Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gascogne, Golfe de'
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Marquis, Élise. "Le microzooplancton dans le réseau trophique planctonique : importance et rôle fonctionnel : étude sur le plateau continental du Golfe de Gascogne." La Rochelle, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LAROS194.
Full textOn the Bay of Biscay continental shelf, the large plumes of the Loire and Gironde rivers induce a strong halostrification of the water column at the end of winter. This stratification contributes to the development of winter microphytoplankton blooms that enhance phosphorus limitation in the photic zone in spring. As a consequence, small autotrophic cells are a primary component of the spring primary production. Based on this observation, it was hypothesized that, early in the season (early spring) the microzooplankton (20-200 m heterotrophic dinoflagellates, ciliates and metazoan larvae) would play an essential role in carbon flow towards higher trophic levels of the plankton community on the Bay of Biscay continental shelf. The goal of this study was to test this hypothesis. A survey of the spring plankton composition on the shelf showed that plankton was most abundant close to the coast and that, in agreement with the above hypothesis, the spring heterotrophic community was dominated by microzooplankton: Biomasses of the latter represented on average more than 60% of the total biomass, with up to 70% made up of ciliates. A subsequent investigation of the temporal dynamics of the ciliate community across the shelf revealed that the early-spring ciliate development was controlled by the increase and diversification of prey. Conversely, at the end of spring, the ciliate dynamics was mainly controlled by the increase of grazing pressure by mesozooplankton. The estimation of the microzooplankton grazing activity on primary and secondary productions showed a very high impact during the three studied seasons across the shelf (grazing rates of up to and exceeding 100% of the daily production). Nevertheless, the winter diatom bloom was not efficiently consumed by microzooplankton. On the other hand, a high contribution of microzooplankton to the mesozooplankton diet was demonstrated in spring over the continental shelf and especially to the diet of the dominant small copepods (< 750 m). Moreover, the first-feeding larvae of small pelagic fish (Anchovy and Sardines) appeared to preferentially consume microzooplankton (mainly protozoa), making it an essential diet item for their survival. The last part of the study was to synthesize the collected data in order to model the planktonic food web dynamics using inverse analysis. The results showed that in spring, the food web functioned through complex carbon pathways, both herbivorous and microbial. At the end of the summer, microbial pathways dominated. Close to the coast, they were mainly based on new production, while offshore, they were mainly based on bacterial production. The study confirmed the essential role of microzooplankton as a vector of carbon flows from small cells to mesozooplankton. However, the importance of microzooplankton in the carbon pathways leads to a decrease of the systems capacity to export primary and microbial biogenic carbon towards the plankton predators. Finally, the inclusion of pelagic fish to the study of the planktonic food web permitted to show that the early-season dominance of microbial pathways tends to saturate the carrying capacity of this system early in spring
Trouillet, Brice. "La "mer côtière" d'Iroise à Finisterre : étude géographique d'ensembles territoriaux en construction." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT3031.
Full textInterface marine space distinguished on a small scale by edge effects perceptible under the cross-angles of nature and society, the coastal sea is a geographical object under construction which recently penetrates the coastal and marine problematic because of the growing pressures exerting on it. Based on a theoretical approach, applied and tested within a large Franco-Spanish space unit, the bay of Biscay, rich in comparative elements, this thesis points up that the coastal sea is a territorial march revealing a structure and dynamics characterized by continuities and ruptures, appearing on various scales of time and space, and mixing endogenous and exogenous. Beyond the interest of releasing their contour and their functioning, the construction of territorial sets constitutes a privileged laboratory to analyse territorial dynamics, and thus to inform about relationships between nature and society
Jézéquel, Nathalie. "Circulation 2D de la marée semi-diurne au-dessus d'un talus continental de pente variable en océan homogène ou stratifié - étude analytique et numérique appliquée aux conditions observées dans le Golfe de Gascogne." Brest, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BRES2017.
Full textLéau, Hélène. "Etude du signal sismique et de son atténuation dans la croûte inférieure réflective : application au profil ECORS-golfe de Gascogne." Brest, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BRES2026.
Full textThomas, Olivier. "De la pêche-chasse à la pêche-élevage : approches anthropologiques du changement technico-culturel dans le golfe de Gascogne-Biscaye." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR21019.
Full textTitle of the thesis : from fishing-hunting to fishing-breeding : anthropological approaches to technical and cultural change in the gulf of Gascoigne Biscay. This study does not analyze the growth of aquaculture but rather aims to grasp the basis of technical and cultural changes in coastal fishing. In parallel with the phenomenon of internal change, the emergence of a scientific community studying fishing is also observed. Paradoxically, the maritime community, which sees itself as an active counter-power, has gained in strength in this complex context
Boulhic, Michel. "Recherches d'indices de jeûne chez la larve de sole, solea solea (Linnaeus, 1758) : approche expérimentale et application dans le golfe de Gascogne." Brest, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BRES2016.
