Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gastransport

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Gastransport'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Gastransport"

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Kudrjawizki, Felix, and Matthias Bauer. "Gastransport durch die Oberfläche gerührter Flüssigkeiten." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 65, no. 11 (November 1993): 1360–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330651114.

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Könnecke, Hans-Günther, Dieter Luther, Hans-Christoph Abendroth, Wolfgang GäßNer, and Georg Schlanzke. "Untersuchungen mit Radionukliden zum Gastransport in Rohrleitungen." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 59, no. 12 (December 1987): 950–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330591212.

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QUATEMBER, B. "Simulationsmodell für den Gastransport, die Gasmischung und den Gasaustausch in den Atmungsorganen." Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering 40, s2 (1995): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmte.1995.40.s2.121.

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Wolfinger, Martin Georg, Gerhard Steiner, Johannes Rath, Bernhard Rummer, and Gernot Staudinger. "108. Trocknung und Pyrolyse von Holz - Flüssigkeits- und Gastransport im porösen Partikel." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 71, no. 9 (September 1999): 1013–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.3307109112.

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Misselwitz, Benjamin, and Reiner Wiest. "Abdominelle Distension und Blähungen." Schweizer Gastroenterologie 2, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43472-021-00048-w.

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ZusammenfassungAbdominelle Blähungen und Distensionen sind häufige klinische Symptome bei gastroenterologischen Patienten, die mit starker Einschränkung der Lebensqualität einhergehen können. Pathophysiologische Mechanismen sind komplex und sehr individuell und beinhalten a) eine gestörte abdominelle Akkommodation, d. h. Umverteilung der abdominothorakalen Organe mit Zwerchfelltiefstand und Relaxation der Bauchwand (Bauchvorwölbung), b) eine/n gestörte/n intestinaler Gastransport und -evakuation, c) vermehrte Gasansammlung luminal sowie d) viszerale Hypersensitivität. Blähungen sollten bei Erstmanifestation profund abgeklärt werden, während bei Rezidiven in Abwesenheit von Alarmsymptomen die Diagnostik minimal gehalten werden sollte. Therapeutisch sind Sport, Stuhlregulation und Ernährungsanpassung als Basistherapie wichtig. Hierbei können je nach führendem Pathomechanismus Anti‑/Probiotika, gasreduzierende Agenzien, Spasmolytika, Laxativa/Sekretagoga, Prokinetika, Biofeedback oder Antidepressiva hilfreich sein. Oft gestaltet sich die Behandlung von abdominellen Blähungen und Distension jedoch schwierig, daher ist eine verständnisvolle stabile Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung für eine langfristig erfolgreiche Behandlungsstrategie ausschlaggebend.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gastransport"

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Figueroa, Rodrigo A. "Gasemissionsverhalten abgedichteter Deponien : Untersuchungen zum Gastransport durch Oberflächenabdichtungen sowie zum mikrobiellen Abbau von Methan und FCKWs in Rekultivierungsschichten /." Bonn : Economica-Verl, 1998. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=007978570&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Häfner, Benjamin Felix [Verfasser], Manfred J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Hampe, and Samuel [Akademischer Betreuer] Schabel. "Untersuchungen zum Gastransport in der Auflockerungszone in einem geologischen Endlager in Tongestein / Benjamin Felix Häfner. Betreuer: Manfred J. Hampe ; Samuel Schabel." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2014. http://d-nb.info/111079262X/34.

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Zhang, Fan. "Model identification and model based analysis of membrane reactors." Aachen Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992051029/04.

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Emmez, Emre. "Adsorption on metal-supported silicate films." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17393.

