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Journal articles on the topic 'Gas saturation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Zhanabaev, Z. Zh. "SATURATION OF GAS CONCENTRATION SIGNAL OF THE LASER GAS SENSOR." Eurasian Physical Technical Journal 21, no. 3(49) (2024): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2024no3/71-80.

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Nowadays it is possible to determine the type of gas with sufficient accuracy when its concentration is less than fractions using spectroscopic methods (optical, radio engineering, acoustic). Along with this, the value of permissible concentrations of explosive, toxic, harmful to technology and ecology gases is practically important. Known physical experimental studies indicate only a linear dependence of the response of a laser gas sensor at units . The research methods for units are based on the processes of combustion, micro-explosion, structural and phase transformations and are not always

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2

Lekia, S. D. L., and R. D. Evans. "A Water-Gas Relative Permeability Relationship for Tight Gas Sand Reservoirs." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 112, no. 4 (1990): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2905766.

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This paper presents a new approach for the analyses of laboratory-derived capillary pressure data for tight gas sands. The method uses the fact that a log-log plot of capillary pressure against water saturation is a straight line to derive new expressions for both wetting and nonwetting phase relative permeabilities. The new relative permeability equations are explicit functions of water saturation and the slope of the log-log straight line of capillary pressure plotted against water saturation. Relative permeabilities determined with the new expressions have been successfully used in simulati

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3

Wei, Benchi, Xiangrong Nie, Zonghui Zhang, et al. "Zoning Productivity Calculation Method of Fractured Horizontal Wells in High-Water-Cut Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs under Complex Seepage Conditions." Processes 11, no. 12 (2023): 3308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11123308.

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Tight sandstone gas reservoirs generally contain water. Studying the impact of water content on the permeability mechanism of tight gas reservoirs is of positive significance for the rational development of gas reservoirs. Selected cores from a tight sandstone gas reservoir in the Ordos Basin were used to establish the variation in its seepage mechanism under different water saturations. The experimental results show that the gas slip factor in tight water-bearing gas reservoirs decreases as the water saturation increases. The stress sensitivity coefficient and the threshold pressure gradient

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4

Meng, Mianmo, Yinghao Shen, Hongkui Ge, Xiaosong Xu, and Yang Wu. "The Effect of Fracturing Fluid Saturation on Natural Gas Flow Behavior in Tight Reservoirs." Energies 13, no. 20 (2020): 5278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205278.

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Hydraulic fracturing becomes an essential method to develop tight gas. Under high injection pressure, fracturing fluid entering into the formation will reduce the flow channel. To investigate the influence of water saturation on gas flow behavior, this study conducted the gas relative permeability with water saturation and the flow rate with the pressure gradient at different water saturations. As the two dominant tight gas-bearing intervals, the Upper Paleozoic Taiyuan and Shihezi Formations deposited in Ordos Basin were selected because they are the target layers for holding vast tight gas.

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5

Zhou, Y., J. O. Helland, and D. G. Hatzignatiou. "Computation of Three-Phase Capillary Pressure Curves and Fluid Configurations at Mixed-Wet Conditions in 2D Rock Images." SPE Journal 21, no. 01 (2016): 152–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/170883-pa.

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Summary In this study, we present a three-phase, mixed-wet capillary bundle model with cross sections obtained from a segmented 2D rock image, and apply it to simulate gas-invasion processes directly on images of Bentheim sandstone after two-phase saturation histories consisting of primary drainage, wettability alteration, and imbibition. We calculate three-phase capillary pressure curves, corresponding fluid configurations, and saturation paths for the gas-invasion processes and study the effects of mixed wettability and saturation history by varying the initial water saturation after primary

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6

Zhou, Yingfang, Dimitrios Georgios Hatzignatiou, Johan Olav Helland, Yulong Zhao, and Jianchao Cai. "Pore-Scale Modelling of Three-Phase Capillary Pressure Curves Directly in Uniformly Wet Rock Images." Geofluids 2021 (January 5, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6622079.

