Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gas ranges

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Gas ranges'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 8 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Gas ranges"

1

Raal, J. David, and Wayne Michael Nelson. "Gas chromatograph calibration of gas mixtures using a versatile precision volumetric apparatus." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 5 (2022): 054108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0083028.

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A compact, volumetric apparatus was developed for accurate automated preparation of standard gas and gas–liquid mixtures for gas chromatograph detector calibration, with accuracies comparable to those from gravimetric or Coriolis flow methods. The method developed by the principal author is not an adaptation or extension of any other apparatus or technology, and measurements involve only stepper motor steps, temperature, and pressure ratios. Mixture preparation is accomplished via the displacement of gas between chambers in a highly uniform cylinder, separated by a movable piston. Piston movement, with piston end rods of exactly equal diameter, ensures that there is no change in interior volume, and the volume of gas displaced from the bottom into the top compartment is exactly proportional to the piston travel measured to within 10 μm. The apparatus, operation, and previously unpublished measurements on common refinery gas mixtures over large concentration ranges are described in detail. These confirmed the accuracy and versatility of the apparatus and also the principle of no pressure change during mixture preparation, from sensitive pressure measurements. Conservative expanded uncertainties in prepared mixture mole fraction ranged from 0.001 to 0.002 over extended composition ranges. Absolute average deviations for the detector response factor for the mixtures ranged from 0.001 to 0.002. An exact new mathematical solution procedure permits the use of impure “pure” gases without loss of accuracy and can be applied to other procedures for standard gas mixture preparation. An exact expression is listed for determining “pure” gas purity.
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Wong, R. J., J. J. Mahoney, J. A. Harvey, and A. L. Van Kessel. "StatPal II pH and Blood Gas Analysis System evaluated." Clinical Chemistry 40, no. 1 (1994): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/40.1.124.

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Abstract We evaluated a new portable instrument, the PPG StatPal II pH and Blood Gas Analysis System, designed for "point-of-care" measurements of blood gases and pH. Inaccuracy (% of target value) and imprecision (CV%) were assessed by blood tonometry and comparison with a Corning 178. Within-day results for PCO2 inaccuracy and imprecision ranged from 98.2% to 102.9% and 3.3% to 3.9%, respectively; for PO2, these were 95.5% to 102.3% and 2.3% to 3.0%, respectively. Between-day results for PCO2 inaccuracy and imprecision ranged from 99.2% to 99.3% and from 2.9% to 3.2%, respectively; for PO2, the ranges were 96.2% to 98.2% and 2.6% to 3.0%, respectively. Two PCO2 outliers (in 645 samples = 0.3%) were observed. In general, tonometry recovery, measurement stability, and pH bias results for the StatPal II and Corning 178 were comparable. We conclude that the StatPal II performs within acceptable ranges of inaccuracy and imprecision.
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Liu, Baolei, and Changxuan Li. "Mining and Analysis of Production Characteristics Data of Tight Gas Reservoirs." Processes 11, no. 11 (2023): 3159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11113159.

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The production characteristics of gas reservoirs are one of the important research subjects in gas reservoir development. To better guide the production development and strategy formulation of tight gas reservoirs, it is necessary to utilize data mining techniques to clarify the production characteristics of different reserves types of tight gas reservoirs. The production varies with the size of the recoverable reserves. In this study, 261 tight gas reservoirs worldwide were divided into three categories based on the size of their recoverable reserves. By considering the complete lifecycle of tight gas reservoirs, the production variations were classified into 16 production features, and these features were compiled into a dataset. Three algorithms, namely random forest, LightGBM, and CatBoost, were trained separately to analyze the relationship between the production characteristics and the size of the recoverable reserves of tight gas reservoirs. The objective was to define the production characteristics of tight gas reservoirs with different reserve sizes. Consequently, a set of production characteristic judgment rules that align with the size of the recoverable reserves of tight gas reservoirs was established. The findings revealed that LightGBM provided accurate predictions for the development characteristics of tight gas reservoirs with different reserve sizes. The production characteristics of large-scale tight gas reservoirs are as follows: the cumulative production at the end of the production increase phase ranges from 10 to 115.8 billion cubic meters, while the cumulative production at the end of the stable production phase ranges from 7.9 to 154.9 billion cubic meters. The peak production ranges from 2.3 to 3.8 billion cubic meters, and the decline period is estimated to last between 40 to 51 years. For medium-scale tight gas reservoirs, the production characteristics are as follows: the cumulative production at the end of the production increase phase ranges from 2.5 to 10 billion cubic meters, while the cumulative production at the end of the stable production phase ranges from 2.4 to 7.9 billion cubic meters. The peak production ranges from 0.8 to 2.3 billion cubic meters, and the decline period ranges from 20 to 40 years. As for small-scale tight gas reservoirs, the production characteristics are as follows: the cumulative production at the end of the production increase phase ranges from 0.1 to 2.5 billion cubic meters, while the cumulative production at the end of the stable production phase ranges from 0.2 to 2.4 billion cubic meters. The peak production ranges from 0.005 to 0.8 billion cubic meters, and the decline period ranges from 3 to 20 years. This study can provide potential references for the formulation of development technology policies for tight gas reservoirs and the assessment of reservoir production potential.
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Sustiyah, S. Dohong, N. P. Ariani, et al. "CH4 Emissions on Smallholder Plantations in The Tropical Peatlands of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1421, no. 1 (2024): 012003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1421/1/012003.