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Die grundlegenden Aspekte chemischer Reaktionen auf Oberflächen können anhand von geeigneten Modelsystemen unter Vakuumbedingungen untersucht werden. Siliciumdioxid (SiO2) als wichtiges Material für hochmoderne Technologieanwendungen in der Mikroelektronik, Photonik und Katalyse, war Gegenstand zahlreicher Studien, um die Beziehungen zwischen der atomaren Struktur und funktionalen Eigenschaften von Silizium-basierten Materialien zu erklären. Diese Arbeit untersucht die Wechselwirkung von Gasen mit epitaktisch gewachsenen Silikat-Dünnschichten auf einem Ru(0001) Einkristall. Unter Verwendung von Infrarot-Reflexions-Absorptions-Spektroskopie (IRAS) und temperaturprogrammierter Desorptionspektroskopie (TPD) konnten die Hydroxy-Spezies auf reinen Silikatfilmen als isolierte Silanole (Si-OH) identifiziert werden. Isotopenexperimente haben gezeigt, dass sich thermisch stabile Oberflächenhydroxylate hauptsächlich aus der Adsorption von Wassermolekülen bilden. Ein Austausch der Silanole mit Sauerstoffatomen im Kristallgitter während des Dehydroxylierungsprozesses wurde nicht beobachtet. Durch die Adsorption von Gasen wie CO, H2 und O2 bei erhöhtem Druck, lässt sich auf komplexere Prozesse schließen. Dies beinhaltet Gastransport durch Poren im Film, was mit strukturellen Defekten in dem Silikatfilm verbunden ist, sowie nachfolgende Adsorption und Diffusion auf dem unterliegenden Ru(0001)-Substrat. Während der Einlagerung der Moleküle in die Silikatschicht bleibt der Oxidfilm auch unter hohem Druck (~ 10 mbar) sowie hoher Temperatur (~900 K) intakt. Solch ein Hybridsystem, welches eine robuste Siliciumdioxidmembran mit einem sich darunter befindlichen, chemisch aktiven Metall kombiniert, könnte ein interessantes Materialsystem für technische Anwendungen darstellen, insbesondere zur Herstellung von Katalysatoren und Sensoren sowie für Korrosionsanwendungen.
The fundamental aspects of the chemical reactions at surfaces can be elucidated by using well-defined model systems under the controlled conditions provided by vacuum-based techniques. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) as one of the crucial materials in modern technological applications, including microelectronics, photonics, and catalysis, has been subjected to numerous studies in order to rationalize relationships between the atomic structure and functional properties of silica-based materials. This work marks the attempt to understand interaction of ambient gases with a well-ordered, ultrathin silicate film grown on a Ru(0001) substrate. Using infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD), hydroxo species, primarily in the form of isolated silanols (Si-OH), were identified on pristine silicate films. Isotopic experiments demonstrated that surface hydroxyls form primarily from the water molecules. Silanols do not undergo scrambling with the lattice oxygen atoms upon dehydroxylation. Steps on a silicate sheet and/or “holes” in these ultrathin films are proposed as active sites for hydroxylation. Adsorption of gases such as CO, H2 and O2 at elevated pressures revealed a more complex behavior. It involves gas transport through the pores, associated with structural defects in the silicate film, subsequent adsorption, and diffusion across the Ru(0001) surface underneath. During this intercalation, the silicate film stays intact even under high pressure (~10 mbar) and high temperature conditions (~900 K). The silicate layer does however strongly passivate the Ru surface towards RuO2(110) formation that readily occurs on bare Ru(0001) under the same conditions. Such a hybrid system, which combines a robust silica “membrane” and a chemically active metal underneath, could become an interesting material for technological applications, in particular in catalysis, sensors and anti-corrosion applications.
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Samani, Shirin. "Coherent gas flow patterns in heterogeneous permeability fields." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-83854.