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In this work, we developed a semianalytical model to compute three-phase capillary pressure curves and associated fluid configurations for gas invasion in uniformly wet rock images. The fluid configurations and favorable capillary entry pressures are determined based on free energy minimization by combining all physically allowed three-phase arc menisci. The model was first validated against analytical solutions developed in a star-shaped pore space and subsequently employed on an SEM image of Bentheim sandstone. The simulated fluid configurations show similar oil-layer behavior as previously

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Wei, Jiangong, Tingting Wu, Xiuli Feng, et al. "Physical Properties of Gas Hydrate-Bearing Pressure Core Sediments in the South China Sea." Geofluids 2021 (April 29, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6636125.

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Gas hydrates are a potential future energy resource and are widely distributed in marine sediments and permafrost areas. The physical properties and mechanical behavior of gas hydrate-bearing sediments are of great significance to seafloor stability and platform safety. In 2013, a large number of pressure cores were recovered during China’s second gas hydrate drilling expedition in the South China Sea. In this study, we determined the gas hydrate distribution, saturation, physical properties, and mechanical behavior of the gas hydrate-bearing sediments by conducting Multi-Sensor Core Logger me

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8

Kantzas, Apostolos, Minghua Ding, and Jong Lee. "Residual Gas Saturation Revisited." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 4, no. 06 (2001): 467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/75116-pa.

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Summary The determination of residual gas saturation in gas reservoirs from long spontaneous and forced-imbibition tests is addressed in this paper. It is customarily assumed that when a gas reservoir is overlaying an aquifer, water will imbibe into the gas-saturated zone with the onset of gas production. The process of gas displacement by water will lead to forced imbibition in areas of high drawdown and spontaneous imbibition in areas of low drawdown. It is further assumed that in the bulk of the reservoir, spontaneous imbibition will prevail and the reservoir will be water-wet. A final assu

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9

Sengupta, Madhumita, and Gary Mavko. "Impact of flow‐simulation parameters on saturation scales and seismic velocity." GEOPHYSICS 68, no. 4 (2003): 1267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1598119.

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Scales of fluid saturation below seismic resolution introduce uncertainties in the interpretation of seismic velocity. A “coarse‐scale” or “patchy” distribution always has a higher effective seismic velocity than a “fine‐scale” or “uniform” distribution. We present a multidisciplinary study which links rock physics and seismic modeling with reservoir engineering, and provides strategies to reduce uncertainties in saturation scales. In our study, we performed fine‐scale flow simulations that helped us to understand which reservoir parameters control the subseismic‐resolution fluid distribution.

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10

Sahoo, Sourav K., Laurence J. North, Hector Marín-Moreno, Tim A. Minshull, and Angus I. Best. "Laboratory observations of frequency-dependent ultrasonic P-wave velocity and attenuation during methane hydrate formation in Berea sandstone." Geophysical Journal International 219, no. 1 (2019): 713–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz311.

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SUMMARY Knowledge of the effect of methane hydrate saturation and morphology on elastic wave attenuation could help reduce ambiguity in seafloor hydrate content estimates. These are needed for seafloor resource and geohazard assessment, as well as to improve predictions of greenhouse gas fluxes into the water column. At low hydrate saturations, measuring attenuation can be particularly useful as the seismic velocity of hydrate-bearing sediments is relatively insensitive to hydrate content. Here, we present laboratory ultrasonic (448–782 kHz) measurements of P-wave velocity and attenuation for

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11

Knight, Rosemary, Jack Dvorkin, and Amos Nur. "Acoustic signatures of partial saturation." GEOPHYSICS 63, no. 1 (1998): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444305.

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The relationship between elastic wave velocities and water saturation in a water/gas reservoir depends strongly on whether saturation is heterogeneous (patchy) or homogeneous. Heterogeneity in saturation may result from lithologic heterogeneity because under conditions of capillary equilibrium, different lithologies within a reservoir can have different saturations, depending on their porosities and permeabilities. We investigate this phenomenon by generating models of a reservoir in which we control the distribution of lithologic units and theoretically determine the corresponding velocity‐sa

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12

Marsh, Roger, Rafay Ansari, David Chace, and Keith Boyle. "Gas saturation measurement in low-porosity sands." APPEA Journal 51, no. 2 (2011): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj10124.

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Traditionally, pulsed neutron data has been used to calculate water saturation and/or monitor gas/water contacts in zones of high formation water salinity. In low or unknown salinities carbon/oxygen measurements have been used for oil saturation measurements in porosities greater than 15%. In tight gas sands, porosities are typically less than 10% and are too low for either method to work. In gas sands with low or unknown water salinities and porosities below 15%, neither Sigma or C/O measurements will work. New pulsed neutron instrumentation and methodology are available for through-casing ga

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13

Lu, Shaoming, and George A. McMechan. "Estimation of gas hydrate and free gas saturation, concentration, and distribution from seismic data." GEOPHYSICS 67, no. 2 (2002): 582–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1468619.

