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Journal articles on the topic 'Gas sensors'
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VM, Aroutiounian. "Hydrogen Peroxide Gas Sensors." Physical Science & Biophysics Journal 5, no. 2 (2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/psbj-16000194.
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The results of studies of many types of semiconductor H 2 O 2 sensors are discussed in this review of 195 articles about hydrogen peroxide. The properties of electrochemical detectors, sensors based on organic and inorganic materials, graphene, and nano-sensors are analyzed. Optical and fluorescent sensors, detectors made of porous materials, quantum dots, fibers, and spheres are briefly discussed. The results of our studies in the YSU of hydrogen peroxide sensors made from solid solutions of carbon nanotubes with semiconducting metal oxides are also presented in the review. The fundamentals of the manufacture of biomarkers of respiration containing hydrogen peroxide vapors, which make it possible to judge the degree of a person’s illness with various respiratory diseases (asthma, lung cancer, etc.), are discussed.
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Stetter, Joseph R., and Tamara Russ. "(Invited) Past, Present and Future for Electrochemical Gas Sensors in Energy Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 51 (August 9, 2024): 2750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01512750mtgabs.
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The markets for modern low-cost electrochemical gas sensors have been growing for longer than sensors have been around. Energy markets for gas sensors include the oil, gas and electricity industries as well as the new developing and fast growing green energy sectors. The primary gases to detect include combustible hydrocarbons, oxygen, and toxic gases. Specifically, we are interested in methane (blue and green), ammonia, and H2 for the renewable energy sectors but include hydrocarbon fuels and CO2 as a greenhouse gas emission. The reasons for monitoring crosscut all areas of the energy business and include applications in production, transport, storage and use. Primary sensor uses include: 1) health and safety (people and assets), 2) leak detection and isolation to help mitigate product losses, 3) monitoring to protect the environment and 4) measurements for process control and efficacy. Each of these areas of sensing have special requirements and demand cost-effective and time efficient sensor performance in many and varied real world scenarios. Electrochemical gas sensors have a long and rich history starting with the commercialization of the first practical potentiometric CO2 gas sensor by Severinghaus in 1954 and the O2 amperometric sensor by Clark in 1956 that launched the modern blood gas analysis industry. Additional milestones include the introduction of the “diffusion electrode” in 1968 creating the modern amperometric sensor which has produced a large array of sensors for toxic and hazardous gases including H2, ammonia, and other energy gases. Progress has been made in the field of electrochemical gas sensors, not only in improving performance, sensitivity, selectivity, response time, and stability, but also in logistical properties including miniaturization, lower power consumption, low cost as well as communication and computation to make automated-operational systems. New high-volume production has contributed to lower costs commensurate with a chip-based sensor mentality. The evolution of one of the gas sensor technologies is given below (the room temperature AGS or amperometric gas sensor) and similar progress has been seen in mixed potential and solid state gas sensors. The growing understanding of the sensor’s fundamental electrocatalytic reactions has led to tailored designs of electrode-electrolyte combinations and packages for the various applications. Often ignored in sensor publications of performance, the fundamental electrocatalytic studies are poised to make significant advances in energy gas sensor selectivity and sensitivity. The additional implementation of intelligent algorithms (AI/ML) to make “smart” sensors and sensor arrays complements advanced nano-materials and designs for improving sensor performance. One major improvement is our understanding of the sensor response mechanisms at the electrocatalytic level. This new research will enable new electrochemical sensor advances that are poised to impact the health and wellbeing of both people and the planet. Ideas and concepts that significantly contribute to the safe and efficient rollout of the newest green energy platforms are presented. Figure 1
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Guo, Tao, Tianhao Zhou, Qiulin Tan, Qianqian Guo, Fengxiang Lu, and Jijun Xiong. "A Room-Temperature CNT/Fe3O4 Based Passive Wireless Gas Sensor." Sensors 18, no. 10 (October 19, 2018): 3542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103542.
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A carbon nanotube/Fe3O4 thin film-based wireless passive gas sensor with better performance is proposed. The sensitive test mechanism of LC (Inductance and capacitance resonant) wireless sensors is analyzed and the reason for choosing Fe3O4 as a gas sensing material is explained. The design and fabrication process of the sensor and the testing method are introduced. Experimental results reveal that the proposed carbon nanotube (CNT)/Fe3O4 based sensor performs well on sensing ammonia (NH3) at room temperature. The sensor exhibits not only an excellent response, good selectivity, and fast response and recovery times at room temperature, but is also characterized by good repeatability and low cost. The results for the wireless gas sensor’s performance for different NH3 gas concentrations are presented. The developed device is promising for the establishment of wireless gas sensors in harsh environments.
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Ando, Masanori, Hideya Kawasaki, Satoru Tamura, Yoshikazu Haramoto, and Yasushi Shigeri. "Recent Advances in Gas Sensing Technology Using Non-Oxide II-VI Semiconductors CdS, CdSe, and CdTe." Chemosensors 10, no. 11 (November 15, 2022): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10110482.
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In recent years, there has been an increasing need and demand for gas sensors to detect hazardous gases in the atmosphere, as they are indispensable for environmental monitoring. Typical hazardous gas sensors that have been widely put to practical use include conductometric gas sensors, such as semiconductor gas sensors that use the change in electrical resistance of metal oxide semiconductors, catalytic combustion gas sensors, and electrochemical gas sensors. However, there is a growing demand for gas sensors that perform better and more safely, while also being smaller, lighter, less energy-demanding, and less costly. Therefore, new gas sensor materials are being explored, as well as optical gas sensor technology that expresses gas detection not electrically but optically. Cadmium sulfide (CdS), cadmium selenide (CdSe), and cadmium telluride (CdTe) are typical group II-VI non-oxide semiconductors that have been used as, for example, electronic materials. Recently, they have attracted attention as new gas sensor materials. In this article, recent advances in conductometric and optical gas sensing technologies using CdS, CdSe, and CdTe are reviewed.
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Su, Kuo Lan, Sheng Wen Shiau, Yi Lin Liao, and J. H. Guo. "Bayesian Estimation Algorithm Applying in Gas Detection Modules." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 1764–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.1764.
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The paper develops gas detection modules for the intelligent building. The modules use many gas sensors to detect environment of the home and building. The gas sensors of the detection modules are classified two types. One is competitiveness gas detection module, and uses the same sensors to detect gas leakage. The other is complementation gas detection module, and uses variety sensors to classify multiple gases. The paper uses Bayesian estimation algorithm to be applied in competitiveness gas detection module and complementation gas detection module, and implement the proposed algorithm to be nice for variety gas sensor combination method. In the competitiveness gas detection module, we use two gas sensors to improve the proposed algorithm to be right. In the complementation gas detection module, we use a NH3 sensor, an air pollution sensor, an alcohol sensor, a HS sensor, a smoke sensor, a CO sensor, a LPG sensor and a nature gas sensor, and can classify variety gases using Bayesian estimation algorithm. The controller of the two gas detection modules is HOLTEK microchip. The modules can communicate with the supervised computer via wire series interface or wireless RF interface, and cautions the user by the voice module. Finally, we present some experimental results to measure know and unknown gas using the two gas detection modules on the security system of the intelligent building.