Full textVillalobos, Ortiz Hector. "Évolution de l'écosystème pélagique du Golfe de Gascogne pendant la période 1990-2003 : conséquences sur la capturabilité des espèces." Brest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BRES2016.
Full textSeveral small pelagic fish species contribute remarkably to world catch. Their populations are, however, characterized by large biomass fluctuations strongly affecting fisheries. The fishing gears and methods used to capture small pelagics have evolved to exploit the highly developed shoaling behavior of these species. Hence, faced to modern fishing this gregarious behavior becomes a disadvantage for fish. Fish behavior may be affected by environmental conditions and by fishing, at the same time that behavior impacts rishing. In this study, we seek to characterize the aggregative systems of small pelagic fishes inhabiting the Bay of Discay by analyzing “acoustic images”, defined as the group of echoes (planktonic layers, shoals, isclated targets) detected on a transect section of a given length. We analyzed the species composition, the spatial distribution and the evolution over time of acoustic images. We also studied the hydrological conditions of the bay, as well as the small pelagics French fishery in order to look for correlations between hydrology, commercial catch and fish aggregation patterns observed by acoustics. We observed the same species or group of species forming different types of aggregation according to habitat. Conversely, the same type of aggregation, associated with a particular habitat, can be produced by diffèrent species. The most notorious change observed during the studied period relates to small clupeoids aggregations in the vicinity ot the Gironde estuary, whose structure evolved toward a greater fragmentation of shoals (a large number of small size detections) since 2000
Schaming, Marc. "Traitement des profils de sismique réflexion profonde pour l'étude de la croûte : cas de deux profils ECORS dans le Golfe de Gascogne." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13214.
Full textPusineri, Claire. "Niches alimentaires et partage des ressources : les petits cétacés du golfe de Gascogne." La Rochelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LAROS146.
Full textThe present study focuses on: 1) The determination of the diets of the common dolphin, Delphinus delphis, the striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba, the bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus and the harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena from stomach content analysis in the neritic and oceanic area of the Bay of Biscay. 2) The analysis of feeding niches segregation between these small cetaceans and both the other large predators and the fisheries. Each cetacean species showed a specific dietary niche: the common dolphin consumed essentially small gregarious fish in the upper epipelagic water layer both in the neritic and the oceanic area. The striped dolphin focused on small gregarious prey, either cephalopods or fish, of the lower epipelagic water layer. It foraged essentially in the oceanic area and occasionally in the neritic waters. The bottlenose dolphin foraged mainly on large demersal fish of the continental shelf. At last, the common porpoise ate mainly small pelagic or demersal neritic fish. In the neritic area, a high trophic overlap was observed between the fisheries and the cetaceans, whose preferred prey were species of major commercial importance, and between the diet of some of the main commercial prey and at least one cetacean species. In the oceanic area, the trophic role of the cetaceans was quite different from those of the other high trophic level epipelagic groups: first, there was no trophic overlap between the cetaceans and the fisheries that focused on swordfish and albacore tuna. Second, the dietary niches of the cetaceans did not overlap significantly those of the swordfish and the blue shark. Third, a significant overlap was observed between the cetaceans and the albacore tuna in terms of prey length and foraging period, but not in terms of prey taxa. Those results underlined that the Bay of Biscay small cetacean species are a trophic compartment of major interest within the framework of an ecosystem management of the resources either because of their potential competition with fisheries or because of their original role in the ecosystem
Serpette, Alain. "Marées internes dans le golfe de Gascogne : un modèle bi-dimensionnel." Brest, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BRES2011.
Full textAmara, Rachid. "La sole (Solea solea l. ) du golfe de Gascogne : métamorphose, transfert des larves vers la côte et colonisation des nourriceries." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066243.
Full textLampert, Luis. "Dynamique saisonnière et variabilité pigmentaire des populations phytoplanctoniques dans l'Atlantique nord (golfe de Gascogne)." Brest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BRES2014.
Full textKoutsikopoulos, Constantin. "Recrutement de la sole (Solea solea, L. ) du golfe de Gascogne : influence de l'hydrologie et de l'hydrodynamisme." Brest, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BRES2001.
Full textOms, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Transferts multi-échelles des apports continentaux dans le golfe de Gascogne." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0038/document.
Full textDuring chronic or accidental releases of tritium from nuclear facilities to seawater or through river discharges, the dispersion of radionuclides in the marine environment is subject to multiple dispersion processes. These processes depend on the area under consideration and forcings such as tide, wind, heat and freshwater flows.Predicting the dispersion of tritium in the Bay of Biscay requires taking into account all these processes and the various inputs: the North Atlantic surface waters, discharges from nuclear facilities, freshwater inputs and exchanges with the atmosphere. The main objective of this thesis is to improve the knowledge on the hydrodynamics of the Bay of Biscay by coupling in-situ measurements of a water masses tracer: the tritium, with a hydrodynamic dispersion model (MARS 3 D).To achieve this goal, samplings were carried out in the Bay of Biscay and the two main continental contributors of tritium: the Loire and Gironde rivers.The combined use of salinity and tritium as tracers of continental waters makes it possible to differentiate into an innovative way the inputs from these two rivers at the scale of the continental shelf. The measured and simulated stocks of tritium within the shelf provided a first estimate of the residence time of continental water in the Bay of Biscay
Certain, Grégoire. "Distribution, abondance et stratégies de recherche alimentaires chez les prédateurs supérieurs du golfe de Gascogne : une approche spatialisée." La Rochelle, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LAROS204.
