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Journal articles on the topic 'Gas-vapor cavity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kosenkov, V.M. "Influence of Vapor-Gas Cavity on Pressure Field in Closed Discharge Chamber with Rigid Walls." Электронная oбработка mатериалов 3-4, no. 56 (2020): 42–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3970429.

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The pressure field in discharge chambers of a limited volume, with rigid walls, very often has a great influence on the efficiency of technological processes; therefore, its determination is an urgent task. As a result of the electric discharge in the liquid filling of the discharge chamber, in it, a cavity with a higher compressibility is formed than the liquid in the chamber. At the discharge stage, this cavity is filled with non-ideal plasma, and after discharge, liquid vapor and gases are dissolved in it (vapor-gas cavity). Its pulsations form a pressure field in the discharge chamber. The

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2

Kosenkov, V. "Influence of Vapor-Gas Cavity on Pressure Field in Closed Discharge Chamber with Rigid Walls." Elektronnaya Obrabotka Materialov 57, no. 3 (2021): 102–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52577/eom.2021.57.3.102.

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The pressure field in discharge chambers of a limited volume with deformable walls very often has a great influence on the efficiency of technological processes of deformation of sheet alloys; therefore, its determination is an urgent task. As a result of an electric discharge in the liquid filling the discharge chamber, in it, a cavity with a higher compressibility is formed than the liquid in the chamber. At the stage of the discharge, this cavity is filled with non-ideal plasma, and after the discharge, with liquid vapor and gases dissolved in it (vapor-gas cavity). Its pulsations form a pr

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3

Slesareva, Ekaterina, Ruslan Dekhtyar, and Valeriy Ovchinnikov. "Dynamics of the vapor cavity in the vertical tube of a small diameter after boiling-up in aqueous lithium bromide solutions." MATEC Web of Conferences 194 (2018): 01054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819401054.

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Dynamics of a single vapor cavity, moving under gravity in a vertical tube of a small diameter, has been studied. The experiment was carried out in water and aqueous LiBr solution in a tube with the length of 400 mm and diameter of 16 mm. Experiments have shown that dynamics of the rising vapor cavity after-the-fact boiling-up of aqueous LiBr solution in a vertical tube of a small diameter for some initial conditions differs qualitatively from dynamics of a gas bubble rising in a pool. Dynamics of the vapor cavity in aqueous LiBr solution and in water demonstrates quantitative but not qualitat

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4

Li, Fei, Taiyu Wang, Kai Yang, et al. "Effect of fuel temperature on mixing characteristics of a kerosene jet injected into a cavity-based supersonic combustor." Physics of Fluids 35, no. 4 (2023): 043307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0145494.

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To explain the phenomenon observed in previous experiments of kerosene-ignition failure in scramjet combustors as the kerosene temperature increases, we numerically investigate the mixing characteristics of a kerosene jet injected into a cavity-based supersonic combustor at different injection temperatures by using a compressible two-phase flow large-eddy simulation based on the Eulerian–Lagrangian approach. The results indicate that, upon injecting kerosene at high temperatures, the flow field preceding the leading edge of the cavity is similar to a typical gas jet in supersonic crossflow. Th

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5

Eden, T. J., T. F. Miller, and H. R. Jacobs. "The Centerline Pressure and Cavity Shape of Horizontal Plane Choked Vapor Jets With Low Condensation Potential." Journal of Heat Transfer 120, no. 4 (1998): 999–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2825921.

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A study of plane, underexpanded, condensing vapor jets was undertaken using flash photography and a ventilated pressure probe. This study examined horizontal jets with much lower condensation driving potentials than have been previously studied. Photographic measurements of jet expansion angles, spread angles, cavity lengths, and cavity shapes were recorded and compared with numerical predictions using a parabolic, locally homogeneous flow model that had been modified to incorporate entrainment and condensation effects. When rendered dimensionless by the nozzle width rather than diameter, the

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6

Xu, Rongqing, Rui Zhao, Yiping Cui, Jian Lu, and Xiaowu Ni. "The collapse and rebound of gas–vapor cavity on metal surface." Optik 120, no. 3 (2009): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2007.06.017.

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7

Oliviero, Erwan, Sophie Collin, Cyril Bachelet, Jeremy Moeyaert, Vladimir A. Borodin, and Marie Odile Ruault. "Evolution of Ar Implanted Amorphous Silicon Dioxide under High Voltage Electron Beam." Solid State Phenomena 172-174 (June 2011): 697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.172-174.697.