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Hadi, Amran Abdul, Nurulain Nadhirah Shaipuzaman, Mohd Amir Shahlan Mohd Aspar, Mohd Rashidi Salim, and Hadi Manap. "Advancements in ammonia gas detection: a comparative study of sensor technologies." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 14, no. 5 (October 1, 2024): 5107. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v14i5.pp5107-5116.
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Ammonia gas is a colorless gas that is known for its pungent odor. It is commonly used in various industries, such as agriculture, refrigeration, and chemical manufacturing. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of various technologies employed in ammonia gas sensors. The objective is to compare and identify the optimum method to detect ammonia gas. The review encompasses catalytic gas sensors, metal oxide gas sensors, polymer conductivity gas sensors, optical gas sensors, and indirect gas sensors, detailing their respective operational principles. Additionally, the advantages and disadvantages of each technology for ammonia gas detection are outlined. All these technologies have been used for many applications and some of them have been commercialized. Some sensor characteristics suggestions are also stated in order to develop an improved optical ammonia sensor for industrial applications.
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Kozubovskiy, V. R. "Sensors for fire gas detectors." Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics and Optoelectronics 14, no. 3 (September 25, 2011): 330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/spqeo14.03.330.
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Rahbarpour, S., S. Sajed, and H. Ghafoorifard. "Temperature Dependence of Responses in Metal Oxide Gas Sensors." Key Engineering Materials 644 (May 2015): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.644.181.
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Selecting an optimum operating temperature for metal oxide gas sensors is of prime technical importance. Here, the temperature behavior of various kinds of metal oxide gas sensors in response to different levels of reducing contaminants in air is reported. The examined gas sensor samples include a Tin oxide-based resistive gas sensor and home-made diode-type Ag-TiO2-Ti gas sensors. Recorded response vs. temperature curves of all samples represent two different typical features: The responses related to the resistive gas sensor exhibit distinct maximum response at a well defined operating temperature regardless of the target gas concentration level, but the diode type samples demonstrated a continuously rising response as the operating temperature decreased to highly contaminated atmospheres. At low contaminant levels, diode type gas sensors change their behaviour and act similar to resistive gas sensors. Reported results were described by a model based on the gas diffusion theory.
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Abdullah, Abdulnasser Nabil, Kamarulzaman Kamarudin, Latifah Munirah Kamarudin, Abdul Hamid Adom, Syed Muhammad Mamduh, Zaffry Hadi Mohd Juffry, and Victor Hernandez Bennetts. "Correction Model for Metal Oxide Sensor Drift Caused by Ambient Temperature and Humidity." Sensors 22, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 3301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093301.
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For decades, Metal oxide (MOX) gas sensors have been commercially available and used in various applications such as the Smart City, gas monitoring, and safety due to advantages such as high sensitivity, a high detection range, fast reaction time, and cost-effectiveness. However, several factors affect the sensing ability of MOX gas sensors. This article presents the results of a study on the cross-sensitivity of MOX gas sensors toward ambient temperature and humidity. A gas sensor array consisting of temperature and humidity sensors and four different MOX gas sensors (MiCS-5524, GM-402B, GM-502B, and MiCS-6814) was developed. The sensors were subjected to various relative gas concentrations, temperatures (from 16 °C to 30 °C), and humidity levels (from 75% to 45%), representing a typical indoor environment. The results proved that the gas sensor responses were significantly affected by the temperature and humidity. The increased temperature and humidity levels led to a decreased response for all sensors, except for MiCS-6814, which showed the opposite response. Hence, this work proposed regression models for each sensor, which can correct the gas sensor response drift caused by the ambient temperature and humidity variations. The models were validated, and the standard deviations of the corrected sensor response were found to be 1.66 kΩ, 13.17 kΩ, 29.67 kΩ, and 0.12 kΩ, respectively. These values are much smaller compared to the raw sensor response (i.e., 18.22, 24.33 kΩ, 95.18 kΩ, and 2.99 kΩ), indicating that the model provided a more stable output and minimised the drift. Overall, the results also proved that the models can be used for MOX gas sensors employed in the training process, as well as for other sets of gas sensors.
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Mukhtarov, Farrukh, Nurmaxamad Jo'rayev, Sanjar Zokirov, Munira Sadikova, Azamatjon Muhammadjonov, and Nargizakhon Iskandarova. "Analysis of automation through sensors through gas sensors in different directions." E3S Web of Conferences 508 (2024): 06004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202450806004.
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The MQ2 and MQ4 sensors are highly popular gas sensors utilized in a wide range of applications for the detection and measurement of various gases. Renowned for their simplicity, affordability, and ease of use, MQ sensors have become a preferred choice among hobbyists, students, and professionals. In this article, we will delve into a comprehensive comparison between these two types of gas sensors, aiming to unveil the desired outcomes. In conclusion, the MQ2 and MQ4 sensors are widely recognized for their simplicity, affordability, and ease of use in detecting and measuring various gases. While the MQ2 sensor is versatile in its gas detection capabilities, the MQ4 sensor specializes in methane gas detection. Both sensors display commendable levels of sensitivity, stability, and repeatability, guaranteeing accurate and dependable gas measurements. By conducting a thorough comparison of these gas sensors, we have shed light on their unique features and functionalities, facilitating informed decision-making for potential users.
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Sui, Ran, Erpan Zhang, Xiaoshui Tang, Wenjun Yan, Yun Liu, and Houpan Zhou. "Thermal Modulation of Resistance Gas Sensor Facilitates Recognition of Fragrance Odors." Chemosensors 12, no. 6 (June 5, 2024): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12060101.
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Herein, we prepared two different MOS-based gas sensors with integrated micro-hotplates. The two sensors were employed to detect various fragrances (cedar, mandarin orange, rose A, and rose B), exhibiting similarly great sensing performances. The gas sensing properties of the MOS-based sensor depend on the sensor’s operating temperature. In addition to isothermal operation, various pulse heating modes were applied to investigate the gas sensing performances with respect to the four fragrances. Multivariate gas sensing features of the four fragrances were obtained under different operating modes, which were utilized for the recognition of fragrance odors successfully, based on the long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm.
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Kotarski, Mateusz, and Janusz Smulko. "Fluctuation Enhanced Gas Sensing at Modulated Temperature of Gas Sensor." International Journal of Measurement Technologies and Instrumentation Engineering 2, no. 2 (April 2012): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmtie.2012040104.
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Taguchi gas sensors are commonly used to measure gas concentration. The standard detection method utilizes only changes of sensor DC resistance to determine various gases concentration. Unfortunately, such technique leads to false results due to cross-sensitivity of gas sensors at presence of other gases. Such adverse effects can be reduced by applying fluctuation enhanced sensing and temperature modulation of the sensor what allows to gather more information about ambient atmosphere than the sensor DC resistance only. The measurement setup of voltage fluctuations across the gas sensor as well as the selected measurements results of DC resistance under temperature modulation are presented. New indicators of gas detection have been proposed which utilize voltage fluctuations and DC resistance measurements at two selected different temperatures of the gas sensor.
