Journal articles: 'Gastric mucosal erosion'

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Hawkey, C. J., A. B. Hawthorne, N. Hudson, A. T. Cole, Y. R. Mahida, and T. K. Daneshmend. "Separation of the impairment of haemostasis by aspirin from mucosal injury in the human stomach." Clinical Science 81, s25 (October 1, 1991): 565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0810565.

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1. An increasing body of data suggests that the anti-haemostatic as well as the ulcerogenic actions of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be operative when patients present with haematemesis and melaena. 2. We therefore developed methods to allow separate evaluation of the erosive and anti-haemostatic actions of aspirin in the human gastric mucosa. Volunteer subjects took 300 mg of aspirin daily in the morning or 600 mg of aspirin four times a day for 5 days under blinded randomized conditions. Changes in spontaneous gastric microbleeding, endoscopic signs of injury, spontaneous bleeding per gastric erosion, biopsy-induced bleeding and eicosanoids were studied. 3. Both doses of aspirin significantly inhibited gastric mucosal synthesis of prostaglandin E2 and reduced the serum thromboxane concentration. Erosions developed and regressed rapidly; compared with baseline 300 mg of aspirin daily in the morning caused substantial numbers of gastric erosions to develop (mean 5.3, 95% confidence limits 2.7–10.2) but this was significantly less than that caused by 600 mg of aspirin four times a day (10.9, 7.2–16.5, P < 0.05). The presence of erosions was associated with enhanced spontaneous bleeding, but only during aspirin administration. 4. Aspirin significantly increased bleeding induced by mucosal biopsy and was associated with significant enhancements in the rate of bleeding per gastric erosion. Bleeding rate per erosion but not biopsy-induced bleeding showed a significant dose-related increase with 600 mg of aspirin four times a day. Enteric coating reduced endoscopic signs of injury, but did not affect the impaired haemostasis caused by aspirin. 5. We conclude that aspirin can be shown to have both erosive and anti-haemostatic effects in the human stomach. Each can be evaluated separately in our model system. Both are potential therapeutic targets for the prevention of major upper-gastrointestinal bleeding caused by aspirin and probably other non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs.

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Al-Yassir, Farah, Ghalia Khoder, Subi Sugathan, Prashanth Saseedharan, Asma Al Menhali, and Sherif M. Karam. "Modulation of Stem Cell Progeny by Probiotics during Regeneration of Gastric Mucosal Erosions." Biology 10, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10070596.

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Patients with gastric mucosal erosions are predisposed to chronic gastritis, ulcer or even cancer. The repair of mucosal erosions involves several events including proliferation of gastric epithelial stem cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the probiotic mixture of De Simone Formulation on gastric epithelial stem cell lineages in mouse models of gastric mucosal erosions. Gastric erosions were induced by a single oral gavage of 80% ethanol containing 15 mg/mL acetylsalicylic acid (5 mL/kg) following a daily dose of probiotic mixture (5 mg/day/mouse) for 10 days. In another protocol, erosions were induced by a daily gavage of acetylsalicylic acid (400 mg/kg/day/mouse) for 5 days before or after daily administration of probiotic mixture for 5 days. Control mice received water gavage for 10 days. All mice were injected with bromodeoxyuridine two hours before sacrifice to label S-phase cells. The stomachs of all mice were processed for histological examination, lectin binding, and immunohistochemical analysis. The results reveal that mice that received probiotics before or after the induction of erosion showed a decrease in erosion index with an increase in gastric epithelial stem/progenitor cell proliferation and enhanced production of mucus, trefoil factors, and ghrelin by mucous and enteroendocrine cell lineages. These mice also showed restoration of the amount of H+,K+-ATPase and pepsinogen involved in the production of the harsh acidic environment by parietal and chief cell lineages. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the beneficial effects of probiotics against gastric mucosal erosion and highlights the involvement and modulation of proliferative stem cells and their multiple glandular epithelial cell lineages.

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Shin, Heung Mook. "Anti-oxidative Herbs and Indomethacin-Induced Rat Gastric Mucosal Lesions: Protection by GamiHyangsa-Yukgunja." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 29, no. 01 (January 2001): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x01000113.

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This study investigates the protective effects of GamiHyangsa-Yukgunja (GHY, a popular herbal medicine formula) on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions and morphological change in rats. Subcutaneous injection of indomethacin (25 mg/kg) produced the following gastric morphological alterations; mucosa hermorrhagic infarct, mucosa cell necrosis, leukocyte infiltration, mucosa hemorrhagic erosion, and gastric pit disappearance. Tissue damages were accompanied by increased oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and decreases in superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities, and glutathione (GSH) concentrations. Our results show that pretreatment of the rats with orally administered GHY extract (3.3 ml/kg/day) significantly reduced gastric lesion formation and caused the amelioration of several pathological changes in the above-mentioned gastric mucosal lesions. Concomuitantly, GHY-pretreatment increased gastric mucosal SOD and CAT activities and GSH concentrations. We therefore propose that GHY exerts a prophylactic effect on the indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions by enhancing antioxidant defense systems.

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Gao, Feng, Xue Chen, and Jie Zhang. "Prevalence of Gastric and Small-Intestinal Mucosal Injury in Elderly Patients Taking Enteric-Coated Aspirin by Magnetically Controlled Capsule Endoscopy." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2019 (November 5, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1582590.

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Objective. To investigate aspirin-related gastric and small-intestinal mucosal injury in elderly patients by magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy (MCCE). Methods. Patients taking enteric-coated aspirin attending the outpatient department of Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, from September 2017 to July 2019 underwent MCCE to assess injury to the gastric and small-intestinal mucosa. The patients were divided into the elderly group (age≥60 years) and middle-aged group (45 years≤age<60 years), and their clinical data were evaluated. Results. Sixty-eight patients (34 per group) taking enteric-coated aspirin were recruited, and the elderly and middle-aged groups did not differ significantly in sex, history of smoking, history of alcohol consumption, body mass index, or accompanying diseases. In the elderly and middle-aged groups, the gastric Lanza scores were 2.0 (2.0, 3.0) and 2.0 (1.0, 3.0; P=0.192), the numbers of patients with small-intestinal mucosal injuries (at least one erosion and/or ulcer) were 30 (88.2%) and 15 (44.1%; P<0.001), the numbers of patients with more severe small-intestinal mucosal injuries (larger erosion and/or ulcer) were 11 (32.4%) and 3 (8.8%; P=0.033), the numbers of patients with ileal erosion were 22 (64.7%) and 8 (23.5%; P=0.001), and the durations of aspirin use were 30.0 (12.0, 120.0) and 10.5 (2.0–48.0) months (P=0.007), respectively. Conclusions. The rate of small-intestinal mucosal injury was significantly higher in elderly than in middle-aged patients taking enteric-coated aspirin, especially the rate of ileal erosion. MCCE enables the monitoring of aspirin-related gastric and small-intestinal mucosal injury in elderly patients, which can guide treatment decision making.

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Sacra, P., N. B. Roberts, and W. H. Taylor. "Production of Acute Gastric Erosions in the Cat by Individual Human Pepsins." Clinical Science 88, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0880047.

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1. Differing amounts of human pepsins 1, 3 (pepsin A) and 5 (pepsin C or gastriscin) in aqueous HCl/NaCl at pH 1.3 were placed in Perspex rings on the exposed luminal surface of the perfused cat stomach to test for mucolytic and erosive activity in vivo, with the acid medium in control rings. 2. After incubation at 37°C for 60 or 120 min, the test and control solutions were replaced by the same volume of each test or control solution containing 18 mg of aspirin and incubated for a further 120 min. 3. The number of bleeding points or erosions was counted at 15 min intervals. None was observed with human pepsins 1, 3 and 5 or with pig pepsin A or in the control rings. 4. With aspirin, erosions developed in all ringed areas. Their rate of development with time for pepsin 1 and pig pepsin did not differ from controls. Significantly more erosions developed with human pepsins 3 (5 mg per ring, P < 0.001) and 5 (0.32 mg per ring, P < 0.05). 5. Human pepsins 3 and 5, applied at pH 1.3 to the mucosal surface of the perfused cat stomach, therefore cause erosions when administered with aspirin, but do not produce erosions when given alone. In man, pepsins secreted in increased amount or concentration may therefore be unlikely to cause significant mucosal erosion unless human gastric mucosa is less resistant to pepsins than cat mucosa. Pepsins may perhaps facilitate the action of a second factor, such as aspirin, or infection with Helicobacter pylori.

