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Academic literature on the topic 'Gases Electrostatics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Gases Electrostatics"

1

Brown, R. C. "Electromobility and electrostatic effects in fine particles in gases. Electrostatics in the filtration of gases." Analytical Proceedings 25, no. 2 (1988): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ap9882500041.

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2

Turner, Jay R., and Heinz J. Fissan. "Convective diffusion of particles in external force fields: the role of electrostatics on particle removal from turbulently-mixed gases." Chemical Engineering Science 44, no. 5 (1989): 1255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(89)87024-1.

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Kazyuta, V. I. "Electrostatic phenomena in bag filtration of industrial gases." Steel in Translation 43, no. 8 (2013): 535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091213080068.

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Fissan, H., and Jay R. Turner. "Particle deposition from turbulently-mixed gases: electrostatic effects." Journal of Aerosol Science 18, no. 6 (1987): 623–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(87)90082-6.

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Ziedan, Hamdy A., Hegazy Rezk, Mujahed Al-Dhaifallah, and Emad H. El-Zohri. "Finite Element Solution of the Corona Discharge of Wire-Duct Electrostatic Precipitators at High Temperatures—Numerical Computation and Experimental Verification." Mathematics 8, no. 9 (2020): 1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8091406.

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Global warming is the greatest challenge faced by humankind, and the only way to reduce or totally eliminate its effects is by minimizing CO2 emissions. Electrostatic precipitators are very useful as a means to reduce emissions from heavy industry factories. This paper aims to examine the performance of wire-duct electrostatic precipitators (WDESP) as affected by high-temperature incoming gases with a varying number of discharge wires while increasing their radius. The precipitator performance is expressed in terms of the corona onset voltage on the stressed wires and the corona current–voltage (I–V) characteristic of the precipitators working with incoming gases at high temperatures. The start of the corona onset voltage on the surface of the discharge wires is calculated for the precipitators under high temperatures based on the standard of the self-repeat of avalanches’ electrons developing on the surface of the stressed wires at high temperatures. For this, calculating the electrostatic field in the precipitators with single- and multi-discharge wires due to the stressed wire with the use of the well-known charge simulation method (CSM) with high-temperature incoming gases is important. The modeling of corona I–V characteristics is adopted using the finite element method (FEM) for single- and multi- (3-, 5-, and 7-) discharge wires of WDESP with high-temperature incoming gases. Additionally, the electrostatic field, potential, and space charge of WDESP are calculated by a simultaneous solution of equations of Poisson, current density, and the continuity current density. A WDESP was set up in the Laboratory of High Voltage Engineering of Czech Technical University (CTU) in Prague, the Czech Republic, to measure the corona onset voltage values and corona I–V characteristics for different WDESP configurations at high temperatures with a varying number of discharge wires while increasing their radius. The calculated values of the corona onset voltage based on CSM and the calculated corona I–V characteristics based on FEM agree reasonably with those measured experimentally with high-temperature WDESP.

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Nosyrev, D. Ya, A. A. Svechnikov, and P. V. Letyagin. "Using Bipolar Corona Discharge for Electrostatic Purification of Gases." Russian Electrical Engineering 91, no. 3 (2020): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068371220030153.

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Kouropoulos, Giorgos. "Two-dimensional computational simulation flow of exhaust gases passing inside an electrostatic precipitator." Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering 10, no. 1 (2016): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4090/juee.2016.v10n1.106-112.

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In the present study the two-dimensional computational simulation flow of hot exhaust gases which are passed inside an electrostatic precipitator will be carried out. Initially, the theoretical background and necessary equations from fluid mechanics will be described. These equations will be used by software for flow simulation. Furthermore, are presented the design of precipitator through which the exhaust gases are passed. In the next step follows the declaration of various parameters of simulation on the software and finally the necessary images of the computational simulation for two case studies will be extracted. The general conclusions that arise are that the maximum flow velocity of exhaust gases prevails only at the beginning of the entrance of the precipitation element. There are different velocities in all other parts of precipitation element. When the exhaust gases approach the collecting electrodes within the element, their velocity is decreased.

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Kouropoulos, Giorgos. "Two-dimensional computational simulation flow of exhaust gases passing inside an electrostatic precipitator." Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering 10, no. 1 (2016): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4090/juee.2016.v10n1.106112.

