Academic literature on the topic 'Gas-solid chromatography (GSC)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Gas-solid chromatography (GSC)"
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Namratha, Sunkara*, Manisha B., Harshita B., Anjali B., Ishwarya B., and Akhila B. "REVIEW ARTICLE GAS – CHROMATOGRAPHY (GC)." World Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research 3, no. 1 (2024): 23–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10939869.
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Gas chromatography is a term used to describe the group of analytical separation technique used to analyze volatile substance in the gas phase. In gas chromatography, the components of a sample are dissolved in a solvent and vaporized in order to separate the analyte by distributing the sample between two phases: a stationary phase and a mobile phase. The mobile phase is chemically inert gas that serves to carry the molecules of the analyte through the heated column. Gas chromatography is one of the sole forms of chromatography that does not utilize the mobile phase for interacting with the analyte. The stationary phase is either a solid adsorbant, termed gas-solid chromatography (GSC), or a liquid on an inert support termed gas - liquid chromatography (GLC). Gas chromatography is an instrumental technique used forensically in drug analysis, arson, toxicology analyse of other organic compounds.
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Nilam A.Nikam, Nilam A. Nikam, Sandhya P. Kadam Sandhya P.Kadam, and Dr Vivek Kumar K. Redasani Dr. Vivek Kumar K.Redasani. "A Comprehensive Review on Gas chromatography." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications 10, no. 3 (2025): 18–33. https://doi.org/10.35629/4494-10031833.
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Gas chromatography is the general term for a range of analytical separation techniques used to analyze volatiles in the gas phase. Gas chromatography separates the analytes by separating the sample into two phases, the stationary phase and the mobile phase, by dissolving the sample components in a solvent and evaporating them. The mobile phase is chemically inertGas, which transports the analyte molecules through the heated column.Gas Chromatography is one of the only chromatography's that interacts with analytes without the use ofMobile phases. The stationary phase is either a solid adsorbent, calledGas-Solid Chromatography (GSC), or a liquid on an inert support, called GasLiquidChromatography (GLC). Gas chromatography is an instrumental technique used forensically in drug analysis, arson, and toxicology analysis of other organic compounds.
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Li, Bincai(Pun Choi). "Studies of Polymer Properties via Inverse Gas Chromatography." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 69, no. 3 (1996): 347–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538377.
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Abstract Gas Chromatosraphy (GC) using a polymer as the stationary phase to reveal the properties of the polymer — known as Inverse Gas Chromatography (IGC) — is in contrast to conventional GC where gaseous components in the mobile phase are separated and studied. Figure l(a) and l(b) are schematic diagrams showing the arrangement of apparatus in a gas Chromatograph for IGC. The column is filled with packings consisting of thin layer of polymer coated onto an inert support, typically Chromosorb W, Chromosorb G (70 ∼ 80 mesh, acid washed and dimethyldichlorosilane treated), or Teflon. The carrier gas, such as N2, H2, or He, acts as the mobile phase. The solvent, injected as a sharp pulse and vaporized immediately into the carrier gas stream at the entrance of the column, is called the probe. As the probe is carried forward, it is partitioned between the mobile gas phase and the stationary polymer phase. The time required to elute the probe through the column is called the retention time (elution is monitored in the detector and reflected on the recorder or integrator as a peak maximum). The corresponding amount of carrier gas needed is called the retention volume. The detector for the probe may be a thermal conductivity cell (TCD) or flame ionization detector (FID). When an FID is used, the flow of gas is diverted to the flow meter before it reaches the detector as shown in Figure l(b). Some notes on the experimental techniques will be discussed in Section IX. GC has been classified into Gas-Liquid Chromatography (GLC) and Gas-Solid Chromatography (GSC) according to whether the stationary phase is a liquid or a solid, respectively. In IGC, the process is GLC when the temperature of the polymer under investigation is far above its glass transition temperature Tg. The retention is due to absorption of the solvent vapor into the polymer bulk (an amorphous polymer above Tg is viewed as a liquid). When the temperature of the polymer is well below its Tg, the process is GSC and the retention mechanism becomes adsorption of the vapor onto the polymer surface. We shall initially discuss the GLC of polymers and then extend our discussions to GSC. Important applications of IGC to polymer research have been the studies of the thermodynamics of polymer-solvent and polymer-polymer interactions via GLC.