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Hashimoto, Rintaro, Toru Okuzono, and Junichi Akahira. "An Uncommon Gastric Submucosal Tumor With Mucosal Erosion." Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 16, no. 5 (May 2018): e57-e58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2017.06.003.

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Yang, Jie, Yue Yuan, Shu Zhang, and Ying Lv. "Gastric metastasis from pancreatic cancer characterized by mucosal erosion: a case report and literature review." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 4 (April 2021): 030006052110037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605211003759.

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Pancreatic cancer with gastrointestinal tract metastasis is a fairly rare occurrence, and gastric metastasis in such cases has been seldom reported. We herein present a case of gastric involvement secondary to pancreatic cancer in a 74-year-old woman in whom the metastatic lesion only presented as mucosal erosion in the stomach. The patient had a 1-month history of progressive right upper quadrant pain before admission. Computed tomography and endoscopic examinations revealed a solid and hypo-enhancing mass in the head of the pancreas. The patient underwent conventional upper endoscopy before pancreatic biopsy, and mucosal erosion was observed in the gastric pylorus. We obtained gastric and pancreatic biopsies by gastroscopy and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration, respectively. Pathologically, the biopsies taken from the area of gastric erosion showed poorly differentiated invasive adenocarcinoma that was morphologically consistent with the pancreatic specimens. Moreover, the gastric section showed tumor thrombi within the vessels. Hence, the suspected diagnosis was unresectable pancreatic cancer with gastric metastasis. The patient immediately underwent two courses of chemotherapy, but her condition rapidly deteriorated and she died 2 months later.

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Joh, Takashi, Tadayuki Oshima, Nobuo Takahashi, Hiroshi Kaneko, Makoto Sasaki, Hiromi Kataoka, Katsushi Watanabe, et al. "Evaluation of early gastric mucosal permeability induced by central thyrotropin-releasing hormone administration." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 288, no. 2 (February 2005): G230—G234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00100.2004.

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Accumulating evidence suggests that central thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) administration induces gastric erosion 4 h after administration through the vagal nerves. However, early changes in the gastric mucosa during these 4 h have not been described. To assess early changes in the gastric mucosa after intracisternal injection of a stable TRH analog, pGlu-His-(3,3′-dimethyl)-ProNH2 (RX-77368), we measured the blood-to-lumen 51Cr-labeled EDTA clearance and examined the effects of vagotomy, atropine, omeprazole, and hydrochloric acid (HCl) on RX-77368-induced mucosal permeability. A cytoprotective dose of RX-77368 (1.5 ng) did not increase mucosal permeability. However, higher doses significantly increased mucosal permeability. Permeability peaked within 20 min and gradually returned to control levels in response to a 15-ng dose (submaximal dose). Increased mucosal permeability was not recovered after a 150-ng dose (ulcerogenic dose). This increase in permeability was inhibited by vagotomy or atropine. Intragastric perfusion with HCl did not change the RX-77368 (15 ng)-induced increase in permeability, but completely inhibited the recovery of permeability after the peak. Pretreatment with omeprazole did not change the RX-77368 (15 ng)-induced increase in permeability, but quickened the recovery of permeability after the peak. These data indicate that the RX-77368-induced increase in permeability is mediated via the vagal-cholinergic pathway and is not a secondary change in RX-77368-induced acid secretion. Inhibited recovery of permeability on exposure to an ulcerogenic RX-77368 dose or on exposure to HCl plus a submaximal dose of RX-77368 may be crucial for the induction of gastric mucosal lesions by central RX-77368 administration.

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GOMES, Alexandre, Thelma Larocca SKARE, Manoel Alberto PRESTES, Maiza da Silva COSTA, Roberta Dombroski Petisco, and Gabriela Piovezani RAMOS. "CONVENTIONAL VIDEOENDOSCOPY CAN IDENTIFY HELICOBACTER PYLORI GASTRITIS?" ABCD. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo) 29, no. 2 (June 2016): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-6720201600020002.

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ABSTRACT Background: Studies with latest technologies such as endoscopy with magnification and chromoendoscopy showed that various endoscopic aspects are clearly related to infection by Helicobacter pylori (HP). The description of different patterns of erythema in gastric body under magnification of images revived interest in identifying these patterns by standard endoscopy. Aim: To validate the morphologic features of gastric mucosa related to H. pylori infection gastritis allowing predictability of their diagnosis as well as proper targeting biopsies. Methods: Prospective study of 339 consecutive patients with the standard videoendoscope image analysis were obtained, recorded and stored in a program database. These images were studied with respect to the presence or absence of H. pylori, diagnosed by rapid urease test and/or by histological analysis. Were studied: a) normal mucosa appearance; b) mucosal nodularity; c) diffuse nonspecific erythema or redness (with or without edema of folds and exudate) of antrum and body; d) mosaic pattern with focal area of hyperemia; e) erythema in streaks or bands (red streak); f) elevated (raised) erosion; g) flat erosions; h) fundic gland polyps. The main exclusion criteria were the use of drugs, HP pre-treatment and other entities that could affect results. Results: Applying the exclusion criteria, were included 170 of the 339 patients, of which 52 (30.58%) were positive for HP and 118 negative. On the positive findings, the most associated with infection were: nodularity in the antrum (26.92%); presence of raised erosion (15.38%) and mosaic mucosa in the body (21.15%). On the negative group the normal appearance of the mucosa was 66.94%; erythema in streaks or bands in 9.32%; flat erosions 11.86%; and fundic gland polyps 11.86%. Conclusion: Endoscopic findings are useful in the predictability of the result and in directing biopsies. The most representative form of HP related gastritis was the nodularity of the antral mucosa. The raised erosion and mucosa in mosaic in the body are suggestive but not specific to the infection. The other forms were not conclusive of the presence of HP.

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Kim, Bomin, Beom Jin Kim, Hong Jip Yoon, Hyunsuk Lee, Jae Yong Park, Chang Hwan Choi, and Jae Gyu Kim. "Atypical Scar Patterns after Gastric Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection." Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research 21, no. 1 (March 10, 2021): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7704/kjhugr.2020.0047.

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Background/Aims: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for gastric neoplasms is a widely performed procedure. Local recurrence is rare, but various post-ESD scars are encountered during follow-up endoscopy. Therefore, we investigated atypical scar patterns and evaluated the associated factors.Materials and Methods: Clinicopathologic and endoscopic reviews of gastric neoplasms treated with ESD from January 2009 to December 2015 were conducted. Atypical scar patterns were classified as irregular erythema, nodularity, or mucosal defect.Results: A total of 264 patients with 274 gastric neoplasms, including 201 adenomas and 73 early gastric cancers, were enrolled. The key endoscopic findings at the resection scar were defined on the basis of gross morphology as follows: irregular erythema, mucosal defect (erosion or ulcer), and nodularity. An irregular erythema scar pattern was associated with male sex, a nodularity scar pattern with smoking, and a mucosal defect scar pattern with infra-angle location (angle and antrum) and cancer. An irregular erythema with nodularity scar pattern was also associated with male sex. An irregular erythema with nodularity and mucosal defect scar pattern was associated with liver disease and chronic kidney disease.Conclusions: The atypical scar patterns after gastric ESD are associated with various clinicopathologic factors.

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Lyra, Anna, Markku Saarinen, Heli Putaala, Kaisa Olli, Sampo J. Lahtinen, Arthur C. Ouwehand, Mari Madetoja, and Kirsti Tiihonen. "Bifidobacterium animalisssp.lactis420 Protects against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Permeability in Rats." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/615051.

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Gastrointestinal (GI) adverse effects such as erosion and increased permeability are common during the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Our objective was to assess whetherBifidobacterium animalisssp.lactis420 protects against NSAID-induced GI side effects in a rat model. A total of 120 male Wistar rats were allocated into groups designated as control, NSAID, and probiotic. The NSAID and probiotic groups were challenged with indomethacin (10 mg/kg−1; single dose). The probiotic group was also supplemented daily with 1010 CFU ofB. lactis420 for seven days prior to the indomethacin administration. The control group rats received no indomethacin or probiotic. The permeability of the rat intestine was analysed using carbohydrate probes and the visual damage of the rat stomach mucosa was graded according to severity.B. lactis420 significantly reduced the indomethacin-induced increase in stomach permeability. However, the protective effect on the visual mucosal damage was not significant. The incidence of severe NSAID-induced lesions was, nevertheless, reduced from 50% to 33% with the probiotic treatment. To conclude, theB. lactis420 supplementation protected the rats from an NSAID-induced increase in stomach permeability and may reduce the formation of more serious GI mucosal damage and/or enhance the recovery rate of the stomach mucosa.