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Gas injection into saturated porous media has a high practical relevance. It is applied in groundwater remediation (air sparging), in CO2 sequestration into saline aquifers, and in enhanced oil recovery of petroleum reservoirs. This wide range of application necessitates a comprehensive understanding of gas flow patterns that may develop within the porous media and required modeling of multi-phase flow. There is an ongoing controversy in literature, if continuum models are able to describe the complex flow pattern observed in heterogeneous porous media, especially the channelized stochastic flow pattern. Based on Selker’s stochastic hypothesis, a gas channel is caused by a Brownian-motion process during gas injection. Therefore, the pore-scale heterogeneity will determine the shape of the single stochastic gas channels. On the other hand there are many studies on air sparging, which are based on continuum modeling. Up to date it is not clear under which conditions a continuum model can describe the essential features of the complex gas flow pattern. The aim of this study is to investigate the gas flow pattern on bench-scale and field scale using the continuum model TOUGH2. Based on a comprehensive data set of bench-scale experiments and field-scale experiments, we conduct for the first time a systematic study and evaluate the prediction ability of the continuum model. A second focus of this study is the development of a “real world”-continuum model, since on all scales – pore-scale, bench scale, field scale – heterogeneity is a key driver for the stochastic gas flow pattern. Therefore, we use different geostatistical programs to include stochastic conditioned and unconditioned parameter fields. Our main conclusion from bench-scale experiments is that a continuum model, which is calibrated by different independent measurements, has excellent prediction ability for the average flow behavior (e.g. the gas volume-injection rate relation). Moreover, we investigate the impact of both weak and strong heterogeneous parameter fields (permeability and capillary pressure) on gas flow pattern. The results show that a continuum model with weak stochastic heterogeneity cannot represent the essential features of the experimental gas flow pattern (e.g., the single stochastic gas channels). Contrary, applying a strong heterogeneity the continuum model can represent the channelized flow. This observation supports Stauffer’s statement that a so-called subscale continuum model with strong heterogeneity is able to describe the channelized flow behavior. On the other hand, we compare the theoretical integral gas volumes with our experiments and found that strong heterogeneity always yields too large gas volumes. At field-scale the 3D continuum model is used to design and optimize the direct gas injection technology. The field-scale study is based on the working hypotheses that the key parameters are the same as at bench-scale. Therefore, we assume that grain size and injection rate will determine whether coherent channelized flow or incoherent bubbly flow will develop at field-scale. The results of four different injection regimes were compared with the data of the corresponding field experiments. The main conclusion is that because of the buoyancy driven gas flow the vertical permeability has a crucial impact. Hence, the vertical and horizontal permeability should be implemented independently in numerical modeling by conditioned parameter fields.
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González, Grandón Tatiana Carolina. "Stochastic Optimization under Probust and Dynamic Probabilistic Constraints: with Applications to Energy Management." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/20395.