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Kirtimaya, Mishra* Dr. K. Balamurugan1 Dr. R. Suresh1. "A REVIEW: AN APPROACH TOWARDS THE ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR DETERMINATION OF NEWER DRUGS." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH 07, no. 01 (2017): 7353–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1006749.
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In this present scenario for treating various diseases several new drugs were invented. Before launching to the market these drugs must undergo analytical validation process. In this review some of analytical techniques such as ultraviolet/ visible spectrophotometry, fluorimetry, capillary electrophoresis, and chromatographic methods (gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography), LC-MS, GC-MS, SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION, NMR, MASS Spectrophotometry LC/MS/MS LC/UV X-ray crystallography were discussed.
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Abeer, Fauzi Al-Rubaye, Hadi Hameed Imad, and Jawad Kadhim Mohanad. "A Review: Uses of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Technique for Analysis of Bioactive Natural Compounds of Some Plants." International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research 9, no. 1 (2017): 81–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12754849.
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Chromatography is the term used to describe a separation technique in which a mobile phase carrying a mixture is caused to move in contact with a selectively absorbent stationary phase. It also plays a fundamental role as an analytical technique for quality control and standardization of phyto therapeuticals. Gas Chromatography is used in the separation and analysis of multi component mixtures such as essential oils, hydrocarbons and solvents. Various temperature programs can be used to make the readings more meaningful; for example to differentiate between substances that behave similarly during the GC process. Intrinsically, with the use of the flame ionization detector and the electron capture detector (which have very high sensitivities) gas chromatography can quantitatively determine materials present at very low concentrations. Plants are a rich source of secondary metabolites with interesting biological activities. In general, these secondary metabolites are an important source with a variety of structural arrangements and properties. Gas chromatography – specifically gas-liquid chromatography – involves a sample being vapourised and injected onto the head of the chromatographic column. The sample is transported through the column by the flow of inert, gaseous mobile phase. The column itself contains a liquid stationary phase which is adsorbed onto the surface of an inert solid. The principle of gas chromatography is adsorption and partition. Within the family of chromatography- based methods gas chromatography (GC) is one of the most widely used techniques. GC-MS has become a highly recommended tool for monitoring and tracking organic pollutants in the environment. GC-MS is exclusively used for the analysis of esters, fatty acids, alcohols, aldehydes, terpenes etc. It is the key tool used in sports anti-doping laboratories to test athlete’s urine samples for prohibited performanceenhancing drugs like anabolic steroids. Several GC-MS have left earth for the astro chemistry studies. <strong> </strong>As a unique and powerful technology the GC-MS provides a rare opportunity to perform the analysis of new compounds for characterization and identification of synthesized or derivatized compound.
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Rudakov, Yaroslav O., Vladimir F. Selemenev, Ludmila V. Rudakova, and Oleg B. Rudakov. "Chromatographic approaches to food quality control by chemical compo-sition." Сорбционные и хроматографические процессы 24, no. 2 (2024): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/sorpchrom.2024.24/12125.