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Kitagawa, Hisato, Kazuyoshi Kurahashi, and Motohatsu Fujiwara. "TXA2-like substance-induced gastric mucosal ischemia and mucosal erosion in water-immersion stress loaded rats." Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 40 (1986): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-5198(19)59413-6.

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Masuda, Shuichi, Hideki Masuda, Yuko Shimamura, Chitose Sugiyama, and Fumiyo Takabayashi. "Improvement Effects of Wasabi (Wasabia japonica) Leaves and Allyl Isothiocyanate on Stomach Lesions of Mongolian Gerbils Infected with Helicobacter pylori." Natural Product Communications 12, no. 4 (April 2017): 1934578X1701200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701200431.

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The relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer associated with stomach lesions has been reported. Improvement of the adverse effects induced by H. pylori is required for human health. It has been reported that wasabi ( Wasabia japonica Matsum) leaves have various effects on bacteria and mammals. In this study, the effect was examined of wasabi leaf extract and allyl isothiocyanate (AIT), which is a main functional component of wasabi, on stomach lesions in Mongolian gerbils infected with H. pylori. After the gerbils infected with H. pylori were orally administrated with wasabi leaf extract and AIT for two weeks, colony forming units (CFU) of H. pylori, the degree of gastric mucosal erosion, and petechial hemorrhage in the stomachs of the gerbils were evaluated. Wasabi leaf extract and AIT exhibited a decreasing tendency of CFU in the stomachs. The degree of gastric mucosal erosion and petechial hemorrhage were significantly decreased by the intake of wasabi leaf extract and AIT. Wasabi leaf extract and AIT did not affect body weight, dietary intake, water intake, and the pH of the stomach. From these results, wasabi leaves and AIT may provide a natural remedy for stomach lesions induced by H. pylori.

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Yamamoto, Shunsuke, Kenji Watabe, Hiroshi Araki, Yoshihiro Kamada, Motohiko Kato, Takashi Kizu, Shinichi Kiso, et al. "Protective role of adiponectin against ethanol-induced gastric injury in mice." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 302, no. 8 (April 15, 2012): G773—G780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00324.2011.

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Adiponectin is an anti-inflammatory molecule released from adipocytes, and serum adiponectin concentrations are reduced in obesity. We previously reported that gastric erosion occurs in association with obesity and low serum adiponectin levels. In the present study, we examined adiponectin-knockout (APN-KO) mice to elucidate the role of adiponectin in gastric mucosal injury. Gastric injury was induced by oral administration of ethanol in wild-type (WT) and APN-KO mice. Ethanol treatment induced severe gastric injury in APN-KO mice compared with WT mice. In APN-KO mice, increased apoptotic cells and decreased expression of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were detected in the injured stomach. We next assessed the effect of adiponectin on the cellular response to ethanol treatment and wound repair in rat gastric mucosal cells (RGM1). Adiponectin induced the expression of PGE2 and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in ethanol-treated RGM1 cells. RGM1 cells exhibited efficient wound repair accompanied by increased PGE2 expression in the presence of adiponectin. Coadministration of adiponectin with celecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor, inhibited efficient wound repair. These findings indicate that adiponectin has a protective role against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in mice. This effect may be partially mediated by the efficient wound repair of epithelial cells via increased PGE2 expression.

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He, Feng, Min Wang, Xiwen Geng, and Hongbin Ai. "Effect of Electroacupuncture on the Activity of Corticotrophin-Releasing Hormone Neurons in the Hypothalamus and Amygdala in Rats Exposed to Restraint Water-Immersion Stress." Acupuncture in Medicine 36, no. 6 (December 2018): 394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/acupmed-2017-011450.

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Objective To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) treatment on gastric mucosal lesions and the activity of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CNA) in a rat model of restraint water-immersion stress (RWIS). Methods 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal, RWIS, and RWIS+EA (n=8 per group). Rats in the RWIS group and RWIS+EA group received RWIS for 3 hours. For rats in the RWIS+EA group, EA was applied at ST36 in the bilateral hind legs for 30 min before RWIS. Rats in the normal group did not receive stressors or EA treatment. The gastric mucosal lesions of each rat were evaluated by the erosion index (EI) according to the methods of Guth. The activity of CRH neurons in the PVN and CNA was measured by a dual immunohistochemical test for Fos and CRH in the brain sections. Results RWIS induced serious gastric mucosal lesions. The mean gastric EI was significantly decreased in the RWIS+EA group versus the RWIS group (P=0.005). Stress induced significant activation of CRH neurons in the PVN and CNA compared with the normal group (P<0.001 for both). The mean number of Fos+CRH immunoreactive neurons in the PVN and CNA were both decreased inRWIS+EA versusRWIS groups (P<0.001 and P=0.001). Conclusions EA at ST36 can ameliorate RWIS-induced gastric mucosal lesions and suppress the Fos expression of CRH neurons in the PVN and CNA, suggesting a potentially therapeutic role for EA in stress-related gastric disorders.

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Boby, Naila, Muhammad Aleem Abbas, Eon-Bee Lee, Zi-Eum Im, Walter H. Hsu, and Seung-Chun Park. "Protective Effect of Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim. Extract against Ethanol-Induced Gastritis in Rats." Antioxidants 10, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10030439.

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Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim (Korean pear) has been used for hundreds of years as a traditional herbal medicine for asthma, cough, and atopic dermatitis in Korea and China. Although it was originally shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiatopic properties, its gastroprotective effects have not been investigated. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effects of Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim extract (PUE) against ethanol-induced gastritis in rats. The bioactive compound profile of PUE was determined by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The gastroprotection of PUE at different doses (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) prior to ethanol ingestion was evaluated using an in vivo gastritis rat model. Several endpoints were evaluated, including gastric mucosal lesions, cellular degeneration, intracellular damage, and immunohistochemical localization of leucocyte common antigen. The gastric mucosal injury and ulcer score were determined by evaluating the inflamed gastric mucosa and by histological examination. To identify the mechanisms of gastroprotection by PUE, antisecretory action and plasma prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), gastric mucosal cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and histamine levels were measured. PUE exhibited significant antioxidant effects with IC50 values of 56.18 and 22.49 µg/mL for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′- azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) inhibition (%), respectively. In addition, GC/MS and HPLC analyses revealed several bioactive compounds of PUE. Pretreatment with PUE significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the ulcer index by preventing gastric mucosal lesions, erosion, and cellular degeneration. An immunohistochemical analysis revealed that PUE markedly attenuated leucocyte infiltration in a dose-dependent manner. The enhancement of PGE2 levels and attenuation of cAMP levels along with the inhibition of histamine release following PUE pretreatment was associated with the cytoprotective and healing effects of PUE. In contrast, the downregulation of the H+/K+ ATPase pathway as well as muscarinic receptor (M3R) and histamine receptor (H2R) inhibition was also involved in the gastroprotective effects of PUE; however, the expression of cholecystokinin-2 receptors (CCK2R) was unchanged. Finally, no signs of toxicity were observed following PUE treatment. Based on our results, we conclude that PUE represents an effective therapeutic option to reduce the risk of gastritis and warrants further study.

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Vera, Mariano Ezequiel, María Laura Mariani, Cristina Aguilera, and Alicia Beatriz Penissi. "Effect of a Cytoprotective Dose of Dehydroleucodine, Xanthatin, and 3-Benzyloxymethyl-5H-furan-2-one on Gastric Mucosal Lesions Induced by Mast Cell Activation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (June 1, 2021): 5983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115983.