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Abstract The development of peatlands is considered a contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions originating from land clearing, burning, and land management. Greenhouse gas emissions are one of the factors causing climate change and global warming. One of the main greenhouse gas components of peatlands is methane. This study aims to determine the effect of conversion of peat land to smallholder plantations on the amount of CH4 emissions and the water table. This research was conducted in the smallholder farming at Kalampangan Village, Palangka Raya City, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The results showed that the conversion of peat land to smallholder plantations had an effect on CH4 emissions and the water table. CH4 emissions in oil palm plantations are higher and the water table is deeper than in dragon fruit plantations. CH4 emissions in oil palm plantations were 1.66-53.18 mg CH4 m−2 hours−1 and in dragon fruit orchards it ranged from 12.43-35.00 mg CH4 m−2hours−1. The water table values in oil palm plantations ranged from (-145.33- -196.67) cm and in peat land dragon fruit gardens ranged from 115.00-167.17 cm. CH4 emissions on peatlands before conversion were 0.42-3.92 mg m−2hours−1 and the water tabel value is (-69.48-+22.40) cm in rainy season conditions. This condition shows that the location of the smallerholder plantation land is in anaerobic conditions. The soil temperature in the chamber in the peatlands of oil palm plantations ranges between 27.20-38.60 °C, and in the peatlands of dragon fruit plantations ranges from 34.09-39.45°C. The soil temperature around the chamber in the peatlands of oil palm plantations ranges from 27.81-37.17 °C, and in the peatlands of dragon fruit plantations ranges from 32.51-38.59 °C.
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Hu, Shengbo, Qingkai Wang, Chunjiang Li, and Zhijun Li. "Threshold Ranges of Multiphase Components from Natural Ice CT Images Based on Watershed Algorithm." Water 16, no. 22 (2024): 3330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16223330.

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The multiphase components of natural ice contain gas, ice, unfrozen water, sediment and brine. X-ray computed tomography (CT) analysis of ice multiphase components has the advantage of high precision, non-destructiveness and visualization; however, it is limited by the segmentation thresholds. Due to the proximity of the CT value ranges of gas, ice, unfrozen water, sediment and brine within the samples, there is uncertainty in the artificial determination of the CT image segmentation thresholds, as well as unsuitability of the global threshold segmentation methods. In order to improve the accuracy of multi-threshold segmentation in CT images, a CT system was used to scan the Yellow River ice, the Wuliangsuhai lake ice and the Arctic sea ice. The threshold ranges of multiphase components within the ice were determined by watershed algorithm to construct a high-precision three-dimensional ice model. The results indicated that CT combined with watershed algorithm was an efficient and non-destructive method for obtaining microscopic information within ice, which accurately segmented the ice into multiphase components such as gas, ice, unfrozen water, sediment, and brine. The gas CT values of the Yellow River ice, the Wuliangsuhai lake ice and the Arctic sea ice ranged from −1024 Hu~−107 Hu, −1024 Hu~−103 Hu, and −1024 Hu~−160 Hu, respectively. The ice CT values of the Yellow River ice, the Wuliangsuhai lake ice and the Arctic sea ice ranged from −103 Hu~−50 Hu, −100 Hu~−38 Hu, −153 Hu~−51 Hu. The unfrozen water CT values of the Yellow River ice and the Wuliangsuhai lake ice ranged from −8 Hu~18 Hu, −8 Hu~13 Hu. The sediment CT values of the Yellow River ice and the Wuliangsuhai lake ice ranged from 20 Hu~3071 Hu, 20 Hu~3071 Hu, and the brine CT values of the Arctic sea ice ranged from −6 Hu~3071 Hu. The errors between the three-dimensional ice model divided by threshold ranges and measured sediment content were less than 0.003 g/cm3, which verified the high accuracy of the established microscopic model. It provided a scientific basis for ice engineering, ice remote sensing, and ice disaster prevention.
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Mohamad, A. H., J. T. Creed, T. M. Davidson, and J. A. Caruso. "Detection of Halogenated Compounds by Capillary Gas Chromatography with Helium Plasma Mass Spectrometry Detection." Applied Spectroscopy 43, no. 7 (1989): 1127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702894203714.

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A gas Chromatograph was coupled to a helium microwave-induced plasma mass spectrometer for the detection of halogenated hydrocarbons. The absolute detection limits for the chlorinated compounds investigated ranged from 9.2 to 21 picograms, while the detection limits for brominated and iodinated compounds ranged from 0.92 to 1.05 picograms. The linear dynamic ranges were found to be 2.5–3 orders of magnitude. The results obtained are compared with optical emission from this and other laboratories.
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Fadlilah, A., M. Jayadi, and M. Nathan. "Methane gas emissions (CH4) in paddy fields in Minasatene District, Pangkep Regency: Microbial abundance against increased methane gas." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1230, no. 1 (2023): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1230/1/012035.