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Honeycutt, Wesley T., M. Tyler Ley, and Nicholas F. Materer. "Precision and Limits of Detection for Selected Commercially Available, Low-Cost Carbon Dioxide and Methane Gas Sensors." Sensors 19, no. 14 (July 18, 2019): 3157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19143157.
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The performance of a sensor platform for environmental or industrial monitoring is sensitive to the cost and performance of the individual sensor elements. Thus, the detection limits, accuracy, and precision of commercially available, low-cost carbon dioxide and methane gas concentration sensors were evaluated by precise measurements at known gas concentrations. Sensors were selected based on market availability, cost, power consumption, detection range, and accuracy. A specially constructed gas mixing chamber, coupled to a precision bench-top analyzer, was used to characterize each sensor during a controlled exposure to known gas concentrations. For environmental monitoring, the selected carbon dioxide sensors were characterized around 400 ppm. For methane, the sensor response was first monitored at 0 ppm, close to the typical environmental background. The selected sensors were then evaluated at gas concentrations of several thousand ppm. The determined detection limits accuracy, and precision provides a set of matrices that can be used to evaluate and select sensors for integration into a sensor platform for specific applications.
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Yang, Taicong, Fengchun Tian, James A. Covington, Feng Xu, Yi Xu, Anyan Jiang, Junhui Qian, Ran Liu, Zichen Wang, and Yangfan Huang. "Resistance-Capacitance Gas Sensor Based on Fractal Geometry." Chemosensors 7, no. 3 (July 15, 2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors7030031.
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An important component of any chemiresistive gas sensor is the way in which the resistance of the sensing film is interrogated. The geometrical structure of an electrode can enhance the performance of a gas-sensing device and in particular the performance of sensing films with large surface areas, such as carbon nanotubes. In this study, we investigated the influence of geometrical structure on the performance of gas sensors, combining the characteristics of carbon nanotubes with a novel gas sensor electrode structure based on fractal geometry. The fabricated sensors were tested with exposure to nitric oxide, measuring both the sensor resistance and capacitance (RC) of the sensor responses. Experimental results showed that the sensors with fractal electrode structures had a superior performance over sensors with traditional geometrical structures. Moreover, the RC characteristics of these fractal sensors could be further improved by using different test frequencies that could aid in the identification and quantification of a target gas.
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Ming, An Jie, Yao Hui Ren, Yu Zhang, Le Zhang, Wen Bo Zhang, Zhen Xin Tan, Wen Ou, et al. "A Compact Infrared Gas Sensor Based on an Asymmetry Gas Cavity." Key Engineering Materials 645-646 (May 2015): 1111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.645-646.1111.
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Many gas molecules absorb electromagnetic radiation at characteristic wavelengths in the infrared region. This absorption can be used to identify defined substances like CO2, ammoniac, and so far. This study presents a comparative analysis of parameters of infrared radiation source and detector hardware that are most important for the creation of portable optical nondispersive infrared (NDIR) gas sensors. One of the central issues in the design of this kind of sensors is the geometry of the sensor cell. In this paper we investigate an asymmetry sensor cavity and predict the performance using Tracepro software. Then, the CO2 sensor is made and tested.
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Dougami, Naganori, Takeshi Miyata, Taishi Orita, Tadashi Nakatani, Rui Kakunaka, Takafumi Taniguchi, Hirokazu Mitsuhashi, and Shoichiro Nakao. "Hot-wire-type micromachined chemiresistive gas sensors for battery-powered city gas alarms." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 64, no. 1 (January 1, 2025): 01SP13. https://doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/ada29c.
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Abstract Metal oxide semiconductor (MOX) chemiresistive gas sensors used in gas alarms have contributed to the safe use of city gas and liquid petroleum gas. In this study, we successfully fabricated hot-wire-type MOX sensors using micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. The hot-wire type structure, in which an electrode plays dual roles in detecting and heating, was adopted for efficient production. Owing to the miniaturization together with the thermal insulation, the sensors exhibited a fast thermal response. The average power consumption of the sensor in the pulsed operation was less than 100 μW. The sensor exhibited high sensitivity of more than 100 mV to 3000 ppm methane and showed low cross-sensitivity to interference gases such as ethanol and hydrogen. These sensing properties were retained for more than five years, demonstrating excellent long-term stability of the sensors.
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Korotcenkov, Ghenadii. "Electrospun Metal Oxide Nanofibers and Their Сonductometric Gas Sensor Application. Part 2: Gas Sensors and Their Advantages and Limitations." Nanomaterials 11, no. 6 (June 12, 2021): 1555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11061555.
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Electrospun metal oxide nanofibers, due to their unique structural and electrical properties, are now being considered as materials with great potential for gas sensor applications. This critical review attempts to assess the feasibility of these perspectives. This article discusses approaches to the manufacture of nanofiber-based gas sensors, as well as the results of analysis of the performances of these sensors. A detailed analysis of the disadvantages that can limit the use of electrospinning technology in the development of gas sensors is also presented in this article. It also proposes some approaches to solving problems that limit the use of nanofiber-based gas sensors. Finally, the summary provides an insight into the future prospects of electrospinning technology for the development of gas sensors aimed for the gas sensor market.
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Immanuel, Phillip Nathaniel, Song-Jeng Huang, Yudhistira Adityawardhana, and Yi-Kuang Yen. "A Review of Paper-Based Sensors for Gas, Ion, and Biological Detection." Coatings 13, no. 8 (July 28, 2023): 1326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13081326.
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Gas, ion, and biological sensors have been widely utilized to detect analytes of great significance to the environment, food, and health. Paper-based sensors, which can be constructed on a low-cost paper substrate through a simple and cost-effective fabrication process, have attracted much interests for development. Moreover, many materials can be employed in designing sensors, such as metal oxides and/or inorganic materials, carbon-based nanomaterials, conductive polymers, and composite materials. Most of these provide a large surface area and pitted structure, along with extraordinary electrical and thermal conductivities, which are capable of improving sensor performance regarding sensitivity and limit of detection. In this review, we surveyed recent advances in different types of paper-based gas, ion, and biological sensors, focusing on how these materials’ physical and chemical properties influence the sensor’s response. Challenges and future perspectives for paper-based sensors are also discussed below.
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Sensors, Gas. "Gas sensors." Hyomen Kagaku 10, no. 11 (1989): 925–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1380/jsssj.10.925.
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Kocache, Ray. "Gas sensors." Sensor Review 14, no. 1 (March 1994): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000004256.
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Yamazoe, Noboru. "Gas Sensors." IEEJ Transactions on Sensors and Micromachines 115, no. 1 (1995): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejsmas.115.30.
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Kudo, Tetsuichi. "Gas sensors." Catalysis Today 8, no. 2 (December 1990): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5861(90)87022-u.