Full textThis work proposes a new insight on an animals community which is poorly know and focus on the community of marine predator (seabirds and marine mammals) in the bay of Biscay. On the basis of airplane and ship-based transect surveys, and by using spatial analysis, the distribution and the abundance of the marine predator in the French Atlantic continental shelf is characterized for the first time. The distribution and the abundance of the marine predator offer new management information’s in the context of putting up marine protected area. After a thorough study on bias associated with pelagic aerial strip transects survey, this works round on three principal thematic: spatial distribution and temporal variability, abundance and prey consummation and lastly on foraging strategy. In a fundamental point of view, an innovative approach to quantify spatio-temporal variability of seabird’s distribution is proposed. This approach allows revealing areas with low temporal variability (i. E. Stable area) and areas with high temporal variability (i. E. Variable area) of seabird’s spatial distribution, and the spatial scales at which this variability is expressed. Large scale habitats of marine mammals have been modelled too, which revealed the important area of their spatial distribution. Our abundance estimates coupled to previous study on foraging diet lead us to conclude that consummation of prey by marine predators is in same order than fisheries activity in terms of biomass. Lastly, based on a foraging seabird species « the northern gannets » as a study model, fine scale spatial networks is revealed which is interpreted as an increase of information using from their congeners (i. E. Public information), this typical spatial organisation will increase the probability of finding preys in a highly variable, dynamic, and unpredictable marine environment. These results emphasize the importance of using statistical tools and concepts of spatial ecology to answer to fundamental and applied questions on structures, functioning and management of wildlife population
Laës, Agathe. "Biogéochimie du fer le long de la marge continentale du Golfe de Gascogne : Distributions, sources et transport." Brest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BRES2030.
Full textThis PhD thesis is part of the study of the marine biogeochemical cycle of iron, limiting nutrient of the primary production in the HNLC (High Nutrient Low chlorophyll) zones. The study aims first to adapt a method of determination of iron to an in situ chemical analyser. In a second-time, the objective was to relate hydrodynamical processes with iron and manganese distribution above the continental margin of the Bay of Biscay. The colorimetric method from Measures et al. , (1995) was adapted successfully on the chemical in situ analyser. The optimisation of the physical and chemical parameters permitted to validate the method for the coastal environment. Variations of sensibility in function of temperature and pressure are encountered, in situ calibrations are necessary to obtain a precise and reliable iron concentration. Comparison with conventional methods (Dfe, TDFe) is difficult due to the difference in sample treatment. The European continental margin impacts the iron distribution in the Bay of Biscay. The main source observed above the plateau and the shelf break is the sediment. Two different hydrodynamical processes were at the origin of the metal enrichment. Internal tidal waves probably produces iron enrichment at 700 m depth and also at the surface of the shelf break region. The advection of the Labrador Sea Water previously enriched on the Goban plateau continental margin impacted the nutrient type iron distribution. The results show that iron could be a very interesting tracer of the hydrodynamical processes above the Bay of Biscay continental margin
Chaillou, Gwénaëlle. "La dynamique biogéochimique des espèces rédox dans les sédiments modernes du Golfe de Gascogne." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12733.
Full textBenthic biogeochemical processes change the chemistry and the mineralogy of the first centimetres below the water/sediment interface. These processes are linked to the mineralisation of organic matter, which fall on the sea floor. They control the benthic behaviour of redox species, OM or pollutantsThe objectives of this study is to clarify the dynamic of the diagenetic redox species in the modern sediments of the Bay of Biscay (Aquitan margin and Capbreton canyon), and to calibrate geochemical proxies used to interpret redox properties of marine environment in the past. Vertical distribution of major redox compounds has been analysed in pore waters (O2, NO3-, NH4+, Mn2+, Fe2+, SO42-) and in solid fraction (Mn-oxihydroxides, -carbonate, amorphous Fe-oxides, total sulfur and both organic and inorganic carbon) in order to study and quantify depth sequences of diagenetic reactions (nature and prevailing processes, fluxes, seasonal variations). The classical sequence of redox zones has been observed, but several secondary diagenetic reactions occur, and create alternative metabolic pathways. These processes involve mainly benthic cycle of nitrogen species and metals (Fe and Mn) and could produce oxidised compounds in anoxic horizon (example of anoxic NO3--production). The recent deposition of turbidites in the Capbreton canyon allowed to study the non steady-state diagenetic processes. The vertical distribution of trace metals (U, Mo, Cd, As, and REE) is related to the presence of major diagenetic phases, such as sulfides and reactive metal-oxides (Mn- and Fe-oxides). Although their diagenetic behaviour is controlled by redox conditions, their use as markers of past surficial redox conditions needs further investigations
Pairaud, Ivane. "Modélisation et analyse de la marée interne dans le golfe de Gascogne." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00067994.
