD L. HIRSCH. "Phosphine gas poisoning." Emergency Medicine 4, no. 3 (August 26, 2009): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2026.1992.tb00073.x.

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2

Fatovich, Daniel. "Another phosphine gas poisoning." Emergency Medicine 6, no. 2 (August 26, 2009): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2026.1994.tb00155.x.

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3

Bista, Bidesh, Dhiraj Manandhar, Rupesh Mishra, Pradeep Shrestha, and Alok Dhungel. "Carbon Monoxide Poisoning due to Gas Water Heater." Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Science 5, no. 2 (January 16, 2018): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v5i2.19019.

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Background and Objectives: Carbon Monoxide (CO) poisoning is a leading cause of injury and death due to poisoning in many parts of the world. Among numerous sources of CO, the gas water heater can be a potential under looked source causing an accidental Carbon monoxide poisoning. In the perspective of Kathmandu valley, where there are houses with small bathrooms, inadequate ventilation and absent CO detectors, gas water heaters can be extremely dangerous even if it liberates small amount of CO gas. Herein, we present a case of CO poisoning to increase awareness about the gas water heater use and the possible risk of CO poisoning in our community.Presentation of Case: A 34 years old healthy female from Patan, presented with the history of loss of consciousness for 15 minute while taking bath on a gas water heater. There was no spontaneous respiration, no cardiac activity and her body temperature was below normal.Discussion: CO is toxic to all aerobic forms to life. CO binds to hemoglobin 230 times faster than oxygen causing cellular hypoxic damage and death. CO poisoning is not uncommon in our society and many such cases are misdiagnosed for some other illness.Conclusion: Use of the gas water heaters and likelihood of CO poisoning should be notified as a public concern. People need to be aware of these hazards to prevent fatal events and likely death due to exploitation of gas water heaters. Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2017) Vol. 5(2): 56-59

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4

Kulling, Per. "Gas Poisoning in Historical Perspective." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 19, S1 (June 2004): s7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00011523.

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5

Hosahally, Jayanth S., Varsha Patil, and YP Girish Chandra. "Fatal Carbon Monoxide Poisoning." Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 9, no. 2 (2023): 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_23_22.

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Liquefied petroleum gas on combustion with deficient oxygen produces toxic carbon monoxide. It is used as a fuel to heat water in gas geysers. Here, we report a fatal case of carbon monoxide poisoning resulting from the usage of gas water heater. A 24-year-old female had gone to take bath in a bathroom where a gas geyser was installed to heat the water. As she did not come out of the bathroom even after more than an hour, the door was broken down by the relatives and she was found dead. Cherry red postmortem hypostasis, congested and edematous pinkish lungs, and cerebral edema were salient autopsy findings. Carboxyhemoglobin was quantified in blood to 76.55%. The cause of death was attributed to carbon monoxide poisoning; accidental in manner. This case highlights the hazards of using a gas geyser in an ill-ventilated bathroom.

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6

J.N, Pandit, Chandran V, Dhaka S, and Millo T. "A Series Case Reports of Four Accidental Sewer Gas Poisoning." Journal of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology 4, no. 2 (December 15, 2018): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jfct.2454.9363.4218.3.

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Sewer gas (H2S) is a toxic gas generally produced naturally by decaying organic matter. Death in sewer gas poisoning is due to respiratory arrest. Acute exposure of Hydrogen sulphide causes cytochrome oxidase enzyme inhibition causing disruption of oxidative metabolism and affecting nervous system and cardiac tissue immediately. It affects almost all system like, CNS, respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, dermal and ocular system. The powerful effect of hydrogen sulphide over olfactory inhibition makes the people unaware to its characteristic rotten egg odour. Rarely hydrogen sulphide poisoning occurs by intention but most of the case is accidental. Hydrogen sulphide is highly toxic and flammable gas, and, because of heavier than air it is accumulated at the bottom of poorly ventilated and closed space. In India it is observed that most of the sewer cleaning is done manually and the workers are not aware to its harmful effect because of lack of knowledge, so they unfortunately comes under its silent dangerous effect. There are standards and guidelines for exposure of hydrogen sulphide at work place; if it is followed and proper safety measures are taken then incidence will be reduced. Here we are reporting a series of four cases of accidental sewer gas poisoning, the autopsy of which were done in our mortuary, AIIMS, New Delhi.

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7

Doğan, Erdal, Abdulmenap Güzel, Taner Çiftçi, İlker Aycan, Feyzi Çelik, Bedri Çetin, and Gönül Ölmez Kavak. "Zinc Phosphide Poisoning." Case Reports in Critical Care 2014 (2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/589712.

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Zinc phosphide has been used widely as a rodenticide. Upon ingestion, it gets converted to phosphine gas in the body, which is subsequently absorbed into the bloodstream through the stomach and the intestines and gets captured by the liver and the lungs. Phosphine gas produces various metabolic and nonmetabolic toxic effects. Clinical symptoms are circulatory collapse, hypotension, shock symptoms, myocarditis, pericarditis, acute pulmonary edema, and congestive heart failure. In this case presentation, we aim to present the intensive care process and treatment resistance of a patient who ingested zinc phosphide for suicide purposes.

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8

Ejaj Uddin Ahmed, Amina Sultana, Mohammad Omar Faruq, and Umme Kulsum Chy. "Clustered Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Cases: Accidental Poisoning In A Vehicle." Bangladesh Critical Care Journal 12, no. 1 (April 4, 2024): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bccj.v12i1.72396.

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Carbon monoxide (CO) is a product of combustion of organic matter in the presence of inadequate supply of oxygen. Common sources are burning fuel, engine exhaust, burning of animal dung, heater emissions and gas geyser. It is a toxic, clear, colorless and tasteless gas. The clinical presentation runs a spectrum, ranging from headache and dizziness to coma and death. Here we report three cases that presented to us in the month of November 2023 with history, sign & symptoms suggestive of CO poisoning. Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2024; 12 (1): 72-74

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9

Nagornaya, S., D. Suslov, and E. Popov. "GAS EQUIPMENT IN EVERYDAY LIFE – RISK OF CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 9, no. 5 (March 22, 2024): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2024-9-5-46-54.