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The article provides an overview of chromatographic methods, which, when used comprehensively, ensure food quality control and safety. It considers gas chromatography methods that allow analysing volatile components in products using a flame ionization detector, an electron capture detector, and mass-selective detectors (GC-FID, GC-ECD, GC-MS, and GC-MS/MS). The article provides a list of analytes that can be detected by high performance liquid chromatography in combination with refractometric, spectrometric, and mass selective detectors (HPLC-RMD, HPLC-UV, HPLC-SPD, HPLC-MS, and HPLC-MS/MS). The study showed how ion chromatography and capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detectors (IC-ECD, CE-ECD) can be used to detect ionogenic compounds. It highlighted the importance of thin layer chromatography (TLC) in combination with optical digital colour recording devices in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of contaminants in food products. Since it has been established that micro- and nanoplastics have a negative impact on human health, it is very important to detect these particles in food products. This task can be solved by using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC), as well as the method of field-flaw fractionation (FFF). It was shown that the GC-MS method is now becoming a priority instrumental method used in accredited analytical laboratories to identify impurities of contaminants in agricultural products. The pyrolytic GC-MS method is promising in this regard. The pyrolytic cell does not require the transfer of a solid sample into a solution for its analysis. The paper considers extraction and sorption methods for the preparation of samples for chromatographic analysis. A variety of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE.) methods are most commonly used. Recently, the QuEChERS method has been developed and widely implemented. The overview is primarily based on the papers dedicated to chromatography and related separation methods published by researchers belonging to Voronezh scientific schools.
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Ivanova, Yu A., Z. A. Temerdashev, I. A. Kolychev, and N. V. Kiseleva. "Determination of polymeric functional additives in diesel fuel by gel penetration chromatography." Аналитика и контроль 25, no. 1 (2021): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2020.25.1.003.
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Current article is devoted to the development of a method for determining polymer functional additives and their molecular weight characteristics in diesel fuel by gel penetration chromatography. The objects of the study were solutions of “C5A”, “Maxoil D”, “Detersol”, polymethymethacrylate “D” (PMAD), “Keropur D ”, Antigel “Difron 3319” and “Superantigel” individual additives as well as the diesel fuel produced by the “Kuban Oil and Gas Company - Ilskiy Oil Refinery”, LLC. The conditions for chromatographic separation and determination of polymeric functional additives were determined considering the analyzed fuel matrix, the working range of the separated masses and molecular weights of analytes, and the composition of the eluent applicable for wide range of analytes. The chromatographic system was calibrated using the narrowly dispersed analytical standard polystyrene samples with molecular weights of 1000, 2000, 4000, 10000, 30,000, 50,000, and 70,000 Da respectively. The molecular weight characteristics were calculated for each functional additive from the analytical standard samples of polystyrene. The method of GPC determination of polymeric functional additives in diesel fuel, along with the concentration characteristics, also makes it possible to determine the molecular weight parameters of wide range of polymeric functional additives; therefore, it is promising for monitoring the quality of the diesel fuel. The proposed analytical scheme was tested in the analysis of real sample of diesel fuel. The GPC scheme for the determination of the “Keroflux 3699” depressant-dispersant additive in diesel fuel included sample preparation using the solid-phase extraction, calibration of the chromatographic system using the standard polystyrene samples, GPC determination of additive components, and the calculation of molecular weight characteristics. The molecular weight characteristics of the “Keroflux 3699” depressant dispersant additive in diesel fuel have been established - the number average and weight average molecular weights equivalent to polystyrene were 10,300 and 8800 Da respectively, and the polydispersity index of the additive was 1.17.
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He, Wei, Yanru Chen, Chen Yang, et al. "Optimized Multiresidue Analysis of Organic Contaminants of Priority Concern in a Daily Consumed Fish (Grass Carp)." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9294024.
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The organic contaminants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are of priority concern because of their persistence, toxicity, and long-distance transportation in global environment. Their residues in a daily consumed fish (grass carp) pose potential threat to human health and aquatic ecosystems. The present study optimized an analytical protocol of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), lip-removal by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), cleanup by solid phase cartridge (SC) or adsorption chromatography column (CC), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Besides traditional statistical parameters, some indicators were calculated to judge the performances of extraction by various methods. The optimization experiment showed that n-hexane/acetone was the best MEA extraction solvent; an optimal fraction time of 10–39 min could simultaneously elute all the target chemicals in a single GPC run. Both CC and SC showed good recoveries. However, CC performed better than SC (p<0.05) for OCPs, and SC performed better than CC for PBDEs (p<0.05). We also emphasized the limitations and advantages of SC and CC and finally proposed SC as the promising cleanup method because of its low-cost materials, time-saving steps, being free of manual filling, and operation by automated SPE system.