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Amorphous silicon dioxide layers were implanted with 100 keV Ar ions to a relatively high fluence in a tentative to generate cavities in the oxide. Different oxide layers were used, obtained either by thermally growth or by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on Si substrate. In all SiO2layers, cavities are not formed in the as-implanted state. However, in the transmission electron microscope, under electron beam, the combined effect of irradiation induced defects and implanted rare gas leads to the formation of cavity bands giving the unique opportunity to observed in-situ cavity growth. The cavi

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8

Kessal, Mohand, and Rachid Bennacer. "Modeling of Dissolved Gas Effect on Liquid Transients." Journal of Applied Mechanics 73, no. 1 (2005): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1992513.

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Transient cavitation of a homogeneous gas-liquid mixture flow is modeled for an elastic pipeline by using the classical conservation equations of each phase, which are, later on, written in dimensionless form. The later is resolved by a second order finite difference scheme for which a flux corrective transport algorithm is added as an additional step, in order to accomplish a suitable treatment of the shock problem. The flow gives rise to a localized vapor+gas cavity for which time and space expansion is calculated from the corresponding compatibility relation, continuity equation and ideal g

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9

Qi, Yusen, and James F. Klausner. "Heterogeneous Nucleation With Artificial Cavities." Journal of Heat Transfer 127, no. 11 (2005): 1189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2039111.

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Bubble incipience in artificial cavities manufactured from silicon has been studied using gas nucleation and pool boiling. Moderately wetting water and highly wetting ethanol have both been used as the bulk fluid with cylindrical cavities, as well as those with a triangle, square, and rectangle shape cross section. Nominal cavity sizes range from 8to60μm. The incipience conditions observed for water using both gas nucleation and pool boiling suggest that bubble initiation originates from a concave meniscus. Cornwell’s contact angle hysteresis theory for vapor-trapping cavities is used to expla

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10

George, Darin L., Claudia O. Iyer, and Steven L. Ceccio. "Measurement of the Bubbly Flow Beneath Partial Attached Cavities Using Electrical Impedance Probes." Journal of Fluids Engineering 122, no. 1 (1999): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.483237.

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Surface electrical impedance probes are used to examine the bubbly flow beneath and in the closure region of partial attached cavities. A series of electrodes were mounted flush to the surface of a cavitating hydrofoil to detect the presence of liquid or vapor through changes in the impedance of the local fluid medium. Signals from the electrical probes were used to determine the near-surface gas-phase velocity and the shedding frequency of the gas phase. The impedance technique is shown to have the potential to measure advection velocities within a partial cavity, and the frequency content of

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11

Yang, Qing-Ying, Eamon K. Conway, Hui Liang, Iouli E. Gordon, Yan Tan, and Shui-Ming Hu. "Cavity ring-down spectroscopy of water vapor in the deep-blue region." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 15, no. 15 (2022): 4463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4463-2022.

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Abstract. Water vapor absorption in the near-ultraviolet region is essential to describe the energy budget of Earth, but little spectroscopic information is available since it is a challenging spectral region for both experimental and theoretical studies. A continuous-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopic experiment was built to record absorption lines of water vapor around 415 nm. With a precision of 4×10-10 cm−1, 40 rovibrational transitions of H216O were observed in this work, and 27 of them were assigned to the (224), (205), (710), (304), (093), (125) and (531) vibrational bands. A compariso

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12

Guo, Jinjia, Zhao Luo, Qingsheng Liu, et al. "High-Sensitivity Raman Gas Probe for In Situ Multi-Component Gas Detection." Sensors 21, no. 10 (2021): 3539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21103539.

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Multiple reflection has been proven to be an effective method to enhance the gas detection sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy, while Raman gas probes based on the multiple reflection principle have been rarely reported on. In this paper, a multi-reflection, cavity enhanced Raman spectroscopy (CERS) probe was developed and used for in situ multi-component gas detection. Owing to signal transmission through optical fibers and the miniaturization of multi-reflection cavity, the CERS probe exhibited the advantages of in situ detection and higher detection sensitivity. Compared with the conventional

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13

Puig, Lourdes, and Richard Sacks. "Hollow Cathode Plasma Emission Determination of F, Cl, and Br in Gas Streams." Applied Spectroscopy 43, no. 5 (1989): 801–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702894202102.