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Currently, the number of cases of carbon monoxide poisoning continues to remain high. The article provides examples of the occurrence of carbon monoxide and the reasons for its accumulation in the room. According to statistics, in Russia gas poisoning ranks second in the structure of causes of death from acute poisoning of chemical etiology. Over the 6 months of 2023, 19 cases of poisoning were registered, 6 of which (31.6 %) resulted in the death of the victims. In the structure of violent death (8078 cases), fatal poisoning ranks third after mechanical injuries and mechanical asphyxia and accounts for 6.3 % (513 cases). The article presented measurements and calculations from which conclusions were drawn about the immediate causes of the formation of carbon monoxide in the room. Data from technical examinations and world literature on CO poisoning were studied and analyzed. It was found that the most common reasons for the formation of carbon monoxide in the premises were insufficient air exchange in the premises, the use of mechanical ventilation systems in apartments where this was not provided, the inoperability of ventilation ducts, the shutdown of gas equipment safety systems and violations in the installation of gas equipment. This article also provides recommendations that will allow defending yourself and your loved ones from the danger of carbon monoxide poisoning. The problem of carbon monoxide is global; in order to prevent poisoning from combustion products, everyone needs to know the rules for using gas equipment and the basic principles of air exchange.

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10

Park, Meejung, Sohyun Kim, Junghyun Kim, Heejin Park, Juyeon Lee, and Sungmin Moon. "Identification of Organic Solvents in Agrochemicals Intoxication Cases." Korean Journal of Legal Medicine 48, no. 2 (May 31, 2024): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7580/kjlm.2024.48.2.35.

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In South Korea, deaths caused by poisoning are mostly suicides due to drug overdoses, or agrochemical poisonings. Even though the latter is becoming less frequent, they are still occurring in large numbers across the country. In some cases, deaths result from toxicity of organic solvents contained in the agrochemical products. In this study, we identified organic solvents in post-mortem blood of acute agrochemical poisoning cases using solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with black fiber. Out of 42 cases, organic solvents were detected in 29, with toluene and butanol detected simultaneously in 13 cases. In these 13 cases, the original pesticides were of various types, including organophosphorus compounds, carbamate, nicotine, and oxadiazine. Xylene and ethyl benzene were simultaneously detected six times. In these six cases, the original pesticides were mainly pyrethroid-based pesticides, such as cypermethrin and deltamethrin. Methoxypropanol was detected in five cases in which the water-soluble pesticide glufosinate was detected. These organic solvents may cause acute poisoning and even death in some agrochemical poisoning cases.

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11

Overfelt, Conner. "Carbon monoxide poisoning." JAAPA 36, no. 10 (October 2023): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jaa.0000977740.22781.6b.

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ABSTRACT Diagnosis of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is challenging, as it is generally based on a history of present illness leading to clinical suspicion. CO is a tasteless, odorless, and colorless gas that has become known as the “silent killer.” CO poisoning affects approximately 50,000 people in the United States each year and presents with wide range of nonspecific symptoms. Patients often do not know that they are being exposed to CO gas; it is therefore important to ask pertinent questions when taking a patient's history. Treatment consists of oxygen therapy. If a diagnosis is not made and treatment is not administered promptly, complications may occur.

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12

White, S. M., and T. M. Palfreman. "Nicotinic Antagonists and Nerve Gas Poisoning." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 98, no. 7 (July 2005): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107680509800720.

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13

White, S. M. "Nicotinic antagonists and nerve gas poisoning." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 98, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jrsm.98.7.336-a.

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14

Suzuki, Shunji, Susumu Sakamoto, Kohji Maniwa, Atsushi Saitoh, Yasutaka Hirayama, Hiroko Kobayashi, and Takefumi Matsuo. "Fatal Pulmonary Arterial Thrombosis Associated With Chlorine Gas Poisoning." Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 7, no. 4 (October 2001): 356–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107602960100700420.

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We present a patient with accidental chlorine gas poisoning who died from pulmonary thrombosis due to a marked increase in hemostatic factors such as von Willebrand factor after recovering from the acute poisoning.

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15

Banerjee, BD, S. Dwivedi, and S. Singh. "Acute hydrogen selenide gas poisoning admissions in one of the hospitals in Delhi, India: case report." Human & Experimental Toxicology 16, no. 5 (May 1997): 276–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719701600508.

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Acute gas poisoning is one of the most important medicosocial problems in the developing countries. An outbreak of acute inhalation exposure to hydrogen selenide occurred in Delhi, India. This report includes our findings on epidemiological, clinical and biochemical investigations in 31 cases hospitalized immediately after the gas poisoning.

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16

Đurđević, Biljana, Milena Samojlović, Brankica Kartalović, Radomir Ratajac, Miloš Pelić, Marko Pajić, and Vladimir Polaček. "Poisoning of domestic carnivores by banned pesticides in South Bačka district." Archives of Veterinary Medicine 11, no. 1 (September 16, 2018): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v11i1.17.