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Zhang, Chang Ming, and Xiao Li Su. "Multiple-Instrument Analysis and their Relationship with Process Development." Advanced Materials Research 699 (May 2013): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.699.371.
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The waste polymer-polyethylene (PE) was treated in a supercritical water (SCW) system under different operation conditions (such as temperature, heat rate and ratio of water and PE material). The obtained liquid oil products and solid-products were analyzed by conjunct methods including high performance gel penetration chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography (GC). A relationship of the characteristics of the products and the operation conditions in waste treatment was established. The results of FTIR and GC analyses indicated that the liquid oil products contain a large amount of alkanes, which are suitable for using as fuel oil. Through a series of experiments, the optimum operation conditions were defined as follows：The amount of PE sample: 6g, H2O/PE ratio: 6/1, the reaction temperature (Tem): 460° C, heating rate (Vt): 7.66 (°C / second), the yield of products: 86.0%.
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Rakitskii, V. N., N. E. Fedorova, V. V. Bayusheva, O. E. Egorchenkova, and L. G. Bondareva. "DETERMINATION OF 2,4-D IN SOME FOOD PRODUCTS (MILK, EGGS, LIVER, KIDNEYS) BY CHROMATOGRAPHY METHODS." Toxicological Review, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2018-1-20-25.
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The modern technique for the determination of 2,4-D, that belongs to global environmental pollutants, including the use of the technology of sample preparation - dispersive solid-phase-liquid extraction (QuEChERS), new for products of animal origin, has been developed. The sample preparation procedure includes the steps of: preliminary freezing of the sample to be analyzed, extraction with acetonitrile containing 1% acetic acid in the presence of MgSO4 and NaCl, purification by dispersive solid-phase extraction using a mixture of sorbents based on primarysecondary amine, octadecylsilane and graphitized carbon black, the freeze of the solution - at the last stage. Using the proposed technique allows to isolate the desired component from a matrix with a high content of animal fat into a selected organic solvent with high efficiency, that made it possible to expand significantly the arsenal of analytical equipment used to detect residual amounts of 2,4-D in food products of agricultural production, for example milk, eggs and offal (liver, kidney): tandem liquid mass-spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), gas-liquid chromatography with mass-selective and electron-capture detectors (GLC-MSD, GLC-ECD). The lower limit of the quantitative determination is 2,4-D: 0,005 mg/kg for milk and eggs, 0.05 mg/kg for the liver and kidneys. Completeness of extraction is 85-94%, RMS of repeatability is 3,4-11,4%.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gas-solid chromatography (GSC)"
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Stehlík, Pavel. "Stanovení vybraných strobilurinových pesticidů v ječmeni, sladu a pivu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216412.
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This diploma work is aimed determination of strobilurine pesticide in barly, malt and berr. Identifikation of strobilurine was made according to mass spectra library and base of commercialy standard. The next quantifikation in samples was made. The work consist of three main parts refer about problems. In therotical part is the method of plant, grown protection. This part is about pesticides and their fission, history and effects. In experimental part is method for determination strobilurine. In part results and discussion are all result and data in tables a graphs. At the end is sumed up result this work.
Book chapters on the topic "Gas-solid chromatography (GSC)"
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Sewell, Peter A. "High-performance liquid chromatography." In Lipid Analysis. Oxford University PressOxford, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199630981.003.0005.