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Gas hydrates contain a major untapped source of energy and are of potential economic importance. The theoretical models to estimate gas hydrate saturation from seismic data predict significantly different acoustic/elastic properties of sediments containing gas hydrate; we do not know which to use. Thus, we develop a new approach based on empirical relations. The water‐filled porosity is calibrated (using well‐log data) to acoustic impedance twice: one calibration where gas hydrate is present and the other where free gas is present. The water‐filled porosity is used in a combination of Archie e

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14

Li, Kewen, Kevin Chow, and Roland N. Horne. "Influence of Initial Water Saturation on Recovery by Spontaneous Imbibition in Gas/Water/Rock Systems and the Calculation of Relative Permeability." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 9, no. 04 (2006): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/99329-pa.

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Summary It has been a challenge to understand why recovery by spontaneous imbibition could both increase and decrease with initial water saturation. To this end, mathematical models were developed with porosity, permeability, viscosity, relative permeability, capillary pressure, and initial water saturation included. These equations foresee that recovery and imbibition rate can increase, remain unchanged, or decrease with an increase in initial water saturation, depending on rock properties, the quantity of residual gas saturation, the range of initial water saturation, and the units used in t

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15

Namdar Zanganeh, M., S. I. I. Kam, T. C. C. LaForce, and W. R. R. Rossen. "The Method of Characteristics Applied to Oil Displacement by Foam." SPE Journal 16, no. 01 (2010): 8–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/121580-pa.

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Summary Solutions obtained by the method of characteristics (MOC) provide key insights into complex foam enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) displacements and the simulators that represent them. Most applications of the MOC to foam have excluded oil. We extend the MOC to foam flow with oil, where foam is weakened or destroyed by oil saturations above a critical oil saturation and/or weakened or destroyed at low water saturations, as seen in experiments and represented in foam simulators. Simulators account for the effects of oil and capillary pressure on foam using algorithms that bring foam strength

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16

Zhang, Rui, Yang Gao, Yanbin Zhang, et al. "Gas and Water Seepage of Tight Gas and Its Application in Well Production Analysis." Geofluids 2023 (January 31, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5157780.

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Changqing tight gas field has been on fashion among China in recent years. Figuring out gas and water seepage behaviors matters a lot for maximizing gas reservoir recovery. One tool for that is to conduct two-phase seepage experiment and reveal seepage features. Experiments show that gas or water’s flowing capacity has a directly positive relationship with its saturation. The larger saturation, the higher permeability. Thus, one method of determining whether a gas well produces water or not is to compare the initial water saturation with its starting-flowing saturation. If the initial gas or w

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17

Nesterov, S. B., and R. O. Kondratenko. "Construction of gas saturation curve." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 44, no. 5-6 (2008): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10556-008-9059-x.

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18

Liu, Zhidi, and Jingzhou Zhao. "An Experimental Study of Velocity-Saturation Relationships in Volcanic Rocks." Open Petroleum Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (2015): 142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874834101508010142.

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In this paper, experiments are carried out under different pressures and water saturations using core samples of volcanic rocks from the Junggar Basin in China to understand how water saturation affects P- and S-wave velocities. The results show that water saturated rocks exhibit significantly higher P- and S-wave velocities than gas saturated rocks. In addition, the P- and S-wave velocity ratio declines with increasing water saturation. Furthermore, a P- and S-wave velocity ratio vs. resistivity cross plot is created to identify gas reservoirs in the volcanic rocks in the Junggar Basin.

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19

Xu, Jingling, Lei Xu, and Yuxing Qin. "Two effective methods for calculating water saturations in shale-gas reservoirs." GEOPHYSICS 82, no. 3 (2017): D187—D197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0462.1.