Full textBarthe, Xavier. "Les Suspensions dans les eaux du plateau continental du golfe de Gascogne." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602693b.
Full textRazin, Philippe. "Evolution tecto-sédimentaire alpine des Pyrénées basques à l'ouest de la transformante de Pamplona, Province du Labourd." Bordeaux 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR30202.
Full textN'Da, Konan. "Biologie du rouget de roche Mullus surmuletus (Poisson Mullidae) dans le nord du Golfe de Gascogne." Brest, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BRES2017.
Full textBlanchard, Fabian. "Effets de l'exploitation par pêche sur la dynamique de diversité des peuplements de poissons démersaux : analyse comparée du rôle des interactions entre espèces dans le golfe de Gascogne et dans le golfe du Lion." Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES2027.
Full textDuchemin, Gérald. "Ecologie des foraminifères benthiques du Golfe du Morbihan et de la Grande Vasière : variabilité temporelle et microhabitat." Angers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ANGE0014.
Full textThis thesis on benthic foraminiferal ecology presents two parts, one on a high marsh of the Gulf of Morbihan, and the other on the continental shelf of the Bay of Biscay (in the context of the French national program PNEC). The aim of this thesis is the same for both environments: to define the foraminiferal behaviour in response to the environmental variations. In the high marsh of the Gulf of Morbihan, our observations indicate that foraminiferal faunas present a strong short-term (weekly) variability and a well established microhabitat succession in the first 9 cm of sediment. Furthermore, this study highlights some poorly known phenomena, such as possible migrations and/or transport of foraminifera, the refuge effect of the vegetation and the potential impact of the rainfall. On the continental shelf, foraminiferal faunas are mainly under the influence of the variations of matter organic fluxes. These fluxes determine the composition, the spatial distribution and the seasonal variations of density of the benthic foraminiferal faunas
Wang, Li. "Application de la télédétection a l'étude géomorphologique du littoral du golfe de Gascogne." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE4095.
Full textWang, Li. "Application de la télédétection à l'étude géomorphologique du littoral du Golfe de Gascogne." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610733g.
Full textVermard, Youen. "Comportement de pêche et gestion : l’exemple de la pêcherie pélagique du Golfe de Gascogne." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NSARH077.
Full textIn the current context of fisheries management, simulation models are required to support the evaluation of management scenarios. The models should include the key process of the fishery system : stock dynamics fleet dynamics, manager decision-making, and the interactions between these three elements. Most of the existing models have concentrated on the modelling of biological processes, population dynamics, and ecosystem interactions. However, a number of fisheries management failures could have resulted from a misunderstanding of fishers behaviour rather than from limited knowledge of the status of fishery resources. It has for example been showed that in an exploited system, fishers’ spatial behaviour influences the predicted outcomes of management policies, just as importantly as biological and ecological factors. The objective of the work is to describe and model fishers behaviour in order to be able to take it into account while evaluating management measures. Fishing behaviour can be described at three different scales. Short term behavior describes how fishermen behave during a fishing trip. Mid term behaviour describes how they allocate their fishermen behave during a fishing trip. Mid term behavior describes how they allocates their fishing effort among available metiers and fishig areas. And long term behavior describes how fishing capacity evolutes over the years. The present PhD focused on short and mid-term behaviour
Labry, Claire. "Dynamique du phosphore et rôle comme facteur limitant de la production planctonique dans le panache de la Gironde sur le plateau continenal Sud Gascogne." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX22092.
Full textBrocheray, Sandra. "Transferts et accumulations sur les marges du Golfe de Gascogne : architecture, fonctionnement et contrôles." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0079/document.
Full textThis work presents an analysis of the morphology and sedimentary dynamic of the Cap-Ferret and Capbreton turbidite systems (south Bay of Biscay), containing the first recognition of the whole Capbreton turbidite system. The dataset comprises subsurface geophysical data (multibeam bathymetric and imagery, Chirp sub-bottom profiler) and piston cores, acquired during the oceanographic cruise Sargass conducted by the Bordeaux University. Studied by morpho-bathymetric analyses, the upstream-downstream evolution of the sedimentary bodies joined to the sedimentological data help to understand the active gravity processes of the systems. In the Capbreton system, a special focus is made on its Holocene gravity deposits occurring at high frequencies. In the Cap-Ferret system, the channel-lobe transition zone has been investigated at high resolution and revealed sedimentary structures poorly documented at this scale of details in recent turbidite systems. The glacio-eustatic and autocyclic forcing are expressed in different ways in each turbidite sytem. A regional sedimentary dynamic model is proposed for the last 50,000 years
Remond, Barbara. "Les couches diffusantes du golfe de Gascogne : caractérisation acoustique, composition spécifique et distribution spatiale." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066076/document.