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Cases of deliberate, illegal animal poisoning are widely documented in the literature. Recently, there has been an increase in number of cases of poisoning of domestic and wild animals with highly toxic pesticides in the Republic of Serbia. During the two-year period (2016-2017), in total 40 autopsies of dogs and 2 cats from the territory of the South Bačka District were performed at the Department of Pathology at Scientific Veterinary Institute “Novi Sad” to determine the cause of death. Reasonable suspicion of poisoning in 13 dogs and 2 cats was made based on anamnestic data. The expertises were performed on request of the Republic veterinary inspector in 5 cases, and on the request of the owner in 8 cases. After autopsy, liver, kidneys and stomach content were sampled for toxicological analysis. The presence of carbofuran was determined in three dogs and one cat and the presence of 4,6-dinitro-ortho-cresol in one dog by method of gas-mass chromatography. In these cases of poisoning, on the basis of anamnestic data, clinical picture and autopsy finding it was concluded that poisonings were deliberate. Although the number of confirmed cases of domestic carnivores poisoning during the two-year period is relatively low, it is assumed that the number of undetected and undiagnosed poisoning cases is much higher. Abuse of highly toxic pesticides can have severe consequences for both public health and the overall biodiversity.

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17

McKivigan, James, and Gregory Gilmour. "Neuro-Anatomical Changes of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning on Advanced Imaging: A Literature Review." International Journal of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, no. 72 (February 17, 2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijhms.72.6.12.

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Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a major public health issue in the United States that accounts for approximately 50% of poisoning cases in the nation each year and around 50,000 emergency room visits. In most instances of CO poisoning, the culprit is a malfunctioning or poorly tended heating system within the home or, occasionally, commercial building, which causes the system to leak this hazardous gas. One of the more insidious aspects of CO poisoning is that the gas is odorless and colorless, and victims of CO poisoning often do not realize that there is a problem until they begin to experience the effects of poisoning and have no choice but to seek medical attention. Unfortunately, many victims of CO poisoning die before they are able to seek treatment. This paper makes use of a qualitative, systematic literature review to examine the four major parts of the brain that are most severely affected by CO poisoning. Overall, the literature review showed that the white matter, globus pallidus, basal ganglia, and cortex are the parts of the brain most severely impacted by CO poisoning. While many CO poisoning victims do make it to the hospital on time and are treated, they may nonetheless suffer long-term neurological consequences as a result of their exposure. As such, CO poisoning is a major public health issue.

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18

Lee, Sang Hwan, Juncheol Lee, Yongil Cho, Byuk Sung Ko, Jaehoon Oh, and Hyunggoo Kang. "Effect on blood heavy metal concentration in gas poisoning by combustion of ignition coal: Pilot study." Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology 19, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22537/jksct.2021.19.2.127.

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Purpose: It is known that the most common cause of gas poisoning in Korea is suicide attempts by burning ignition coals. Ignition coals are made from waste wood, and studies have been reported that heavy metals are emitted when this coal is burned. However, there was no study on how much heavy metal poisoning occurs in the human body through this, so this study was planned to find out whether the concentration of heavy metals in the blood increased in patients exposed to ignition coal combustion. Methods: From April 2020 to April 2021, blood lead, mercury, and cadmium concentrations were investigated in carbon monoxide poisoning patients who visited one regional emergency medical center in Seoul, and their association with exposure time, source of poisoning, and rhabdomyolysis were investigated. Results: During the study period, a total of 136 carbon monoxide poisoning patients were tested for heavy metals, and 81 cases of poisoning by ignition coal were reported. When comparing poisoning caused by combustion of ignition coal and other substances, there was no difference in the concentrations of lead, mercury, and cadmium in the blood, and there was no difference in the number of patients above the reference range. However, the patients exposed to more than 5 hours of ignition coal gas exposure are more frequent than those in the group less than 5 hours in lead (51.4% vs. 23.9%, p=0.012). Conclusion: Compared to poisoning with other combustible substances, the blood concentration of lead, mercury, and cadmium does not increase further in patients with gas poisoning by ignition coal. However, prolonged exposure may result in elevated levels of lead.

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19

Schüler, M., T. Sauerwald, and A. Schütze. "A novel approach for detecting HMDSO poisoning of metal oxide gas sensors and improving their stability by temperature cycled operation." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 4, no. 2 (October 19, 2015): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-4-305-2015.

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Abstract. In this paper we study the effect of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) vapor on an SnO2-based gas sensor (GGS 1330, UST Umweltsensortechnik GmbH, Geschwenda, Germany) in a temperature cycled operation (TCO). We show that HMDSO poisoning can be quantified at early stages (85 to 340 ppm × min) with a resolution of ±85 ppm × min using TCO. This novel approach for sensor self-monitoring provides a simple method for early detection of HMDSO poisoning. It is thereby possible to detect poisoning before the sensor function is strongly impaired. In this paper we show that by using an appropriate normalization of the sensor data, the stability of gas discrimination by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) can be improved, which in turn facilitates a more accurate determination of the poisoning state by a hierarchical LDA discrimination. For a specific temperature cycle and feature extraction approach, we show that identification of ethanol and carbon monoxide is still possible after poisoning with 900 ppm × min HMDSO, i.e. a HMDSO poisoning dose more than twice as high as required by DIN EN 50194-1.

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20

Jaiswal, Sanjay, Amit Batra, Ankur Verma, Meghna Haldar, and Wasil Rasool Sheikh. "CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING SECONDARY TO GAS GEYSER." Indian Journal of Case Reports 05, no. 05 (October 25, 2019): 423–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32677/ijcr.2019.v05.i05.008.

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21

McLoughlin, M., C. McMurray, H. Dodds, and R. Evans. "Nitrogen dioxide (silo gas) poisoning in pigs." Veterinary Record 116, no. 5 (February 2, 1985): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.116.5.119.

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22

Macdonald, N. "Possible 'silo gas' poisoning in a bull." Veterinary Record 131, no. 3 (July 18, 1992): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.131.3.59-a.

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23

Eckert, William G. "Mass Deaths by Gas or Chemical Poisoning." American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 12, no. 2 (June 1991): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000433-199106000-00007.

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24

Varon, Joseph, and Paul Marik. "Carbon monoxide poisoning and gas powered equipment." Journal of Emergency Medicine 21, no. 3 (October 2001): 283–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0736-4679(01)00391-2.