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Water saturation is one of the most important parameters in petroleum exploration and development. However, its calculation has been limited by the insufficient logging data required by a new technique that further influences the calculation of the free gas content. The accuracy of water saturation estimates is also a critical issue because it controls whether or not we can obtain an accurate gas saturation estimate. Organic matter plays an important role in shale-gas reservoirs, and the total organic carbon (TOC) indirectly controls the gas content and gas saturation. Hence, water saturation

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20

Ojha, Maheswar, Kalachand Sain, and Timothy A. Minshull. "Assessment of gas-hydrate saturations in the Makran accretionary prism using the offset dependence of seismic amplitudes." GEOPHYSICS 75, no. 2 (2010): C1—C6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3315861.

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We estimate the saturations of gas hydrate and free gas based on measurements of seismic-reflection amplitude variation with offset (AVO) for a bottom-simulating reflector coupled with rock-physics modeling. When we apply the approach to data from a seismic line in the Makran accretionary prism in the Arabian Sea, the results reveal lateral variations of gas-hydrate and free-gas saturations of 4–29% and 1–7.5%, respectively, depending on the rock-physics model used to relate seismic velocity to saturation. Our approach is simple and easy to implement.

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21

Lyu, Zhou, Zhilun Yang, Yuhong Hao, et al. "Saturation Height Modelling for Tight Sandstone Reservoirs with Gas Diffusion Dynamics Taken into Account." Geofluids 2023 (October 3, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5583636.

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Interpreting and predicting the saturation of tight sandstone gas reservoirs are the key task to improve the reservoir development. The role of gas diffusion dynamics is stronger than that of buoyancy during the gas accumulation of tight sandstone reservoirs. In this study, a saturation height model that takes gas diffusion dynamics into account is proposed, which can complement logging saturation interpretation and provide a better practice in saturation prediction. Taking the study of the Sulige tight sandstone gas reservoir in China as an example, the saturation height model compares the co

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22

Closmann, P. J. "Studies of Critical Gas Saturation During Gas Injection." SPE Reservoir Engineering 2, no. 03 (1987): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/12335-pa.

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23

Minh, Chanh Cao, Robert Freedman, Steve Crary, and Darrel Cannon. "Integration of NMR With Other Openhole Logs for Improved Formation Evaluation." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 3, no. 06 (2000): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/68208-pa.

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Summary The recently introduced measurement of total porosity from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tools can help to identify the hydrocarbon type and to improve the determination of formation total porosity (?t) and water saturation (Swt) in combination with other openhole logs. In shaly formations, porosities are difficult to estimate in the presence of hydrocarbons, especially those for gas and light oils. Water saturations are even more difficult to estimate because critical parameters such as clay cation exchange capacities/unit pore volume (QV), the formation factor (F) and formation wa

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Prisk, G. Kim, and John B. West. "Deriving the arterial Po2 and oxygen deficit from expired gas and pulse oximetry." Journal of Applied Physiology 127, no. 4 (2019): 1067–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01100.2018.

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The efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange is often assessed by the ideal alveolar-arterial partial pressure difference (A-aDO2). Through a combination of pulse oximetry and rapidly responding gas analyzers to measure the partial pressures of O2 and CO2 in expired gas, one can measure the oxygen deficit. Defined as the difference between the measured alveolar Po2 and the arterial Po2 calculated from [Formula: see text], the oxygen deficit is a substitute for the alveolar-arterial Po2 difference. The oxygen deficit is physiologically reasonable in that it increases with age in healthy subjects an

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Li, Chuanhui, and Xuewei Liu. "Research on the Estimate of Gas Hydrate Saturation Based on LSTM Recurrent Neural Network." Energies 13, no. 24 (2020): 6536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246536.

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Gas hydrate saturation is an important index for evaluating gas hydrate reservoirs, and well logs are an effective method for estimating gas hydrate saturation. To use well logs better to estimate gas hydrate saturation, and to establish the deep internal connections and laws of the data, we propose a method of using deep learning technology to estimate gas hydrate saturation from well logs. Considering that well logs have sequential characteristics, we used the long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network to predict the gas hydrate saturation from the well logs of two sites in the S

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Ecker, Christine, Jack Dvorkin, and Amos M. Nur. "Estimating the amount of gas hydrate and free gas from marine seismic data." GEOPHYSICS 65, no. 2 (2000): 565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444752.