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A hollow cathode lamp system for the determination of F, Cl, and Br in flowing gas streams is described. The lamp uses a relatively small cathode cavity diameter. The sample vapor in a He carrier is introduced at one end of the cathode cavity. Radiation is viewed at the other end. Relatively intense emission lines from F, Cl, Cl+, Br, and Br+ are observed when 100 ppm CClF3 and CBrF3 in He are introduced. The effects on the lamp emission characteristics of He pressure in the range of 15 to 40 Torr, with current in the range 10 to 100 mA, and the cathode cavity diameter in the range 0.8 to 3.2

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14

Wang, C. H., and V. K. Dhir. "On the Gas Entrapment and Nucleation Site Density During Pool Boiling of Saturated Water." Journal of Heat Transfer 115, no. 3 (1993): 670–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910738.

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A model to describe the effect of wettability on nucleation site density is presented. First, from Helmholtz free energy analysis, a criterion for the entrapment condition in a uniform temperature field is developed. Second, the stability condition of preexisting gas/vapor nuclei during the heating process and the minimum superheat required to initiate nucleation are determined. The prediction of the entrapment condition and the incipient temperature are consistent with the experimental observations made on surfaces having naturally existing cavities. Third, a naturally formed cavity on a heat

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15

Rella, C. W., H. Chen, A. E. Andrews, et al. "High accuracy measurements of dry mole fractions of carbon dioxide and methane in humid air." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 5, no. 4 (2012): 5823–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-5823-2012.

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Abstract. Traditional techniques for measuring the mole fractions of greenhouse gas in the well-mixed atmosphere have required extremely dry sample gas streams (dew point < −25 °C) to achieve the inter-laboratory compatibility goals set forth by the Global Atmospheric Watch program of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO/GAW) for carbon dioxide (±0.1 ppm) and methane (±2 ppb). Drying the sample gas to low levels of water vapor can be expensive, time-consuming, and/or problematic, especially at remote sites where access is difficult. Recent advances in optical measurement techniques, i

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16

Wang, Xu-Ming, Xin Li, Wei-Hua Liu, Chuan-Yu Han, and Xiao-Li Wang. "Gas Sensor Based on Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering." Materials 14, no. 2 (2021): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020388.

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In order to address problems of safety and identification in gas detection, an optical detection method based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was studied to detect ethanol vapor. A SERS device of silver nanoparticles modified polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was realized by freeze-drying method. This SERS device was placed in a micro transparent cavity in order to inject ethanol vapor of 4% and obtain Raman signals by confocal Raman spectrometer. We compared different types of SERS devices and found that the modification of polyvinylpyrrolidone improves adsorption of ethanol molecules on

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17

Cao, Yang, Kathirvel Nallappan, Guofu Xu, and Maksim Skorobogatiy. "Resonant Gas Sensing in the Terahertz Spectral Range Using Two-Wire Phase-Shifted Waveguide Bragg Gratings." Sensors 23, no. 20 (2023): 8527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23208527.

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The development of low-cost sensing devices with high compactness, flexibility, and robustness is of significance for practical applications of optical gas sensing. In this work, we propose a waveguide-based resonant gas sensor operating in the terahertz frequency band. It features micro-encapsulated two-wire plasmonic waveguides and a phase-shifted waveguide Bragg grating (WBG). The modular semi-sealed structure ensures the controllable and efficient interaction between terahertz radiation and gaseous analytes of small quantities. WBG built by superimposing periodical features on one wire sho

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18

Khani, David, Yeo Howe Lim, and Ahmad Malekpour. "Calculating Column Separation in Liquid Pipelines Using a 1D-CFD Coupled Model." Mathematics 10, no. 12 (2022): 1960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10121960.

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This paper proposes a coupled 1D-CFD model for calculating column separation in liquid pipelines. ANSYS Fluent is utilized to calculate two-phase flow analysis. Method of Characteristics and Discrete Gas Cavity Model (DGCM) are both employed to conduct 1D transient analysis. The results show that the proposed model, with both 2D and 3D CFD analysis, captures the transient responses of the system that have nearly identical accuracy and are both consistent with the results of a physical experiment. The results of a pure CFD analysis are employed to evaluate the performance of the proposed model

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19

Kosenkov, V. M. "Gas-Vapor Cavity Effect on Pressure Field in Deformable Wall Closed Discharge Chamber." Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry 58, no. 1 (2022): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068375522010057.

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20

Yong, Qi Wei, Ming Jiang, and Yan Tang. "Study on Liquid Pipeline Water Hammer and Protective Device with Gas Concentration." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 774–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.774.