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Abstract Global warming caused by various human activities results in increased concentrations of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. This causes the problem of climate change. One of the sources of Indonesia’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions comes from the agricultural sector. Methane (CH4) is the second most important greenhouse gas and has a global warming potential 25 times greater than CO2. Paddy fields contribute to GHG emissions due to the condition of the rice fields which are always flooded which produce gases such as CO2, N2O and Methane (CH4). This study aims to determine the effect of microbial abundance on increasing emissions of methane gas (CH4) in paddy fields. This research was conducted by collecting samples in the field with variations at 30th, 60th, and 90th day after planting (DAP). The results of laboratory analysis showed that the results of C-Organic analysis were 1.45-2.56%, the results of soil microbial abundance analysis for the total bacterial population ranged from 1.2 x 104 - 6.3 x 105 (CFU/g) and the results of analysis flux of CH4 at 30thDAP sampling from the three sample points ranged from 2.13 - 11.29 (mg/m2/hour). For the 60thDAP sample from the three sample points it ranges from 10.01 - 22.77 (mg/m2/hour). For the 90thDAP sample from the three sample points it ranges from 21.98 - 25.54 (mg/m2/hour). The results of the analysis of methane (CH4) emissions in one growing season show different values of methane emissions at different locations and sampling times.
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Cui, Ze Hong, Bin Ren, Zhao Hui Xia, et al. "Fine Description and Development Strategy of Fort Cooper Coal Measures in North Bowen Basin of Australia." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 1309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.1309.

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Based on the analysis of coring, logging and experimental data, fine evaluation on Fort Copper Coal Measures (FCCM) of Early Permian Blackwater Group in north Bowen Basin of Australia has been done. FCCM is a potential coal measure. Eight coal seams exist in FCCM. Laterally, they develop steadily. Seams of FCCM characterize interbedding with partings, high ash content, high gas content and mediate-low permeability. The content of partings, which are groups of siltstone, mudstone and tuff, ranges from 15% to 55%. The cumulative thickness of pure coal ranges from 40 to 60 m. The ash content ranges from 20% to 70%, averaging 45%. Coal seams gas content is as high as 7% to 15%, benefitting from the dense rock block effect on the top and bottom, as well as the interplayers. The permeability ranges from 0.1 to 10 mD laterally. Parameters above show FCCM has good developing potential. Western slope of Nebo syncline is suggested as the favorable area, considering its good developing factors such as shallow buried depth of coal seams, relatively high permeability and effective gas preserve environment. Meanwhile, gas in partings can be considered in collaborative development strategy. Developing gas along with ash will be the focus of future development evaluation.
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Basha, J. W., J. J. Sternlieb, V. O. Bjork, T. W. Gabrielson, and V. Hodges. "Clinical Evaluation of Bentley 10 Plus Bubble Oxygenator." Journal of ExtraCorporeal Technology 20 (1988): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ject/198820s044.

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This is the first clinical report evaluating the accuracy, safety and operative simplicity of the new BENTLEY 10 PLUS (B10+) bubble oxygenator to control pO2 and pCO2 independently. Eleven patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were randomly selected. The Bentley Gas Stat (BGS) was used to obtain blood gas values during CPB at five-minute intervals, (N = 270). BGS calibration values were recorded. Confirming blood gas samples were sent to the hospital laboratory at approximately 15-minute intervals to ensure accuracy of the BGS. Adjustments to the gas flow controller (GFC) and total gas flow (TGF) were made to maintain the pO2 and pCO2 with predetermined ranges, 100–150 torr and 38–42 torr, respectively. The number of adjustments required to maintain values within ranges, GFC settings, TGF settings, Hemoglobin, and visual signs of hemolysis (hemoglobin-urea) were charted. The B10+ unique gas flow control mechanism and central filming chamber enables the user to independently control pO2 and pCO2 during CPB: thus, A) maintain blood gases within physiologic ranges, B) reduces microgaseous emboli emission, C) reduces blood trauma and D) allows blood gas control similar to a membrane at significantly less cost. Use of a continuous on-line blood gas analyzer is recommended with this oxygenator.
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Haynes, Jeffrey M., and Robert G. Fishwick. "Verification of Assayed Blood Gas Quality Control Ranges." Respiratory Care 67, no. 4 (2022): 428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4187/respcare.09342.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gas ranges"

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Røstelien, Tonette. "Functional characterisation of olfactory receptor neurone types in heliothine moths : Identification of molecular receptive ranges by the use of single cell recordings linked to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-570.

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<p>When the study of this thesis was initiated, hardly any work had been carried out on how plant odour information was encoded by the olfactory RNs in heliothine moths. The method of gas chromatography linked to single cell recordings (GC-SCR) was employed and improved for identifying naturally occurring plant odorants that are detected by single RNs and can be considered as biologically relevant. Three species of the subfamily Heliothinae were included in this work, the two polyphagous <i>H. virescens </i>and <i>H. armigera</i> and the oligophagous <i>H. assulta</i>. The American <i>H. virescens</i> is geographically separated from the other two species. <i>H. armigera</i> and <i>H. assulta</i> are partly sympatric in Asia and Australia.</p><p>The aims of the thesis elucidated in Papers I-IV were as follows:</p><p>1. To identify plant produced volatiles detected by antennal RNs in the three species of the subfamily Heliothinae.</p><p>2. To elucidate whether the single RNs can be classified into distinct types according to their specificity.</p><p>3. To characterise the plant odour RN types by their molecular receptive ranges, sensitivity and specificity.</p><p>4. To compare the specificity of plant odour RN types across the three related species of Heliothinae, with the aim to reveal any differences in the peripheral olfactory system that may have evolved through evolution.</p>
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Savage, Lydia Yvonne. "A buyer's guide for range cooktops and microwave ovens." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39131.