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Marine seismic data and well‐log measurements at the Blake Ridge offshore South Carolina show that prominent seismic bottom‐simulating reflectors (BSRs) are caused by sediment layers with gas hydrate overlying sediments with free gas. We apply a theoretical rock‐physics model to 2-D Blake Ridge marine seismic data to determine gas‐hydrate and free‐gas saturation. High‐porosity marine sediment is modeled as a granular system where the elastic wave velocities are linked to porosity; effective pressure; mineralogy; elastic properties of the pore‐filling material; and water, gas, and gas‐hydrate s

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Meng, Mianmo, Hongkui Ge, Yinghao Shen, Wenming Ji, and Fei Ren. "Fluid saturation evolution with imbibition in unconventional natural gas reservoirs." Interpretation 6, no. 4 (2018): T849—T859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2017-0206.1.

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Hydraulic fracturing plays an important role in developing unconventional natural gas. The large amount of fracturing fluid retention becomes a significant phenomenon in gas fields. Much research has been carried out to explain this mechanism. Imbibition is regarded as one of the important factors and has been investigated extensively. However, the saturation evolution of different types of fluids (liquid, free gas, and trapped gas) has been less researched during imbibition. A porosity experiment combined with an imbibition experiment was conducted to research the fluids-saturation evolution.

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Zhang, Jie, Xizhe Li, Weijun Shen, et al. "Study of the Effect of Movable Water Saturation on Gas Production in Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs." Energies 13, no. 18 (2020): 4645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184645.

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The movable water saturation of tight sandstone reservoirs is an important parameter in characterizing water production capacity, and there is a great need to understand the relationship between movable water saturation and water production characteristics. However, movable water behavior in this context remains unclear. In this study, four groups of tight sandstone cores from the Sulige gas field are measured to understand the movable water saturation characteristics. Then, the effects such as reservoir micropore throat, clay mineral and physical properties on movable water saturation are ana

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Dzhafarov, Denis, and Benjamin Nicot. "Towards Relative Permeability Measurements in Tight Gas Formations." E3S Web of Conferences 146 (2020): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014605001.

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Relative permeability is a concept used to convey the reduction in flow capability due to the presence of multiple fluids. Relative permeability governs the multiphase flow, therefore it has a significant importance in understanding the reservoir behavior. These parameters are routinely measured on conventional rocks, however their measurement becomes quite challenging for low permeability rocks such as tight gas formations. This study demonstrates a methodology for relative permeability measurements on tight gas samples. The gas permeability has been measured by the Step Decay method and two

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Wijaya, Aditya Arie, Rama Aulianagara, Weijun Guo, Fetty Maria Naibaho, Fransiscus Xaverius Asriwan, and Usman Amirudin. "Multidetector Pulsed-Neutron Tool Application in Low-Porosity Reservoir–A Case Study in Mutiara Field, Indonesia." Petrophysics – The SPWLA Journal of Formation Evaluation and Reservoir Description 61, no. 6 (2020): 623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/pjv61n6-2020a7.

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In mature fields, pulsed-neutron logging is commonly used to solve for the remaining saturation behind the casing. For years, sigma-based saturation has been used to calculate gas saturation behind casing; however, the high dependency of sigma-to-water salinity of the formation, especially the low-dynamic range at porosity near 12 p.u., has proven to be challenging in low-porosity gas rock. A new measurement from the third detector from a multidetector pulsed-neutron tool (MDPNT) is proposed to provide a better estimation of the gas saturation in a low-porosity reservoir. Two sets of independe

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McGlynn, Ian, Toyli Anniyev, Feyzi Inanc, et al. "Development and Baseline Comparison of a New Pulsed-Neutron Spectroscopy Tool for Carbon- Oxygen Analysis and Three-Phase Saturation Monitoring." Petrophysics – The SPWLA Journal of Formation Evaluation and Reservoir Description 64, no. 6 (2023): 900–918. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/pjv64n6-2023a7.

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A new slim multidetector pulsed-neutron wireline-logging tool has been developed for openhole or casedhole formation evaluation saturation analysis and time-lapse monitoring. With a greater neutron source output and high-spectral resolution gamma ray detectors, the tool can be operated with reduced uncertainty or faster logging speeds. New, fully programable digital electronics provide a range of acquisition modes optimized for specific formation evaluation objectives. Neutrons are generated from a high-output pulsed-neutron generator, which propagates radially outward, passing through the bor

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Xiao, Kun, Changchun Zou, Biao Xiang, and Jieqiong Liu. "Acoustic Velocity Log Numerical Simulation and Saturation Estimation of Gas Hydrate Reservoir in Shenhu Area, South China Sea." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/101459.