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When pressure is low enough in pipeline the transported liquid vaporizes, and air can be let into the pipeline for various of reasons. After the pipeline is shut down, the air/vapor will gather and cavitation occurs. The existence of cavity in liquid pipeline is harmful when restarting the pipeline because the downstream equipments may not work properly. When the cavity collapse, the unsteady flow pattern in pipeline may be intensified due to the sudden increase of pressure and temperature, which may cause serious accidents. Analysis and calculation for the hydraulic status in gas concentrated

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21

Li, Qiang, Wei Li, Jian Zhang, Dezhi Ming, Weiwei Xu, and Zhenbo Wang. "The effect of NCG on the characteristics of hydraulic cavitation." Mechanics & Industry 21, no. 5 (2020): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2020057.

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Hydraulic cavitation, as an important and complex hydrodynamic phenomenon, has long drawn attention. In this paper, the ZGB (Zwart-Gerber-Belamri) cavitation model is improved and the effect of NCG (noncondensable gas) on cavitation in water is studied by numerical simulation. The influence of NCG on the cavity length, the temperature of the cavities and the mixed viscosity of the cavities is investigated through the improved ZGB cavitation model. In addition, experiments on hydrodynamic cavitation produced by a Venturi tube are used to validate the improved ZGB cavitation model. The results s

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22

Li, Jian, Ziling Wu, Yifeng Xu, Yanli Pei, and Gang Wang. "Stability Analysis of Multi Process Parameters for Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition Reaction Cavity." Molecules 24, no. 5 (2019): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24050876.

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The parameters for metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) processes significantly influence the properties of ZnO films, especially the flow stability of the chamber, which is caused by process parameters such as the shape of reaction chamber, the working pressure, the growth temperature, the susceptor rotational speed, the gas flow rate, and the nature of the carrier gas at inlet temperature. These parameters are the preconditions for the formation of high-quality film. Therefore, this study uses Ar as a carrier gas, diethylzinc (DEZn) as a Zn source, and H2O as an oxygen source and

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23

Bounds, James, Eshtar Aluauee, Alexandre Kolomenskii, and Hans Schuessler. "Acetone Absorption Cross-Section in the Near-Infrared of the Methyl Stretch Overtone and Application for Analysis of Human Breath." Optics 6, no. 1 (2025): 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/opt6010009.

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We present an empirical model for the cross-section of low concentration acetone gas in the range of 1671.5–1675 nm that encompasses the absorption band of the methyl stretch overtone. This model is experimentally validated with cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) measurements performed with a calibration gas and its diluted mixtures with breath samples. Particular attention is paid to accurate wavelength measurements with an interferometric wavemeter. The theoretical framework for analysis of gas mixtures with several absorbing species is presented. We show that the proposed empirical model

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Tran, Chieu D. "Intracavity Helium-Neon Laser Photothermal Deflection as a Sensitive Technique for Trace Gas Analysis." Applied Spectroscopy 40, no. 8 (1986): 1108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702864507837.

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A novel, compact, ultrasensitive, and inexpensive He-Ne laser intracavity photothermal deflection spectrometer has been developed. In this apparatus a gas sample is placed inside a cavity of the He-Ne laser, which serves as a probe laser. A CO2 excitation laser coaxially overlaps with the He-Ne laser beam inside the sample cell. The detection limit for ethanol vapor in air at 1 atm excited with 1.5 W of CO2 laser chopped at 13.3 Hz is estimated to be 2.5 ppb.

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Hargrove, J. "Water dimer absorption of visible light." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 4 (2007): 11123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-11123-2007.

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Abstract. Laboratory measurements of water vapor absorption using cavity ring-down spectroscopy revealed a broad absorption at 405 nm with a quadratic dependence on water monomer concentration, a similar absorption with a linear component at 532 nm, and only linear absorption at 570 nm in the vicinity of water monomer peaks. D2O absorption is weaker and linear at 405 nm. Van't Hoff plots constructed at 405.26 nm suggest that for dimerization, Keq=0.056±0.02 atm−1, ΔH°301 K=−16.6±2 kJ mol−1 and ΔS°301 K=−80±10 J mol−1 K−1. This transition peaks at 409.5 nm, could be attributed to the 8th overto

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Kapranova, Anna, Anton Lebedev, Sergey Neklyudov, and Alexander Melzer. "The ensemble-averaged characteristics of the bubble system during cavitation in the separator." E3S Web of Conferences 140 (2019): 06005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201914006005.

