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Journal articles on the topic 'Gastric simulated fluid'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Mavropoulos, Elena, Maria Helena Rocha-Leão, Nilce C. C. da Rocha, Marcelo H. Prado da Silva, and Alexandre Malta Rossi. "Hydroxyapatite-alginate composite for lead removal in artificial gastric fluid." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 12 (2007): 3371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0419.

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Millimetric spherical beads of a biocompatible composite were produced from sodium alginate, a natural polysaccharide, and nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HA). It was shown that the composite was effective in the removal of lead ions and lead phosphate nanoparticles from high-contaminated simulated gastric fluid. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses performed on HA–alginate beads after the Pb2+ uptake showed that nanocrystals of a lead phosphate, [Pb10–xCax(PO4)6Cl2], were precipitated on the bead surface. The cross-linked polymer chain had a double role: (i)

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2

Regmi, Shobha, Balmukunda Regmi, Sajan Lal Shyaula, Shiva Pathak, Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai, and Saroj Kumar Sah. "In Vitro Study of Adsorption Kinetics of Dextromethorphan Syrup onto Activated Charcoal in Simulated Gastric and Intestinal Fluids." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9290454.

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Adsorption kinetics of dextromethorphan (DXM) syrup in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids onto activated charcoal (AC) were investigated in an in vitro model. The adsorption studies were performed as a function of time, initial concentration, and temperature. The quantification of DXM adsorbed onto AC was obtained from the Langmuir adsorption isotherms using HPLC. The maximum adsorption capacities (at 95% confidence limits) of AC for DXM were 111.615 [106.38; 126.85] mg in simulated intestinal environment (pH 6.8) and 78.314 [86.206; 70.422] mg in simulated gastric environment (pH 1.2). T

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Sullivan, Sandra E., Darlene A. Calhoun, Akhil Maheshwari, et al. "Tolerance of Simulated Amniotic Fluid in Premature Neonates." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 36, no. 10 (2002): 1518–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1a439.

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the tolerance of simulated amniotic fluid enterally administered in premature neonates. DESIGN: A multicentered, Phase I, dose-escalation trial was accomplished among 30 preterm neonates. Groups of 10 patients received 5, 10, or 20 mL/kg/d enterally of the amniotic fluid solution, divided into every-3-hour dosing, for 3 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Amount and character of emesis, stools, and gastric residuals; changes in abdominal girth; presence of a skin rash; blood pressure instability; the diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or intestinal perforation. RESULTS:

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4

Herman, Rod A., Valerie A. Korjagin, and Barry W. Schafer. "Quantitative measurement of protein digestion in simulated gastric fluid." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 41, no. 3 (2005): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2004.12.004.

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5

Pound, Bruce G. "The electrochemical behavior of nitinol in simulated gastric fluid." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials 105, no. 8 (2016): 2394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.33779.

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6

Viviane Annisa, Teuku Nanda Saifullah Sulaiman, and Agung Endro Nugroho. "Biorelevant dissolution models to assess precipitation of weak base drug." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (2020): 2165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4438.

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The impact of precipitation can affect the amount of drug absorbed, thereby affecting the amount of drug in the systemic body. The precipitation process is preceded by a supersaturation phase, caused by decreased drug solubility in the gastrointestinal tract. This precipitation occurs for weak base drugs with low solubility. When the drug entering the small intestine, the solubility of weak base drugs decrease, then occurs supersaturation, which leads to precipitation, so that drug precipitation is one of a challenge for the pharmaceutical industry in drug development. Precipitation testing of

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7

FORMATO, GIOVANNI, IFIGENIA GEORNARAS, IOANNA M. BARMPALIA, et al. "Effect of Acid Adaptation on Growth during Storage at 10°C and Resistance to Simulated Gastric Fluid of Listeria monocytogenes Inoculated onto Bologna Formulated with or without Antimicrobials." Journal of Food Protection 70, no. 1 (2007): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.1.65.

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The fate of acid-adapted and nonadapted Listeria monocytogenes inoculated onto bologna slices (formulated with or without antimicrobials) was examined during storage and after exposure to in vitro gastric challenge. Bologna slices formulated with no antimicrobials (control), 3% sodium lactate (SL), or 1.8% SL plus 0.25% sodium diacetate (SD) were inoculated (2 log CFU/cm2) with a 10-strain composite of acid-adapted or nonadapted L. monocytogenes strains. Growth or survival of the two inocula on bologna was evaluated during vacuum-packaged storage (10°C) for up to 36 days. Survival of previousl

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8

Yang, Xia, Tao Zhang, Yao Ding, Jun Bo Li, and Jia Guo. "Vitamin B₃ Adsorbed onto Activated Carbons and their Release Kinetics in Different Media." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 697–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.697.