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Orsini, Martin Cesar Daniel. "Geological reservoir modelling for Whicher Range Field tight gas sand." Thesis, Curtin University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/571.

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A poor understanding of the reservoir properties within the Whicher Range area has led to unsuccessful exploration and appraisal strategies. A key driver for this research is to develop a geological reservoir model on the tight gas sand Permian section in the southern Perth Basin that contribute to the development and production of the field by integrating core, well logs and analogue data within a sequence stratigraphic framework and generating a plausible depositional model that constrained the reservoir architecture and facies distribution over the field.
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Meanley, Peter. "The evolution of a range of salt glaze teapots." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342412.

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Sasaki, Hironobu, Toshio Fukuda, Masashi Satomi, and Naoyuki Kubota. "Growing neural gas for intelligent robot vision with range imaging camera." IEEE, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/13913.

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Schäfer, Robert [Verfasser], and Oskar von der [Akademischer Betreuer] Lühe. "Characterization of gas-based absolute detectors for the EUV energy range." Freiburg : Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1200352734/34.

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Kihlberg, David, and Amir Ebrahimi. "Wireless Gas Sensor Nodes : With focus on Long Range (LoRa) communication." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Elektroniska Kretsar och System, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-168669.

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Greenhouse gas emissions in indoor or outdoor areas are dangerous and can have short- or long-term effects on people’s health. There are several methods to monitor the air quality in such environments. This thesis project attempts to design and evaluate a wireless sensor network with two main characteristics such as long range and low power consumption. The sensor network is built upon Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) protocol and is composed of sensor nodes and gateways. The sensor nodes are built upon a Raspberry Pi model 3B, a LoRa SX1276 transceiver and gas sensors. The sensors are intended to measure CO2, CH4, temperature, pressure and relative humidity. The collected data is then logged and sent to The Things Network (TTN) via a backhaul connection.
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Tabasso, Alberto. "Spatially resolved measurement of photon fluxes from the JET divertor on the visible range." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286688.

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Abdullah, Abu Hasan. "The application of high inlet swirl angles for broad operating range turbocharger compressor." Thesis, University of Bath, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320555.

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Eshghi, Hosein. "Electron and hole transport in GaN and InGaN." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2237/.

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Books on the topic "Gas ranges"

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J, Miller R., and Ames Research Center, eds. Recent developments in gun operating techniques at the NASA Ames ballistic ranges. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1996.

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Bruckner, A. P. Investigation of advanced propulsion technologies: The RAM accelerator and the flowing gas radiation heater, NASA grant no. NAG 1-1288, final report, 1 July 1991 - 30 June 1992. Aerospace and Energetics Research Program, Dept. of Aeronautics, University of Washington, FL-10, 1992.

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Service, United States Forest. Peeler Gap shooting range, Ouachita National Forest, Fourche Ranger District, Arkansas. Forest Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1993.

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Kvenvolden, Keith A. Natural hydrocarbon gases in the Coast Range of southern Oregon. U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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Kvenvolden, Keith A. Natural hydrocarbon gases in the Coast Range of southern Oregon. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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Lahue, Kalton C. Ford Ranger & Bronco II: 1983-1988 : gas & diesel shop manual. 5th ed. Edited by Ahlstrand Alan. Clymer Publications, 1988.

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Lahue, Kalton C. Ford Ranger & Bronco II: 1983-1986 gas & diesel shop manual. 3rd ed. Edited by Ahlstrand Alan. Clymer Publications, 1986.

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Lahue, Kalton C. Ford Ranger & Bronco II: 1983-1987 gas & diesel shop manual. 4th ed. Edited by Ahlstrand Alan and Clymer Publications. Clymer Publications, 1987.

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Lahue, Kalton C. Ford Ranger & Bronco II: 1983-1984 gas & diesel shop manual. 2nd ed. Edited by Wauson Sydnie A. Clymer Publications, 1985.

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Ryu, In-Chang. Oil and gas potential of the southern Tyee basin, southern Oregon coast range. State of Oregon, Dept. of Geology and Mineral Industries, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gas ranges"

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Raizer, Yuri P., and John E. Allen. "Breakdown of Gases in Fields of Various Frequency Ranges." In Gas Discharge Physics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61247-3_7.

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Raizer, Yuri P., and John E. Allen. "Sustainment and Production of Equilibrium Plasma by Fields in Various Frequency Ranges." In Gas Discharge Physics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61247-3_11.

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Shekhar, Shashi, and Hui Xiong. "Range Combining." In Encyclopedia of GIS. Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35973-1_1074.

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Shekhar, Shashi, and Hui Xiong. "Range Query." In Encyclopedia of GIS. Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35973-1_1075.

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Shekhar, Shashi, and Hui Xiong. "Close Range." In Encyclopedia of GIS. Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35973-1_137.

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Shekhar, Shashi, and Hui Xiong. "Range Query Algorithm." In Encyclopedia of GIS. Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35973-1_1076.