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The object of research is the process of formation of vapor-gas bubbles at an early stage of hydrodynamic cavitation during throttling of the liquid in the axial valve separator. Designing a separator under conditions of decreasing bubble formation intensity is an urgent problem. Based on the energy approach, a stochastic model of the formation of an energetically closed system of bubbles in the separator according to the Gibbs ensemble is proposed. Analytical dependences are obtained for the density function and the bubble geometric characteristics averaged over the ensemble, depending on the

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27

Reum, Friedemann, Christoph Gerbig, Jost V. Lavric, Chris W. Rella, and Mathias Göckede. "Correcting atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> mole fractions obtained with Picarro analyzers for sensitivity of cavity pressure to water vapor." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 2 (2019): 1013–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1013-2019.

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Abstract. Measurements of dry air mole fractions of atmospheric greenhouse gases are used in inverse models of atmospheric tracer transport to quantify their sources and sinks. The measurements have to be calibrated to a common scale to avoid bias in the inferred fluxes. For this purpose, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has set requirements for the interlaboratory compatibility of atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) measurements. A widely used series of devices for these measurements are the GHG analyzers manufactured by Picarro, Inc. These are often operated in humid air, and the eff

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Veres, Anikó, Zoltán Bozóki, Árpád Mohácsi, Miklós Szakáll та Gábor Szabó. "External Cavity Diode Laser Based Photoacoustic Detection of CO2 at 1.43 μm: The Effect of Molecular Relaxation". Applied Spectroscopy 57, № 8 (2003): 900–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370203322258841.

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Photoacoustic spectroscopy, based on an external cavity diode laser operating at 1431 nm, was used for measuring CO2 concentration as a minority component in a gas mixture. By using N2 as a buffer gas, a molecular relaxation effect was observed, which influenced both the amplitude and the phase of the measured photoacoustic signal and consequently reduced the sensitivity of the PA system. This molecular relaxation effect could be suppressed by adding water vapor of a constant and relatively high (∼4%) concentration to the gas sample. In parallel with this, the arising spectral interference bet

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Guan, Shiyu, Dingbo Chen, Huilin Cao, and Zhongqi Tan. "Study of a Mode Separation Due to Polarization Existing in a Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy." Sensors 21, no. 21 (2021): 7101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217101.

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A special phenomenon of resonance mode separation is observed during the study of a high sensitivity folded-cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy for the measurement of trace gases. The phenomenon affects the measurement of gas absorption spectrum in the cavity. This resonant mode separation phenomenon of the resonant cavity is different from the resonant modes previously observed in linear-cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy systems. To explore the mechanism of this phenomenon, a series of hypotheses are proposed. The most likely reason among these hypotheses is based on the different r

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Guo, Kun, Qiang Yu, Fangqi Liu, et al. "Synthesis of Hexagonal Structured GaS Nanosheets for Robust Femtosecond Pulse Generation." Nanomaterials 12, no. 3 (2022): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12030378.

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Gallium sulfide (GaS), with a hexagonal structure, has received extensive attention due to its graphene-like structure and derived optical properties. Here, high-quality GaS was obtained via chemical vapor synthesis and then prepared as a saturable absorber by the stamp-assisted localization-transfer technique onto fiber end face. The stability of the material and the laser damage threshold are maintained due to the optimized thickness and the cavity integration form. The potential of the GaS for nonlinear optics is explored by constructing a GaS-based Erbium-doped mode-locked fiber laser. Sta

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Li, Xue, Ning Zhou, Bing Chen, et al. "Numerical Simulation of Leakage and Diffusion Process of LNG Storage Tanks." Energies 14, no. 19 (2021): 6282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196282.

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To investigate the evolution process of LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) liquid pool and gas cloud diffusion, the Realizable k-ε model and Eluerian model were used to numerically simulate the liquid phase leakage and diffusion process of LNG storage tanks. The experimental results showed that some LNG flashed and vaporized rapidly to form a combustible cloud during the continuous leakage. The diffusion of the explosive cloud was divided into heavy gas accumulation, entrainment heat transfer, and light gas drift. The vapor cloud gradually separated into two parts from the whole “fan leaf shape”. One

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Hanna, L. M., and P. W. Scherer. "Measurement of Local Mass Transfer Coefficients in a Cast Model of the Human Upper Respiratory Tract." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 108, no. 1 (1986): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3138573.

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Local mass transfer coefficients measured using the naphthalene sublimation technique in an acrylic cast model of the human upper respiratory tract are reported as the Sherwood numbers for the corresponding regions. A steady air flow rate of 12 L per min was used for all measurements. Values of the Sherwood number are seen to be highest in the nasal cavity and proximal nasopharynx while a minimum value occurs just downstream from the larynx. Local values of the Nusselt number obtained in the trachea and proximal nasal cavity assuming a complete heat and mass transfer analogy agree well with in

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Sun, Qiang, Yingqi Hao, and Peifeng Cheng. "Parametric analysis of discrete multiple-cavity models with the quasi-two-dimensional friction model for transient cavitating pipe flows." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 71, no. 2 (2022): 355–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2022.159.