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25

Rouleau, Patricia. "Sewer gas poisoning in the twentieth century." British Homoeopathic journal 80, no. 2 (April 1991): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-0785(05)80400-4.

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26

Yu, Jisu, Juncheol Lee, Yongil Cho, Jaehoon Oh, Hyunggoo Kang, Tae Ho Lim, and Byuk Sung Ko. "Correlation between Carboxyhemoglobin Levels Measured by Blood Gas Analysis and by Multiwave Pulse Oximetry." Journal of Personalized Medicine 14, no. 2 (January 31, 2024): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm14020168.

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Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is difficult to diagnose owing to its nonspecific symptoms. Multiwave pulse oximetry can be used to quickly screen patients for CO poisoning. However, few studies have analyzed patients with CO poisoning who presented to the emergency department (ED). The primary aim of our study was to determine the correlation between COHb levels measured in blood gas analysis and COHb levels measured in multiwave pulse oximetry. Secondary aims were the sensitivity and specificity of the COHb level cutoff value using multiwave pulse oximetry to predict a 25% COHb level in blood gas analysis. This single-center retrospective observational study included patients with CO poisoning who visited the ED of a university-affiliated hospital in Seoul, Korea between July 2021 and June 2023. COHb poisoning was determined using blood gas analysis and multiwave pulse oximetry. The correlation of COHb levels between the two tests was evaluated using correlation analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of multiwave pulse oximetry was calculated to predict COHb levels from the blood gas analysis. The optimal cutoff values, sensitivity, and specificity of COHb were determined. A total of 224 patients who had COHb levels measured using both multiwave pulse oximetry and blood gas analysis were included in the analysis. In the correlation analysis, COHb showed a high positive correlation with COHb measured using blood gas analysis (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.86, p < 0.001). The AUC of COHb measured by multiwave pulse oximetry to predict 25% of the COHb level (which can be an indication of hyperbaric oxygen treatment) measured by blood gas analysis was 0.916. When the COHb levels measured with multiwave pulse oximetry were 20% the sensitivity was 81% and the specificity was 83%, and when the COHb levels were 25% the sensitivity was 50% and the specificity was 95%. The COHb value measured using multiwave pulse oximetry blood gas analysis showed a high correlation. However, additional research using large-scale studies is required for validation.

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27

Huang, L., Ya Lai, and Yi Yang. "Survey on an acute occupational poisoning event caused by simple asphyxiating gas." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-1-30-33.

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Objective. To provide a basis for the effective prevention of the same type of poisoning events through analyzing the causes of an occupational acute simple asphyxiating gas poisoning incident.Method. Descriptive epidemiological method was used to investigate the related personnel of the poisoning incident, detect poisonous and harmful gases in the air of the scene, and collect and analyze the clinical data of patients.Result. The poisoning incident led to 1 death and 2 poisoning. All of them were male. The dead patient was 38 years old, and two injured patients were 37 and 31 years old, respectively. The day after the accident, the contents of phenol, toluene, hydrochloric acid and oxygen were determined in the reactor where the accident occurred. The results showed that the maximum concentration of phenol, toluene and hydrochloric acid (CM) was 0/m3 , which did not exceed the occupational exposure limit of harmful factors in the workplace stipulated by GBZ2.1–2007. Also, the oxygen content was 10.0%, which was lower than the oxygen content in normal air.Conclusion. This is an acute simple asphyxiating gas poisoning incident caused by the employing unit managers and operators’ weak awareness of occupational hygiene and safe operation. The employing unit managers and operators should strengthen occupational safety training, strictly implement the occupational health management system, and prevent such incidents.Funding. Th e study had no funding.Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

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28

Yaraghi, Ahmad, Nastaran Eizadi-Mood, Maryam Katani, Shadi Farsaei, Mahrang Hedaiaty, Seyyed Mohammad Mahdy Mirhosseini, Elham Beheshtian, and Ali Mohammad Sabzghabaee. "Arterial Blood Gas Analysis and the Outcome of Treatment in Tricyclic Antidepressants Poisoned Patients with Benzodiazepine Coingestion." Anesthesiology Research and Practice 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/232401.

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Background. Poisoning with tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) is still a major concern for emergency physicians and intensivists. Concomitant ingestion of other psychoactive drugs especially benzodiazepines with TCAs may make this clinical situation more complex. This study aimed to compare the arterial blood gas (ABG) values and the outcome of treatment in patients with coingestion of TCA and benzodiazepine (TCA + BZD) poisoning and TCA poisoning alone.Methods. In this cross-sectional study which was carried out in a tertiary care university hospital in Iran, clinical and paraclinical characteristics of one hundred forty TCA only or TCA + BZD poisoned patients (aged 18–40 years) were evaluated. ABG analysis was done on admission in both groups. Outcomes were considered as survival with or without complication (e.g., intubation) and the frequency of TCA poisoning complications.Results. Arterial pH was significantly lower in TCA + BZD poisoning group compared with TCA only poisoning group (7.34 ± 0.08 and 7.38 ± 0.08, resp.;P=0.02). However, other complications such as seizure, and the need for the endotracheal intubation were not significantly different. All patients in both groups survived.Conclusions. Concomitant TCA plus BZD poisoning may make the poisoned patients prone to a lower arterial pH level on hospital admission which may potentially increases the risk of cardiovascular complications in TCA poisoning.

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29

Li, Lixia. "Clinical Nursing Experience Sharing of Patients with Severe Lung Injury Caused by Gas Poisoning." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2022 (April 4, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4888524.