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Nazemi, Haleh, Aashish Joseph, Jaewoo Park, and Arezoo Emadi. "Advanced Micro- and Nano-Gas Sensor Technology: A Review." Sensors 19, no. 6 (March 14, 2019): 1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19061285.
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Micro- and nano-sensors lie at the heart of critical innovation in fields ranging from medical to environmental sciences. In recent years, there has been a significant improvement in sensor design along with the advances in micro- and nano-fabrication technology and the use of newly designed materials, leading to the development of high-performance gas sensors. Advanced micro- and nano-fabrication technology enables miniaturization of these sensors into micro-sized gas sensor arrays while maintaining the sensing performance. These capabilities facilitate the development of miniaturized integrated gas sensor arrays that enhance both sensor sensitivity and selectivity towards various analytes. In the past, several micro- and nano-gas sensors have been proposed and investigated where each type of sensor exhibits various advantages and limitations in sensing resolution, operating power, response, and recovery time. This paper presents an overview of the recent progress made in a wide range of gas-sensing technology. The sensing functionalizing materials, the advanced micro-machining fabrication methods, as well as their constraints on the sensor design, are discussed. The sensors’ working mechanisms and their structures and configurations are reviewed. Finally, the future development outlook and the potential applications made feasible by each category of the sensors are discussed.
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Baur, Tobias, Manuel Bastuck, Caroline Schultealbert, Tilman Sauerwald, and Andreas Schütze. "Random gas mixtures for efficient gas sensor calibration." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 9, no. 2 (November 27, 2020): 411–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-411-2020.
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Abstract. Applications like air quality, fire detection and detection of explosives require selective and quantitative measurements in an ever-changing background of interfering gases. One main issue hindering the successful implementation of gas sensors in real-world applications is the lack of appropriate calibration procedures for advanced gas sensor systems. This article presents a calibration scheme for gas sensors based on statistically distributed gas profiles with unique randomized gas mixtures. This enables a more realistic gas sensor calibration including masking effects and other gas interactions which are not considered in classical sequential calibration. The calibration scheme is tested with two different metal oxide semiconductor sensors in temperature-cycled operation using indoor air quality as an example use case. The results are compared to a classical calibration strategy with sequentially increasing gas concentrations. While a model trained with data from the sequential calibration performs poorly on the more realistic mixtures, our randomized calibration achieves significantly better results for the prediction of both sequential and randomized measurements for, for example, acetone, benzene and hydrogen. Its statistical nature makes it robust against overfitting and well suited for machine learning algorithms. Our novel method is a promising approach for the successful transfer of gas sensor systems from the laboratory into the field. Due to the generic approach using concentration distributions the resulting performance tests are versatile for various applications.
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Kim, Sohyeon, Ju-Eun Yang, Yoon-Seo Park, Minwoo Park, Sang-Jo Kim, and Kyoung-Kook Kim. "Convergence Gas Sensors with One-Dimensional Nanotubes and Pt Nanoparticles Based on Ultraviolet Photonic Energy for Room-Temperature NO2 Gas Sensing." Nanomaterials 13, no. 20 (October 17, 2023): 2780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13202780.
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Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a promising material for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas sensors because of its nontoxicity, low cost, and small size. We fabricated one-dimensional (1D) and zero-dimensional (0D) convergence gas sensors activated via ultraviolet (UV) photonic energy to sense NO2 gas at room temperature. One-dimensional ZnO nanorod (ZNR)-based and ZnO nanotube (ZNT)-based gas sensors were synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method. All the sensors were tested under UV irradiation (365 nm) so that they could be operated at room temperature rather than a high temperature. In addition, we decorated 0D Pt nanoparticles (NPs) on the gas sensors to further improve their sensing responsivity. The NO2-sensing response of the ZNT/Pt NP convergence gas sensor was 2.93 times higher than that of the ZNR gas sensor. We demonstrated the complex effects of UV radiation on 1D ZnO nanostructures and 0D metal nanostructures in NO2 gas sensing.
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Ryu, Jongwon, Seob Shim, Jeongin Song, Jaeseo Park, Ha Sul Kim, Seoung-Ki Lee, Jae Cheol Shin, Jihun Mun, and Sang-Woo Kang. "Effect of Measurement System Configuration and Operating Conditions on 2D Material-Based Gas Sensor Sensitivity." Nanomaterials 13, no. 3 (January 31, 2023): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13030573.
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Gas sensors applied in real-time detection of toxic gas leakage, air pollution, and respiration patterns require a reliable test platform to evaluate their characteristics, such as sensitivity and detection limits. However, securing reliable characteristics of a gas sensor is difficult, owing to the structural difference between the gas sensor measurement platform and the difference in measurement methods. This study investigates the effect of measurement conditions and system configurations on the sensitivity of two-dimensional (2D) material-based gas sensors. Herein, we developed a testbed to evaluate the response characteristics of MoS2-based gas sensors under a NO2 gas flow, which allows variations in their system configurations. Additionally, we demonstrated that the distance between the gas inlet and the sensor and gas inlet orientation influences the sensor performance. As the distance to the 2D gas sensor surface decreased from 4 to 2 mm, the sensitivity of the sensor improved to 9.20%. Furthermore, when the gas inlet orientation was perpendicular to the gas sensor surface, the sensitivity of the sensor was the maximum (4.29%). To attain the optimum operating conditions of the MoS2-based gas sensor, the effects of measurement conditions, such as gas concentration and temperature, on the sensitivity of the gas sensor were investigated.
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Bondar, O. G., E. O. Brezhneva, O. G. Dobroserdov, K. G. Andreev, and N. V. Polyakov. "Synthesis and Parameterization of Gas Sensor Models." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 25, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 138–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2021-25-1-138-161.
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Purpose of research: search and analysis of existing models of gas-sensitive sensors. Development of mathematical models of gas-sensitive sensors of various types (semiconductor, thermocatalytic, optical, electrochemical) for their subsequent use in the training of artificial neural networks (INS). Investigation of main physicochemical patterns underlying the principles of sensor operation, consideration of the influence of environmental factors and cross-sensitivity on the sensor output signal. Comparison of simulation results with actual characteristics produced by the sensor industry. The concept of creating mathematical models is described. Their parameterization, research and assessment of adequacy are carried out.Methods. Numerical methods, computer modeling methods, electrical circuit theory, the theory of chemosorption and heterogeneous catalysis, the Freundlich and Langmuir equations, the Buger-Lambert-Behr law, the foundations of electrochemistry were used in creating mathematical models. Standard deviation (MSE) and relative error were calculated to assess the adequacy of the models.Results. The concept of creating mathematical models of sensors based on physicochemical patterns is described. This concept allows the process of data generation for training artificial neural networks used in multi-component gas analyzers for the purpose of joint information processing to be automated. Models of semiconductor, thermocatalytic, optical and electrochemical sensors were obtained and upgraded, considering the influence of additional factors on the sensor signal. Parameterization and assessment of adequacy and extrapolation properties of models by graphical dependencies presented in technical documentation of sensors were carried out. Errors (relative and RMS) of discrepancy of real data and results of simulation of gas-sensitive sensors by basic parameters are determined. The standard error of reproduction of the main characteristics of the sensors did not exceed 0.5%.Conclusion. Multivariable mathematical models of gas-sensitive sensors are synthesized, considering the influence of main gas and external factors (pressure, temperature, humidity, cross-sensitivity) on the output signal and allowing to generate training data for sensors of various types.