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Abstract Discrete multiple-cavity models coupled with quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) friction models are effective solutions to simulating transient cavitation pipe flows. The simulation accuracy of such models hinges upon the understanding of key parameters of the models, which remains elusive so far. To address such an open issue, this paper employs the discrete vapor cavity model (DVCM) and the discrete gas cavity model (DGCM), combined with the quasi-2D friction model, with a particular focus on revealing the sensitivity of these models to the key parameters such as grid number and weigh

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Mulkapuri, Sateesh, Sathish Kumar Kurapati, and Samar K. Das. "Carbonate encapsulation from dissolved atmospheric CO2 into a polyoxovanadate capsule." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 24 (2019): 8773–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt01103j.

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A fully reduced polyoxovanadate compound [Na<sub>6</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>24</sub>][H<sub>8</sub>VIV15O<sub>36</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)]·3N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>·10H<sub>2</sub>O (1) with CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup> encapsulation in its internal cavity (from dissolved aerial CO<sub>2</sub> in the synthesis reaction mixture) is reported. Compound 1 crystals, on exposure of HCl vapor, excludes carbonate as a CO<sub>2</sub> gas that can be reacted with a Grignard reagent to produce triphenylcarbinol as a major product.

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Zhong, Mingjun, Yankai Li, Meng Lin, Minghao Yuan, and Yanhua Yang. "A Numerical Analysis Research on Earlier Behavior of Molten Droplet Covered with Vapor Film at the Stage of Triggering and Propagation in Steam Explosion." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/301262.

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When the molten fuel with high temperature falls into the cavity water, it will be dispersed into droplets which are covered with vapor films due to the rapid heat transfer with phase transition. This situation cannot be simply described by liquid-liquid or gas-liquid systems. And there are no sufficient experimental studies on the behavior of droplet covered with vapor film because of the rapid reaction and the difficulty in capture of the film configuration. In this paper, a multiphase code with the volume of fluid (VOF) method is used to simulate the earlier behavior of droplet when vapor f

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Mortazavi, H. R., A. F. Emery, R. C. Corlett, and W. R. Lockwood. "The Effect of Moisture on the Structural Stability of a Coal Cavity." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 108, no. 3 (1986): 246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3231273.

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The drying of coal and the associated thermal and moisture-induced stresses are examined with a numerical model to estimate the rate of surface regression in underground coal gasification. The model includes internal convection, diffusion, conduction and flow of liquid, vapor and gas. The structural failure is modeled by three different mechanisms based upon a strength reduction due to heating, drying, or crack formation. Using properties and boundary conditions appropriate to Western United States coal, the model predicts a regression rate which is in qualitative agreement with measured resul

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Sun, Jing, Dongxin Shi, Le Wang, et al. "CRDS Technology-Based Integrated Breath Gas Detection System for Breath Acetone Real-Time Accurate Detection Application." Chemosensors 12, no. 12 (2024): 261. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12120261.

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The monitoring of acetone in exhaled breath is expected to provide a noninvasive and painless method for dynamic monitoring of summarized physiological metabolic status during obesity treatment. Although the commonly used Mass Spectrometry (MS) technology has high accuracy, the long detection time and large equipment size limit the application of daily bedside detection. As for the real-time and accurate detection of acetone, the gas sensor has become the best choice of gas detection technology, but it is easy to be disturbed by water vapor in breath gas. An integrated breath gas detection sys

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Demin, Vitaliy A., and Sergey A. Igoshev. "On an extended physical and mathematical model of high-temperature silicification of porous carbon products." Вестник Пермского университета. Физика, no. 2 (2024): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072//1994-3598-2024-2-56-63.

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We have developed an extended physical and mathematical model of the gaseous silicon transfer from a melt mirror to a porous carbon product at high temperatures under medium vacuum conditions. In this model, an assumption of the non-compressibility of the gas mixture is used that makes it possible to simplify the problem significantly and at the same time to obtain a reasonable result, confirmed in experiment. The model is simplified to the greatest extent possible, and in the future it can be used for numerical implementation of more complex physical formulations, including non-stationary thr

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Welp, L. R., R. F. Keeling, R. F. Weiss, W. Paplawsky, and S. Heckman. "Design and performance of a Nafion dryer for continuous operation at CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> air monitoring sites." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 6, no. 5 (2013): 1217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1217-2013.