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In the present study the two-dimensional computational simulation flow of hot exhaust gases which are passed inside an electrostatic precipitator will be carried out. Initially, the theoretical background and necessary equations from fluid mechanics will be described. These equations will be used by software for flow simulation. Furthermore, are presented the design of precipitator through which the exhaust gases are passed. In the next step follows the declaration of various parameters of simulation on the software and finally the necessary images of the computational simulation for two case studies will be extracted. The general conclusions that arise are that the maximum flow velocity of exhaust gases prevails only at the beginning of the entrance of the precipitation element. There are different velocities in all other parts of precipitation element. When the exhaust gases approach the collecting electrodes within the element, their velocity is decreased.

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Altun, Ayse Fidan, and Muhsin Kilic. "Utilization of electrostatic precipitators for healthy indoor environments." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 02020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911102020.

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A healthy and comfortable indoor environment is the most basic requirement of human beings. The importance of indoor air quality has been increasing day to day. Although ventilation systems have an essential role in improving indoor air quality, it is inevitable to clean the particulates, microorganisms and pollutant gases in the outside fresh air before being transferred to the indoor environment. Electrostatic precipitators are commonly used for collecting particles mostly in industrial plants. This paper presents a review of electrostatic filtration technology. In this study, theoretical and technical developments of electrostatic precipitators, design parameters that effect filtering performance, advantages, challenges, and limitations are discussed.

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Pandiyan, P., G. Uma, and M. Umapathy. "Design and simulation of electrostatic NEMS logic gates." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 37, no. 1 (2018): 2–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-12-2016-0544.

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Purpose This paper aims to present a design and simulation of electrostatic nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS)-based logic gates using laterally actuated cantilever with double-electrode structure that can implement logic functions, similar to logic devices that are made of solid-state transistors which operates at 5 V. Design/methodology/approach The analytical modeling of NEMS switch is carried out for finding the pull-in and pull-out voltage based on Euler-Bernoulli’s beam theory, and its numerical simulation is performed using finite element method computer-aided design tool COVENTORWARE. Findings This paper reports analytical and numerical simulation of basic NEMS switch to realize the logic gates. The proposed logic gate operates on 5 V which suits well with conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) logic which in turn reduces the power consumption of the device. Originality/value The proposed logic gates use a single bit NEMS switch per logic instead of using 6-14 individual transistors as in CMOS. One exclusive feature of this proposed logic gates is that the basic NEMS switch is structurally modified to function as specific logic gates depending upon the given inputs.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gases Electrostatics"

1

Kornelius, Gerrit. "The design of electrostatically augmented moving bed granular gas filters." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05052005-095030/.

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Heinert, Carter J. "Hidden Involvement of Liquids and Gases in Electrostatic Charging." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case162312024539738.

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3

Cheriton, Ross. "Electrostatic Control of Single InAs Quantum Dots Using InP Nanotemplates." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22758.

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This thesis focuses on pioneering a scalable route to fabricate quantum information devices based upon single InAs/InP quantum dots emitting in the telecommunications wavelength band around 1550 nm. Using metallic gates in combination with nanotemplate, site-selective epitaxy techniques, arrays of single quantum dots are produced and electrostatically tuned with a high degree of control over the electrical and optical properties of each individual quantum dot. Using metallic gates to apply local electric fields, the number of electrons within each quantum dot can be tuned and the nature of the optical recombination process controlled. Four electrostatic gates mounted along the sides of a square-based, pyramidal nanotemplate in combination with a flat metallic gate on the back of the InP substrate allow the application of electric fields in any direction across a single quantum dot. Using lateral fields provided by the metallic gates on the sidewalls of the pyramid and a vertical electric field able to control the charge state of the quantum dot, the exchange splitting of the exciton, trion and biexciton are measured as a function of gate voltage. A quadrupole electric field configuration is predicted to symmetrize the product of electron and hole wavefunctions within the dot, producing two degenerate exciton states from the two possible optical decay pathways of the biexciton. Building upon these capabilities, the anisotropic exchange splitting between the exciton states within the biexciton cascade is shown to be reversibly tuned through zero for the first time. We show direct control over the electron and hole wavefunction symmetry, thus enabling the entanglement of emitted photon pairs in asymmetric quantum dots. Optical spectroscopy of single InAs/InP quantum dots atop pyramidal nanotemplates in magnetic fields up to 28T is used to examine the dispersion of the s, p and d shell states. The g-factor and diamagnetic shift of the exciton and charged exciton states from over thirty single quantum dots are calculated from the spectra. The g-factor shows a generally linear dependence on dot emission energy, in agreement with previous work on this subject. A positive linear correlation between diamagnetic coefficient and g-factor is observed.