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Karnapp, Sebastian Felix, Magnus von Elling, Erkut Sarikaya, Astrid Weyand, and Matthias Weigold. "Optimizing GHG-Emissions in Milling by Integrating Electricity Mix Data into Manufacturing Parameter Decisions." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-77429-4_54.

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AbstractIndustry is responsible for approximately 25% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, contributing substantially to climate change. Sustainable manufacturing has therefore become a significant topic of discussion, resulting in a better understanding of key GHG emitters in milling processes. This paper investigates the influence of different compositions of the German electricity mix on the CO2-eq. Emissions of a milled steel disc defined by the Product Carbon Footprint (PCF). Using more wind and solar energy reduces CO2-eq. Emissions significantly in comparison to an energy mix almost without green energy types. The cradle-to-gate PCF of the investigated steel workpiece ranges from 8.44 to 11.91 kg CO2-eq., corresponding to a 41.18% increase caused solely by alternations in the energy mix composition. Feed rate was selected as the parameter for the optimization of the PCF, suggesting maximizing the feed rate to shorten production times. Emissions directly attributable to the milling process can be reduced by 11.59% and 16.93%, respectively in the two scenarios. Expected increase in cost and varying surface quality due to increased tool wear were not part of this investigation. This approach demonstrates the potential for environmentally sustainable manufacturing strategies by integrating electricity mix data into manufacturing parameter decisions.
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Marlow, William H. "Long-Range Attraction in the Collisions of Free-Molecular and Transition Regime Aerosol Particles." In Rarefied Gas Dynamics. Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2467-6_52.

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Carpenter, Angela, and Amanda Reichelt-Brushett. "Oil and Gas." In Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10127-4_6.

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AbstractOil is a generic term that can cover a very wide range of natural hydrocarbon-based substances and also refined petrochemical products. Crude oiland petroleum products can have a range of physical properties on the basis of which their behaviour in the marine environment can differ widely. These properties range from viscosity (the rate at which liquid flows), density, and specific gravity (density relative to water).
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Sernagiotto, Franco. "Solution of Rayleigh'S Problem for the Whole Range of Knudsen Numbers." In Dinamica dei gas rarefatti. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11024-5_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gas ranges"

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De, Subhasis, Mi Bui, Renaldo Christmas, and Julian Gallardo. "Next-Generation SICIs: Versatile Solutions for Oil and Gas Field Chemical Applications." In CONFERENCE 2025. AMPP, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2025-00414.

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Abstract There is a growing need for multifunctional combination products not only to maintain integrity of operator assets in increasingly complex and harsher field conditions, but also to reduce chemical footprint and address a variety of application and logistical requirements while providing a cost-effective solution. Example of such requirements include addressing limited subsea umbilical or injection line, vacuum stability and / or gas lift applicability, suitability for capillary string application, neat product stability over wide range of temperature etc. However, most of the SICI (scale and corrosion inhibitor) formulations often lead to poor stability and performance issues due to the inherent chemical properties of the active components. Commercially available SICI products are limited to specific scale inhibitors combined with selected corrosion inhibitor chemistries only. The current work developed a wider selection of SICI products with greater application ranges. The new products have shown superior corrosion performance both in terms of general and localized corrosion under a varying degree of field conditions. The paper describes in detail the development test work carried out for formulation stability, corrosion, and scale performance under different conditions and details some of the key benefits over 1st generation SICI technology.
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Pugh, D. V., S. L. Asher, J. Cai, et al. "Top-of-Line Corrosion Mechanism for Sour Wet Gas Pipelines." In CORROSION 2009. NACE International, 2009. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2009-09285.

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Abstract Large diameter subsea pipelines operating mainly in stratified flow are being used across the world for wet gas transportation over significant distances from offshore fields to onshore facilities. Understanding corrosion mechanism occurring at the top of the line under dewing conditions is a key component of operations corrosion management strategy to ensure long-term pipeline integrity. The challenge in predicting corrosion in sour systems is due to the varied nature of iron sulfide scales formed over the expected subsea pipeline temperature ranges and condensation rates that result in different corrosion mechanisms. Current industry practice is to use sweet corrosion prediction methodologies to establish the risk of top of line corrosion in sour systems. This paper will demonstrate through field validated laboratory results that this approach may be inadequate and propose operational practices to manage the risk of top of line corrosion in large diameter subsea wet gas pipelines.
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Podunavac, Jovica, Nenad Tomić, Mladen Tomić, Aleksandar Anđelković, Miroslav Kljajić, and Predrag Živković. "Determining gas and gas mixture viscosity across wide temperature ranges: Refinements and predictive models." In SimTerm Proceedings 2024 - 21st International Conference on Thermal Science and Engineering of Serbia : [proceedings], Niš, 22-25.10.2024. University of Niš, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Serbia, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5937/simterm24349p.