Full textFisheries acoustic data are continuously collected during ecosystemic surveys to detect fish schools of commercial species and to quantify the fish abundance. These multifrequency data also contain information about smaller target aggregations producing ubiquitous Sound Scattering Layers (SSLs) on the echograms, with quite diverse shape, frequency responses and taxonomic compositions. In this work, we focus on the SSLs observed in spring in the Bay of Biscay during the PELGAS surveys. The objectives are: i) to classify SSLs, ii) to describe their spatial meso-scale distribution, iii) to investigate their relationships with other ecosystem components, and iv) to investigate the taxonomic composition of resonant SSLs at fine scale. A Multiple Correspondence Analysis based method for non supervised echoes classification is applied to PELGAS multifrequency data to define constrasted and spatially structured “acoustic landscapes”. Acoustic landscapes are dominated by frequency responses of gas-bearing organisms, whose gas inclusion might resonate at the fisheries acoustic frequencies. No correlation is found between the spatial distributions of acoustic landscapes and those of other pelagic ecosystem components indices. The biological composition of resonant SSLs is investigated by jointly applying forward and inverse approaches to fine scale acoustic and biological data collected in the same dense SSL. Results suggest that the dense SSLs may be comprised of fish larvae (e.g. Sardina pilchardus) and larger micronektonic gas-bearing organims that are so far very poorly sampled by non-acoustic devices
Remond, Barbara. "Les couches diffusantes du golfe de Gascogne : caractérisation acoustique, composition spécifique et distribution spatiale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066076.
Full textFisheries acoustic data are continuously collected during ecosystemic surveys to detect fish schools of commercial species and to quantify the fish abundance. These multifrequency data also contain information about smaller target aggregations producing ubiquitous Sound Scattering Layers (SSLs) on the echograms, with quite diverse shape, frequency responses and taxonomic compositions. In this work, we focus on the SSLs observed in spring in the Bay of Biscay during the PELGAS surveys. The objectives are: i) to classify SSLs, ii) to describe their spatial meso-scale distribution, iii) to investigate their relationships with other ecosystem components, and iv) to investigate the taxonomic composition of resonant SSLs at fine scale. A Multiple Correspondence Analysis based method for non supervised echoes classification is applied to PELGAS multifrequency data to define constrasted and spatially structured “acoustic landscapes”. Acoustic landscapes are dominated by frequency responses of gas-bearing organisms, whose gas inclusion might resonate at the fisheries acoustic frequencies. No correlation is found between the spatial distributions of acoustic landscapes and those of other pelagic ecosystem components indices. The biological composition of resonant SSLs is investigated by jointly applying forward and inverse approaches to fine scale acoustic and biological data collected in the same dense SSL. Results suggest that the dense SSLs may be comprised of fish larvae (e.g. Sardina pilchardus) and larger micronektonic gas-bearing organims that are so far very poorly sampled by non-acoustic devices
Jammes, Suzon Manatschal Gianreto. "Processus d'amincissement crustal en contexte transtensif L'exemple du golfe de Gascogne et des Pyrénées basques /." Strasbourg : Université de strasbourg, 2009. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/1157/01/JAMMES_Suzon_2009.pdf.
Full textJammes, Suzon. "Processus d'amincissement crustal en contexte transtensif : l'exemple du golfe de Gascogne et des Pyrénées basques." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/JAMMES_Suzon_2009.pdf.
Full textThe Bay of Biscay represents a V-shaped oceanic basin that opened in Aptian-Albian time within a transtensional setting. In front of this propagating ocean several rift basins preserve evidence for extreme crustal thinning (e. G. Parentis, Arzacq-Mauleon, Cantabrian basins). During the subsequent Pyrenean compression in Santonian to Oligocene time, the southern Mauleon and Cantabrian basins were strongly reactivated and became part of the western Pyrenees meanwhile the Parentis basin located further to the northwest, was only weakly reactivated and preserved the major structure related to rifting. This situation enables to study the processes and timing of extreme crustal thinning with geological methods on land (southern Mauleon basin) and in using geophysical and drilling data in the northern Arzacq and onshore in the Parentis basin. In my study I was able to describe, based on a multidisciplinary and multiscale approach the rift structures from the outcrop to the basin scale and to propose a numerical model that can describe the evolution of these basins in time and space. The major results obtained are:1) the discovery and proposition that mantle and mid crustal rocks were exhumed along top-basement detachment faults to the seafloor;2) the reconstruction and reinterpretation of the rift evolution in the Bay of Biscay showing a polyphase evolution that initiated with a stretching phase (Triassic-Jurassic) continued in a transtensional phase occurring between latest Jurassic to Early Aptian time and playing a major rule in pre-structuring the area during final thinning and exhumation in Aptian to Albian time;3) the finding that ductile layers in the crust (middle crust) but also in the sediments (Triassic salt) are important in controlling the final rift structures and basin geometries. Finally, it is clear that the rift-related inheritance played a major role during reactivation and formation of the Pyrenean orogen
Lample, Michel. "Etude de la simulation des marees internes dans la pycnocline profonde du golfe de gascogne." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112145.