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Xu, Hong Yan, Teng Teng Wu, Wen Ru Li, Huan Qin Yu, Ting Zhai, Jie Qiang Wang, and Bing Qiang Cao. "Low-Working-Temperature and High-NO2-Sensing Properties of SnO2/PANI Hybrid Material Sensors." Key Engineering Materials 727 (January 2017): 503–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.727.503.
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In this work, SnO2 porous nanosolids were obtained from SnO2 nanopowders by using a solvo-thermal hot-press method. Then, by using the conventional thick-film sensors preparation technology, SnO2 porous thick-film gas sensor was prepared from it. Meanwhile, polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized by chemical oxidation polymerization. After that, by mechanical method, the SnO2/PANI composite gas sensors were fabricated. The intrinsic resistances and gas sensing properties of sensors to NO2, NH3, H2 and ethanol vapor were tested. Compared with the SnO2 porous gas sensors, the optimum operation temperature of SnO2/PANI hybrid gas sensors decreased dramatically. And SnO2/PANI hybrid gas sensors showed satisfying selectivity and high sensitivity for NO2.
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Potyrailo, Radislav A., Brian Scherer, Baokai Cheng, Majid Nayeri, Shiyao Shan, Janell Crowder, Richard St-Pierre, Joleyn Brewer, and Renner Ruffalo. "First-Order Individual Gas Sensors as Next Generation Reliable Analytical Instruments." Applied Spectroscopy 77, no. 8 (August 2023): 860–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00037028231186821.
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It is conventionally expected that the performance of existing gas sensors may degrade in the field compared to laboratory conditions because (i) a sensor may lose its accuracy in the presence of chemical interferences and (ii) variations of ambient conditions over time may induce sensor-response fluctuations (i.e., drift). Breaking this status quo in poor sensor performance requires understanding the origins of design principles of existing sensors and bringing new principles to sensor designs. Existing gas sensors are single-output (e.g., resistance, electrical current, light intensity, etc.) sensors, also known as zero-order sensors (Karl Booksh and Bruce R. Kowalski, Analytical Chemistry, DOI: 10.1021/ac00087a718). Any zero-order sensor is undesirably affected by variable chemical background and sensor drift that cannot be distinguished from the response to an analyte. To address these limitations, we are developing multivariable gas sensors with independent responses, which are first-order analytical instruments. Here, we demonstrate self-correction against drift in two types of first-order gas sensors that operate in different portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Our radiofrequency sensors utilize dielectric excitation of semiconducting metal oxide materials on the shoulder of their dielectric relaxation peak and achieve self-correction of the baseline drift by operation at several frequencies. Our photonic sensors utilize nanostructured sensing materials inspired by Morpho butterflies and achieve self-correction of the baseline drift by operation at several wavelengths. These principles of self-correction for drift effects in first-order sensors open opportunities for diverse emerging monitoring applications that cannot afford frequent periodic maintenance that is typical of traditional analytical instruments.
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Ma, Minzhen, Xinting Yang, Xiaoguo Ying, Ce Shi, Zhixin Jia, and Boce Jia. "Applications of Gas Sensing in Food Quality Detection: A Review." Foods 12, no. 21 (October 30, 2023): 3966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12213966.
Full textAbstract:
Food products often face the risk of spoilage during processing, storage, and transportation, necessitating the use of rapid and effective technologies for quality assessment. In recent years, gas sensors have gained prominence for their ability to swiftly and sensitively detect gases, making them valuable tools for food quality evaluation. The various gas sensor types, such as metal oxide (MOX), metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors, surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors, colorimetric sensors, and electrochemical sensors, each offer distinct advantages. They hold significant potential for practical applications in food quality monitoring. This review comprehensively covers the progress in gas sensor technology for food quality assessment, outlining their advantages, features, and principles. It also summarizes their applications in detecting volatile gases during the deterioration of aquatic products, meat products, fruit, and vegetables over the past decade. Furthermore, the integration of data analytics and artificial intelligence into gas sensor arrays is discussed, enhancing their adaptability and reliability in diverse food environments and improving food quality assessment efficiency. In conclusion, this paper addresses the multifaceted challenges faced by rapid gas sensor-based food quality detection technologies and suggests potential interdisciplinary solutions and directions.
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Tang, Xiaohui, Marc Debliquy, Driss Lahem, Yiyi Yan, and Jean-Pierre Raskin. "A Review on Functionalized Graphene Sensors for Detection of Ammonia." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041443.
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Since the first graphene gas sensor has been reported, functionalized graphene gas sensors have already attracted a lot of research interest due to their potential for high sensitivity, great selectivity, and fast detection of various gases. In this paper, we summarize the recent development and progression of functionalized graphene sensors for ammonia (NH3) detection at room temperature. We review graphene gas sensors functionalized by different materials, including metallic nanoparticles, metal oxides, organic molecules, and conducting polymers. The various sensing mechanism of functionalized graphene gas sensors are explained and compared. Meanwhile, some existing challenges that may hinder the sensor mass production are discussed and several related solutions are proposed. Possible opportunities and perspective applications of the graphene NH3 sensors are also presented.
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Hsiao, Chun Ching, and Li Siang Luo. "Gas Sensors Fabricated by Aerosol Deposition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 541-542 (March 2014): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.151.
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Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a low toxicity and environmentally friendly material, and it is applied on devices, sensors or actuators for trending towards green-life. A porous ZnO film deposited by a rapid process of aerosol deposition (AD) was employed as the gas-sensitive material in a CO gas sensor for reducing the manufacturing cost and time, further extending the AD application. A relative resistance change (??R / R) of the ZnO gas sensor was used for CO gas measurement. The sensitivity of the fabricated ZnO gas sensors had a more outstanding performance about 49%, compared to the literature data reported by Joshi.
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Choi, Hee-Jung, Soon-Hwan Kwon, Won-Seok Lee, Kwang-Gyun Im, Tae-Hyun Kim, Beom-Rae Noh, Sunghoon Park, Semi Oh, and Kyoung-Kook Kim. "Ultraviolet Photoactivated Room Temperature NO2 Gas Sensor of ZnO Hemitubes and Nanotubes Covered with TiO2 Nanoparticles." Nanomaterials 10, no. 3 (March 4, 2020): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10030462.