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This study delves into refining the ideal gas viscosity equation by introducing amendments that account for temperature variations and critical temperature ratios across diverse ideal gases. The investigation involves comparing the adjusted formula with empirical data obtained from various gases under extreme conditions, including ultra-critical temperatures and near-critical points like for water and carbon dioxide. The primary objective is to enhance the equation's accuracy and applicability. The research proposes novel modifications integrating a temperature-dependent dumping coefficient and a redefined temperature exponent. These adjustments aim to capture gas behavior across a wider spectrum of temperatures, pressures, and gas compositions. Building upon foundational works in gas dynamics and molecular theory, this study bridges the gap between theoretical formulations and empirical observations. To validate these modifications, empirical data from gases under diverse conditions, including ultra-critical temperatures and mixtures, were utilized. Notably, the study's focus extends to analyzing gases under extreme conditions, highlighting the formula's improved predictive capability, and assessing its performance against complex gas mixtures using software-generated data. The findings reveal that these proposed adjustments significantly enhance the equation's alignment with real-world observations. Specifically, the analysis showcases improved predictive accuracy, especially in extreme gas conditions, and promising results when evaluating complex gas mixtures. These modifications offer a more comprehensive framework for estimating viscosity across a broad range of gas types and conditions, thereby enhancing the predictive power of the ideal gas viscosity equation.
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Koyama, K., and Y. Asako. "Heat Exchange Characteristics of a Gas-Gas Counterflow Microchannel Heat Exchanger." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67070.

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Heat exchange characteristics of a gas-gas counterflow microchannel heat exchanger have been investigated experimentally. The microchannel has a rectangular cross section with 200 μm high and 300 μm wide. Working fluid is air. Reynolds number in the hot passage ranges from 127 to 381, and that in the cold passage ranges from 25 to 381. Temperatures and pressures at inlets and outlets of the heat exchanger have been measured to obtain heat transfer rates and pressure losses. The heat exchange and the pressure loss characteristics of the tested microchannel heat exchanger are discussed. Since the partition wall of the heat exchanger is thick comparing with the microchannel dimensions, a simple heat exchange model, the wall temperature of which is constant, is proposed to predict the heat transfer rate. The predicted heat transfer rates are compared with those of the experimental results and both results agree well.
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Ainsworth, R. B., P. M. Stephenson, D. A. Johnson, and R. J. Seggie. "Predicting Connected Hydrocarbon Volume Uncertainty Ranges: From Static Fault Model to Dynamic Simulator." In SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/64429-ms.

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Bari, Abdullahel, Jae-Mo Koo, Linan Jiang, Jay Paidipati, and Kenneth E. Goodson. "Frictional Characteristics of Microchannel Gas Flow." In ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icmm2003-1034.

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The improved rates of heat transfer in microchannel gas flows are promising for the design and development of microfluidic systems. This research focuses on the flow characteristics of air in rectangular micro/minichannels at moderate velocities (∼100 m/sec). The 50.8 mm long channels vary from approximately 266 μm to 1090 μm in hydraulic diameter, and the aspect ratio ranges from 0.1 to 0.75. The value of Re ranged from 250 to 4300, with the intention of studying the transition to turbulence. The friction factor is found to be higher than predicted values for Re &lt; 1400 and lower when Re &gt; 1400 suggesting earlier transition to turbulence.
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Simon, H. "Design Concept and Performance of a Multistage Integrally Geared Centrifugal Compressor Series for Maximum Efficiencies and Operating Ranges." In ASME 1987 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/87-gt-43.

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By its very design principle, the multistage integrally geared centrifugal compressor offers a number of advantages over other compressor concepts. They lead to distinctly higher machine efficiencies and wider operating ranges.
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Viladevall, M. "Soil-gas radon in the Catalonian coastal ranges (North-Eastern Spain): Preliminary results." In 4th EEGS Meeting. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201407205.

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Radojevic, Dean, Andrey Palitsyn, and Alexander Krasovsky. "Lightweight Cement Slurry Design Optimization for Cementing High Flow-Rate Wells in Low-Temperature Ranges (Russian)." In SPE Russian Oil and Gas Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/114773-ru.

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Temelkov, K. A., N. K. Vuchkov, and N. V. Sabotinov. "New powerful metal vapor lasers oscillating in deep ultraviolet and middle infrared spectral ranges." In 18th International Symposium on Gas Flow & Chemical Lasers & High Power Lasers, edited by Tanja Dreischuh, Petar A. Atanasov, and Nikola V. Sabotinov. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.876966.

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Reports on the topic "Gas ranges"

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Vaughn, Tim, Khalid Zineddin, and Daniel Olsen. PR-179-19601-R01 Evaluation of On-line Analyzers for Measurement of Multiple Gas Contaminants - Blinded. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012001.

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Operating companies currently use several analyzers per location to monitor gas streams throughout their operations. By replacing multiple analyzers with a single analyzer capable of measuring multiple contaminants, both capital and operations and maintenance expenditures can be reduced. This work evaluates the measurement ranges, accuracy, and reliability of several commercially available online analyzers. Both contaminant (CO2, O2, H2S, and H2O) and non-contaminant (CH4, C2H6, etc.) species were measured within gas blends typical of the natural gas transportation industry. The results of this report are blinded as to meter manufacturers and models.
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Vaughn, Tim, Khalid Zineddin, and Daniel Olsen. PR-179-19601-R02 Evaluation of Online Analyzers for Measurement of Multiple Gas Contaminants - Member Only. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012000.