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Objective. To study the first aid and nursing methods of patients with coal gas poisoning and explore the nursing effect. Method. The clinical data of 50 patients with carbon monoxide poisoning admitted to the emergency department of our hospital from February 2011 to August 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients with severe toxic pulmonary edema were selected as the sample population, and all patients were equally divided by drawing lots. The two groups were divided into the study group and control group. The patients in the control group were given routine nursing intervention, while the patients in the study group were given routine nursing intervention. After the timely treatment of doctors in our hospital and the careful nursing of nursing staff, 45 patients in 50 patients were cured and discharged; 3 patients died of asphyxia due to long poisoning time. Two patients died of severe complications. Result. The total effective rate and oxygenation index of the study group were significantly different from those of the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. In the clinical nursing work of patients with severe carbon monoxide toxic pulmonary edema, the nursing effect of emergency cluster therapy is ideal. Patients with carbon monoxide poisoning have obvious age, gender, poisoning causes, and seasonal characteristics. It is an important means to carry out targeted publicity and education in daily life and take effective preventive measures to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning. Once poisoning occurs, timely treatment should be carried out, and careful nursing should be provided to help patients get rid of the danger.

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Olszański, Romuald, and Elżbieta Mamet-Ossowska. "Diver Poisoning with Contaminated Compresses Air." Polish Hyperbaric Research 71, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/phr-2020-0010.

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Abstract The paper describes the case of a military diver who suffered from a complicated poisoning caused by hydrocarbons contained in his breathing air. The hydrocarbons came from a malfunctioning compressor which was used to fill the diving cylinders; the compressor sucked in the exhaust gases of its own motor. Exhaust gas poisoning was further complicated by hypoxia and hypercapnia as the diver spat out the mouthpiece and started to breathe from inside the suit. This resulted in a loss of consciousness. The diver was extracted to the surface and was given oxygen to breathe. The course of treatment was successful. On the same day, symptoms of exhaust gas poisoning occurred in several divers using cylinders filled with the same compressor.

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31

Palathoti, Suvarnaraju, Manar Al-Rawahi, Riyad Mahfud, and Victor Otitolaiye. "Effects of Mercury Concentration on the Health and Safety of Oil and Gas Workers." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 12, no. 3 (June 27, 2022): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v12i3.40325.

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Introduction: The processing of crude oil is characterized by numerous hazards, which have significant health, safety, and environmental impacts on neighboring communities. The occurrence of mercury and its toxic derivatives is considered one of the many negative impacts of oil and gas operations. However, there is limited research on mercury and its negative effects on workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. This study examines the occurrence, exposure, and symptoms of mercury on the health and safety of oil and gas workers in Oman. It also explores the acute/chronic effects of mercury poisoning on the maintenance and inspection workers, who are more prone to the adverse effects of mercury poisoning during oil and gas operations. Methods: The two-pronged approach of literature review and survey questionnaire was used to deduce the effects of mercury exposure and poisoning using 68 respondents with 1 – 6 years of working experience in the sector. Results: Based on the questionnaire response rate of 72%, the results showed that over 90% of participants had experienced symptoms of elemental, organic, and methyl mercury poisoning. The common symptoms experienced are headaches, insomnia, weakness, hearing impairment, visual and sensory abilities. However, the respondents who experienced methyl mercury (MeHg) symptoms are due to consuming seafood and cigarettes, whereas elemental and organic mercury symptoms are due to oil and gas operations. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for robust health and safety measures to effectively detect, monitor and eliminate mercury compounds responsible for poisoning maintenance and inspection workers.

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Deniz, Turgut, Hayati Kandis, Oguz Eroglu, Harun Gunes, Meral Saygun, and Ismail Hamdi Kara. "Carbon monoxide poisoning cases presenting with non-specific symptoms." Toxicology and Industrial Health 33, no. 1 (August 19, 2016): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233716660641.

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Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colourless and odourless gas appearing as a result of incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels. Many domestic or occupational poisonings are caused by CO exposure. Malfunctioning heating systems, improperly ventilated motor vehicles, generators, grills, stoves and residential fires may be listed in the common sources of CO exposure. The aim of this study was to emphasize the significance of early diagnosis of CO poisoning with non-invasive measurement of CO levels of the patients with non-specific symptoms using a pulse oximeter device in the triage. Our study was a cross-sectional study. Patients who presented to the emergency department (ED) due to non-specific symptoms and had a Canadian Triage and Acuity scale level of 4 or 5 were included in the study; 106 (5.9%) of 1788 patients admitted during the study period were diagnosed with CO poisoning. Patients with CO poisoning and the other patients had statistically significant differences in terms of presenting symptoms, namely, headache, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. More CO poisoning cases were admitted in the fall and winter compared to the spring and summer. The number of CO poisoning victims can be decreased if preventive measures like CO monitoring systems and well-designed ventilation systems are generalized at homes and workplaces. Measurement of carboxyhaemoglobin levels of patients presenting to ED due to non-specific symptoms like headache and dizziness during cold seasons and winter months using a pulse CO-oximeter should be a part of the routine of emergency medicine triage.

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Hermansyah, Heri, Mohamad Nur Hidayat, Anggraini Kumaraningrum, Masafumi Yohda, and Azmi Shariff. "Assessment, Mitigation, and Control of Potential Gas Leakage in Existing Buildings Not Designed for Gas Installation in Indonesia." Energies 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 2970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11112970.

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Operational activities of gas pipelines are associated with potential hazards and risks that can potentially lead to pipeline failure, including failure of the gas distribution pipeline in existing buildings. Unfortunately, few studies on risk analysis of the gas distribution pipeline in existing buildings have been published. Therefore, this study was conducted to provide a reference for analyzing the risk of pipeline leakage caused by small-scale leakage, large-scale gas release, and gas pipeline rupture in existing buildings in Indonesia not designed for gas installation. The study was performed using the event tree analysis method. The methodology of this study was initiated by identifying the scenario of the case of small-scale leakage, large-scale gas release, or gas pipeline rupture. Then, pivotal events were identified, an event tree diagram was constructed, the event failure of each pivotal event was determined, and the probability value of the outcome risk was calculated. The risk was evaluated in terms of fire, casualties, and gas released. The results of this study showed the highest risk in each scenario which can result in fire, severe casualties, and light poisoning. The highest risk in the small-scale leak scenario had a probability value of 1.5 × 10−3. In the large-scale gas release scenario, the highest risk had a probability value to incur a fireball, severe casualties, and light gas poisoning of 6.0 × 10−4. In the gas pipeline rupture scenario, the highest risk had a probability value of fireball, severe casualties, and light poisoning of 7.0 × 10−4. The probability value of each risk was reduced by the installation of a gas detector and water sprinkler as a barrier.