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The aim of this study was to determine whether the lactones dehydroleucodine, xanthatin and 3-benzyloxymethyl-5H-furan-2-one, would be effective in an animal model of gastric ulcer induced by mast cell activation. Rats were divided into ten groups. Treatments were repeated for four days. The degree of gastric erosion was assessed with a scoring system and histological preparations. Gastric mast cell morphology was analyzed by histological procedures. Serum serotonin levels were determined as markers of mast cell activation. Statistical analyses were done using ANOVA and Tukey–Kramer test. We demonstrated that the repeated administration of compound 48/80 results in extensive mucosal lesions in the gastric mucosa and that such lesions occurred in association with mast cell degranulation and a significant increase of serum serotonin. We showed that these lesions were prevented by dehydroleucodine, xanthatin, and 3-benzyloxymethyl-5H-furan-2-one and that this effect was similar to that obtained with sodium cromoglycate. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that the optimal gastric cytoprotective dose of dehydroleucodine, xanthatin, and 3-benzyloxymethyl-5H-furan-2-one is efficacious in an animal model of gastric ulcer induced by mast cell activation. Our findings suggest that these lactones could be valuable tools for designing novel therapeutic agents for digestive disorders associated with inappropriate mast cell activation.

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ISHIKAWA, HIDEKI, MASASHI YOSHIDA, GO WAKABAYASHI, MASAHIKO NAKAMURA, MOTOHIDE SHIMAZU, and MASAKI KITAJIMA. "Sialyl Lewis X analog attenuates gastric microcirculatory disturbance and gastric mucosal erosion induced by thermal injury in rats." Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 18, no. 1 (January 2003): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1746.2003.02908.x.

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Şehirli, Özer, Elif Tatlıdede, Meral Yüksel, Can Erzik, Sule Çetinel, Berrak Ç. Yeğen, and Göksel Şener. "Antioxidant Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Erosion in Rats." Pharmacology 81, no. 2 (November 19, 2007): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000111145.

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Hao, Zheng-Kui, Xi-Shuang Liu, and Xiu-Juan Wang. "Expression of epidermal growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor in gastric mucosal erosion." World Chinese Journal of Digestology 21, no. 4 (2013): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v21.i4.332.

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Akce, Mehmet, Sharon Bihlmeyer, and Andrew Catanzaro. "Multiple Gastric Metastases from Ovarian Carcinoma Diagnosed by Endoscopic Ultrasound with Fine Needle Aspiration." Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/610527.

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Metastasis to the stomach from nongastric tumors is a rare event. We present a case of ovarian cancer metastasis to the gastric wall that presented as multiple subepithelial gastric lesions. A 55-year-old female with known stage III b serous ovarian cancer was admitted to the hospital with melena and anemia. A 1.5 to 2 cm subepithelial mass with superficial overlying erosion in the antrum was seen in Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Initial endoscopic mucosal biopsies were normal. An Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) was performed, which revealed two subepithelial lesions with the typical appearance of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of both masses revealed papillary adenocarcinoma from an ovarian papillary serous adenocarcinoma. This is the first reported case of multiple gastric metastatic lesions from ovarian cancer diagnosed by EUS FNA.

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Kim, Su Jin, Cheol Woong Choi, and Dae Hwan Kang. "Endoscopic features of submucosal invasion in undifferentiated type early gastric cancer sized less than 2 cm without ulceration." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.4_suppl.76.

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76 Background: The prediction of invasion depth is important to decide the treatment modality for the undifferentiated type early gastric cancer (EGC) when size is less than 2 cm and had no ulceration. We aimed to identify the endoscopic features associated with submucosal invasion in the undifferentiated type EGC that meet the criteria of size and status of ulcer in the endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Methods: A total of 120 patients with undifferentiated type EGC who received ESD or operation from August 2008 to December 2017 were enrolled in this study. All lesions met the ESD criteria except the invasion depth. We retrospectively reviewed endoscopic features of tumor before the resection and depth of invasion after resection. Results: In 120 undifferentiated EGCs, the mucosal and submucosal cancer were 97 and 23 lesions, respectively, In univariable analysis, discolor change, upper third location, the presence of deep/wide erosion were associated with submucosal invasion. Multivariable analysis revealed that upper/middle third location (odds ratio [OR] 8.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-55.0; OR 7.9, 95% CI 1.8-35.1), erosion or polypoid (OR 41.8, 95% CI 4.1-427.9), and elevated type (OR 20.9, 95% CI 2.5-173.8) were significant risk factors. In 112 patients received gastrectomy with lymph nodes dissection, lymph node metastases were found in four cases (three mucosal cancer and one submucosal cancer). However, there was no lymph node metastasis in the lesions meeting the expanded ESD indication. Conclusions: The careful decision of treatment modality is needed for undifferentiated type EGC with erosion or elevated gross type located on the upper/middle third, although the tumor size and ulcer status meet the ESD indication.

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Hassan, Tareq M., Estrellita Ontiveros, Daniel Davis, and Steven G. Leeds. "Endoscopic Removal of Noneroded Nonadjustable Gastric Bands Using Induced Mucosal Erosion With a Stent, and Review of the Literature." Surgical Innovation 26, no. 2 (December 25, 2018): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1553350618820377.

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Background. Laparoscopic removal of noneroded nonadjustable gastric bands (NAGBs) may lead to major life-threatening complications. A minimally invasive approach involving endoscopic removal by induced mucosal erosion with a stent (IMES) has been used in a few publications to remove NAGBs. Objective. To examine a minimally invasive endoscopic approach to removal of a NAGB. Setting. A large tertiary/quaternary referral hospital. Methods. We report 4 patients that underwent IMES at our institution and present a literature review of published cases. The procedure includes using an endoscopically placed fully covered stent through the NAGB stricture to cause erosion of the mucosa where the stent is putting direct pressure. After a predetermined length of time, the stent is removed with the NAGB and without a laparoscopic or open procedure. Primary endpoint for our cohort was successful removal to the NAGB with IMES. Secondary endpoints included interval of time to retrieval of the stent, complications from IMES, presenting symptoms, and type of NAGB. These endpoints were then compared with previous publications indicating the use of IMES. Results. Three of 4 patients were female with a mean age of 64.5 years. All patients had the NAGB successfully removed with IMES. The mean time for NAGB and stent removal after insertion was 17.5 days. No major complications were noted. Two patients had post-IMES strictures and were managed by balloon dilation. Conclusion. Endoscopic removal of NAGBs is a safe and feasible procedure for NAGB removal and can be used in place of laparoscopic surgery.

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Patoulias, Ioannis, Christos Kaselas, Dimitrios Patoulias, Konstantinos Farmakis, Eleni Papacrivou, Maria Kalogirou, and Thomas Feidantsis. "Multiple Gastric Erosion Early after a 3 V Lithium Battery (CR2025) Ingestion in an 18-Month-Old Male Patient: Consideration about the Proper Time of Intervention." Case Reports in Pediatrics 2016 (2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3965393.

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Introduction. Button battery ingestion is considered an emergency situation in pediatric patients that needs to be managed promptly; otherwise, it may lead to serious and potentially lethal complications, especially when it is impacted in the esophagus. Less attention has been given in cases where the battery passes into the stomach, with guidelines for emergency intervention being based on the presence of symptoms. Case Report. We present a case of an 18-month-old male patient who presented to our emergency department after button battery ingestion. He did not have any symptoms and no pathological findings were encountered during clinical examination. X-ray investigation revealed the presence of the battery in the stomach. The patient was admitted for observation and two hours later he had two episodes of vomiting. He underwent urgent endoscopic removal of the battery where multiple acute gastric mucosal erosion in place of direct contact of the battery’s negative pole with the mucosa of the gastric antrum was found. Conclusion. In specific cases the urgent endoscopic intervention for removal of an ingested button battery that is located in the stomach even in asymptomatic patients should be suggested.

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Mugo, Nancy W., Christine Wangia, Gideon Kikuvi, and Samuel Ngugi. "Antiulcerogenic effect of Capparis cartillaginea decne on indomethacin induced gastric ulcer in wistar rats." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 10 (September 24, 2020): 3445. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20204213.