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Veluthen, Vijayagopal. "Plasma enhanced mercury capture in wet electrostatic precipitators." Ohio : Ohio University, 2003. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1177527557.

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Rodrigues, Marcos Vinícius. "Determinação da carga eletrostática em aerossóis e seu efeito na filtração de gases." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3964.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:55:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMVR.pdf: 2984636 bytes, checksum: 7a4e26302aeada36a4e2b3594d857fdc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-05-06<br>Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos<br>It has been shown that the presence of electrostatic charges in particles affects significantly the performance of a filter, both increasing collection efficiency and reducing pressure drop. The aim of the present work is to verify the influence of the charge level on collection efficiency during the first stages of filtration. A charge classifier was used to measure the charge level of the aerosol as a function of particle diameter. The filtration unit was made of polypropylene with 600 g/m2 weighing, and had a diameter of 0.047 m and a thickness of 0.0026 m. The solid used was a phosphate rock (density 2940 kg/m3 and average Stokes diameter of 3.40 mm). The aerosol was dispersed by a TSI Venturi type generator, model SSPD 3433. The particle charging was achieved by a corona. In all the tests a linear relation between the particles acquired charge and their diameter was observed. A gradual increase of the charge level was observed with an increase of the tension in the corona charger (0, -3, -6 kV). The filtration results indicated that the global collection efficiency of the filter was very sensitive to the variation of the charge level of the particles. Both efficiency and pressure drop increased when the charge level increased. During the tests, the small increase in pressure drop was evidence that the cake had not yet been formed.<br>A presença de cargas eletrostáticas em partículas a serem removidas tem se mostrado um fator que contribui sensivelmente para o desempenho do meio filtrante, tanto no aumento da eficiência de coleta quanto na diminuição de perda de carga do filtro. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo verificar a influência do nível de cargas eletrostáticas das partículas na eficiência de coleta do filtro durante os estágios iniciais da filtração. Para a medição do nível de cargas, foi utilizado o classificador de cargas eletrostáticas, equipamento capaz de medir o nível de cargas elétricas de um aerossol em função do diâmetro da partícula. A unidade de filtração utilizada apresentava 0,047 m de diâmetro. Como meio filtrante, foi utilizado tecido de polipropileno de 0,0026 m de espessura e gramatura 600 g/m2. O sólido utilizado foi um concentrado fosfático (densidade: 2940 Kg/m3 e diâmetro de Stokes médio de 3,40 mm). O aerossol foi disperso por um gerador tipo venturi marca TSI modelo SSPD 3433, e a eletrização das partículas feita através de um carregamento tipo corona. Em todos os testes de determinação do nível de carga das partículas foi observado comportamento linear entre o nível de carga adquirida pela partícula e o diâmetro. Houve aumento gradativo do nível de carregamento das partículas com o aumento da tensão no carregador tipo corona (0, -3, -6 kV). Os resultados de filtração indicaram que a eficiência global de coleta do filtro apresentou-se muito sensível à variação do nível de cargas das partículas. Houve um aumento da eficiência e um decréscimo da queda de pressão mediante a eletrização das partículas. Durante a realização dos testes houve um aumento muito pequeno da queda de pressão evidenciando a não formação de torta de filtração.

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6

Weichselbaum, Andreas. "Nanoscale Quantum Dynamics and Electrostatic Coupling." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1091115085.