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Gas hydrate model and free gas model are established, and two-phase theory (TPT) for numerical simulation of elastic wave velocity is adopted to investigate the unconsolidated deep-water sedimentary strata in Shenhu area, South China Sea. The relationships between compression wave (P wave) velocity and gas hydrate saturation, free gas saturation, and sediment porosity at site SH2 are studied, respectively, and gas hydrate saturation of research area is estimated by gas hydrate model. In depth of 50 to 245 m below seafloor (mbsf), as sediment porosity decreases, P wave velocity increases gradua

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Yang, Xuefeng, Chenglin Zhang, Shengxian Zhao, et al. "CLAP: Gas Saturation Prediction in Shale Gas Reservoir Using a Cascaded Convolutional Neural Network–Long Short-Term Memory Model with Attention Mechanism." Processes 11, no. 9 (2023): 2645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11092645.

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Gas saturation prediction is a crucial area of research regarding shale gas reservoirs, as it plays a vital role in optimizing development strategies and improving the efficiency of exploration efforts. Despite the advancements in deep learning techniques, accurately modeling the complex nonlinear relationships involved in gas saturation prediction remains a challenge. To address this issue, we propose a novel cascaded model, CLAP, combining convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) with an attention mechanism. It effectively captures and visualizes the intricate n

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Qiu, Yue, Xiangfu Wang, Zhaofeng Wang, Wei Liang, and Tongbin Zhao. "THMC Fully Coupled Model of Natural Gas Hydrate under Damage Effect and Parameter Sensitivity Analysis." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 3 (2023): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11030612.

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In order to study the influence of damage on the gas production of natural gas hydrate, a multi-physical field theoretical model considering damage effect and coupling thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-chemical (THMC) was established by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The THMC model establishes the relationship between the elastic modulus of hydrate sediment and hydrate saturation during the whole process of hydrate decomposition. The THC (thermal-hydraulic-chemical) and THMC fully coupled models not considering or considering the damage effect were compared and analyzed, and the rel

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35

Gomez, Carmen T., and Robert H. Tatham. "Sensitivity analysis of seismic reflectivity to partial gas saturation." GEOPHYSICS 72, no. 3 (2007): C45—C57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2437121.

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We analyze the sensitivity of seismic reflectivity to contrasts in density, seismic propagation velocities, Poisson’s ratio, and gas saturation using the complete Zoeppritz equations. Sensitivities of reflection coefficients to each bulk elastic parameter are computed as the partial derivatives of the seismic reflectivities, relative to each parameter. The sensitivity of reflectivity to gas saturation is then calculated as the full derivative of the reflectivities with respect to gas saturation, assuming both a homogeneous and a patchy distribution of gas in the pore fluids. We compute sensiti

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Ma, Xiaolong, Youhong Sun, Wei Guo, Rui Jia, and Bing Li. "Effects of Irreducible Fluid Saturation and Gas Entry Pressure on Gas Production from Hydrate-Bearing Clayey Silt Sediments by Depressurization." Geofluids 2020 (July 22, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9382058.

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Gas hydrates in the Shenhu area are mainly hosted in clayey silt sediments, which have the relatively high irreducible fluid saturation and gas entry pressure. And then, they will have an impact on gas production from hydrate-bearing clayey silt sediments, which was evaluated by the numerical simulations of SH2 site in Shenhu area in this paper. The results showed that, with the increase in irreducible water saturation and irreducible gas saturation, the amount of water production and gas production was obviously reduced. When the irreducible water saturation increased from 0.10 to 0.50, the c

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Saitov, R. M., and A. M. Gorshkov. "Methodological aspects of determining the porosity and saturation of the pore space of the core of the Bazhenov formation." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 2, no. 1 (2022): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2022-2-1-90-97.

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A method for determining the porosity of core samples of ultra-low-permeability rocks is presented and tested. The core samples of the Bazhenov formation were the object of research. The proposed method is based on the GRI method (Gas Research Institute), adapted for rocks of the Bazhenov formation. To calculate the coefficient of gas-saturated and open porosity, bulk and mineralogical densities were determined both for samples in a state of natural saturation and after extraction. Determination of bulk density was carried out by the gas-volumetric method and the modified method of liquid satu

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Qian, Jin, Xiujuan Wang, Timothy S. Collett, et al. "Gas hydrate accumulation and saturations estimated from effective medium theory in the eastern Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea." Interpretation 5, no. 3 (2017): SM33—SM48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2016-0217.1.