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Background: Peptic ulcer disease is a non-malignant, mucosal lesion of the stomach or duodenum. The mucosal defect reaches the muscularis mucosa and sometimes, beyond causing life threatening complications, including haemorrhage, perforations, gastrointestinal obstruction and malignancy.Methods: The animals were pre-treated with omeprazole 20 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg of Capparis cartillaginea decne orally for 14 days. On the 15th day, ulcers were induced using indomethacin 30 mg/kg and 4 hours post ulcer induction, they were sacrificed. Ulcer index, pH, total acidity and volume were determined.Results: Extensive lesions were seen in indomethacin ulcerated rats with mean ulcer score of (1.260±0.18). In comparison, there were minimal areas of erosion on animals pre-treated with omeprazole (0.14±0.025) and plant extracts (0.280±0.097). Indomethacin-induced ulcer treated animals showed the highest volume of gastric juice output (3.14±0.21 ml), whereas the animals pre-treated with omeprazole had lower gastric juice output (2.20±0.2 9ml). This was comparable to animals pre-treated with the plant extract (1.80±0.13 ml). The pH was high in animals pre-treated with omeprazole (5.02±0.53). This was also seen in animals pre-treated with the extract (4.82±0.31). This was in comparison to the low pH seen in indomethacin ulcerated animals (2.20±0.16). Indomethacin-induced ulcer treated animals showed high levels of total acidity (88.64±1.71 mEq/L). Whereas the animals pre-treated with omeprazole had lower total acidity (55.26±3.77 mEq/L), which was also mirrored in animals pre-treated with the plant extracts (61.44±2.42 mEq/L).Conclusions: The extracts of Capparis cartillaginea decne showed anti-ulcer effect on indomethacin induced ulcers in Wistar rats.

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Landeira-Fernandez, Jesus, and Carlos V. Grijalva. "Gastric mucosal erosion produced by NMDA microinfusions in the lateral hypothalamus: effect of selective knife cuts." Behavioural Brain Research 102, no. 1-2 (July 1999): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-4328(98)00161-2.

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Obaia, Reem, Yakout Elsenosi, Mohamed Mahfouz, and Samy Aziza. "Proanthocyanidin ameliorates against ethanol -induced gastric mucosal erosion by attenuating inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis in rats." Benha Veterinary Medical Journal 38, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bvmj.2020.22277.1151.

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László, F., I. Pávó, B. Penke, and G. A. Bálint. "The effects of somatostatin and some of its tetrapeptide fragments on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal erosion in rat." Life Sciences 41, no. 9 (August 1987): 1123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(87)90630-8.

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Lim, Huei-Wen, Benny Yiu Wong, David Elkowitz, and Keith Sultan. "An elderly patient’s complete response to steroid therapy for collagenous gastritis." Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease 9, no. 8 (March 19, 2018): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2040622318759628.

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An 85-year-old woman presented with 9.1 kg (20 lb) weight loss over 5 months and an acute onset crampy abdominal pain. Examination revealed a diffusely tender abdomen, with gastric wall thickening noted on CT scan. Upper endoscopy showed diffuse severe erythema and friability. Histologic examination with hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed collagenous gastritis characterized by active chronic inflammation with sub-epithelial collagen deposition and erosion. The patient was started on steroid therapy with rapid clinical improvement and tapered off over 2.5 months. At 6 months, the patient reported an improved appetite with resolution of her abdominal pain. Repeat endoscopy revealed a grossly normal stomach and normal mucosal biopsies. She remains without complaints 1 year later. Collagenous gastritis, rare in the elderly, is a histologic diagnosis characterized by the deposition of a sub-epithelial collagen band thicker than 10 µm with an inflammatory infiltrate. In all ages the mucosa typically appears nodular and erythematous, caused by an uneven inflammation in the surrounding depressed mucosa with atrophic changes. Specific therapy has not been well-established, and the prognosis and potential for endoscopic or histological resolution remains unclear. While anecdotal, the success of steroids may offer a reasonable starting point for treatment of similar cases.

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AbdullGaffar, Badr, and Hoda Quraishi. "Histopathologic Manifestations of Crohn Disease in Duodenal Endoscopy Biopsy: The Value of Different Patterns of Involvement of Brunner Glands." International Journal of Surgical Pathology 29, no. 7 (February 26, 2021): 710–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066896921998438.

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Crohn disease (CD) not uncommonly involves the upper gastrointestinal tract, usually gastric antrum and proximal duodenum. The most consistent histopathologic manifestations of CD in duodenal biopsies are mucosal erosion, focal active inflammation, and granulomas. Since CD is a transmural inflammation and since duodenal biopsy may include submucosal Brunner glands, we aimed to find if CD has any specific histopathologic manifestations in Brunner gland lobules and their ducts compared to other duodenal inflammatory lesions. We carried out a retrospective review study over 6 years retrieving duodenal biopsy specimens in CD patients. We compared duodenal specimens involved by CD with other inflammatory lesions, for example, ulcerative colitis (UC), Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis, non-Helicobacter gastritis, Celiac sprue, infections, and drugs. We found focal active duodenitis and erosion in CD cases and non-CD cases. Granulomas were found in CD cases. Five cases of CD showed inflammatory and degenerative changes of Brunner glands. Focal patchy active inflammation of only portion of submucosal Brunner gland lobule, mucosal Brunner glands, and their ducts was solely found in CD cases. This focally enhanced inflammation of Brunner glands was not found in other lesions. Whether this phenomenon of focal active “lobulitis” and “ductitis” is a specific sign of duodenal CD compared to UC and other inflammatory lesions warrants verification. We encourage endoscopists to include submucosal Brunner lobules in their duodenal biopsy samples and pathologists to look for these patterns of involvement particularly in patients suspected of CD.

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Duan, Lei, Man Li, Fan Wang, Yulun Cai, Huiying Li, Wenli Zhou, Yuerui Li, Qiang Chen, Jing Bai, and Hongbin Liu. "Increased Risk of Clopidogrel-Induced Gastric Mucosal Erosion in Elderly Chinese Men Harboring the ABCB1 3435T Allele." Risk Management and Healthcare Policy Volume 13 (August 2020): 1237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s263625.

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Espitia, Francisco Terrazas, David Molina Dávila, Alberto Manuel González Chávez, José Manuel Gómez López, and Louis Francois De Giau Triulzi. "Right hepatic artery injury: an unusual complication of penetrated duodenal ulcer disease." International Surgery Journal 4, no. 6 (May 24, 2017): 2063. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20172413.

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Peptic ulcers generally appear in the stomach and the first segment of the duodenum as a result of mucosal erosion caused by pepsin and gastric acid secretion, with up to 70% of these occurring amongst patients aged 25-64. Currently, endoscopic procedures combined with proton pump inhibitors are considered the gold standard for managing complicated peptic ulcers, leaving surgical management as an option for endoscopic management failure or in scenarios such as incoercible bleeding, perforation, penetration and intestinal occlusion. Penetration of a gastric ulcer to adjacent organs is a rare complication; penetration to the liver and endoscopic diagnosis is even rarer. We have presented the case of a 54 year old diabetic male, who presented to the emergency room with upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to a chronic duodenal ulcer, with haemodynamic instability, requiring surgical management, revealing penetration to the liver with rupture of the right hepatic artery. The patient successfully recovered after surgery and was discharged 7 days after surgical intervention. We did not find any similar case reports in the current literature

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Saroj, Jitendra Kumar, Arshad Ahmad, Pankaj Kumar, and Sandeep Verma. "Jejunal perforation secondary to trichobezoar (Rapunzel syndrome): a rare presentation." International Surgery Journal 6, no. 8 (July 25, 2019): 3002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20193360.

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Trichobezoar is a rare disorder. It usually occurs in young and adolescent females associated with some psychiatric illness. Trichobezoar usually accumulate in the GI tract and most commonly in stomach but it can migrate through the pylorus into the jejunum, ileum and colon. Once the bezoars extends from the stomach into the jejunum or further on, it is referred to as “Rapunzel syndrome”. Though initially asymptomatic but over a period of time it may cause gastric mucosal erosion, ulceration, and perforation of the stomach or the small intestine. If unrecognized, tichobezoar may present with intussusceptions, obstructive jaundice, protein-losing enteropathy, pancreatitis and even death. Small trichobezoar may be extracted by endoscopic fragmentation but bezoars like Rapunzel Syndrome, on the other hand, need open surgical removal. Counseling by a psychiatrist is an important part of management to prevent recurrence.

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Geraghty, J. G., W. J. Angerson, and D. C. Carter. "Erosive Gastritis and Portal Hypertension." HPB Surgery 6, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1992/34720.