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7

Falaguasta, Maria Carolina Ribeiro. "Estudo do desempenho de um precipitador eletrostático operando na captura de partículas submicrométricas e nanométricas." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3969.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:55:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMCRF.pdf: 11090482 bytes, checksum: acd91fb03f2001e7f8897df596f44b7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-05-24<br>Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais<br>The removal of submicron particles from gaseous streams is becoming an increasingly important operation, both in industrial (nanotechnology) as well as in occupational (inhalation of particula te matter) applications. Among the equipments commonly employed for the removal of particula tes of the gaseous stream, the electrostatic precipitator, ESP, is the one capable of removing particles of such size with high efficiency. Furthermore, it has other advantages as the low pressure drop and the flexibility of working at higher temperatures. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of operational and design parameters in the efficiency of particle removal of a plate-wire ESP operating in the removal of submicron particles. The precipitator was built in acrylic, with copper plates as collecting electrodes and stainless steel wires as discharge electrodes. The study was divided in two stages: the first studied the collection of PM2.5 (high risk particle matter), using alumina, with median diameter of 0.6 mm and maximum diameter of 2.5 mm as test powder, while the stage 2 focused the nanometric range, utilizing particles of sodium chloride, with diameters between 8 and 100 nm. In stage 1, the project parameters analyzed were duct length (L), diameter of the discharge electrodes (2r) and spacing between them (2c); the operational variables were the electric field (E) and the air velocity (v). Each variable was evaluated in two levels, whose values were Lne = 15 and 30 cm; 2r = 0.045 and 0.025 cm; 2c = 4 and 2 cm; E = 5 and 8 kV/cm and, finally, v = 0.5 and 1.0 m/s. The process performance was evaluated through the analysis of the global efficiency of removal of the particula te matter, obtained through isokinetic sampling. In stage 2, the project parameter analyzed were the duct length (Lne), the ratio s/2c and the distance between the collection plates (2s) and the operational variables were the air velocity (v) and current density (j). Each operation variable was evaluated in three levels, whose values were v = 0.125, 0.25 and 0.50 m/s and j = 1.8, 2.8 and 3.8 mA/m2. The project parameters were studied in two leve ls, Lne = 15 and 30 cm and 2s = 0.04 and 0.06 m. The process performance was evaluated through the analysis of the removal efficiency of the particulates obtained by particle counting, with the use of the Condensation Particle Counter 3007, from TSI. It was observed that the precipitator possesses high collection efficiency, even in the nanometric size range, were efficiencies larger than 99% were obtained, depending on the used configuration. As expected, the increase in air velocity, as well as the decrease of the collecting plate length and of the generated current caused a decrease in the efficiency. Conversely, larger spacing between plates resulted in an increment in the efficiency, phenomenon also observed by some other researchers for larger particles. The ratio s/2c did not show a clear tendency in particle removal. When compared to models from the literature, the one that offered the better adjustment to the experimental data was the classic Deutsch model when used with a drag coefficient given by a modified version of the Li and Wang (2003a e b) equation.<br>A remoção de partículas submicrométricas de correntes gasosas tem-se constituído numa operação cada vez mais importante, tanto em aplicações industriais (nanotecnologia) quanto ocupacionais (inalação de material particulado). Dentre os equipamentos comumente empregados para a remoção de material particulado da corrente gasosa, o precipitador eletrostático é o que se apresenta mais apto a remover partículas de tal tamanho com alta eficiência. Desse modo, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a influência dos parâmetros de operação e de projeto na eficiência de remoção de um precipitador eletrostático do tipo placa-fio, operando na remoção de partículas sub e nanométricas. O precipitador foi construído em acrílico e possui placas coletoras de cobre e eletrodos de descarga de aço inox. O estudo foi dividido em duas etapas: a primeira estudou a coleta de PM2,5 (material inalável de alto risco), utilizando alumina, com diâmetro mediano de 0,6 mm e diâmetro máximo de 2,5 mm, enquanto a etapa 2 focou a faixa nanométrica, utilizando partículas de cloreto de sódio, com diâmetros entre 8 e 100 nm. Na etapa 1, os parâmetros de projeto analisados foram comprimento do duto (Lne), diâmetro dos eletrodos de descarga (2r) e espaçamento entre os mesmos (2c) e as variáveis de operação foram o campo elétrico (E) e a velocidade de escoamento do ar (v). Cada variável foi avaliada em dois níveis, cujos valores foram Lne = 15 e 30 cm; 2r = 0,045 e 0,025 cm; 2c = 4 e 2 cm; E = 5 e 8 kV/cm e, finalmente, v = 0,5 e 1,0 m/s. O desempenho do processo foi avaliado através da análise da eficiência global de remoção do material particulado, obtida através de amostragem isocinética. Na etapa 2, os parâmetros de projeto analisados foram L, relação s/2c e distância entre as placas de coleta (2s) e as variáveis de operação foram v e densidade de corrente (j). Cada variável de operação foi avaliada em três níveis, cujos valores são v = 0,125, 0,25 e 0,50 m/s e jne = 1,8, 2,8 e 3,8 mA/m2. Já os parâmetros de projeto foram estudados em dois níveis, Lne = 15 e 30 cm e 2s = 0,04 e 0,06 m. O desempenho do processo foi avaliado através da análise da eficiência de remoção do material particulado, obtida através da contagem de partículas. Observou-se que o precipitador possui grande capacidade de coletar partículas até mesmo na faixa nanométrica, obtendo eficiências para alguns casos maiores que 99%, dependendo da configuração utilizada. Como esperado, o aumento da velocidade do gás, bem como a diminuição do comprimento das placas coletoras e da corrente gerada, causaram uma diminuição da eficiência. Em contrapartida, o maior espaçamento entre as placas acarretou um incremento na eficiência, fenômeno também observado por alguns outros pesquisadores para partículas maiores. A relação s/2c não apresentou uma tendência clara na remoção do material particulado. Quando avaliados os modelos presentes na literatura, aquele que melhor se ajustou aos dados experimentais foi o modelo clássico de Deutsch, quando utilizado o coeficiente de arraste dado por uma versão modificada da equação de Li e Wang (2003a e b).