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Diese Arbeit liefert, in den ersten beiden Kapiteln einen allgemeinen Überblick über die klassischen Ansätze zur Optimierung unter Unsicherheit mit einem Schwerpunkt auf probabilistischen Randbedingung. Anschließend wird im dritten Kapitel eine neue Klasse von sogenannten Probust Randbedingungen beim Auftreten von Modellen mit unsicheren Parametern mit teilweise stochastischem und teilweise nicht-stochastischem Charakter eingeführt. Wir zeigen dabei die Relevanz dieser Aufgabentypen für zwei Problemstellungen in einem stationären Gasnetz auf. Erstens liegen beim Gastransport probabilistische Randbedingungen bezüglich der Gasnachfrage vor sowie auch robuste Randbedin- gungen bezüglich der Rauheitskoeffizienten in den Rohren, welche in der Regel unbekannt sind, da es keine zuverlässigen Messmöglichkeiten gibt. Zweitens lösen wir ein Problem für einen Netzbetreiber, der zum Ziel hat, die angebotene Kapazität für alte und neue Kunden zu maximieren. In diesem Fall ist man mit einer ungewis- sen Gesamtnachfrage konfrontiert, die sich aus der probabilistischen Nachfrage für Altkunden und der robusten Nachfrage für Neukunden zusammensetzt. Für beide Fälle zeigen wir, wie mit probusten Randbedingungen im Rahmen der sogenannten sphärisch-radialen Zerlegung multivariater Gauß-Verteilungen umgegangen werden kann. Starke und schwache Halbstetigkeitsergebnisse werden für den allgemeinen Fall, in Abhängigkeit davon ob Strategien in Lebesgue oder Sobolev Räumen angenommen werden, erstellt. Für ein ein- faches zweistufiges Modell werden überprüfbare Bedingungen für die Lipschitz- Stetigkeit und die Differenzierbarkeit dieser Wahrscheinlichkeitsfunktion abgeleitet und mit expliziten Ableitungsformeln unterstützt. Diese Werkzeuge werden dann verwendet, um das Problem des Bäckers und zwei Probleme des Wasserkraftmanagements zu lösen.
This thesis offers, in the first and second chapter, a general overview of the classical approaches to solving optimization under uncertainty, with a focus on probabilistic constraints. Then, in the third chapter, a new class of so-called Probust constraints is introduced in the presence of models with uncertain parameters having partially stochastic and partially non-stochastic character. We show the relevance of this class of approach and solve two problems in a stationary gas network. First, in the context of gas transportation, one ends up with a constraint, which is probabilistic with respect to the load of gas and robust with respect to the roughness coefficients of the pipes (which are uncertain due to a lack of attainable measurements). Secondly, we solve a problem for a network operator, who would like to maximize the offered capacity for old and new customers. In this case, one is faced with an uncertain total demand which is probabilistic for old clients and robust for new clients. In both problems, we demonstrate how probust constraints can be dealt within the framework of the so-called spheric-radial decomposition of multivariate Gaussian distributions. Furthermore, in chapter four, we present novel structural and numerical results for optimization problems under a dynamic joint probabilistic constraint. Strong and weak semicontinuity results are obtained for the general case depending on whether policies are supposed to be in Lebesgue or Sobolev spaces. For a simple two-stage model, verifiable conditions for Lipschitz continuity and differentiability of this probability function are derived and endowed with explicit derivative formulae. These tools are then used to solve the Baker's problem and two hydro-power management problems.
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Kapoustina, Viktoria [Verfasser], Jens-Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Repke, Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Rädle, Jens-Uwe [Gutachter] Repke, Matthias [Gutachter] Rädle, and Uwe [Gutachter] Hampel. "Planare Laserinduzierte Fluoreszenz zur experimentellen Analyse des Gastransports in Filmströmungen in Anwesenheit einer einzelnen Mikrostruktur / Viktoria Kapoustina ; Gutachter: Jens-Uwe Repke, Matthias Rädle, Uwe Hampel ; Jens-Uwe Repke, Matthias Rädle." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1201725135/34.

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Häfner, Benjamin Felix. "Untersuchungen zum Gastransport in der Auflockerungszone in einem geologischen Endlager in Tongestein." Phd thesis, 2014. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/3979/1/Genehmigte%20Dissertation%20Benjamin%20H%C3%A4fner%2C%20Stand%202014-05-16.pdf.

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Als Referenzszenario für diese Arbeit wird ein Gasdruckaufbau in der Nachbetriebsphase eines Endlagers für hochradioaktive Abfälle in Tongestein unterstellt. Es werden die für diesen Fall relvanten Stofftransportmechanismen in der Auflockerungszone unter Variierung szenariorelevanter identifiziert und deren jeweiliger Beitrag zum Gesamtstofftransport quantifiziert.
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Klusmann, Martin. "Marktabgrenzung und -feststellung im europäischen Kartellrecht am Beispiel des Gastransportes auf der Verbundstufe /." 1993. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/279922248.pdf.

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Samani, Shirin. "Coherent gas flow patterns in heterogeneous permeability fields: Coherent gas flow patterns in heterogeneous permeability fields: from bench-scale to field-scale." Doctoral thesis, 2011. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22800.