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There is conflicting evidence concerning the effects of portal hypertension on the gastric mucosa. This paper summarises the histological and haemodynamic alterations which are present in both human and experimental portal hypertension. Despite the fact that histological studies suggests that the gastric mucosa is an oedematous plethoric structure in portal hypertension, haemodynamic studies show that gastric mucosal blood glow is at least maintained if not increased in portal hypertension. The term “active” rather than “passive” congestion is a more appropriate description of the basic change present in the gastric mucosa in portal hypertension.

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Rai, Uddipak, Ashok Kumar Pattnaik, and Sanjay Singh. "ANTIULCER ACTIVITY OF THE MOST ACTIVE SUB-FRACTION OF METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF BUCHANANIA LANZAN SPRENG." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2016): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2016.v8i9.12074.

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Objective: To evaluate the antiulcer activity of the most active sub-fraction of Buchanania lanzan Spreng. leaves methanolic extract (BLE).Methods: The antioxidant activity of BLE fractions and sub-fractions has been assayed to determine the most active sub-fraction by using in vitro antioxidant methods like hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, total flavonoid and total phenolic content estimation. Then, the antiulcerogenic activity of most active sub-fraction of BLE (50 and 100 mg/kg, b.w., orally) was evaluated employing aspirin+pylorus ligation-induced (APL) and HCl/ethanol-induced (HE) gastric ulcer models in rats, and histopathological examination of stomach tissues of rats.Results: The most active sub-fraction of BLE exerted a significant (P<0.01) dose-dependent decrease in the ulcerative lesion index produced by APL and HE ulcer models in rats as compared to the standard drugs omeprazole (30 mg/kg, b.w. orally) and ranitidine (32 mg/kg, b.w. orally) respectively. The reduction in gastric fluid volume, total acidity and an increase in the pH of the gastric fluid in APL treated rats proved the antisecretory activity of most active subfraction of BLE. From histopathological examination, it was found that in tissues of both the models that received pretreatment with most activesub-fraction showed better protection of the gastric mucosa in a dose-dependent manner as indicated by reduction or absence of mucosal erosion and infiltration of leucocytes.Conclusion: These results suggest that leaves of Buchanania lanzan Spreng. possess potential antiulcer activity, which may be attributed to its antioxidant mechanism of action.

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Ahluwalia, Amrita, Michael K. Jones, Xiaoming Deng, Zsusanna Sandor, Sandor Szabo, and Andrzej S. Tarnawski. "An imbalance between VEGF and endostatin underlies impaired angiogenesis in gastric mucosa of aging rats." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 305, no. 4 (August 15, 2013): G325—G332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00127.2013.

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Gastric mucosa of aging individuals exhibits increased susceptibility to injury and delayed healing. Our previous studies in young rats showed that healing of mucosal injury depends on and is critically dependent on VEGF and angiogenesis. Since angiogenesis in aging gastric mucosa has not been examined before, in this study we examined the extent to which angiogenesis is impaired in gastric mucosa of aging vs. young rats and determined the underlying mechanisms with a focus on mucosal expression of VEGF (proangiogenic factor) and endostatin (antiangiogenic factor). Aging rats had significantly impaired gastric angiogenesis by ∼12-fold, 5-fold, 4-fold, and 3-fold, respectively (vs. young rats; all P < 0.001) at 24, 48, 72, and 120 h following ethanol-induced gastric injury and reduced and delayed healing of mucosal erosions. In gastric mucosa of aging (vs. young) rats at baseline, VEGF expression was significantly reduced, whereas endostatin levels were significantly increased ( P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). In contrast to young rats, gastric mucosal VEGF levels did not increase following ethanol-induced injury in aging rats. MMP-9 enzyme activity was significantly higher in gastric mucosa of aging vs. young rats both at baseline (2.7-fold) and 24 h (3.8-fold) after ethanol injury (both P < 0.001). Since endostatin is generated from collagen XVIII by MMP-9, this finding can explain the mechanism of increased endostatin expression in aging gastric mucosa. The above findings demonstrate that reduced VEGF and increased endostatin result in the impaired angiogenesis and delayed injury healing in gastric mucosa of aging rats.

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Wang, J. Y., and L. R. Johnson. "Role of transglutaminase and protein cross-linking in the repair of mucosal stress erosions." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 262, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): G818—G825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1992.262.5.g818.

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We have recently demonstrated that polyamines are absolutely required for gastric and duodenal mucosal repair after stress. Polyamines act as substrates for transglutaminase and facilitate protein cross-linking. The current study tests whether transglutaminase and protein cross-linking are involved in the mechanism of mucosal healing. Rats were fasted 22 h, placed in restraint cages, and immersed in water to the xiphoid process for 6 h. Animals were killed immediately or 4, 12, or 24 h after stress. Gastric and duodenal mucosa were examined histologically and grossly, and transglutaminase activity was measured. Transglutaminase activity in gastric and duodenal mucosa was increased significantly from 0 to 8 h, peaking 4 h after the 6-h stress period. By 12 h, enzyme activity in duodenal mucosa had returned to control values while gastric mucosal transglutaminase did not decrease to control values until 24 h. Mucosal recovery from lesions produced by stress was evident 12 h after stress and was almost complete by 24 h. Dansylcadaverine (100 mg/kg, orally), a specific inhibitor of protein cross-linking, not only prevented the increases in transglutaminase but significantly decreased healing in both tissues. Oral administration of the polyamine spermidine (100 mg/kg) immediately after stress totally prevented inhibition of repair caused by blocking ornithine decarboxylase with difluoromethylornithine (DFMO, 500 mg/kg). Administration of dansylcadaverine, together with spermidine, significantly prevented the beneficial effect of spermidine on mucosal healing in the DFMO-treated animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Banan, A., J. Y. Wang, S. A. McCormack, and L. R. Johnson. "Relationship between polyamines, actin distribution, and gastric healing in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 271, no. 5 (November 1, 1996): G893—G903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1996.271.5.g893.

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ntragastric administration of 3.4 M NaCl damages the gastric mucosa and increases the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine synthesis. Polyamines are essential for the repair of gastric erosions. Little is known about the restitution of damaged mucosa except that cell migration is essential. Actin is the principal cytoskeletal protein and is essential for migration. This investigation determines the relationship between polyamines, actin, and gastric healing. Rats were fasted for 22 h and given 1.0 ml of 3.4 M NaCl intragastrically and killed 1, 2, 4, 8, and 10 h later. The mucosa was assayed for ODC activity and stained for G- and F-actin. F-actin was concentrated below the damaged mucosa at 1.5, 2, and 4 h. There was no increase in F-actin distribution at any time point, when NaCl-treated animals were given alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a specific inhibitor of ODC. In addition, DFMO significantly prevented the healing of the mucosal lesions. Spermidine treatment after DFMO + NaCl significantly prevented the effects of DFMO. Cytochalasin D, a potent actin-disrupting drug, significantly delayed normal gastric mucosal healing. The endogenous polyamines increased significantly in NaCl animals. Data indicate that increases in polyamine synthesis after damage influence the distribution of F-actin in vivo, which may play a part in the healing of mucosal erosions.

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Jolaiya, Tolulope Funbi, Muinah Adenike Fowora, Charles Onyekwere, Rose Ugiagbe, Ifeanyi Ifeoma Agbo, Olufunmilayo Lesi, Dennis Amojuayi Ndububa, et al. "Duodenal ulcer promoting gene (DupA), plasticity region genes and sigma factors in H. pyloristrains from Nigeria." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 14, no. 02 (February 29, 2020): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.11746.

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Introduction: Helicobacter pylori is a principal cause of gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and contribution of duodenal ulcer promoting gene A (dupA), the plasticity region genes and sigma factors in relation to their pathological expression of H. pylori infections in the Nigerian population. Methodology: Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to analyze a total of forty-nine H. pylori strains isolated from patients attending various endoscopic units in tertiary hospitals in Nigeria for complete dupA (G27 variant), jhp0917, jhp0918, other plasticity region genes jhp 914/917, jhp0914, jhp0940 and sigma factors. Results: PCR results indicated that the prevalence of complete dupA (G27 variants), jhp0917, jhp0918 and other plasticity region genes jhp0914, jhp0914/0917 and jhp0940 in the H. pylori strains were 4%, 53%, 88%, 73%, 12% and 0% respectively. The prevalence values of the sigma factors were 96%, 92%, 80% for rpoN, fliA and rpoD respectively. However, the endoscopic findings showed that erosion, normal mucosal, ulcer, hyperaemic stomach, mucosal atrophy and oedematous stomach in the patients where the H. pylori strains were isolated were 40.8%, 32.7%, 10.2%, 8.2%, 2.0% and 6.1% respectively. There was significant association between jhp0917, jhp914/917 and G27 variant and the endoscopic findings, while other plasticity genes showed no association with the endoscopic findings. Conclusion: These results suggest that the presence of jhp0917, jhp0914/917 and G27 variant could be used as marker to predict the pathological effect of severity in Nigeria patients with H. pylori infection.