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The adsorption of vitamin B3 (VPP) by activated carbons and their release processes in the distilled water, simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid were investigated. The adsorptive capacity of the activated carbon for VPP was 94.91 mg/g. Simulated gastric fluid could promote the release of VPP adsorbed by the activated carbon, and the cumulative percentage of VPP released was 76.36%. Based on three commonly-used kinetic models for drug release, mathematical simulations were carried out. It was found that the release processes of VPP in three different media could be fitted well

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9

Fu, Tong-Jen, Upasana R. Abbott, and Catherine Hatzos. "Digestibility of Food Allergens and Nonallergenic Proteins in Simulated Gastric Fluid and Simulated Intestinal FluidA Comparative Study." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50, no. 24 (2002): 7154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf020599h.

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10

Mavropoulos, Elena, Nilce C. C. da Rocha, Maria Helena M. Rocha-Leão, Marcelo Henrique Prado da Silva, and Antonella M. Rossi. "Heavy Metals Immobilization by Hydroxyapatite-Alginate Composite in Simulated Gastric Fluid." Key Engineering Materials 361-363 (November 2007): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.467.

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Micrometric sphere beads of HA-alginate composite were produced to remove Pb2+ and Cd2+ from contaminated gastric fluid. It was shown that the composite was effective in Pb2+ and Cd2+ immobilization from high-contaminated simulated gastric fluid. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analyses performed on HA-alginate beads after the Pb2+ uptake showed that lead phosphate, (Pb10-x Cax (PO4)6Cl2), was precipitated on beads surface. X-ray diffraction patterns of HA powder after Cd2+ sorption experiments showed no evidence of other phases, however, dispersive energy spectrometer analy

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11

Herman, Rod A., Barry W. Schafer, Valerie A. Korjagin, and April D. Ernest. "Rapid Digestion of Cry34Ab1 and Cry35Ab1 in Simulated Gastric Fluid." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51, no. 23 (2003): 6823–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf034290p.

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12

Jeong, Tae Hyeon, Kyung Bin Kim, Su Yeon Kim, et al. "Pepsin-induced modification of silver nanoparticles in simulated gastric fluid." Colloid and Interface Science Communications 44 (September 2021): 100491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colcom.2021.100491.

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13

Ault, Andrew P., Diana I. Stark, Jessica L. Axson, et al. "Protein corona-induced modification of silver nanoparticle aggregation in simulated gastric fluid." Environmental Science: Nano 3, no. 6 (2016): 1510–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6en00278a.

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14

Fredua-Agyeman, M., and S. Gaisford. "Comparative survival of commercial probiotic formulations: tests in biorelevant gastric fluids and real-time measurements using microcalorimetry." Beneficial Microbes 6, no. 1 (2015): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2014.0051.

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The large number of probiotic products now available makes the decision about which product to choose difficult both for the consumer and for the specialist providing dietary/nutritional advice. Data on the viability of the bacteria in these products, in an in vivo situation, are therefore important. This study was designed to explore the comparative health and survival of probiotic species in various commercial formulations, using more realistic test systems. This might allow further understanding of factors that must be controlled to optimise the delivery of live healthy bacteria to the lowe

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15

Medina, Jose Raul, Jonathan Hernandez, and Marcela Hurtado. "IN VITRO RELEASE STUDIES OF CARBAMAZEPINE TABLETS AND BENZOYL METRONIDAZOLE SUSPENSIONS USING THE FLOW-THROUGH CELL APPARATUS AND SIMULATED GASTROINTESTINAL FLUIDS." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 9, no. 4 (2017): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2017v9i4.18929.

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Objective: To characterize the in vitro release of carbamazepine tablets and benzoyl metronidazole suspensions using the flow-through cell apparatus and simulated gastrointestinal fluids.Methods: Tegretol® tablets, Flagyl® suspension, and generic formulations of each were tested. Release studies were performed using an automated flow-through cell apparatus. Simulated gastric fluid (with and without pepsin) and simulated intestinal fluid (without pancreatin) at 16 ml/min and fasted state simulated intestinal fluid at 8 ml/min, all at 37.0±0.5 °C, were used as dissolution media. The quantity of

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16

Daschner, F., I. Kappstein, I. Engels, et al. "Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis and Ventilation Pneumonia Prevention by Antibacterial Cytoprotective Agents?" Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 9, no. 2 (1988): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/645786.