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8

Grahmann, Jan. "Hochempfindliche resonante Gassensoren auf der Basis von einkristallinen Silizium-Plattenschwingern." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-201000101.

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Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Modellerstellung und Technologie eines gravimetrischen Gassensors für organische Gase. Die Besonderheit liegt in dem verwendeten Resonatortyp. Es handelt sich um einen lateral elektrostatisch angeregten quadratischen Plattenresonator, der mit einer Rezeptorschicht versehen wird. Mit Hilfe von FEM-Berechnungen werden die Eigenfrequenzen und Eigenformen berechnet. Für die untersuchte Lamé- und Square-Mode wird die Sensorgüte unter Berücksichtigung des "Squeeze-Film-Damping" sowie der viskoelastischen Rezeptorschichteigenschaften bestimmt. Die Sensormoden werden durch ein Feder-Masse-Modell mit einem Freiheitsgrad modelliert und durch ein elektrisches Ersatzschaltbild repräsentiert. Die berechneten Nachweisgrenzen für Oktan und Toluol bei 6-facher Rauschgrenze liegen im zweistelligen ppb-Bereich. Für die technologische Umsetzung werden SOI-Wafer verwendet. Die ≤ 100 nm betragenden Spaltbreiten zwischen Elektroden und Resonator werden durch das RIE-Ätzen von Siliziumgräben mit senkrechten Seitenwänden, der Abscheidung von SiO2 als Opferschicht und dem Füllen der Gräben mit hochdotiertem Polysilizium hergestellt. Die Kontaktierung der Resonatoren erfolgt über einen leitenden Stamm, der aufgrund von selbstjustierenden Prozessen die Resonatorplatte zentriert einspannt<br>The following work is concerned with the modelling and fabrication technology of a gravimetric sensor for volatile organic compounds (VOC). Novelty is the combination of a lateral electrostatic driven square plate resonator with a gas sensitive detection layer. The eigenfrequencies and -modes are calculated with FEM simulations. Especially suited for gas sensors are the Lamé- and Square eigenmodes which are studied more closely. The quality factor is determined considering "squeeze film damping" and the viscoelastic properties of the gas sensitive detection layer. To present the sensor oscillation modes a spring mass model with one degree of freedom is determined and extended by an equivalent circuit diagram. The calculated limits of detections for octane and toluene are in the binary ppb-range, working with six times the limit of frequency noise. SOI-wafers are the base material for the sensor process flow. Electrode gaps ≤100 nm, essential for the electrostatic drive, are fabricated by RIE-etching vertical trenches into the device layer down to the buried oxide and by depositing a silicon dioxide as sacrifical layer and by refilling the trenches with highly doped polysilicon. The electrical contact of the resonator plate is ensured through an electrical conducting polysilicon stem. The developed process flow enables a self alignment ot the stem, clamping the plate centered

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9

Grahmann, Jan. "Hochempfindliche resonante Gassensoren auf der Basis von einkristallinen Silizium-Plattenschwingern." Doctoral thesis, 2007. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A19264.