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Mohammed, Abdelhakim Osman Hassan, Malik Muhammed Akbar Saeed, Akhwand Shakeel Ahmad, and Mansoor C. Abdulla. "Indoxacarb poisoning presenting as methemoglobinemia: A case report." International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science 14, no. 1 (2024): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_37_23.

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ABSTRACT A 34-year-old Sri Lankan man presented with multiple episodes of vomiting following accidental ingestion of 100 ml of indoxacarb (Avaunt). He had a significant saturation gap (discrepancy between oxygen saturation [98%] in blood gas analysis and saturation on pulse oximetry [70%] in finger pulse oximetry), the color of the blood was muddy brown, and the methemoglobin level (60%) was high in the blood gas analysis. A diagnosis of methemoglobinemia secondary to indoxacarb poisoning was made, and he was treated with methylene blue with a favorable outcome. Methemoglobinemia secondary to indoxacarb poisoning is extremely rare, and clinicians should be aware of this important complication. Methemoglobinemia secondary to indoxacarb poisoning has a favorable outcome if recognized and treated promptly.

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Lee, Hyeonjae, Minhong Choa, Eunah Han, Dong Ryul Ko, Jaiwoog Ko, Taeyoung Kong, Junho Cho, and Sung Phil Chung. "Causative Substance and Time of Mortality Presented to Emergency Department Following Acute Poisoning: 2014-2018 National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS)." Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology 19, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22537/jksct.2021.19.2.65.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the cause of acute fatal poisoning and the time of death by analyzing the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) of South Korea. Methods: The NEDIS data from 2014 to 2018 excluding non-medical visits were used for this study. The patients with acute poisoning were extracted using diagnostic codes. The toxic substances were classified into pharmaceuticals, pesticides, gases, artificial poisonous substances, and natural toxic substances. Patients were classified according to the time of death, place of death, and region. In each case, the most causative substances of poisoning were identified. Results: There were 380,531 patients including poisoning-related diagnoses, of which 4,148 (1.1%) died, and the WHO age-standardized mortality rate was 4.8 per 100,000. Analysis of 2,702 death patients whose primary diagnosis was acute poisoning, the most common cause of poisoning death was pesticides (62%), followed by therapeutic drugs, gas, and artificial toxic substances. Herbicides were the most common pesticides at 64.5%. The proportion of mortality by time, hyperacute (<6 h) 27.9%, acute (6-24 h) 32.6%, subacute (1-7 d) 29.7%, and delayed period (>7 d) were 9.8%. Conclusion: This study suggests that the most common cause of poisoning death was pesticides, and 60% of deaths occurred within 24 hours. The 71% of mortality from pesticides occurred within 6-24 hours, but mortality from gas was mostly within 6 hours. According to the geographic region, the primary cause of poisoning death was varied to pesticides or pharmaceuticals.

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Simangunsong, Dedy Kristofer, Septo Sulistio, Eirene Simbolon, and Erwin Kristianto Simangunsong. "Terapi Non-Invasive Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Ventilation pada Keracunan Gas Karbon Monoksida." Cermin Dunia Kedokteran 51, no. 2 (February 1, 2024): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v51i2.1022.

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Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is one of the leading environmental emergencies with high mortality and morbidity. The brain and heart are especially at-risk organs of being affected. Clinical manifestations may closely mimic various nonspecific viral illnesses. Diagnosis is made based on of clinical symptoms, patient history, and the location’s circumstances. Current therapy recommendations for CO poisoning are 100% normobaric oxygen (NBO) or hyperbaric oxygen (HBO). Non-invasive ventilation CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) method is effective as a therapy for CO poisoning in the emergency room because it can provide tissue oxygenation and eliminate CO quickly.

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Tabasum, Husna, Neelagund S. E., Haraha Raj G., Kotresh K. R., Avinash B., Gowtham M. D., and Sulochana N. "Double deaths due to domestic carbon monoxide poisoning correlated with medicolegal autopsy and laboratory studies." Biomedicine 42, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v42i2.1305.

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Carbon monoxide poisoning is one of the most prevalent types of accidental poisoning worldwide, especially in houses and hotels with malfunctioning or badly maintained appliances. Most carbon monoxide poisoning cases remain undetected because of common symptoms of flu and lack of knowledge. Two people died as a result of unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning in the restroom, which we reported. On the next day of Valentine's Day, a boy and a girl, both about 23 years old and healthy students, were discovered dead inside a bathroom in a compromised position. Medicolegal autopsy revealed the Cherry-red discolouration of the skin, mucous membranes, conjunctivae, nail beds, and areas of hypostasis was seen in both the deceased. Further analysis of the crime scene reveals that the bathroom lacks adequate aeration. Suggestive of a carbon monoxide poisoning which was later confirmed in laboratory analysis of post-mortem blood by UV visible spectrophotometry revealed the presence of dangerous levels of carboxyhaemoglobin i.e., 38.27% in male and 36.79% in female. This method of detecting carboxyhaemoglobin in blood is easy and inexpensive. This case serves to increase awareness of fatal carbon monoxide poisoning by gas geysers. Carbon monoxide poisoning is linked to a high death and morbidity rate. Due to the rising usage of gas water heaters in homes, public awareness of the hazards associated with carbon monoxide, with an emphasis on preventive measures at home, is essential for avoidance.