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Gas injection into saturated porous media has a high practical relevance. It is applied in groundwater remediation (air sparging), in CO2 sequestration into saline aquifers, and in enhanced oil recovery of petroleum reservoirs. This wide range of application necessitates a comprehensive understanding of gas flow patterns that may develop within the porous media and required modeling of multi-phase flow. There is an ongoing controversy in literature, if continuum models are able to describe the complex flow pattern observed in heterogeneous porous media, especially the channelized stochastic flow pattern. Based on Selker’s stochastic hypothesis, a gas channel is caused by a Brownian-motion process during gas injection. Therefore, the pore-scale heterogeneity will determine the shape of the single stochastic gas channels. On the other hand there are many studies on air sparging, which are based on continuum modeling. Up to date it is not clear under which conditions a continuum model can describe the essential features of the complex gas flow pattern. The aim of this study is to investigate the gas flow pattern on bench-scale and field scale using the continuum model TOUGH2. Based on a comprehensive data set of bench-scale experiments and field-scale experiments, we conduct for the first time a systematic study and evaluate the prediction ability of the continuum model. A second focus of this study is the development of a “real world”-continuum model, since on all scales – pore-scale, bench scale, field scale – heterogeneity is a key driver for the stochastic gas flow pattern. Therefore, we use different geostatistical programs to include stochastic conditioned and unconditioned parameter fields. Our main conclusion from bench-scale experiments is that a continuum model, which is calibrated by different independent measurements, has excellent prediction ability for the average flow behavior (e.g. the gas volume-injection rate relation). Moreover, we investigate the impact of both weak and strong heterogeneous parameter fields (permeability and capillary pressure) on gas flow pattern. The results show that a continuum model with weak stochastic heterogeneity cannot represent the essential features of the experimental gas flow pattern (e.g., the single stochastic gas channels). Contrary, applying a strong heterogeneity the continuum model can represent the channelized flow. This observation supports Stauffer’s statement that a so-called subscale continuum model with strong heterogeneity is able to describe the channelized flow behavior. On the other hand, we compare the theoretical integral gas volumes with our experiments and found that strong heterogeneity always yields too large gas volumes. At field-scale the 3D continuum model is used to design and optimize the direct gas injection technology. The field-scale study is based on the working hypotheses that the key parameters are the same as at bench-scale. Therefore, we assume that grain size and injection rate will determine whether coherent channelized flow or incoherent bubbly flow will develop at field-scale. The results of four different injection regimes were compared with the data of the corresponding field experiments. The main conclusion is that because of the buoyancy driven gas flow the vertical permeability has a crucial impact. Hence, the vertical and horizontal permeability should be implemented independently in numerical modeling by conditioned parameter fields.
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Book chapters on the topic "Gastransport"

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Cerbe, Günter, and Benno Lendt. "Gastransport – Gasverteilung." In Grundlagen der Gastechnik, 211–312. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446449664.005.

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Mischner, Jens. "Gastransport- und Gasverteilungssysteme." In Springer Reference Technik, 203–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-50355-3_88.

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Mischner, Jens. "Gastransport- und Gasverteilungssysteme." In Rohrleitungen, 1–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45027-3_88-1.

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Mischner, Jens. "Gastransport- und Gasverteilungssysteme." In Rohrleitungen, 1–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45027-3_88-3.

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Scheid, P. "Mechanismen des Gastransportes bei hochfrequenter Oszillationsbeatmung." In ZAK Zürich, 246–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69432-5_32.

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"Der Gastransport." In Kurzlehrbuch Biochemie, edited by Melanie Königshoff and Timo Brandenburger. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/b-0034-100655.

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"32.3 Lunge und Gastransport." In Physiologie, edited by Rainer Klinke, Hans-Christian Pape, and Stefan Silbernagl. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/b-0034-48748.

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"5 Das Hohlraum-System – Voraussetzung für den Gastransport." In Mikroskopisch-botanisches Praktikum, edited by Gerhard Wanner. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/b-0034-42362.

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"5 Das Hohlraum-System – Voraussetzung für den Gastransport." In Mikroskopisch-botanisches Praktikum, edited by Gerhard Wanner. Stuttgart: Enke Verlag, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/b-0037-147392.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gastransport"

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Jager, Eric, and Jeroen Zanting. "A Life Time Extension of a Natural Gas Transmission System." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0291.