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Operating companies currently use several analyzers per location to monitor gas streams throughout their operations. By replacing multiple analyzers with a single analyzer capable of measuring multiple contaminants, both capital and operations and maintenance expenditures can be reduced. This work evaluates the measurement ranges, accuracy, and reliability of several commercially available online analyzers. Both contaminant (CO2, O2, H2S, and H2O) and non-contaminant (CH4, C2H6, etc.) species were measured within gas blends typical of the natural gas transportation industry. This report version includes participating vendor information and is only intended for members.
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Johnsson, Erik L. Study of the technology for detecting pre-ignition conditions of cooking-related fires associated with electric and gas ranges and cooktops, final report. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.5950.

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Madrzykowski, Daniel. Firefighter Equipment Operational Environment: Evaluation of Thermal Conditions. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/igfm4492.

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The goal of this study was to review the available literature to develop a quantitative description of the thermal conditions firefighters and their equipment are exposed to in a structural fire environment. The thermal exposure from the modern fire environment was characterized through the review of fire research studies and fire-ground incidents that provided insight and data to develop a range of quantification. This information was compared with existing standards for firefighting protective equipment to generate a sense of the gap between known information and the need for improved understanding. The comparison of fire conditions with the thermal performance requirements of firefighter protective gear and equipment demonstrates that a fire in a compartment can generate conditions that can fail the equipment that a firefighter wears or uses. The review pointed out the following: 1. The accepted pairing of gas temperature ranges with a corresponding range of heat fluxes does not reflect all compartment fire conditions. There are cases in which the heat flux exceeds the hazard level of the surrounding gas temperature. 2. Thermal conditions can change within seconds. Experimental conditions and incidents were identified in which firefighters would be operating in thermal conditions that were safe for operation based on the temperature and heat flux, but then due to a change in the environment the firefighters would be exposed to conditions that could exceed the protective capabilities of their PPE. 3. Gas velocity is not explicitly considered within the thermal performance requirements. Clothing and equipment tested with a hot air circulating (convection) oven are exposed to gas velocities that measure approximately 1.5 m/s (3 mph). In contrast, the convected hot gas flows within a structure fire could range from 2.3 m/s (5 mph) to 7.0 m/s (15 mph). In cases where the firefighter or equipment would be located in the exhaust portion of a flow path, while operating above the level of the fire, the hot gas velocity could be even higher. This increased hot gas velocity would serve to increase the convective heat transfer rate to the equipment and the firefighter, thereby reducing the safe operating time within the structure. 4. Based on the limited data available, it appears currently available protective clothing enables firefighters to routinely operate in conditions above and beyond the "routine" conditions measured in the fire-ground exposure studies conducted during the 1970s. The fire service and fire standards communities could benefit from an improved understanding of: • real world fire-ground conditions, including temperatures, heat flux, pressure, and chemical exposures; • the impact of convection on the thermal resistance capabilities of firefighting PPE and equipment; and • the benefits of balancing the thermal exposures (thermal performance requirements) across different components of firefighter protective clothing and safety equipment. Because it is unlikely due to trade offs in weight, breathe-ability, usability, cost, etc., that fireproof PPE and equipment will ever be a reality, fire officers and fire chiefs need to consider the capabilities of the protection that their firefighters have when determining fire attack strategies and tactics to ensure that the PPE and equipment is kept within its design operating environment, and that the safety buffer it provides is maintained.
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Stevens, R. D., B. V. Chapnik, and B. Howe. L51960 Acoustical Pipe Lagging Systems Design and Performance. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010392.

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Noise levels radiated from the exterior of a pipe wall can significantly contribute to the overall noise levels on the site of a gas plant and at neighboring properties. The noise inside the piping is generated both by the gas compressor itself, and by the flow of gas through valves, elbows and fittings. Sound inside the pipe couples to the pipe wall by exciting vibration modes, some of which are radiated from the exterior of the pipe into the air. Piping is geometrically circular, which provides it with considerable increased stiffness versus a flat plate, and thereby assists in its ability to contain low frequency sound inside the pipe. At high frequencies, where the wavelength of sound is short compared to the dimensions of the pipe, the response of the pipe approaches that of a flat plate, and considerably more sound is transmitted. Between the low and high frequency ranges lies the ring frequency, at which the wavelength of sound is equal to the circumference of the pipe; at this resonant frequency, a maximum amount of noise is transmitted out the pipe wall. For smaller pipe sizes, the ring frequency occurs above 5 kHz. For larger pipe sizes on the order of 24 inches to 36 inches, the ring frequency occurs in the range 1 kHz to 3 kHz. These frequencies fall in the most audible range of the sound spectrum. Low frequency sound is not usually of concern for pipe radiated noise, unless the source generates considerably low frequency energy. Acoustical lagging systems typically include one or more layers of porous insulation, to absorb sound and decouple vibration, and one or more layers of an impervious, heavy barrier material to contain the sound. The test configurations for this study were based on systems reported as commonly being used by PRCI member companies. Most of the member companies use fixed-in-place lagging configurations in which the various materials are applied in discrete layers to the pipe during installation. Self-contained, removable blanket systems are also in use by some member companies instead of fixed-in-place configurations, or around equipment such as valves where periodic removal of the lagging is necessary. This study provides a review of acoustic lagging systems for above ground gas piping to minimize noise.
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George, Jowers, and Grimley. PR-015-08605-R01 Assessment of Orifice Meter Flow Measurements with Low Differential Pressures - Unblinded. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010948.