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Bulka, K. A., A. A. Kuzmin, S. P. Sidorov, O. V. Chubar, and Yu Sh Khalimov. "Modelling of Inhalation Poisoning with Sulphur Mustard Gas." Journal Biomed 16, no. 3 (September 3, 2020): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33647/2074-5982-16-3-106-110.

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The present work describes the currently existing experimental models of sulphur mustard gas inhalation injury. These models were analysed in terms of their suitability for the development of medical protective equipment. It is proposed to use micro-sprayers, which provide the possibility of transferring mustard gas from a liquid state to an aerosol form while exhibiting an increased ergonomic simplicity and safety.

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Pritchett, Sean, Daniel Green, and Peter Rossos. "Accidental Ingestion of 35% Hydrogen Peroxide." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 21, no. 10 (2007): 665–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/423217.

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Hydrogen peroxide is a commonly used oxidizing agent with a variety of uses depending on its concentration. Ingestion of hydrogen peroxide is not an uncommon source of poisoning, and results in morbidity through three main mechanisms: direct caustic injury, oxygen gas formation and lipid peroxidation. A case of a 39-year-old man who inadvertently ingested 250 mL of unlabelled 35% hydrogen peroxide intended for natural health use is presented. Hydrogen peroxide has purported benefits ranging from HIV treatment to cancer treatment. Its use in the natural health industry represents an emerging source for accidental poisonings.

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Teregulov, E. A., and A. P. Tickled. "A case of acute pyrogallol poisoning." Kazan medical journal 43, no. 1 (October 17, 2021): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj83220.

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Prodanchuk, M. G., G. M. Balan, N. V. Kurdil, A. V. Basanets, P. G. Zhminko, and O. P. Kravchuk. "Chlorine gas: molecular mechanisms of toxicity, clinical manifestations, diagnostic biomarkers and modern treatment strategy." Ukrainian Journal of Modern Toxicological Aspects 92, no. 1 (November 11, 2022): 7–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-4570-2022-92-1-7-34.

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The hostilities on the territory of our state are accompanied by the destruction of the infrastructure of cities and industrial enterprises, which critically increased the risk of toxic gas emissions (including chlorine) and the occurrence of mass poisoning. Aim. To summarize modern knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of chlorine gas toxicity, clinical biomarkers of the toxic process, and modern treatment strategy. Material and Methods. Information data of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the State Emergency Service of Ukraine (SES of Ukraine), the American Health Service (CDC), the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC), materials of scientific libraries PubMed, Medline, Elsevier. Content analysis, systematic and comparative analysis were used. Results and their Discussion. Chemical accidents with the release of chlorine and the occurrence of mass poisonings are registered in various countries. Until now, the mechanisms of the toxic action of chlorine remain completely unstudied, especially at the level of intracellular structures. The results of recent studies demonstrate that irritant and irritant-necrotic effects are not directly caused by chlorine molecules, but by their hydration products – hydrochloric and hypochlorous acids. These acids directly provide a high production of reactive superoxides and nitrogen oxidants, which form oxidative stress in the epithelial cells of the mucous membrane of the bronchopulmonary structure in deeper tissues. The destruction of the cells of the ciliated epithelium occurs, the functioning of ion channels is disturbed and the permeability of cell membranes increases, inflammatory reactions develop: hyperemia, edema, bronchospasm, and surfactant destruction. These processes are facilitated by a massive release of biologically active substances – proinflammatory cytokines – IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, nuclear factor (NF-KB), 8-isoprostane and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-β) – one of the main biomarkers of oxidative stress. These processes cause: damage to intracellular structures – mitochondria; imbalance in the functioning of the signaling molecule cAMP and disruption of autophagy processes; a decrease in the energy potential of cells with the development of endothelial dysfunction, a violation of the vascular mechanisms of NO homeostasis, both in the cells of the respiratory tract and outside the lungs, which contributes to anatomical damage and impaired function of the organs of the cardiovascular system and kidneys. Conclusion. The mechanism of the toxic action of chlorine at the level of intracellular structures undoubtedly requires further study. Another relevant direction of research may be the search for new sensitive biomarkers of the toxic process, which will allow us to objectively assess the severity of poisoning and increase the effectiveness of the rather complex process of treating patients, in the absence of antidotes. Key Words: chlorine gas, toxicity, mechanism of action, acute poisoning, treatment of poisoning.

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Krishnamurti, Chandrasekhar, Saurabh Dalal, and Mounika Jonnavittula. "An incident of massive styrene monomer gas poisoning." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 5225. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20205208.

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Following a temporary and partial shutdown of the LG polymers factory for nearly 44 days due to the COVID-19 lockdown, routine maintenance of the plant was affected. At around 3 a.m. on 7May 2020, a failure of the refrigeration system and the inhibitor tank attached to the styrene storage tank, resulted in an auto polymerization reaction that caused nearly half of the 1800 tonnes styrene gas stored to leak into the atmosphere. Since the volatile organic compound detection system was defunct, no alert or alarm was raised and, driven by north easterly winds, a cloud of toxic styrene gas spread over a radius of nearly 3 km, affecting five villages in the vicinity. The pungent smell was initially mistaken by the residents as emanating from a fire accident or a COVID-19 sanitization measure in the vicinity. Following initial triage, over 350 victims were hospitalized in various hospitals. 254 symptomatic adults and 64 children were shifted to the Government King George hospital. The main symptoms were burning sensation of eyes, skin and throat, nausea, vomiting, diplopia, muscle twitching, breathlessness and loss of consciousness. Nearly 10,000 residents from five villages were evacuated to relief camps set up in the perimeter and given first aid and food. There were 11 human and 22 animal fatalities in the immediate vicinity. This incident reports the world’s first fatalities due to massive styrene poisoning

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Memchoubi, Supriya Keisam, Risilu Kamei, L. Bilasini Chanu, and H. Nabachandra. "Sewer Gas Poisoning: A Report of Two Cases." Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine 37, no. 3 (2015): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-0848.2015.00082.2.