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Abstract High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is, in many areas, the main technique used for analysis. However, in the area of lipid analysis its use is still relatively uncommon, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography (GC) are the more commonly used techniques. Both of these techniques have advantages and disadvantages compared to HPLC: TLC is a very simple and cheap technique but it is a relatively inefficient process and is difficult to quantitate; GLC (gas-liquid chromatography) is easier to use and the equipment is cheaper than HPLC, but samples must be capable of being volatilized without decomposition. Thus, whilst it is unlikely that HPLC will ever displace GC as the preferred technique for the analysis of fatty acids the use of HPLC will increase in other areas of lipid analysis. HPLC is the analogue of gas chromatography where the stationary phase, be it a liquid, a solid surface, an ion-exchange resin or a porous polymer, is held in a metal column and the liquid mobile phase is forced through under pressure. The analyte is injected into the mobile-phase stream and the separated components are detected as they elute from the column. The ‘chromatogram’ (a trace of the variation in component concentration against time) may be used to obtain both qualitative and quantitative information. For a discussion on the technique of HPLC the reader is referred to any of the several texts available on the subject (1-3). Only those topics which are essential to an understanding of the methodology presented later in the chapter will be discussed here.
Conference papers on the topic "Gas-solid chromatography (GSC)"
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Liu, Fei, and Gang tian Zhu. "SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION COMBINED WITH COMPREHENSIVE TWO-DIMENSIONAL GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR ANALYSIS OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS IN BIODEGRADABLE OILS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-335059.
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Lin, Jie, Wanjun Wang, Michael C. Murphy, and Edward Overton. "A Bond Graph Model for the Sample Extraction / Injection System of a Micro-Sized Gas Chromatographic Instrument." In ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-1354.
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Abstract A bond graph model of the sample extraction/injection system of a prototype portable gas chromatographic instrument has been developed. In addition to performing the same functions as current portable GCs, the new generation of GC instruments is designed to perform extraction of analytes from liquid and solid samples. A novel sample extraction/injection module is essential to the improved performance of the portable instrument, which will include microfabricated components such as inlets, interface chips, fluid channels, control valves, optimal heater/sensor combinations, and multi-port connectors. Predicting the performance of the system in this operating regime requires the modeling and analysis of system behavior in two interacting energy domains, fluid and thermal. Simulation results using the bond graph model closely match available experimental data, with differences typically less than 10%. This demonstrates that fluid dynamic theory for macro-scale systems, and the bond graph method based on it, can be readily applied to micro-scale systems with these dimensions.
Reports on the topic "Gas-solid chromatography (GSC)"
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Wood, William F., David L. Largent, and Darvin A. DeShazer. The cooked shellfish-odour of the mushroom Russula xerampelina. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/biosystecol.3.e115244.
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The “shrimp mushroom”, Russula xerampelina, has a strong cooked shellfish odour. Headspace volatiles from fresh sporocarps of this mushroom were analysed using solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Trimethylamine and trimethylamine N-oxide were the only volatile compounds detected emanating from the fruiting body. Trime- thylamine is noted for its fishy, cooked crab or cooked shrimp-like odour.
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Conrady, Morgan, Markus Bauer, Kyoo Jo, Donald Cropek, and Ryan Busby. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for determination of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in volatile emissions from soil disturbance. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42289.
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A method is described here for the concentration and determination of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) from the gaseous phase, with translation to field collection and quantification from soil disturbances in situ. The method is based on the use of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers for adsorption of volatile chemicals from the vapor phase, followed by desorption into a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) for analysis. The use of a SPME fiber allows simple introduction to the GC-MS without further sample preparation. Several fiber sorbent types were studied and the 50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS was the best performer to maximize the detected peak areas of both analytes combined. Factors such as extraction temperature and time along with desorption temperature and time were explored with respect to analyte recovery. An extraction temperature of 30 ◦C for 10 min, with a desorption temperature of 230 ◦C for 4 min was best for the simultaneous analysis of both geosmin and 2-MIB without complete loss of either one. The developed method was used successfully to measure geosmin and 2-MIB emission from just above disturbed and undisturbed soils, indicating that this method detects both compounds readily from atmospheric samples. Both geosmin and 2-MIB were present as background concentrations in the open air, while disturbed soils emitted much higher concentrations of both compounds. Surprisingly, 2-MIB was always detected at higher concentrations than geosmin, indicating that a focus on its detection may be more useful for soil emission monitoring and more sensitive to low levels of soil disturbance.