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Prolonged exposure to NO2 can cause lung tissue inflammation, bronchiolitis fibrosa obliterans, and silo filler’s disease. In recent years, nanostructured semiconducting metal oxides have been widely used to fabricate gas sensors because of their unique structure and surface-to-volume ratio compared to layered materials. In particular, the different morphologies of ZnO-based nanostructures significantly affect the detection property of NO2 gas sensors. However, because of the large interaction energy of chemisorption (1–10 eV), metal oxide-based gas sensors are typically operated above 100 °C, overcoming the energy limits to attain high sensitivity and fast reaction. High operating temperature negatively affects the reliability and durability of semiconductor-based sensors; at high temperature, the diffusion and sintering effects at the metal oxide grain boundaries are major factors causing undesirable long-term drift problems and preventing stability improvements. Therefore, we demonstrate NO2 gas sensors consisting of ZnO hemitubes (HTs) and nanotubes (NTs) covered with TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). To operate the gas sensor at room temperature (RT), we measured the gas-sensing properties with ultraviolet illumination onto the active region of the gas sensor for photoactivation instead of conventional thermal activation by heating. The performance of these gas sensors was enhanced by the change of barrier potential at the ZnO/TiO2 interfaces, and their depletion layer was expanded by the NPs formation. The gas sensor based on ZnO HTs showed 1.2 times higher detection property than those consisting of ZnO NTs at the 25 ppm NO2 gas.
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Maslennikov, Aleksandr, Ilya Zubkov, and S. Kovalenko. "Optical chemical sensor for solving gas analysis tasks." MATEC Web of Conferences 212 (2018): 01029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821201029.
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A brief review of the principles of constructing optical gas-analyzing sensors is presented. It is noted that the influence of humidity of the surrounding gas environment during gas analytical procedures using solid-state gas analytical sensors is a serious technological problem. It is shown that sensors of particular interest are functioning on the principle of absorption of the primary light flux because of their reduced sensitivity to fluctuations in the humidity of the carrier gas. The design and the gas analytical properties of an optical chemical sensor are described. Ammonia was used as a test substance in the studies and as a sensitive sensor coating; a functional polymer having a specific highly selective reaction to ammonia was used. The static properties of the sensor were determined, the effect of the carrier gas humidity on its output signal, as well as the stability of the gas analytic properties of the sensor when interacting with ammonia. Analysis of the properties of the optical chemical sensor allows us to conclude that the proposed sensor is promising for solving various gas analytical problems.
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Ahmad, Ibtisam, Mohsin Ali, and Hee-Dong Kim. "Role of en-APTAS Membranes in Enhancing the NO2 Gas-Sensing Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube/ZnO-Based Memristor Gas Sensors." Biosensors 14, no. 12 (December 20, 2024): 635. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14120635.
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NO2 is a toxic gas that can damage the lungs with prolonged exposure and contribute to health conditions, such as asthma in children. Detecting NO2 is therefore crucial for maintaining a healthy environment. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising materials for NO2 gas sensors due to their excellent electronic properties and high adsorption energy for NO2 molecules. However, conventional CNT-based sensors face challenges, including low responses at room temperature (RT) and slow recovery times. This study introduces a memristor-based NO2 gas sensor comprising CNT/ZnO/ITO decorated with an N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl] ethylene diamine (en-APTAS) membrane to enhance room-temperature-sensing performance. The amine groups in the en-APTAS membrane increase adsorption sites and boost charge transfer interactions between NO2 and the CNT surface. This modification improves the sensor’s response by 60% at 20 ppm compared to the undecorated counterpart. However, the high adsorption energy of NO2 slows the recovery process. To overcome this, a pulse-recovery method was implemented, applying a −2.5 V pulse with a 1 ms width, enabling the sensor to return to its baseline within 1 ms. These findings highlight the effectiveness of en-APTAS decoration and pulse-recovery techniques in improving the sensitivity, response, and recovery of CNT-based gas sensors.
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Luo, Jianghua, Yishan Jiang, Feng Xiao, Xin Zhao, and Zheng Xie. "Highly Sensitive p + n Metal Oxide Sensor Array for Low-Concentration Gas Detection." Sensors 18, no. 8 (August 17, 2018): 2710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18082710.
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Nowadays, despite the easy fabrication and low cost of metal oxide gas sensors, it is still challenging for them to detect gases at low concentrations. In this study, resistance-matched p-type Cu2O and n-type Ga-doped ZnO, as well as p-type CdO/LaFeO3 and n-type CdO/Sn-doped ZnO sensors were prepared and integrated into p + n sensor arrays to enhance their gas-sensing performance. The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmittance electron microscopy, and X-ray diffractometry, and gas-sensing properties were measured using ethanol and acetone as probes. The results showed that compared with individual gas sensors, the response of the sensor array was greatly enhanced and similar to the gas response product of the p- and n-type gas sensors. Specifically, the highly sensitive CdO/LaFeO3 and CdO/Sn-ZnO sensor array had a high response of 21 to 1 ppm ethanol and 14 to 1 ppm acetone, with detection limits of <0.1 ppm. The results show the effect of sensor array integration by matching the two sensor resistances, facilitating the detection of gas at a low concentration.
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Huang, Bo, Yanqiong Li, and Wen Zeng. "Application of Metal-Organic Framework-Based Composites for Gas Sensing and Effects of Synthesis Strategies on Gas-Sensitive Performance." Chemosensors 9, no. 8 (August 14, 2021): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9080226.
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Gas sensing materials, such as semiconducting metal oxides (SMOx), carbon-based materials, and polymers have been studied in recent years. Among of them, SMOx-based gas sensors have higher operating temperatures; sensors crafted from carbon-based materials have poor selectivity for gases and longer response times; and polymer gas sensors have poor stability and selectivity, so it is necessary to develop high-performance gas sensors. As a porous material constructed from inorganic nodes and multidentate organic bridging linkers, the metal-organic framework (MOF) shows viable applications in gas sensors due to its inherent large specific surface area and high porosity. Thus, compounding sensor materials with MOFs can create a synergistic effect. Many studies have been conducted on composite MOFs with three materials to control the synergistic effects to improve gas sensing performance. Therefore, this review summarizes the application of MOFs in sensor materials and emphasizes the synthesis progress of MOF composites. The challenges and development prospects of MOF-based composites are also discussed.
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Qin, Song, Lu Qu, Dong Wei, Bao Cai Zhang, and Nan Wan Qiu. "Research and Practice of New Gas Sensors Based Materials on Internet of Things." Advanced Materials Research 301-303 (July 2011): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.301-303.497.
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The development of Internet of Things has led to a sharp rise in demand for sensors. Users require that sensors can collect information from the Internet of Things in a timely and accurate way. In response to the present situation that there are only a few varieties of gas components-based materials in the application of Internet of Things. According to the new viewpoint that energy gap Eg> 2ev materials are likely to be used to develop thin film gas sensors, we have succeeded in preparing quality thin film gas sensors Fe2O3/2%CeO2and TiO2/2%CeO2by using the method of powder sputtering. Based on the concept of metal oxide Eg chemical bonds, we have successfully prepared ZnSnO3and other composite gas sensor-based materials. All these are significant in guiding the development of new gas sensor-based materials for Internet of Things sensors. This paper focuses on what we have done and how we have down in new gas sensors based materials research and practice of Internet of Things
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Cao, Rongtao, Jingyu Wu, Yang Yang, Mohan Wang, Yuqi Li, and Kevin P. Chen. "A High-Temperature Multipoint Hydrogen Sensor Using an Intrinsic Fabry–Perot Interferometer in Optical Fiber." Photonics 10, no. 3 (March 8, 2023): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10030284.