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In order to ensure safe and reliable gas transmission, the natural gas infrastructure should be kept in an excellent shape to transport natural gas as successful in the next decades as in the decades behind. Extra challenges in this process are the liberalisation of the energy markets (reducing the amount of money available) and increasing legislation on safety (increasing the safety expectancy of society). The way Gastransport Services deals with these challenges is explained in this paper.
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Achterbosch, Giorgio G. J., and Gerard A. J. Stallenberg. "Investigating the Effectiveness of Techniques Used in Assessing the Integrity of Non-Piggable Pipelines." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0307.

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A substantial part of the high pressure gastransport network of Gastransport Services as part of N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie in the Netherlands is not piggable. It is therefore foreseen that an ECDA approach including coating survey techniques, CP measurements and bell hole excavations, will be implemented to establish the integrity of these non-piggable lines. In order to get a better understanding of the performance of some techniques for our specific situation, a test program was carried out on a pipeline of 33 kilometres with a diameter of 8” and bitumenous coating, constructed in the sixties. DCVG, Pearson and a combination of CIPS and Pearson (CIPP) were tested in combination with 3 MFL intelligent pigruns, current attenuation measurements by the Stray Current Mapper (SCM) and bell hole excavations. Initial results for the three coating survey techniques showed that the detection probabilities for a coating defect ranged from 18% to 68% under the assumption that no false calls were generated. Using results from repeat measurements and taking into account the possibility of false calls, the detection probabilities increased to potential maximum values of 48% to 94%. Better estimations of the values could be obtained after verification of some indications from CIPP, leading to maximum values in the range of 70% to 84% for the best two techniques. Additional measurements at pre-selected locations by means of pipe-to-soil-potentials and pin-current measurements did not indicate active corrosion. Verification excavations at 14 locations indicated that in all situations a coating defect existed and that mild general corrosion was present in eight situations due to the very aggressive soil (soil resistances of several Ωm’s were measured). Current attenuation measurements by the SCM suggested a uniform distribution of coating quality. The results from the three intelligent pigruns were of relatively little use because of the detection threshold of 15% wall thickness and the fact that the suppliers often did not agree on the interpretation of metal loss. Therefore the results could not be considered to be an absolute true reference for relating the coating defects to. Although the results of the program gave very valuable insight into the characteristics of the different techniques it is recognized that not all results can be translated to other circumstances/pipelines. Therefore additional tests and surveys will be carried out in the coming year(s) to further work out the ECDA procedure for the specific situation of the non-piggable pipelines of Gastransport Services.
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Hordijk, Ad Pijnacker, Jeroen Zanting, Rien Kornalijnslijper, and Robert Kuik. "The Risk Assessment Module PSL as an Obvious Part of an Integral Pipeline (Integrity) Management System." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0305.

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This paper will give an overview of the history of PiMS and the new developments within Gastransport Services regarding the implementation of an integral Pipeline (integrity) Management System and especially and also in more detail the implementation, testing and verifying of a Risk Assessment tool, as an obvious part of PiMS. The design of the pipeline network in the Netherlands was based on the ASME B31G guidelines, as a sound engineering practice. The construction started early 1960 in a very rapid tempo. The control and maintenance in those years was executed on a paper based system with steady state frequencies of measurements uniformly distributed all over the network. With the nowadays databases and computer systems all kind of analyses beyond the capacity of a pipeline engineer can be carried out. These analyses have been made possible by outstanding Research of different companies, Joint Industry Programs and international investigations executed by a variety of different well known groups. At that time however an integration of all the data and stand-alone models into one single (PiMS-)system with one or more linked databases and controlled by one process control system was not a major option due to a lack of IT-possibilities and management objectives. Due to very fast developments in IT, recent incidents in the industry all over the world, the change in management objectives to have a faster and a better control over the pipeline safety, reliability and associating costs a strong desire for a PiMS-process control system was born.
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