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Pore- and fracture-filling gas hydrates were identified from the core samples at several sites during the second Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey (GMGS2) expedition. Well logs indicated that gas hydrate occurred in three distinct layers at site GMGS2-08. The gas hydrate saturations calculated from well-log data and the seismic responses for the three gas hydrate-bearing layers, especially within the middle carbonate layer, were poorly known. We estimated gas hydrate saturations using isotropic and anisotropic models based on the mineral composition of the sediments and the effective medium t

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Zillmer, Matthias. "A method for determining gas-hydrate or free-gas saturation of porous media from seismic measurements." GEOPHYSICS 71, no. 3 (2006): N21—N32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2192910.

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The occurrence of gas hydrate or free gas in a porous medium changes the medium’s elastic properties. Explicit formulas for gas-hydrate or free-gas saturation of pore space on the basis of the Frenkel-Gassmann equations describe the elastic moduli and seismic velocities of a porous medium for low frequencies. A key assumption of the model is that either gas hydrate or free gas is present in the pore space in addition to water. Under this assumption, the method uses measured P- and S-wave velocities and bulk density along with estimates of the moduli and densities of the solid and fluid phases

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Han, Donghuan, Wei Xiong, Tongwen Jiang, et al. "Investigation of the Water-Invasion Gas Efficiency in the Kela-2 Gas Field Using Multiple Experiments." Energies 16, no. 20 (2023): 7216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16207216.

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Although improving the recovery of water-invaded gas reservoirs has been extensively studied in the natural gas industry, the nature of the efficiency of water-invaded gas recovery remains uncertain. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can be used to clearly identify changes in water saturation in the core during high-pressure water-invasion gas. Here, we provide four types of water-invasion gas experiments (spontaneous imbibition, atmospheric pressure, high-pressure approximate equilibrium, and depletion development water-invasion gas) to reveal the impact of the water-invasion gas eff

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Kim, Tae Wook, and Anthony R. Kovscek. "The Effect of Voidage-Displacement Ratio on Critical Gas Saturation." SPE Journal 24, no. 01 (2018): 178–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/191383-pa.

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Summary The critical gas saturation in permeable sands was studied as a function of depletion rate and the presence of an aqueous phase as the major experimental variables. Voidage-replacement ratios (VRR = injected volume/produced volume) less than 1 were used to obtain pressure depletion with active water injection. Three different live crude oils were considered. Two of the oils are viscous Alaskan crudes with dead-oil viscosities of 87.7 and 600 cp, whereas the third is a light crude oil with a dead-oil viscosity of 9.1 cp. The critical gas saturation for all tests ranged from 4 to 16%. Th

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Serianni, Richard, Jed Barash, Timothy Bentley, et al. "Porcine-specific hemoglobin saturation measurements." Journal of Applied Physiology 94, no. 2 (2003): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00710.2002.

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The determination of O2consumption by using arteriovenous O2content differences is dependent on accurate oxyhemoglobin saturation measurements. Because swine are a common experimental species, we describe the validation of CO-oximeter for porcine-specific oxyhemoglobin saturation. After developing a nonlinear mathematical model of the porcine oxyhemoglobin saturation curve, we made 366 porcine oxyhemoglobin saturation determinations with a calibrated blood-gas analyzer and a porcine-specific CO-oximeter. There was a high degree of correlation with minimal variability ( r2= 0.99, SE of the esti

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Faurissoux, Pierre, Moeata Lutui−Tefuka, Cyril Caubit, Bruno Lalanne, and Benjamin Nicot. "A fast method for trapped gas determination." E3S Web of Conferences 89 (2019): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198902004.