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This paper presents a multiplexable fiber optic chemical sensor with the capability of monitoring hydrogen gas concentration at high temperatures up to 750 °C. The Pd-nanoparticle infused TiO2 films coated on intrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer (IFPI) array were used as sensory films. Strains induced upon exposure to hydrogen with varied concentrations can be monitored by IFPI sensors. The fiber sensor shows a repetitive and reversible response when exposed to a low level (1–6%) of hydrogen gas. Uniform sensory behavior across all the sensing cavities is demonstrated and reported in this paper.
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Dmitrzak, Marta, Pawel Kalinowski, Piotr Jasinski, and Grzegorz Jasinski. "Identification of defected sensors in an array of amperometric gas sensors." Sensor Review 42, no. 2 (December 17, 2021): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-10-2021-0348.
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Purpose Amperometric gas sensors are commonly used in air quality monitoring in long-term measurements. Baseline shift of sensor responses and power failure may occur over time, which is an obstacle for reliable operation of the entire system. The purpose of this study is to check the possibility of using PCA method to detect defected samples, identify faulty sensor and correct the responses of the sensor identified as faulty. Design/methodology/approach In this work, the authors present the results obtained with six amperometric sensors. An array of sensors was exposed to sulfur dioxide at the following concentrations: 0 ppm (synthetic air), 50 ppb, 100 ppb, 250 ppb, 500 ppb and 1000 ppb. The damage simulation consisted in adding to the sensor response a value of 0.05 and 0.1 µA and replacing the responses of one of sensors with a constant value of 0 and 0.15 µA. Sensor validity index was used to identify a damaged sensor in the matrix, and its responses were corrected via iteration method. Findings The results show that the methods used in this work can be potentially applied to detect faulty sensor responses. In the case of simulation of damage by baseline shift, it was possible to achieve 100% accuracy in damage detection and identification of the damaged sensor. The method was not very successful in simulating faults by replacing the sensor response with a value of 0 µA, due to the fact that the sensors mostly gave responses close to 0 µA, as long as they did not detect SO2 concentrations below 250 ppb and the failure was treated as a correct response. Originality/value This work was inspired by methods of simulating the most common failures that occurs in amperometric gas sensors. For this purpose, simulations of the baseline shift and faults related to a power failure or a decrease in sensitivity were performed.
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Cämmerer, Malcolm, Thomas Mayer, Stefanie Penzel, Mathias Rudolph, and Helko Borsdorf. "Application of Low-Cost Electrochemical Sensors to Aqueous Systems to Allow Automated Determination of NH3 and H2S in Water." Sensors 20, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 2814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20102814.
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Usage of commercially available electrochemical gas sensors is currently limited by both the working range of the sensor with respect to temperature and humidity and the spikes in sensor response caused by sudden changes in temperature or humidity. Using a thermostatically controlled chamber, the sensor response of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide sensors was studied under extreme, rapidly changing levels of humidity with the aim of analyzing nebulized water samples. To protect the sensors from damage, the gas stream was alternated between a saturated gas stream from a Flow Blurring® nebulizer and a dry air stream. When switching between high and low humidity gas streams, the expected current spike was observed and mathematically described. Using this mathematical model, the signal response due to the change in humidity could be subtracted from the measured signal and the sensor response to the target molecule recorded. As the sensor response is determined by the model while the sensor is acclimatizing to the new humid conditions, a result is calculated faster than that by systems that rely on stable humidity. The use of the proposed mathematical model thus widens the scope of electrochemical gas sensors to include saturated gas streams, for example, from nebulized water samples, and gas streams with variable humidity.
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Quelennec, Aurore, Éric Duchesne, Hélène Frémont, and Dominique Drouin. "Source Separation Using Sensor’s Frequency Response: Theory and Practice on Carbon Nanotubes Sensors." Sensors 19, no. 15 (August 2, 2019): 3389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19153389.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, there is an increased demand in integrated sensors for electronic devices. Multi-functional sensors provide the same amount of data using fewer sensors. Carbon nanotubes are non-selectively sensitive to temperature, gas and strain. Thus, carbon nanotubes are perfect candidates to design multi-functional sensors. In our study, we are interested in a dual humidity-temperature sensor. Here, we present a novel method to differentiate at least two sources using the sensor’s frequency responses based on multiwall carbon nanotubes sensors. The experimental results demonstrate that there are temperature- or moisture-invariant frequencies of the impedance magnitude, and their values depend on the sensor’s geometry. The proposed measurement model shows that source-invariant frequencies of the phase can be also determined. In addition, the source separation method is generalized to other materials or sources enabling multi-functional sensors for environment monitoring.
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Chen, Xiaohu, Ryan Wreyford, and Noushin Nasiri. "Recent Advances in Ethylene Gas Detection." Materials 15, no. 17 (August 23, 2022): 5813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15175813.
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The real-time detecting and monitoring of ethylene gas molecules could benefit the agricultural, horticultural and healthcare industries. In this regard, we comprehensively review the current state-of-the-art ethylene gas sensors and detecting technologies, covering from preconcentrator-equipped gas chromatographic systems, Fourier transform infrared technology, photonic crystal fiber-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, surface acoustic wave and photoacoustic sensors, printable optically colorimetric sensor arrays to a wide range of nanostructured chemiresistive gas sensors (including the potentiometric and amperometric-type FET-, CNT- and metal oxide-based sensors). The nanofabrication approaches, working conditions and sensing performance of these sensors/technologies are carefully discussed, and a possible roadmap for the development of ethylene detection in the near future is proposed.
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Xu, Hong Yan, Xing Qiao Chen, Ling Zhan Fang, and Bing Qiang Cao. "Preparation and Characterization of Cerium-Doped Tin Oxide Gas Sensors." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 1450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.1450.
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In this paper, the precursors were synthesized by microwave hydrothermal method using SnCl4•5H2O and Ce(NO3)3·6H2O as raw material, CO(NH2)2 as precipitants, respectively. Pure SnO2 nanoparticles and cerium-doped SnO2 nanoparticles were obtained. Furthermore, five kinds of SnO2 thick film gas sensors were fabricated from the above SnO2 nanoparticles (the sensors denoted as sensor SC0, SC2, SC3, SC4 and SC6, respectively). The experiment results showed that, compared with pure SnO2 thick film gas sensor, the intrinsic resistance of cerium-doped SnO2 thick film gas sensors decreased, and their sensor responses to acetone vapor increased, which are discussed in relation to the SEM micrographs of thick film sensors.