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Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Modellerstellung und Technologie eines gravimetrischen Gassensors für organische Gase. Die Besonderheit liegt in dem verwendeten Resonatortyp. Es handelt sich um einen lateral elektrostatisch angeregten quadratischen Plattenresonator, der mit einer Rezeptorschicht versehen wird. Mit Hilfe von FEM-Berechnungen werden die Eigenfrequenzen und Eigenformen berechnet. Für die untersuchte Lamé- und Square-Mode wird die Sensorgüte unter Berücksichtigung des "Squeeze-Film-Damping" sowie der viskoelastischen Rezeptorschichteigenschaften bestimmt. Die Sensormoden werden durch ein Feder-Masse-Modell mit einem Freiheitsgrad modelliert und durch ein elektrisches Ersatzschaltbild repräsentiert. Die berechneten Nachweisgrenzen für Oktan und Toluol bei 6-facher Rauschgrenze liegen im zweistelligen ppb-Bereich. Für die technologische Umsetzung werden SOI-Wafer verwendet. Die ≤ 100 nm betragenden Spaltbreiten zwischen Elektroden und Resonator werden durch das RIE-Ätzen von Siliziumgräben mit senkrechten Seitenwänden, der Abscheidung von SiO2 als Opferschicht und dem Füllen der Gräben mit hochdotiertem Polysilizium hergestellt. Die Kontaktierung der Resonatoren erfolgt über einen leitenden Stamm, der aufgrund von selbstjustierenden Prozessen die Resonatorplatte zentriert einspannt.<br>The following work is concerned with the modelling and fabrication technology of a gravimetric sensor for volatile organic compounds (VOC). Novelty is the combination of a lateral electrostatic driven square plate resonator with a gas sensitive detection layer. The eigenfrequencies and -modes are calculated with FEM simulations. Especially suited for gas sensors are the Lamé- and Square eigenmodes which are studied more closely. The quality factor is determined considering "squeeze film damping" and the viscoelastic properties of the gas sensitive detection layer. To present the sensor oscillation modes a spring mass model with one degree of freedom is determined and extended by an equivalent circuit diagram. The calculated limits of detections for octane and toluene are in the binary ppb-range, working with six times the limit of frequency noise. SOI-wafers are the base material for the sensor process flow. Electrode gaps ≤100 nm, essential for the electrostatic drive, are fabricated by RIE-etching vertical trenches into the device layer down to the buried oxide and by depositing a silicon dioxide as sacrifical layer and by refilling the trenches with highly doped polysilicon. The electrical contact of the resonator plate is ensured through an electrical conducting polysilicon stem. The developed process flow enables a self alignment ot the stem, clamping the plate centered.

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Books on the topic "Gases Electrostatics"

1

Dismukes, Edward B. Technology for the control of particulates and sulfur oxides by electrostatic techniques. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1991.

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2

Zhuravlev, V. K. Ėlektrofizicheskie sposoby ochistki otkhodi͡a︡shchikh gazov. "Kazakhstan", 1985.

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McKee, Jean E. High-sulfur spray dryer, Shawnee test program: Characterization of 10-MW spray-dryer electrostatic precipitator by-product : final report. [Tennessee Valley Authority, Power Business Operations], Generation Projects Group, Research and Development, 1988.

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McKee, Jean E. High-sulfur spray dryer, Shawnee test program: Characterization of 10-MW spray-dryer electrostatic precipitator by-product : final report. [Tennessee Valley Authority, Power Business Operations], Generation Projects Group, Research and Development, 1988.

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5

McKee, Jean E. High-sulfur spray dryer, Shawnee test program: Characterization of 10-MW spray-dryer electrostatic precipitator by-product : final report. [Tennessee Valley Authority, Power Business Operations], Generation Projects Group, Research and Development, 1988.

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McKee, Jean E. High-sulfur spray dryer, Shawnee test program: Characterization of 10-MW spray-dryer electrostatic precipitator by-product : final report. [Tennessee Valley Authority, Power Business Operations], Generation Projects Group, Research and Development, 1988.

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McKee, Jean E. High-sulfur spray dryer, Shawnee test program: Characterization of 10-MW spray-dryer electrostatic precipitator by-product : final report. [Tennessee Valley Authority, Power Business Operations], Generation Projects Group, Research and Development, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gases Electrostatics"

1

Chmielewski, A. G., E. Iller, B. Tymiński, Z. Zimek, and J. Licki. "Electron Flue Gases Treatment in Poland." In The Modern Problems of Electrostatics with Applications in Environment Protection. Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4447-6_15.

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Cramariuc, R., G. Marin, I. Teodorescu, et al. "Experimental Contributions for SO2 and NOx Reduction from Combustion Flue Gases by Energetic Electron Induced Plasma Process and Electrical Discharge." In The Modern Problems of Electrostatics with Applications in Environment Protection. Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4447-6_17.

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Abuzeid, Salem, and Ahmed Busnaina. "Deposition of Submicron Particles on Surfaces, Part I: Electrostatic Effect." In Particles in Gases and Liquids 3. Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1187-2_2.

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Moradi, Afshin. "Electrostatic Problems Involving Two-Dimensional Electron Gases in Planar Geometry." In Springer Series in Optical Sciences. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43836-4_6.