Full textVan, den Beld Inge. "Habitats coralliens dans les canyons sous-marins du Golfe de Gascogne : distribution, écologie et vulnérabilité." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0017/document.
Full textCold-water coral (CWC) habitats formed by colonial scleractinians, gorgonians, antipatharians and sea pens are biodiversity and biomass hotspots that provide important functions, such as shelter and feeding grounds, to other organisms. But, they are also vulnerable to human activities, because they are long-lived, grow slowly and have a low resistance. Submarine canyons may offer the environmental conditions needed for CWC habitat development, due to their steep topography, complex hydrodynamics and substrate heterogeneity. In the Bay of Biscay, which margin is incised by hundreds of canyons, CWCs are known to exist since the late 19th century, but their distribution, density and functional role remained largely unknown, which impaired their preservation.To increase this knowledge, 24 canyons and three locations between adjacent canyons were visited with an ROV and a towed camera system during 46 dives on 7 cruises. Images were analysed for CWC habitats using the CoralFISH classification system. Within these habitats, corals, associated fauna were identified and substrate cover measured. Litter was identified in 15 out of 24 canyons.Eleven coral habitats constructed by 62 coral morphotypes were observed in the canyons of the Bay of Biscay hosting 191 associated megafaunal morphotypes, including 160 unique morphotypes. The distribution patterns at regional and local scales could be linked to hydrodynamics and sedimentary regimes. Substrate type was an important driver for coral and associated faunal assemblages, distinguishing biogenic, hard substrate and soft substrate habitats. Coral assemblages were similar between biogenic and hard substrate habitats, but the associated fauna was more abundant and diverse on biogenic habitats. The alpha, beta and gamma diversity was surprisingly high on soft substrate habitats, equalling or exceeding that of biogenic habitats.Marine litter was abundant and was mainly composed of plastic items and fishing gear. Litter could co-occur with CWCs and impact them: litter and most CWC habitats were observed at similar water depths and litter was more abundant in areas with a seafloor relief created by biological or geological features. Observations of coral reefs on steeper areas in the canyons and coral debris on flatter areas on the interfluve/upper slope may indicate a potential impact of the fishing industry. This study supports the ongoing effort to create a Natura 2000 network that will protect biogenic and hard substrate habitats, but also points out the need to develop a framework for the preservation of coral habitats on soft substrate
Herbert, Gaëlle. "Modélisation et observation de la dynamique haute fréquence de la circulation du golfe de Gascogne." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1751/.
Full textWe analyse the variability of winter upper circulation in the southern Bay of Biscay from satellite and in situ observations and numerical simulations based on the SYMPHONIE code. We aim to get a better insight on the high frequency dynamics (a few hours to a few days) due to atmospheric forcing and estimate the adequacy of available tools to observe and simulate these processes. We first determine whether a coastal altimetric dataset (based on TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 alongtrack data) can detect occurrences of a slope current (the Iberian Poleward Current, IPC). The results show the ability of altimetry to monitor IPC pulses under any atmospheric conditions or when the SST signature is weak, that makes it as an essential component for the IPC observing system in addition to satellite SST and mooring data. Then, we analyse the ocean response to storm Klaus that occurred on January 24th 2009 and its representation in a numerical simulation. More specifically, we characterize the response in temperature and salinity and the vertical mixing processes, the response in surface currents and the surge associated to the windstorm. The realism of the numerical simulation to represent these processes is evaluated by comparisons with satellite and in situ observations. Besides, a large part of the study is dedicated to improve the numerical simulations making several tests on parametrisations
Garcia, Jennifer. "Enregistrement Holocène dans le sud-est du golfe de Gascogne : signaux climatiques globaux et régionaux." Phd thesis, Angers, 2013. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01067832.
Full textThis work aims to improve the use of biological tracers (or proxies) to reconstruct past hydrological changes in the Bay of Biscay (B of B) over the Holocene. The study of sedimentary archives from the southeastern (SE) B of B demonstrated that this environment, which is marginal from the general ocean thermohaline circulation and under the direct influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), records global as well as regional Holocene climatic variability. In this context, short sedimentary cores (1 to 3m long) were retrieved from four stations located along a NWSE bathymetric gradient in the SE B of B. Sedimentary characteristics, planktic (PF) and benthic (BF) foraminiferal assemblages, coccolith assemblages, oxygen and carbon isotopic ratios of the foraminiferal shells, as well as size measurements were investigated every 0. 5 to 10 cm. From 13 000 cal yrs BP to modern ages, B of B has encountered a succession of environnemental perturbations in response to global forcing factors (insolation, atmospheric and oceanic circulations). Planktic fauna constitute good proxies of temperature and water column stratification characteristics, forced by short-, mid- and long- term insolation changes, allowing the distinction of high summer temperature periods or periods of intense primary production (PP; spring blooms). The occurrence of species typical of subtropical environments suggests long-term incursions of the warm and saline water Navidad Current from the Iberian margin, reaching the SE corner of the B of B. These incursions are nowadays observed during negative NAO conditions. Along with the holocene rising sea-level until ~8 000 cal yrs BP, strong continental influence affects benthic environments characterized by intense sediment transports. From 8 000 cal yrs BP, benthic fauna responds mainly to PP and occasionally to lateral transport of organic matter by fluvial plumes. This study allows also the correlation of the near continent climatic events to environmental perturbations observed locally in this marginal sea, such as the coupling between high precipitation on the Iberian peninsula to high nutrient inputs into the B of B, or the coupling between the impact of a displacement of the Adour outlet to the eutrophisation of the benthic environment
Herbert, Gaëlle. "Modélisation et observation de la dynamique haute fréquence de la circulation du Golfe de Gascogne." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00755017.