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Yadav, Anshul, and Niraj Sinha. "Nanomaterial-based gas sensors: A review on experimental and theoretical studies." Materials Express 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2022.2121.
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Gas sensors play an essential role in various fields such as public safety, environmental monitoring, medical engineering, food monitoring, pharmaceutical industries and clinical diagnostic, to name a few. The need for miniaturized sensors possessing high sensitivity, time response, selectivity, reproducibility, durability, and low cost has driven the discovery of nanomaterials-based gas sensing devices due to their inherent properties such as chemical/physical gas adsorption capabilities and high surface-to-volume ratio. Studies in the literature highlight the development of gas sensors using novel nanomaterials to detect toxic gases. The gas molecules are sensed by the nanomaterial due to adsorption of the gas on the sensor surface, which leads to conductivity change in the nanomaterial. However, the sensing mechanism is quite complicated. Computational studies help the researchers elucidate the physical understanding behind such a complicated mechanism and aid in developing tailored nanomaterials for gas sensing applications. This review outlines different sensor types and the advantages and disadvantages of each sensor for various applications. Different nanostructure-based gas sensors and recent studies are discussed elaborately. The contributions made by theoretical and experimental studies in studying the gas sensing applications of nanomaterials are also discussed.
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Sembodo, Shafanda Nabil, Nazrul Effendy, Kenny Dwiantoro, and Nidlom Muddin. "Radial basis network estimator of oxygen content in the flue gas of debutanizer reboiler." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 3 (June 1, 2022): 3044. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i3.pp3044-3050.
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<span>The energy efficiency in the debutanizer reboiler combustion can be monitored from the oxygen content of the flue gas of the reboiler. The measurement of the oxygen content can be conducted in situ using an oxygen sensor. However, soot that may appear around the sensor due to the combustion process in the debutanizer reboiler can obstruct the sensor’s function. In-situ redundancy sensors’ unavailability is a significant problem when the sensor is damaged, so measures must be made directly by workers using portable devices. On the other hand, worker safety is a primary concern when working in high-risk work areas. In this paper, we propose a software-based measurement or soft sensor to overcome the problems. The radial basis function network model makes soft sensors adapt to data updates because of their advantage as a universal approximator. The estimation of oxygen content with a soft sensor has been successfully carried out. The soft sensor generates an estimated mean square error of 0.216% with a standard deviation of 0.0242%. Stochastics gradient descent algorithm with momentum acceleration and dimension reduction using principal component analysis successfully improves the soft sensors’ performance.</span>
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Peng, Kaiyan, Qiang Li, Mingwei Ma, Na Li, Haoran Sheng, Haoyu Li, Yujie Huang, and Feng Yun. "Acidic Gas Determination Using Indium Tin Oxide-Based Gas Sensors." Sensors 24, no. 4 (February 17, 2024): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24041286.
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This work has presented gas sensors based on indium tin oxide (ITO) for the detection of SO2 and NO2. The ITO gas-sensing material was deposited by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. The properties of gas sensing could be improved by increasing the ratio of SnO2. The response characteristics of the gas sensor for detecting different concentrations of NO2 and SO2 were investigated. In the detection of NO2, the sensitivity was significantly improved by increasing the SnO2 ratio in ITO by 5%, and the response and recovery time were reduced significantly. However, the sensitivity of the sensor decreased with increasing SO2 concentration. From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, the gas-sensitive response mechanisms were different in the atmosphere of NO2 and SO2. The NO2 was adsorbed by ITO via physisorption but the SO2 had a chemical reaction with the ITO surface. The gas selectivity, temperature dependence, and environmental humidity of ITO-based gas sensors were systematically analyzed. The high detection sensitivity for acidic gas of the prepared sensor presented great potential for acid rain monitoring.
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Lee, Jae-Hyoung, Thanh-Binh Nguyen, Duy-Khoi Nguyen, Jae-Hun Kim, Jin-Young Kim, Bach Thang Phan, and Sang Sub Kim. "Gas Sensing Properties of Mg-Incorporated Metal–Organic Frameworks." Sensors 19, no. 15 (July 29, 2019): 3323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19153323.
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The gas sensing properties of two novel series of Mg-incorporated metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), termed Mg-MOFs-I and -II, were assessed. The synthesized iso-reticular type Mg-MOFs exhibited good crystallinity, high thermal stability, needle-shape morphology and high surface area (up to 2900 m2·g−1), which are promising for gas sensing applications. Gas-sensing studies of gas sensors fabricated from Mg-MOFs-II revealed better sensing performance, in terms of the sensor dynamics and sensor response, at an optimal operating temperature of 200 °C. The MOF gas sensor with a larger pore size and volume showed shorter response and recovery times, demonstrating the importance of the pore size and volume on the kinetic properties of MOF-based gas sensors. The gas-sensing results obtained in this study highlight the potential of Mg-MOFs gas sensors for the practical monitoring of toxic gases in a range of environments.
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Qin, Song, Bao Cai Zhang, Dong Wei, Lu Qu, and Nan Wan Qiu. "Research and Development of Thin Film Gas Sensor and its GPRS Wireless Sensor Based on Internet of Things." Advanced Materials Research 301-303 (July 2011): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.301-303.503.
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Wireless sensor network is a new area of research in the computer science and technology. In response to the demand for a variety of network sensors, this paper describes thin film gas sensors and wireless sensor development, puts forword the manu facturing technology of producing thin film gas sensor with reactive powder doped sputtering method, discusses properties related to gas sensing.and power consumption. And introduces how thin film gas sensor chip and its related GPRS wireless sensor in order to lay the foundation for their application in Internet of Things.
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Kim, June Young, Igor Kaganovich, and Hyo-Chang Lee. "Review of the gas breakdown physics and nanomaterial-based ionization gas sensors and their applications." Plasma Sources Science and Technology 31, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 033001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ac4574.
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Abstract Ionization gas sensors are ubiquitous tools that can monitor desired gases or detect abnormalities in real time to protect the environment of living organisms or to maintain clean and/or safe environment in industries. The sensors’ working principle is based on the fingerprinting of the breakdown voltage of one or more target gases using nanostructured materials. Fundamentally, nanomaterial-based ionization-gas sensors operate within a large framework of gas breakdown physics; signifying that an overall understanding of the gas breakdown mechanism is a crucial factor in the technological development of ionization gas sensors. Moreover, many studies have revealed that physical properties of nanomaterials play decisive roles in the gas breakdown physics and the performance of plasma-based gas sensors. Based on this insight, this review provides a comprehensive description of the foundation of both the gas breakdown physics and the nanomaterial-based ionization-gas-sensor technology, as well as introduces research trends on nanomaterial-based ionization gas sensors. The gas breakdown is reviewed, including the classical Townsend discharge theory and modified Paschen curves; and nanomaterial-based-electrodes proposed to improve the performance of ionization gas sensors are introduced. The secondary electron emission at the electrode surface is the key plasma–surface process that affects the performance of ionization gas sensors. Finally, we present our perspectives on possible future directions.