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Abstract. In preparation for routine deployment in a network of greenhouse gas monitoring stations, we have designed and tested a simple method for drying ambient air to near or below 0.2% (2000 ppm) mole fraction H2O using a Nafion dryer. The inlet system was designed for use with cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS) analyzers such as the Picarro model G2301 that measure H2O in addition to their principal analytes, in this case CO2 and CH4. These analyzers report dry-gas mixing ratios without drying the sample by measuring H2O mixing ratio at the same frequency as the main analytes, and then

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40

Nara, H., H. Tanimoto, Y. Tohjima, et al. "Evaluation of factors affecting accurate measurements of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> by wavelength-scanned cavity ring-down spectroscopy." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 5, no. 4 (2012): 5009–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-5009-2012.

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Abstract. We examined potential interferences from water vapor and atmospheric background gases (N2, O2, and Ar), and biases by isotopologues of target species, on accurate measurement of atmospheric CO2 and CH4 by means of wavelength-scanned cavity ring-down spectroscopy (WS-CRDS). Variations in the composition of the background gas substantially impacted the CO2 and CH4 measurements: the measured amounts of CO2 and CH4 decreased with increasing N2 mole fraction, but increased with increasing O2 and Ar, suggesting that the pressure-broadening effects (PBEs) increased as Ar < O2 < N2. Us

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Reshetnikov, I.F., S.V. Shikhalev, and S.L. Tikhonov. "Influence of Non - Condensable Gases on the Processes of Heat and Mass Transfer during Film Condensation of Steam in Heat Exchangers." Problemele Energeticii Regionale 3(38) (December 15, 2018): 102–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2222362.

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The aim of the article is a quantitative assessment of the influence of non-condensable gases on the intensity of heat and mass transfer processes during film condensation of steam in the specific conditions for heat exchanger. The task is achieved by conducting experimental research of heat and mass transfer processes in film condensation of steam in the presence of non-condensable gases.The study was carried out by the method of stationary heat flow on an experimental kettle with a jacket (0,02 m3 capacity), industrial cooking boilers (0,04 m3 and 0,06 m3 capacity). Cylindrical kettles with

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Hanna, L. M., and P. W. Scherer. "A Theoretical Model of Localized Heat and Water Vapor Transport in the Human Respiratory Tract." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 108, no. 1 (1986): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3138574.

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A steady-state, one-dimensional theoretical model of human respiratory heat and water vapor transport is developed. Local mass transfer coefficients measured in a cast replica of the upper respiratory tract are incorporated into the model along with heat transfer coefficients determined from the Chilton-Colburn analogy and from data in the literature. The model agrees well with reported experimental measurements and predicts that the two most important parameters of the human air-conditioning process are: 1) the blood temperature distribution along the airway walls, and 2) the total cross-sect

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Huang, P. X., S. Yonkers, and J. Willie. "A Novel Screw Compressor with a Shunt Enhanced Compression and Pulsation Trap (SECAPT)." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1267, no. 1 (2022): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1267/1/012019.

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Some positive displacement (PD) compressors are equipped with automatic discharge valves such as reed valves that open automatically whenever the cavity pressure is slightly larger than the outlet pressure to deal effectively with varying pressure ratio applications. Screw compressors today do not have such valves, resulting in off-design conditions known as the under-compression or over-compression when the cavity pressure at discharge is deviating from the outlet pressure. Compressor efficiency suffers and pulsation/noise becomes worse under these conditions. Some type of controls are desire

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Dahlmann, Adrian, John D. Marshall, David Dubbert, Mathias Hoffmann, and Maren Dubbert. "Simple water vapor sampling for stable isotope analysis using affordable valves and bags." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 18, no. 12 (2025): 2607–18. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2607-2025.

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Abstract. Water-stable isotopes are commonly used in hydrological and ecological research. Until now, most measurements of soil or plant water isotopes have been made by taking a sample from the field and extracting its water in the laboratory. More recently, samples have been collected with gas-permeable membranes (GPMs) and measured in the field. These new methods, however, present challenges in achieving high-resolution measurements across multiple sites since they require significant effort and resources. Gas bag sampling offers the advantage of non-destructive, cost-efficient, easy-to-per

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Welp, L. R., R. F. Keeling, R. F. Weiss, W. Paplawsky, and S. Heckman. "Design and performance of a Nafion dryer for continuous operation at CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> air monitoring sites." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 5, no. 4 (2012): 5449–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-5449-2012.