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Gas reservoirs are mainly produced by depletion with an aquifer rise; reservoir simulation requires two main SCAL inputs: the amount of trapped gas by the aquifer (residual gas saturation: Sgr) and the relative permeability to water due to aquifer flooding. As it is quasi impossible to predict aquifer strength, the primary SCAL input for reservoir simulation is the Sgr. The recovery factor is directly defined by initial and residual gas saturations. In fact, the residual gas saturation Sgr highly depends on the initial gas saturation Sgi and there is no universal petrophysical parameter govern

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Almenningen, Stian, Per Fotland, Martin A. Fernø, and Geir Ersland. "An Experimental Investigation of Gas-Production Rates During Depressurization of Sedimentary Methane Hydrates." SPE Journal 24, no. 02 (2019): 522–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/190811-pa.

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Summary Sedimentary methane hydrates contain a vast amount of untapped natural gas that can be produced through pressure depletion. Several field pilots have proved the concept with days to weeks of operation, but the longer-term response remains uncertain. This paper investigates the parameters affecting the rate of gas recovery from methane-hydrate-bearing sediments. The recovery of methane gas from hydrate dissociation through pressure depletion was studied at different initial hydrate saturations and different constant production pressures in cylindrical sandstone cores. Core-scale dissoci

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Bybee, Karen. "Gas Saturation in Heterogeneous Sandstone Reservoirs." Journal of Petroleum Technology 54, no. 04 (2002): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0402-0065-jpt.

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Bruno, Thomas J., and James E. Mayrath. "Concatenated gas saturation vapor pressure apparatus." Review of Scientific Instruments 68, no. 7 (1997): 2864–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148209.

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Zhou, Bohan, Marcelo Sanchez, and María Victoria Villar. "Impact of dry density, saturation, and confinement on gas permeability of clay-barrier materials." E3S Web of Conferences 205 (2020): 10006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020510006.

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The safe isolation of high-level radioactive waste from the human environment is a key requisite in the nuclear fuel cycle. Deep geological repositories (i.e. >500m) in a suitable rock mass, involving both engineered and natural barriers is currently the most favoured option for the disposal of high-level nuclear waste. Complex Thermal-Hydro-Mechanical and Chemical (THMC) phenomena are anticipated during the repository lifetime. The formation of gasses (e.g., as a result of oxidation processes) and their possible migration through the engineered barrier system (EBS) could jeopardise the mai

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Benelli, Sara, Bianca Maria Lecchini, Chiara Montecorboli, Clara Spicer, and Marco Bartoli. "Greenhouse gas fluxes in an oxbow lake and its exposed sediments during periods of hydraulic connection and disconnection." ARPHA Conference Abstracts 8 (May 28, 2025): e149540. https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.8.e149540.

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After decades of systematic simplification of river ecosystems through hydraulic interventions that have reduced the interactions between the river and its floodplain, projects are now underway to reconnect rivers with riparian areas and lateral canals. The navigation groynes separating the Po River from the Gussola oxbow lake (Cremona, northern Italy) underwent a requalification intervention in March 2023, which consisted of lowering them in order to increase the frequency of flooding and, consequently, the interaction between the river and the oxbow lake. Before and after the requalification

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Li, Yilong, Hao Yang, Xiaoping Li, Mingqing Kui, and Jiqiang Zhang. "Experiments on Water-Gas Flow Characteristics under Reservoir Condition in a Sandstone Gas Reservoir." Energies 16, no. 1 (2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010036.

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For gas reservoirs that contain water, investigating characteristics of water–gas seepage is crucial to the formulation of gas field development plans and predicting the production capacity and water breakthrough of gas wells. For the purposes of such an investigation, the process of water invasion into a water-containing gas reservoir was studied based on four sandstone samples whose physical properties differed quite vastly (permeability: 0.112–192.251 mD; porosity: 8.33–20.60%). Gas–water relative permeability experiments were conducted on the gas-driven water in the reservoir conditions (t

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Liu, Lin, Xiumei Zhang, and Xiuming Wang. "A Borehole Acoustic Calculation Approach with Gas Hydrate Saturation Inversion in Gas Hydrate-Bearing Sediments." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 2 (2024): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12020271.

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The inversion of gas hydrate saturation is a critical procedure in the evaluation of hydrate reservoirs. In this paper, a theoretical model for a borehole acoustic wavefield excited by multipole sources is established for the first time. On this basis, the attenuation of the dipole flexural waves is obtained, and in combination with the results of sensitivity analysis, an approach for inverting natural gas hydrates using the attenuation characteristics of the dipole flexural wave is proposed. The results of the sensitivity analysis demonstrate that the attenuation of the dipole flexural wave i

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