Full textGarcia, Jennifer. "Enregistrement Holocène dans le Sud-Est du Golfe de Gascogne. Signaux climatiques globaux et régionaux." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067832.
Full textNérot, Caroline. "Invertébrés benthiques et biomarqueurs : témoins du fonctionnement trophique des écosystèmes côtiers." Brest, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716957.
Full textThe trophic functioning of benthic coastal ecosystems depends on the availability of organic matter sources (OM). At the scale of the continental shelf, the variability of diversity and abundance of these sources reflects in the spatial distribution of primary consumers such as filter4eeding bivalves. If the trophic sources are widely studied on tidal flats and estuarine areas, the knowledge on the benthic food web of the continental shelf is limited by sampling issues at depths down to 200 m, about 300 km offshore in the northern Gulf of Biscay. In this study, stable isotopes and fatty acids used as trophic markers were measured in tissues of five bivalve species, on a depth gradient (0-200 m) across the continental shelf of the Bay of Biscay, in two regional sites strongly contrasted by their natural features and human pressures. The spatial variations of the trophic signatures of bivalves allowed distinguishing three zones with different trophic functioning, consistently with hydrological structures described on the continental shelf and that control phytoplankton dynamics. The results also revealed a limited spatial extent of terrestrial inputs in the OM sources consumed by the bivalves. Finally, despite the conclusions obtained by the use of stable isotopes and fatty acids were fairly consistent, the interpretation of some results suggests a strong influence of the metabolic processes on trophic signatures of bivalves
Castège, Iker. "Evolution des populations d’oiseaux et de mammifères marins dans le Golfe de Gascogne en relation avec les changements environnementaux." Pau, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PAUU3025.
Full textThis Thesis report deals mainly with data processing of a long term data set (1976-2009) gathered from a long term survey of seabirds and sea mammals in the Bay of Biscay (France; East Atlantic). In this report we highlight some aspects of the spatio-temporal dynamics of those populations, and thus of the marine ecosystems in which they live. We emphasize the role of two major environmental forces. First of all, we investigated the direct influence of human-borne pollutions and accidental by-catches : recent oilspills (namely from the “Erika” and then the “Prestige” ships) had various and complex effects on seabird populations, but none on cetacean populations, given that stranding patterns were more likely linked by abundance and distribution of living animals at sea than by-catches or accidental oispills. Secondly, we adressed the influence of oceano-climatic variations on abundance of those top-predator populations. Overall results have important implications in species and ecosystem management (e. G. Marine Protected Areas design) as well as fundamental ecology (e. G. Ecosystem oceanography paradigm)
Elizalde, Arriaga Marta. "Les communautés suprabenthiques bathyales de la marge sud du canyon du Cap-Ferret (Golfe de Gascogne)." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR10634.
Full textThinon, Isabelle. "Structure profonde de la Marge Nord Gascogne et du Bassin Armoricain." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00605279.
Full textMaugé, Rudy. "Modèles de génération des marées internes." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2040.
Full textThis thesis studies the generation of internal tides and their propagation toward the deep ocean. We emphasize the major rote of interactions between the modes, and more particularly their influence on the nonlinear and nonhydrostatic internal-tide evolution and its subsequent disintegration in solitons. The sequence of internal tide generation models derived here, gradually leads to a more realistic representation of stratification and topography. A weakly nonlinear and nonhydrostatic internal tide model with three homogeneous layers is developed to study the influence of a double thermocline (e. G. Both a seasonal and a permanent one) on the generation of solitons. The results show the crucial rote of the second, deeper interface as it accelerates and intensifies the formation of solitons. For a continuous representation of stratification, a linear and hydrostaic model for the generation and propagation of internal tide is presented. It's derived using a modal approach, in which the topography is assumed to be slowly varying with respect to the horizontal internal-tide length scale. For parameters representative of the Gay of Biscay, the model shows how the internal-tide energy propagates toward the deep ocean, affecting the whole water column. This model offers the benefit of allowing a straightforward extension to a weakly nonlinear and nonhydrostatic internal-tide generation model, and is shown to be able to describe the local generation of solitons in the central Gay of Biscay, in accordance with observations
Radenac, Marie-Hélène. "Restitution de la température de surface à échelle moyenne à l'aide du canal infra-rouge de Meteosat-2 : Application au Golfe de Gascogne." Brest, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BRES0010.