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Banan, Ali, Shirley A. McCormack, and Leonard R. Johnson. "Polyamines are required for microtubule formation during gastric mucosal healing." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 274, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): G879—G885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1998.274.5.g879.

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Polyamines are essential for the repair of gastric and duodenal erosions. Concentrated NaCl (3.4 M) given intragastrically damages the oxyntic gland mucosa and increases the activity of gastric mucosal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the first rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine synthesis. The nature of the process of restitution of damaged mucosa is not well known, except that cell migration and the actin cytoskeleton play a prominent role. Microtubules are cytoskeletal components essential for cell migration. The present investigation determines the relationship between polyamines, the distribution of microtubules, and gastric healing in mucosa damaged with hypertonic NaCl solution. Rats were fasted for 22 h and then given 1.0 ml of 3.4 M NaCl intragastrically. Animals were killed 1, 2, 4, 8, and 10 h after 3.4 M NaCl. The oxyntic gland mucosa was removed, and tubulin was visualized by immunofluorescence. Microtubule density was increased around and below the damaged mucosa in the upper one-third of the glandular epithelium at 2 and 4 h and returned to near control levels by 10 h. In rats damaged with 3.4 M NaCl and pretreated intraperitoneally with α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a specific inhibitor of ODC, microtubule content was reduced significantly at all time points after NaCl treatment. Addition of spermidine after pretreatment with DFMO and 3.4 M NaCl significantly prevented the effects of DFMO. Colchicine, a potent microtubule-disrupting drug, significantly delayed normal gastric mucosal healing with no effect on ODC activity. These data show that polyamines influence the distribution of microtubules during damage in vivo and indicate a partial mechanism for the dependency of mucosal healing on polyamines.

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Kurose, Iwao, Soichiro Miura, Dai Fukumura, Masayuki Suzuki, Hiroshi Nagata, Eiichi Sekizuka, Tetsuo Morishita, and Masaharu Tsuchiya. "Attenuating Effect of Antithrombin III on the Fibrinolytic Activation and Microvascular Derangement in Rat Gastric Mucosa." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 71, no. 01 (1994): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642394.

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SummaryThe roles for the fibrinolytic activation and disorder of coagulation in formation of gastric ulcer induced by microvascular derangement were investigated. The rat stomach was exposed and repeated electrical stimuli (RES) were applied on the small arterial wall close to the lesser curvature to induce mucosal microcirculatory disturbances. The level of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), a key enzyme for fibrinolytic activity, in the regional blood of the stomach was significantly elevated immediately after RES. At 5 min after RES, the leakage of FITC-labeled albumin and thrombus formation in the mucosal microvasculature were visually demonstrated by using an intravital microscopic system. At 30 min, hemorrhagic erosions and linear ulcers were observed in the gastric mucosa. Pretreatment with human anti-thrombin-III (AT-III) in the range of 0.1–10 U/kg dose-dependently attenuated both the fibrinolytic activation and microvascular alteration promoted by RES. Human AT-III also prevented RES-induced gastric mucosal injury. Thrombin inhibitory activity in the gastric vein decreased (69.0 ± 2.1%) just after RES, and further reduced at 30 min (47.7 ± 5.3%). The present study suggests a hypothesis that human AT-III has a preventive effect on the gastric mucosal hemorrhagic changes via attenuating the fibrinolytic activation and subsequent microcirculatory disturbances.

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Kim, S. H. "Gastric mucosal erosions -radiologic evaluation-." Journal of the Korean Radiological Society 21, no. 6 (1985): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3348/jkrs.1985.21.6.985.

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Garrick, T., C. V. Grijalva, and M. Trauner. "Lateral hypothalamic lesions cause gastric injury by stimulating gastric contractility." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 265, no. 1 (July 1, 1993): G138—G142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1993.265.1.g138.

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Changes in gastric contractility following lateral hypothalamic (LH) lesions with and without bilateral cervical vagotomy were measured in urethan-anesthetized rats. LH lesions were induced with direct current passed through stereotaxically placed electrodes. Gastric contractility was recorded continuously for 4 h with acutely implanted strain gauge force transducers and analyzed by computer. LH lesions consistently stimulated gastric contractility and caused more gastric mucosal injury than control conditions. Vagotomy blocked both gastric mucosal injury and high-amplitude gastric contractions. In rats with LH lesions and exogenously infused intragastric hydrochloric acid, atropine methyl nitrate inhibited high-amplitude gastric contractions and gastric erosions. These findings indicate that LH lesions stimulate vagally mediated high-amplitude gastric contractions, which, in the presence of hydrochloric acid, cause gastric mucosal erosions.

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Tepperman, B. L., J. M. Besco, J. A. Kiernan, and B. D. Soper. "Relationship between myeloperoxidase activity and the ontogenic response of rat gastric mucosa to ethanol." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 69, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 1882–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y91-278.

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We have examined the gastric luminal content of Na+, K+, and protein and mucosal levels of myeloperoxidase in rats between the ages of 10 and 60 days in response to luminal instillation of ethanol (20 and 50% w/v). In control animals the appearances of ions and protein and myeloperoxidase activities were low and similar in all age groups. Luminal content of cations and protein increased in response to both 20 and 50% ethanol and were greater in animals older than 20 days when compared with younger rats. However, ethanol treatment resulted in a significant degree of mucosal cellular disruption and erosions in both young and mature rats. Myeloperoxidase activities in response to ethanol were not greater than control until animals were older than 20 days. Treatment of rats aged 10–60 days with intraperitoneal glycogen (1%) resulted in peritoneal granulocyte infiltration. The concentration of peritoneal cells increased as animals aged. With the exception of day 15, the myeloperoxidase content of the peritoneal leukocytes did not vary significantly at other ages examined. These data suggest that (1) mucosal efflux of Na+, K+, and protein in response to luminal ethanol increase as rats age from 10 to 60 days; (2) the ontogenic development of ethanol-induced cation and protein appearance parallel the increase in myeloperoxidase activity in the gastric mucosa; and (3) the increase in mucosal myeloperoxidase activity in response to ethanol likely reflects increased granulocyte infiltration as rats age.Key words: gastric mucosa, neonate, myeloperoxidase, leukocyte, ethanol.

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Eaton, K. A., M. J. Radin, L. Kramer, R. Wack, R. Sherding, S. Krakowka, J. G. Fox, and D. R. Morgan. "Epizootic Gastritis Associated with Gastric Spiral Bacilli in Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)." Veterinary Pathology 30, no. 1 (January 1993): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589303000107.

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An outbreak of vomiting in a group of captive cheetahs ( Acinonyx jubatus) was investigated, and histologic examination revealed chronic gastritis characterized by infiltration of lymphocytes and numerous plasma cells and epithelial erosions. Lymphoid follicles, globule leukocytes, scattered neutrophils, and (in one animal) abscessed gastric glands were inconsistent findings. In addition, necropsy of three cheetahs revealed gastric mucosal hyperplasia. Two kinds of bacteria were identified in the stomachs of infected cheetahs. Numerous long, tightly coiled motile Gastrospirillum-like organisms were seen in gastric mucus and in Warthin-Starry-stained sections of mucosa. These bacteria could not be cultured but were transmitted to conventional mice in homogenates of gastric mucosa from infected cheetahs. Ultrastructural examination revealed helical filaments on some of these bacteria. In addition, a smaller Helicobacter sp. was isolated. This organism could be cultured in vitro under microaerophilic conditions. One or both of these bacterial species was probably responsible for the gastritis in these cheetahs.