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AbstractThe gastric and tracheal flora of 142 consecutive patients receiving stress ulcer prophylaxis were investigated, identifying identical isolates by typing. Furthermore, the growth pattern of normal respiratory bacteria and organisms causing ventilation pneumonia at different pH values and the in vitro effect of sucralfate and bismuth subsalicylate on these bacteria in simulated gastric fluid were studied. The results obtained were as follows: (1) with rising gastric pH bacterial counts in gastric aspirates, especially gram-negatives, increased significantly; (2) in 45 (31.7%) of the pat

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17

Taylor, Steve L. "Comment on Digestibility of Food Allergens and Nonallergenic Proteins in Simulated Gastric Fluid and Simulated Intestinal FluidA Comparative Study." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51, no. 17 (2003): 5183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf030375e.

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18

Fu, Tong-Jen, Upasana R. Abbott, and Catherine Hatzos. "Rebuttal on Digestibility of Food Allergens and Nonallergenic Proteins in Simulated Gastric Fluid and Simulated Intestinal FluidA Comparative Study." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51, no. 17 (2003): 5185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0303767.

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19

Cesco, Cassiele T., Artur J. M. Valente, and Alexandre T. Paulino. "Methylene Blue Release from Chitosan/Pectin and Chitosan/DNA Blend Hydrogels." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 6 (2021): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13060842.

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Chitosan/DNA blend hydrogel (CDB) and chitosan/pectin blend hydrogel (CPB) were synthesized using an emulsion (oil-in-water) technique for the release of methylene blue (model molecule). Both hydrogels were characterized by swelling assays, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), before and after the methylene blue (MB) loading. Higher swelling degrees were determined for both hydrogels in simulated gastric fluid. FT-IR spectra inferred absorption peak changes and shifts after MB loading. The TGA results confirme

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20

Gonekar, Rinku, and Mohan Lal Kori. "Preparation and characterization of azathioprine microspheres for colon specific delivery." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 2 (2019): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i2.2519.

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The objective of the present study is to develop colon targeted drug delivery system using dextrin (polysaccharide) as a carrier for Azathioprine. Microspheres containing azathioprine, dextrin and various excipients were prepared by solvent evaporation technique. The prepared microsphere were evaluated by different methods parameters like particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, percentage yield, shape and surface morphology and in vitro drug release study. Drug release profile was evaluated in simulated gastric, intestinal fluid and simulated colonic fluid. Best formulation was decided on t

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21

Yang, Tian Jian, Quan Long Pu, and Shen K. Yang. "Hydrolysis of Temazepam in Simulated Gastric Fluid and Its Pharmacological Consequence." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 83, no. 11 (1994): 1543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600831105.

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22

Tamplin, Mark L. "Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Simulated Human Gastric Fluid." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 1 (2005): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.1.320-325.2005.

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ABSTRACT Human disease caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a function of the number of cells that are present at potential sites of infection and host susceptibility. Such infectious doses are a result, in part, of the quantity of cells that are ingested and that survive human host defenses, such as the low-pH environment of the stomach. To more fully understand the kinetics of E. coli O157:H7 survival in gastric fluid, individual E. coli O157:H7 strains were suspended in various media (i.e., saline, cooked ground beef [CGB], and CGB containing a commercial antacid product [CGB+A]), mixed at

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23

Horii, Ken, Takashi Adachi, Takanori Tanino, et al. "Evaluation of cell surface-displayed protein stability against simulated gastric fluid." Biotechnology Letters 31, no. 8 (2009): 1259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10529-009-0006-5.

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24

Tung-Thompson, Grace, Jennifer Gentry-Shields, Angela Fraser, and Lee-Ann Jaykus. "Persistence of Human Norovirus RT-qPCR Signals in Simulated Gastric Fluid." Food and Environmental Virology 7, no. 1 (2014): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12560-014-9170-4.

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25

Welage, L., P. Carver, and K. Welch. "Antibacterial activity of sucralfate versus aluminum chloride in simulated gastric fluid." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 13, no. 12 (1994): 1046–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02111825.