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Abstract. In preparation for the routine deployment of the Earth Networks greenhouse gas monitoring network, we have designed and tested a simple method for drying ambient air to below 0.2% mole fraction H2O using a Nafion dryer. The inlet was designed for use with a Picarro model G2301 cavity ring down spectrometer (CRDS) CO2/CH4/H2O analyzer. The analyzer measures water vapor mixing ratio at the same frequency as CO2 and CH4 and then corrects for the dilution and peak broadening effects of H2O on the CO2 and CH4 mixing ratios. This analyzer is remarkably stable and performs well on water vap

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Xiong, Li Wei, Guo Hua Gong, Jian Hua Wang, Xiao Hui Cui, and Wei Zou. "Pretreatment Study on the Deposition of Diamond-Like Carbon Films on Quartz by Star-Shape MPCVD Reactor." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.288.

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Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) films were deposited on quartz substrates by using a gas mixture of hydrogen-methane-oxygen in the Star-Shape Microwave Plasma enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (MPCVD) reactor. The pretreatment parameters include the pretreatment methods and the pretreatment time was optimized. Results showed that ultrasonically abrasive in the acetone solution with nanocrystalline diamond powder in it was an efficient pretreatment method to advance the deposition of DLC films, and 10 minute turned to be the most appropriate time for this pretreatment. The Fourier Transform Infrared

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Gomez-Pelaez, Angel J., Ramon Ramos, Emilio Cuevas, Vanessa Gomez-Trueba, and Enrique Reyes. "Atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, and CO with the CRDS technique at the Izaña Global GAW station: instrumental tests, developments, and first measurement results." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 4 (2019): 2043–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2043-2019.

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Abstract. At the end of 2015, a CO2/CH4/CO cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS) was installed at the Izaña Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) station (Tenerife, Spain) to improve the Izaña Greenhouse Gases GAW Measurement Programme, and to guarantee the renewal of the instrumentation and the long-term maintenance of this program. We present the results of the CRDS acceptance tests, the raw data processing scheme applied, and the response functions used. Also, the calibration results, the implemented water vapor correction, the target gas injection statistics, the ambient measurements performed from

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Iannone, Rosario Q., Daniele Romanini, Samir Kassi, Harro A. J. Meijer, and Erik R. Th Kerstel. "A Microdrop Generator for the Calibration of a Water Vapor Isotope Ratio Spectrometer." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 26, no. 7 (2009): 1275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jtecha1218.1.

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Abstract A microdrop generator is described that produces water vapor with a known isotopic composition and volume mixing ratio for the calibration of a near-infrared diode laser water isotope ratio spectrometer. The spectrometer is designed to measure in situ the water vapor deuterium and oxygen (17O and 18O) isotope ratios from the low troposphere up to the lower stratosphere with a high temporal resolution, and is based on ultrasensitive optical-feedback cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy. To calibrate the spectrometer, a commercial microdrop generator (Microdrop GmbH) is used to injec

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Zhang, Han, Ning Han, Yueyu Lin, Jiawen Huang, Sune Svanberg, and Katarina Svanberg. "Gas Monitoring in Human Frontal Sinuses-Stability Considerations and Gas Exchange Studies." Sensors 21, no. 13 (2021): 4413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134413.

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Acute rhinosinusitis is a common infectious disease, which, in more than 90% of cases, is caused by viruses rather than by bacteria. Even so, antibiotics are often unnecessarily prescribed, and in the long run this contributes to the alarming level of antibiotics resistance. The reason is that there are no good guiding tools for defining the background reason of the infection. One main factor for the clearance of the infection is if there is non-obstructed ventilation from the sinus to the nasal cavity. Gas in Scattering Media Absorption Spectroscopy (GASMAS) has potential for diagnosing this.

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Демиденко, Л.Ю., та И.Н. Старков. "Определение вклада тепловой энергии экзотермических реакций при высоковольтном электрохимическом взрыве". Elektronnaya Obrabotka Materialov 53, № 5 (2017): 37–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1054037.

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On the base of experimental studies of the dependence between the period of pulsation of the gas-vapor cavity (GVC) during the high-voltage electric explosion (HVEE) and the amount of energy of a capacitor bank and the weight of the water-filled exothermic compound (WEC) with 60% content of aluminum, we determined the value of additional energy released in the HVEE channel due to exothermic chemical reactions. It was shown that, with an increase in the basic electric and physical factors, the specific energy efficiency of the WEC increases, indicating a growing contribution of the energy relea

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