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Naim, Michael, Gary R. Takeoka, Haim D. Rabinowitch, and Ron G. Buttery. Identification of Impact Aroma Compounds in Tomato: Implications to New Hybrids with Improved Acceptance through Sensory, Chemical, Breeding and Agrotechnical Techniques. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585204.bard.
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The tomato, a profitable vegetable crop in both the USA and Israel, has benefited significantly from intensive breeding efforts in both countries, and elsewhere (esp. Holland). : Modem hybrids are highly prolific and resistant to a variety of major pests. They produce attractive, firm fruit for both processing and fresh-marketing. In all cases, however, reduction in flavor and aroma have occurred concomitantly with the increase in yield. Sugars-acids ratio dominate fruit taste, whereas aroma volatiles (potent at minute ppb and ppt levels) contribute to the total characteristic tomato flavor. An increase in sugars (1-2%) contributes significantly to tomato fruit taste. However, because of energy reasons, an increase in fruit sugars is immediately compensated for by a decrease in yield. Our main objectives were to: (a) pinpoint and identify the major impact aroma components of fresh tomato; (b) study the genetic and environmental effects on fruit aroma; (c) determine precursors of appealing (flavors) and repelling (off-flavors) aroma compounds in tomato. Addition of saturated salts blocked all enzymatic activities prior to isolation of volatiles by dynamic and static headspace, using solvent assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) and solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) from highly favored (FA-612 and FA-624) and less preferred (R 144 and R 175) tomato genotypes. Impact aroma components were determined by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC- MS) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). The potent odorant (Z)-1,5-octadien-3-one, was identified for the first time in fresh tomato. From the ca. 400 volatile compounds in the headspace of fresh tomato, the following compounds are proposed to be impact aroma compounds: (Z)-3-hexenal, hexanal, 1-penten-3-one, 2-phenylethanol, (E)-2-hexenal, phenyl acetaldehyde, b-ionone, b-damascenone, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3-(2H)-furanone (FuraneolR), (Z)-l,5-octadien-3-one, methional, 1-octen-3-one, guaiacol, (E,E)- and (E,Z)- 2,4-decadienal and trans- and cis-4,5-EPOXY -(E)-2-decenal. This confirms the initial hypothesis that only a small number of volatiles actually contribute to the sensation of fruit aroma. Tomato matrix significantly affected the volatility of certain impact aroma components and thus led to the conclusion that direct analysis of molecules in the headspace . may best represent access of tomato volatiles to the olfactory receptors. Significant differences in certain odorants were found between preferred and less-preferred cultivars. Higher consumer preference was correlated with higher concentrations of the following odorants: l-penten-3-one, (Z)-3-hexenal, (E,E)- and (E,Z)-2,4-decadienal and especially Furaneol, whereas lower consumer preference was associated with higher concentrations of methional, 3-methylbutyric acid, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-phenylethanol, and 2-isobutylthiazole. Among environmental factors (salinity, N source, growth temperature), temperature had significant effects on the content of selected aroma compounds (e.g., 3-methylbutanal, 1- penten-3-one, hexanal, (Z)-3-hexenal, (E)-2-hexenal, 2-isobutylthiazole, 6-methyl-5-hepten- 2-one, 1-octen-3-one, methional, 2-phenylethanal, phenyl acetaldehyde, and eugenol) in fresh tomatoes. Salt stress (20 mM NaCl) increased the content of odorants such as (Z)-3-hexenal, 2-phenylethanol and 3-methylbutanal in the R-144 cultivar whereas salinity had minor effects on 1-pentene-3-one, 2-isobutylthiazole and b-ionone. This fundamental knowledge obtained by comprehensive investigation, using modem chemical, sensory and agrotechnical methodology will assist future attempts to genetically modify the concentrations of key odorants in fresh tomatoes, and thus keep the tomato production of Israel and the USA competitive on the world market.