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Hamaguchi, Mitsuhide, Toshifumi Uejima, Toru Kanai, Shusuke Kanazawa, Takaaki Kimura, Keiichi Yokoyama, and Ikuhiro Sakata. "Non-Clostridium Gas Gangrene after Carbon Monoxide Poisoning." Nihon Kyukyu Igakukai Zasshi 18, no. 9 (2007): 677–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3893/jjaam.18.677.

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Li, Yongkai, and Jianzhong Yang. "Occupational acute argon gas poisoning: A case report." Medicine 101, no. 36 (September 9, 2022): e30491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000030491.

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LINDQVIST, TORSTEN. "Nitrous Gas Poisoning among Welders using Acetylene Flame." Acta Medica Scandinavica 118, no. 1-3 (April 24, 2009): 210–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1944.tb17801.x.

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Lemoine, Tara J., Kristin Schoolman, Geoffrey Jackman, and Donald D. Vernon. "Unintentional Fatal Phosphine Gas Poisoning of a Family." Pediatric Emergency Care 27, no. 9 (September 2011): 869–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pec.0b013e3182348e40.

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Fatima, Safia, Ayesha Hafeez, and Muhammad Aamir. "The Spectrum of Toxicological Analysis in a Tertiary Care Setting-Pakistan." Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 72, no. 4 (August 26, 2022): 1172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v72i4.2918.

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Objective: To determine the frequency of opiate, cannabinoid, amphetamine, benzodiazepine, barbiturate, organophosphate, alcohol and related drugs of abuse poisonings in the tertiary care setting. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Toxicology & Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from Apr 2014 to Mar 2019. Methodology: Random sampling was done, and specimens of blood in an EDTA bottle, urine in a plain container and gastric lavage in a syringe were collected for drugs of abuse (Opiate, Cannabinoid, Amphetamine, Benzodiazepine, Barbiturate, Organophosphate) and alcohol. The screening was done on fluorescence immunoassay and Microarray Technology, while confirmation was done on Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for all drugs of abuse except alcohols and Gas Chromatography (GC-Head space) for alcohols. Results: 146,601 toxicological tests were divided into two categories according to request forms; clinical toxicological cases 92,333 (63 %) and forensic toxicology 54,268 (37%). The maximum no of cases were routine toxicological analysis of blood, urine, and gastric lavage, 89,169 (60.8%) tests, and emergency toxicology cases were only 1,708 (1.2%) tests in clinical toxicology. Forensic toxicology included a maximum of no cases of routine workplace testing (two drug panel testscannabinoid and opiate) 43,850 (29.9%), and post mortem toxicology cases were only 6912 (4.7%). The frequency of benzodiazepine poisoning was maximum 1390 (28.5%) than cannabinoid and opiate poisoning, i.e., 180 (3.7%) and 210 (4.3%) respectively, in clinical toxicology cases. The frequency of benzodiazepine poisoning was still maximum 501 (22.2%) than Cannabinoid, Amphetamine and opiate poisoning, which were....

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Zhao, Shixiang, Xiangguo Zeng, Yuntian Wang, Bosang Luo, and Fang Wang. "First-Principles Study of the Effect of Titanium Doping on Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Properties of Zirconium-Cobalt Alloys." Crystals 12, no. 8 (July 22, 2022): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12081015.

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It is very important to study impurity gas poisoning in ZrCo alloy because it is associated directly with the performance of ZrCo alloy as a hydrogen storage material. In this work, the effects of atomic replacement on the mechanism and properties of CO impurity gas poisoning in doped (Ti) ZrCo hydrogen storage alloys were investigated using the first principles method, based on the pseudopotential plane wave method. The adsorption energy, lattice constant, density of states, and charge density difference of the compounds before and after doping were calculated. Then, surface adsorption models of the ZrCo and Zr0.8Ti0.2Co alloys were established with the assistance of a conventional model. The resulting adsorption energy values of the clean surface and the surface adsorption energy values in the presence of CO impurity gases manifested that the Ti element-doped Zr0.8Ti0.2Co alloy was more susceptible to CO gas poisoning compared to ZrCo, which was consistent with the existing experimental results. In addition, by analyzing the conventional model, the electrons from the doped atoms overlapped with the surrounding electrons of C atoms, the phenomenon of orbital hybridization occurred, and the interactions increased. Consequently, Ti doping was not conducive to ZrCo to improve the ability to resist CO poisoning. The research results of this paper have laid a good foundation for the study of the effect of Ti doping on the antitoxicity performance.

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Kubicka, Magdalena, Paweł Dębiec, Joanna Wilk, Przemysław Szydłowski, Magdalena Makarewicz, Mikołaj Porzak, and Natalia Szyłkajtis. "Carbon monoxide poisoning - cases, pathophysiology, management." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 43, no. 1 (August 15, 2023): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2023.43.01.017.

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Carbon monoxide poisoning is a common clinical problem, especially in autumn and winter. Carbon monoxide is an odorless, colorless gas and poisoning causes hypoxia, cell damage and consequently, can lead to death. Carbon monoxide exposure is measured directly from blood samples and expressed as a percentage of carboxyhemoglobin or indirectly using carbon monoxide in the breath. Carboxyhemoglobin percentage is the most commonly used biomarker of carbon monoxide exposure. Although the diagnosis of carbon monoxide poisoning can be confirmed by the detection of elevated levels of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood, the presence of clinical signs after known exposure to carbon monoxide should not be ignored. Carbon monoxide poisoning can have lasting effects. Physicians evaluating patients with acute poisoning should initiate treatment with normobaric oxygen and consider treatment with hyperbaric oxygen. Often, complete recovery after poisoning may not be possible and you should then refer for the treatment of complications to appropriate specialists.

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