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Moradi, Afshin. "Electrostatic Problems Involving Two-Dimensional Electron Gases in Cylindrical Geometry." In Springer Series in Optical Sciences. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43836-4_8.

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"Aspects of One-Dimensional Coulomb Gases." In Electrostatics of Soft and Disordered Matter. Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15597-7.

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"Cleaning of dusty gases by pulse corona in the laboratory." In Electrostatics 1999, Proceedings of the 10th INT Conference, Cambridge, UK, 28-31 March 1999. CRC Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482268652-66.

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"Electrostatic ignition hazards associated with flammable substances in the form of gases, vapours, mists and dusts." In Electrostatics 1999, Proceedings of the 10th INT Conference, Cambridge, UK, 28-31 March 1999. CRC Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482268652-49.

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Hellborg, Ragnar. "Insulating gases." In The Electrostatic Accelerator: A versatile tool. IOP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-2571/aaea76ch5.

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Gassoumi, Bouzid, Fatma Ezzahra Ben Mohamed, Houcine Ghalla, and Rafik Ben Chaabane. "Possibility of Complexation of the Calix[4]Arene Molecule with the Polluting Gases: DFT and NCI-RDG Theory." In Environmental Change and Sustainability [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93838.

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The calix[4]arenes (abbreviated as CX[4]) are characterized by a specific hydrophobic cavity formed by a four cyclically phenol groups to encapsulate a gas or small molecules. Recently, the CX[4] molecule is used in a specific media and in pharmaceutical drug delivery. The pollution problem will be a vital subject in the future because the increase of the explosions of the gaseous pollutants in the environment. In this report, we have encapsulated the polluting gases NO3, NO2, CO2 and N2 by the calix[4]arene molecule. In this work, The binding energies of the CX[4]-gas has been calculated including the BSSE (Basis Set Superposition Error) counterpoise (CP). The red-shift of the O-H bonding interactions obtained by adding the gas in the sensitive area of calix[4]arene is clearly explained by the infrared spectrum analysis. The Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) of the stable CX[4]-gas complexes have been investigated in the endo-vs. exo-cavity regions. Finally, the non-covalent interactions analyses of the stable host-guests complexes have been estimated by using DFT calculations.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gases Electrostatics"

1

Xu, Haoming, Xiaohong Chi, Xinchen Fan, Ji Chen, Wenfeng Liu, and Zhen Li. "Electrostatic Discharge Characteristics of Typical Gases." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ichve49031.2020.9279421.

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Kourakis, Ioannis. "Nonlinear Modulated Envelope Electrostatic Wavepacket Propagation in Space and Laboratory Plasmas." In THE PHYSICS OF IONIZED GASES: 22nd Summer School and International Symposium on the Physics of Ionized Gases; Invited Lectures, Topical Invited Lectures and Progress Reports. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1843529.

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Min, Liu. "Study on electrostatic capacitance concept and measurement method." In 2014 XXXIth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ursigass.2014.6928997.

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Li, Chang, Mohamed S. Alshehhi, Tariq S. Khan, and Saqib Salam. "Experimental Analysis for Wire-Cylinder Electrostatic Precipitator." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71652.

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With the development of modern industry, the separation of suspended droplets from the gaseous flow has become increasingly important. In many industrial applications it is required to control the fine liquid droplets concentration in moving gaseous media. Refrigeration and Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning (HVAC) system is one major application. Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) can be adopted for separation of fine droplets in gases, since corona discharge could charge these droplets, then use of electrostatic force to implement separation and collection. However, separation of droplets in gaseous flow is a complex process which is combination of electrostatic and flow field. The current study investigates effects of key parameters like applied voltage, flow temperature, flow velocity and particle’s size on particles separation efficiency using a wire-cylinder assembly. Monodisperse particles are used in this study where above mentioned parameters have shown significant effect on the separation efficiency.

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Csaba Begy, Robert, Codrin Fabian Savin, and David-Karoly Sule. "The effect of water gases on radon measurements in electrostatic cell radon monitor." In RAD Conference. RAD Centre, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21175/rad.abstr.book.2021.28.18.

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Bologa, A., A. Hornung, H. Seifert, K. Woletz, and H. R. Paur. "Application of space-charge electrostatic precipitator for collection of oil mist from pyrolysis gases." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdl.2008.4622490.

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Ruiz, Janneth, Antonio Ardila, Bernardo Rueda, et al. "A Semi-Empirical Water and Energy Analysis of Industrial Production of Nickel From Mineral Ores: Comparative Analysis Between Two Different Technologies of Calcination." In ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2021-63958.