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Moroz, E. V., A. Y. Karateev, E. V. Kryukov, A. A. Sokolov, and E. N. Artemkin. "Comparison of the Endoscopic Picture in Case of Complications of the upper Gastrointestinal Tract Caused by the Use of Antithrombotic Agents and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs." Acta Biomedica Scientifica 4, no. 5 (November 14, 2019): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29413/abs.2019-4.5.3.

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Intaking antithrombotic funds (ATA) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is one of the most frequent causes of pathology in gastrointestinal (GI) tract.The purpose of the study: comparison of pathological changes of the mucous membrane in the upper GI tract, that occur against the background of ATA and NSAIDs admission.Material and methods. Endoscopic data of two groups of patients taking ATA and NSAIDS have been compared. The first group of 448 patients from the 10th Gastrointestinal Department in N.N. Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital was on record from 2013 to 2017. The patients had erosive ulcerous changes of gastrointestinal mucosa, occurred against the background of the ATA admission. The second group comprised 6431 patients with rheumatic diseases. They were hospitalized in the clinic of V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology in the period from 2007 to 2016 and took NSAIDs regularly.Results. Duodenal and gastric ulcer changes in gastric mucosa and duodenal ulcers were identified in 168 (37.5 %) patients taking ATA and in 1691 (26.3 %) patient treated with NSAIDS. Structure of pathology varied. So, against the background of ATA and NSAIDS admission, the number of acute gastric ulceration amounted to 6.5 % and 15.5 % (p < 0.001); acute ulcers duodenal was 2.9 % and 4.9 %; combined ulcerative lesions of gastric and duodenal was 2.9 % and 2.0 %; multiple erosions of gastroduodenal mucosa were 52.4 % and 15.7 % (p < 0.001); single erosion was 35. 1% and 61.6 %. The factor of ulcer history and age ≥ 65 years old increased significantly the risk of duodenal and gastric ulcer changes in patients taking ATA and NSAIDs: OR 5.182 (95% CI 2.701–9.942) and 3.24 (95% CI 2.19–5.34), 4.537 (95% CI 2.036–10.11) and 2.016 (95% CI 1.230–2.917) respectively. Intaking of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) reduced significantly the risk of complications for both ATA and NSAIDs: OR 0.329 (95% CI 0.199–0.546) and 0.317 (95% CI 0.210–0.428) respectively.Conclusion. The structure of pathology of mucous in the upper gastrointestinal tract that arose against the backdrop of ATA and NSAIDs admission is different. The first is characterized by a multiple erosion, while the second one has single acute distal gastric ulcers. The ulcerative history and advanced age of patients increase significantly the risk of complications concerning the gastroduodenal mucosa when using ATA and NSAIDs. PPI is the effective means of preventing this pathology.

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Afanasenkova, T. E., E. D. Golovanova, and E. E. Dubskaya. "Chronic Helicobacter pylori induced gastritis with erosive lesions of the gastric mucosa in the elderly." Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology 1, no. 10 (March 2, 2020): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-170-10-33-38.

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Аim. To study the clinical course of chronic gastritis with erosions in the elderly, depending on the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the gastric mucosa.Materials and methods. 75 patients (50 women and 25 men) aged 60 to 82 years with chronic erosive gastritis were examined. Тhey complained of pain in the epigastric region, pain of other localization, heaviness in the epigastric region, nausea, heartburn, constipation, having comorbidities. Patients were divided into 4 groups depending on the degree of contamination of the gastric mucosa with Helicobacter pylori: 1 group consisted of 20 people, which on the background of erosive lesions of the coolant, HP was not detected; in group 2 (25 man), it was observed a light contamination with coolant; in group 3 (20 patients) and in group 4 (10 patients) — high — were detected in more than 50 microbial cells in field of view.Result. The clinical picture of chronic erosive gastritis varies depending on the degree of contamination of the gastric mucosa Helicobacter pylori.Conclusion. This microorganism aggravates the course of the disease. The course of chronic erosive gastritis is influenced by concomitant pathology.

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Chaudhary, Shatdal, Altaban Rahi, Anita Shah, Aakash Shahi, Badri Kumar Gupta, and Niraj Kumar Jaiswal. "Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Patients with Portal Hypertension." Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences 6, no. 2 (December 3, 2018): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v6i2.22470.

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Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a microaerophile gram-negative bacillus which is found mainly on the surface of mucous membrane of the prepyloric part of the stomach. It is found to be infecting approximately 50% of world population. In patients with liver cirrhosis, the prevalence of H. pylori is variable. A high incidence of H. pylori colonization has been found in portal hypertension; especially in those with gastric erosion. This study was done to find out the prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with portal hypertension at Universal College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Nepal. Materials and methods: It was a hospital based cross sectional observational study. All the consecutive patients aged more than 16 years, presented with portal hypertension who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The study period was from 1st September 2015 to 31st August 2016. The upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was done in all cases and mucosal biopsy was taken. H. pylori infection was diagnosed by using rapid urease test. Results: During the study period, 71 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The majority of the patients 21 (29.6%) were between 51-60 years age group. There were more male (78.9%) then female (21.1%). The mean age of study population was 50.85 ± 12.47 years. Among the study population, rapid urease test was positive in 70.4% (n=50) patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of H. pylori infection was seen in 70.4% of the patients suffering with portal hypertension.

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Hierlihy, Lynn E., John L. Wallace, and Alastair V. Ferguson. "Role of gastric acid secretion and blood flow in the development of vagal stimulation induced gastric mucosal damage." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 71, no. 10-11 (October 1, 1993): 829–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y93-124.

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Vagal stimulation has been shown to result in the development of gastric mucosal erosions in the rat, although the mechanisms underlying the development of such erosions are not known. The effects of vagal stimulation on gastric acid secretion and mucosal blood flow were examined in urethane-anesthetized male Sprague–Dawley rats to determine whether changes in these factors correlate with the mucosal damage in response to vagal stimulation. Electrical stimulation (5 Hz, 5 V, 1 ms for 60 min) of afferent or efferent components of the vagi was not found to induce any significant increase in the mean acid secretory rate compared with control animals (p > 0.05). In contrast, stimulation of intact vagus nerves induced a significant increase in the mean acid secretory rate compared with control and efferent- and afferent-stimulated groups (p < 0.01). Measurement of gastric blood flow with laser-Doppler flowmetry demonstrated intact vagal stimulation to have no significant effect on gastric blood flow. These data suggest that such vagal stimulation induced increases in acid secretion in urethane-anesthetized animals may represent a part of the integrated physiological response to such stimulation which leads to the development of gastric mucosal erosions within 60 min. Pretreatment with antisecretory agents such as cimetidine and inter-leukin-1β significantly reduce the gastric mucosal injury compared with untreated animals (p < 0.05), emphasizing the important role of acid secretion in the development of vagal-induced gastric damage.Key words: vagus, acid secretion, blood flow, gastric.

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Wada, Kouichirou, Yoshinori Kamisaki, Tsuyoshi Ohkura, Gaku Kanda, Kentaro Nakamoto, Yosuke Kishimoto, Kumiyo Ashida, and Tadao Itoh. "Direct measurement of nitric oxide release in gastric mucosa during ischemia-reperfusion in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 274, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): G465—G471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1998.274.3.g465.

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Nitric oxide (NO) generation in the rat gastric mucosa during ischemia-reperfusion was measured using an NO-sensitive electrode. Under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia, an electrode was inserted into the submucosa from the serous membrane side in the fundus. After steady-state baseline recording, the celiac artery was clamped for 30 min, and then ischemia-reperfusion was achieved by removing the clamp. The clamping of the celiac artery caused a decrease in blood flow and an increase in NO level in the gastric tissue. Just after the removal of the clamp, the NO level rapidly fell and returned to the baseline level. Administration of N G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (an NO synthase inhibitor, 30 mg/kg ip) before ischemia significantly attenuated both the increase in NO level during ischemia and the formation of acute gastric mucosal lesions observed after 60 min reperfusion. Administration of superoxide dismutase (a superoxide radical scavenger, 10,000 U/kg iv) at the end of ischemia inhibited both the rapid decrease in NO level during the reperfusion and the gastric mucosal erosions. Because NO and superoxide radical produce a highly reactive peroxynitrite, it can be argued that NO has an important pathological role in acute gastric mucosal injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion. Our conclusion was strongly supported by immunohistochemical staining of nitrotyrosine residues, an indication of peroxynitrite formation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Gastric mucosal erosion'

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