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Measurement of natural gas flow with an orifice meter is a well-established methodology; however, orifice measurement accuracy is of concern when flow rates are low and the differential pressure (DP) across the orifice is at the extreme low end of common DP transmitter ranges. This research evaluated the performance of multiple types of transmitters in 10-inch and 4-inch orifice meter runs at differential pressures approaching 1 inch of water column (1� H2O), simulating low flow transmission meter stations and depleted production well stations. The results were analyzed to characterize and better understand the uncertainties and measurement errors associated with orifice meters operating with small bore diameters and low DPs. Transmitters tested included typical DP transmitters with stated accuracies of 0.1% of full scale, DP transmitters with stated accuracies as a percent of reading; and high-frequency-response DP transmitters. Data acquisition methods, transmitter technologies, and various calibrated measurement spans were studied for their potential to improve orifice meter accuracy at low DP conditions. This is an un-blinded report.
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George, Jowers, and Grimley. PR-015-08605-R02 Assessment of Orifice Meter Flow Measurements with Low Differential Pressures. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010040.

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Measurement of natural gas flow with an orifice meter is a well-established methodology; however, orifice measurement accuracy is of concern when flow rates are low and the differential pressure (DP) across the orifice is at the extreme low end of common DP transmitter ranges. This research evaluated the performance of multiple types of transmitters in 10-inch and 4-inch orifice meter runs at differential pressures approaching 1 inch of water column (1� H2O), simulating low flow transmission meter stations and depleted production well stations. The results were analyzed to characterize and better understand the uncertainties and measurement errors associated with orifice meters operating with small bore diameters and low DPs. Transmitters tested included typical DP transmitters with stated accuracies of 0.1% of full scale, DP transmitters with stated accuracies as a percent of reading; and high-frequency-response DP transmitters. Data acquisition methods, transmitter technologies, and various calibrated measurement spans were studied for their potential to improve orifice meter accuracy at low DP conditions. This is an blinded report.
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George and Hawley. PR-015-09605-R01 Extended Low Flow Range Metering. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010728.

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Natural gas meters are often used to measure flows below their minimum design flow rate. This can occur because of inaccurate flow projections, widely varying flow rates in the line, a lack of personnel available to change orifice plates, and other causes. The use of meters outside their design ranges can result in significant measurement errors. The objectives of this project were to examine parameters that contribute to measurement error at flow rates below 10% of a meters capacity, determine the expected range of error at these flow rates, and establish methods to reduce measurement error in this range. The project began with a literature search of prior studies of orifice, turbine, and ultrasonic meters for background information on their performance in low flows. Two conditions affecting multiple meter types were identified for study. First, temperature measurement errors in low flows can influence the accuracy of all three meter types, though the effect of a given temperature error can differ among the meter types. Second, thermally stratified flows at low flow rates are known to cause measurement errors in ultrasonic meters that cannot compensate for the resulting flow profiles, and the literature suggested that these flows could also affect orifice plates and turbine meters. Several possible ways to improve temperature measurements in low flows were also identified for further study. Next, an analytical study focused on potential errors due to inaccurate temperature measurements. Numerical tools were used to model a pipeline with different thermowell and RTD geometries. The goals were to estimate temperature measurement errors under different low-flow conditions, and to identify approaches to minimize temperature and flow rate errors. Thermal conduction from the pipe wall to the thermowell caused the largest predicted bias in measured temperature, while stratified temperatures in the flow caused relatively little temperature bias. Thermally isolating the thermowell from the pipe wall, or using a bare RTD, can minimize temperature bias, but are not usually practical approaches. Insulation of the meter run and the use of a finned thermowell design were practical methods predicted to potentially improve measurement accuracy, and were chosen for testing.
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Robinson, James P. Provisional Geologic Map of the Gold Hill Quadrangle, Tooele County, Utah (GIS Reproduction of UGS Map 140 [1993]). Utah Geological Survey, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/m-301dr.

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The Gold Hill quadrangle is on the northern end of the Deep Creek Range, approximately 65 kilometers (40 miles) south southeast of Wendover, Utah and 20 kilometers (12 miles) east of the Nevada border. The Deep Creek Range is a north-trending fault-bounded range exemplifying the ranges in the northern Basin and Range physiographic province. Dutch Mountain, approximately 7.2 kilometers (4.5 miles) north-northwest of Gold Hill town, is the highest point in the Gold Hill quadrangle at 2,372 meterc (7,794 feet). Lowlands, south of Dutch Mountain and west of Gold Hill town, range in elevation from 1,877 meters (6,160 feet) to 1,582 meters (5,190 feet) and are, in part, underlain by a pediment eroded on Eocene quartzmonzonite and Paleozoic strata. In the northeastern corner of the quadrangle, surficial deposits of Pleistocene Lake Bonneville occur at elevations ranging from 1,591 meters (5,220 feet) to 1 ,292 meters (4,240 feet). Abrupt boundaries between the mountains and lowlands in the Gold Hill quadrangle are illustrative of Basin and Range physiography.
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Hagen Schempf and Daphne D'Zurko. Long-Range Untethered Real-Time Live Gas Main Robotic Inspection System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/892746.

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