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Abstract In the ferronickel production process, mineral calcination is one of the most energy-intensive stages. In a typical rotary kiln calciner, particulate solids and combustions gases move counter currently, while solids undergo drying, pre-reduction, and partial reduction reactions. The combustion of natural gas provides the thermal energy for drying and reduction reactions. About 80 to 85% of the incoming laterite ore leaves the reactor as calcined ore, while the flue gases entrain part of the solids as dust. This work presents a theoretical analysis contrasted with experimental results to evaluate the partial reduction of laterite ores in two rotary kilns of 185 m and 135 m length. The study focused on the water formed in the process, including a comparative analysis of water consumption by two different solids recovery technologies, a gas scrubber and an electrostatic precipitator. Simulations allowed evaluating the water and greenhouse gas formation in the main streams of the process. Among the tested operation conditions, the moisture content in the pellets, consisting of agglomerated dust, strongly influenced the amount of water released in the process and the energy consumption. Furnace RK-2 needs approximately 56% more energy to evaporate the moisture content in the feedstock. Furthermore, furnace RK-2 released 55.4 m3h−1 of water into the atmosphere, which represented two times the amount released by furnace RK-1. Gas scrubber analysis showed that as the liquid water increased, more H2O in the gases was condensed; however, the destroyed exergy also increased. Electrostatic precipitators appear as an adequate technology for reducing water and energy consumption in the ferronickel industry.

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Pal, Subhradeep, Soumi Saha, and Sumanta Gupta. "Electrostatic Doping Assisted Push-Pull Mach Zehnder Modulator for Optical Interconnects." In 2020 XXXIIIrd General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science (URSI GASS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ursigass49373.2020.9232009.

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Cartwright, R. A., and C. Fisher. "Marine Gas Turbine Condition Monitoring by Gas Path Electrostatic Detection Techniques." In ASME 1991 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/91-gt-376.

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It was discovered in 1970 that certain gas turbine failures are preceded by an increase in electrostatic activity in the exhaust gases. Joint research by the Royal Aerospace Establishment and Stewart Hughes Limited demonstrated that this characteristic could be used to provide an on-line monitor of the precursors to these failures. An extension of the research applied the theory to the detection of foreign objects ingested into engine inlets. The characteristics and performance of both the Ingested Debris Monitoring System (IDMS) and Engine Distress Monitoring System (EDMS) were examined during a recent 2000 hours endurance trial of a Rolls-Royce Marine Spey gas turbine. The EDMS produced clear evidence of the minor combustor degradation that occurred steadily throughout the trial and also reflected the absence of other engine damage. IDMS data showed that few significant debris particles passed through the engine. Video endoscope and visual inspection confirmed these results. Debris seeding trials further explored the capability of the IDMS to identify the damaging nature of debris and to assess the EDMS signature of consequential engine damage. The paper concludes that electrostatic monitoring at engine inlet and exhaust can identify the ingestion of debris, consequential engine damage and the onset of unexpected distresses caused by blade rubs or combustor degradation. The technique shows potential to provide early warning of certain types of engine damage to Engineer Officers at sea and development into a rugged gas path condition monitoring system continues.

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Lapini, G. L., M. Zippo, and G. Tirone. "The Use of Electrostatic Charge Measurements as an Early Warning of Distress in Heavy-Duty Gas Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0373.

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The idea of measuring the electrostatic charge associated with the debris contained in the exhaust gases of a gas turbine (sometimes named EDMS, Engine Debris Monitoring System, or EEMS, Electrostatic Engine Monitoring System) has been demonstrated by several authors as an interesting diagnostic tool for the early warning of possible internal distresses (rubs, coating wear, hot spots in combustors, improper combustion, etc.) especially for jet engines or aeroderivative gas turbines. While potentially applicable to machines of larger size, the possibility of transferring this monitoring technology to heavy-duty gas turbines, which have exhaust ducts much bigger in size and different operating conditions, should be demonstrated. The authors present a synthesis of their experience and of the most significant data collected during a demonstration program performed on behalf of ENEL, the main Italian electric utility. The purpose of this program was to test this concept in real operating conditions on large turbines, and hence to evaluate the influence of the operating conditions on the system response and to assess its sensitivity to possible distresses. A good amount of testing has been performed, during this program, both on a full scale combustion rig, and on two machines rated at about 120 MW, during their normal and purposely perturbed operating conditions in a power plant. The authors, on the basis of the encouraging results obtained to date, comment on the work still required to bring this technology to full maturity.

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