Full textLe, Gentil Eric. "Pollution par les hydrocarbures en Manche et golfe de Gascogne. Risques et prévention entre 1960 et 2004." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00435266.
Full textBerdoulay, Maïté. "Analyses physico-chimiques et microbiologiques de façades en pierre exposées aux embruns marins du golfe de Gascogne." Pau, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PAUUA001.
Full textDuring this thesis, we developed a DNA-based molecular method adapted to the genotyping of microorganisms living on building stone. Once calibrated, the method was tested by characterizing microbial biofilms from two stony types of construction frequently encountered on the coast of the golfe de Gascogne. This analysis showed that the method is effective to reveal the microbial biodiversity of biofilms. It was also used to better understand the evolution of the microbial biodiversity during stone colonization, on a period of 2 years. This analysis allowed us to identify pioneer microorganisms, some of them being unexpected, as well as secondary colonizers
Assassi, Charefeddine. "Variabilité interannuelle et analyse de la turbulence géostrophique dans le golfe de Gascogne à partir de simulations." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0102/document.
Full textThe Bay of Biscay (BoB), an environment rich in physical processes has been studied from numerical simulations. Thestudy is built around scales from the size of BoB until sub mesoscale.ln the first part, we examined the interannual variability of the sea surface temperature and saliniÇ over a period of 53years: we were able to describe two trends related to the North-East Atlantic. Cooling and freshening until 1976 thatcould be related to the Great Salinity Anomaly and current salinification related to the atmospheric increase of CO2.The Bay of Biscay is characterized by a slope current, the lberian Poleward Current (lPC): its variability is linked to theSouth West wind strengthens the IPC by a geostrophic current in the lberian Basin. One of the interesting results foundin simulations and confirmed by observations is the appearance of cold anomalies related to upwellings and alternatingwith warm anomalies 'La Navidad'. These upwellings could be linked to the north wind in the lberian Basin but to the West current along the northern Spanish coast.ln the second part, we are committed to the meso and sub mesoscale eddies through a method of detection and throughthe variability of energy spectra. An index based on the ratio of surface density anomaly and sea level anomaly allowsdetecting subsurface vortices and distinguishing them from the surface ones. The application of this index from thesatellite data confirms the detection potential of Slope Water Oceanic Eddies (subsurface vortices of BoB).The description of the Eddy Kinetic Energy (EKE) in the BoB. shows a spatial variability with maximum along the Spanishnorth coast linked to the lPC. The slopes of the spectra (k-4.2 for SSH, k-2.4 for SST and k-2.4 for the kinetic energy) are different from satellite observations, but comparable with previous studies. These spectral slopes have a seasonalvariability with a maximum in winter and minimum in summe¡ related to the seasonal cycle of EKE
Lapijover, Alice. "Révéler la dimension socio-politique des interactions entre pêcheries et petits cétacés dans le golfe de Gascogne." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LAROS029/document.
Full textLooking at the sea as political and social space involves reaching across borders and disciplines. The task is thrilling but requires reshuffling the cards. Thus, this thesis ambitious objective is to understand how humans observe and manage the marine environment, and how they achieve, or not, to exchange around the obtained representations. The famous example of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry should give us an idea of the challenges to overcome. Where some see a hat, others imagine a boa snake digesting an elephant. So, in this study, our job is to draw a simple but precise description of humans’ points of view on their surroundings. More precisely, we focus on scientists, decision-makers and fishermen’s points of view on interactions between fisheries and small cetaceans in the Bay of Biscay (France). Therefore, we wondered how to observe stakeholders’ strategic positions on small cetacean bycatch in the Bay of Biscay to restore trust-based relationships and re-establish constructive dialogue among stakeholders. To answer this question, we set up a participatory process to support stakeholders in building a shared vision of the marine environment. By implementing this method, we showed that the marine environment is scientifically constructed. It also needs to be politically and socially constructed to incorporate the necessary complexity to sustainably manage interactions between human activities and marine ecosystems. As such, observation and management instruments of the marine environment play a central role as we will explain in this thesis
Kacher, Mohamed. "Le Merlu du Golfe de Gascogne et de la Mer Celtique : Croissance, répartition spatiale et bathymétrique, écologie alimentaire et assemblages." Littoral, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DUNK0114.
Full textUp to now, the estimate of the northern hake stock present a number of difficulties because of the ignorance of its growth parameters. By describing the evolution of the growth for the juvenile stages (<25 cm), it was possible (1) to certify that the hakes in the Bay of Biscay and in the Celtic Sea belong to the same species, (2) to evaluate the growth rates of the various group of age and (3) to improve our knowledge about the spatial and bathymetric distribution, the food ecology and the trophic behaviour
Le, Loc'h François. "Structure, fonctionnement, évolution des communautés benthiques des fonds meubles exploités du plateau continental Nord Gascogne." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009359.
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