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26

Kappstein, I., and I. Engels. "Antibacterial activity of sucralfate and bismuth subsalicylate in simulated gastric fluid." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology 6, no. 2 (1987): 216–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02018225.

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27

Bowerbank, Samantha, Michelle Carlin, and John Dean. "Dissolution Testing of Single- and Dual-Component Thyroid Hormone Supplements." Separations 6, no. 1 (2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations6010018.

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A method for the analysis of thyroid hormones by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for the dissolution testing of single- and dual-component thyroid hormone supplements via a two-stage biorelevant dissolution procedure. The biorelevant media consisted of fasted-state simulated gastric fluid and fasted state simulated intestinal fluid at 37 °C, and was investigated using an internationally recognized protocol. The dissolution profiles showed consistent solubilization for both single- and dual-component batches at pH 6.5 in the fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid.

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28

Sonar, Yogesh A., Mrudula H. Bele, Nitin H. Sonar, Vishal S. Bagul, and Prashik S. Shimpi. "TASTE ABATEMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF ARTEMETHER PREPARED BY HOT MELT EXTRUSION." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 9, no. 6 (2017): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2017v9i6.19555.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate a taste-masked formulation using hot melt extrusion approach for artemether.Methods: Taste masking of artemether was done by preparing solid dispersion with coating polymer kollicoatsmartseal 30D using hot melt extrusion. The prepared solid dispersion was subjected to taste masking evaluation like sensory evaluation parameters against five levels set for taste evaluation using artemether as control standard along with in vitro release studies in simulated salivery fluid. After taste evaluation of solid dispersion was subjected to t

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29

Koseki, Shige, Yasuko Mizuno, and Itaru Sotome. "Modeling of Pathogen Survival during Simulated Gastric Digestion." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 3 (2010): 1021–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02139-10.

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ABSTRACTThe objective of the present study was to develop a mathematical model of pathogenic bacterial inactivation kinetics in a gastric environment in order to further understand a part of the infectious dose-response mechanism. The major bacterial pathogensListeria monocytogenes,Escherichia coliO157:H7, andSalmonellaspp. were examined by using simulated gastric fluid adjusted to various pH values. To correspond to the various pHs in a stomach during digestion, a modified logistic differential equation model and the Weibull differential equation model were examined. The specific inactivation

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30

Lapidot, Tair, Rina Granit, and Joseph Kanner. "Lipid Hydroperoxidase Activity of Myoglobin and Phenolic Antioxidants in Simulated Gastric Fluid." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53, no. 9 (2005): 3391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf040400w.

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31

Koethe, Martin, Carolin Schade, Karsten Fehlhaber, and Martina Ludewig. "Survival of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in simulated gastric fluid and cow’s milk." Veterinary Parasitology 233 (January 2017): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.12.010.

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32

Merrick, John, Brian Lane, Terri Sebree, Tony Yaksh, Carol O'Neill, and Stan L. Banks. "Identification of Psychoactive Degradants of Cannabidiol in Simulated Gastric and Physiological Fluid." Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research 1, no. 1 (2016): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/can.2015.0004.

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33

Karepina, Elizaveta, Anna Yu Godymchuk, Denis V. Kuznetsov, and Alexander A. Gusev. "High Physicochemical Persistence of Aluminum Nanoparticles in Synthetic Body Fluids." Advanced Materials Research 872 (December 2013): 248–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.872.248.

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When nanoparticles get into a living body, they interact with body fluids. This study shows high physicochemical persistence of electroexplosive aluminum nanoparticles in physiological solutions simulating body fluids: Artificial Sweat (ASw), Simulated Saliva (SS), Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF), and Artificial Alveolar Fluid (AAF). It has been demonstrated that after 14 days of exposure in ASw SS SGF AAF solutions, the average size of initial 90 nm nanoparticles became 90 100 230 90 nm, and the average size of initial 5 μm agglomerates became 1.6 0.9 1.0 3.0 μm, respectively. According to s SE

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34

Fernandes, Kelly, Humberto Ferraz, Fanny Vereau, and Ernani Pinto. "Availability of Guanitoxin in Water Samples Containing Sphaerospermopsis torques-reginae Cells Submitted to Dissolution Tests." Pharmaceuticals 13, no. 11 (2020): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph13110402.

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Guanitoxin (GNT) is a potent neurotoxin produced by freshwater cyanobacteria that can cause the deaths of wild and domestic animals. Through reports of animal intoxication by cyanobacteria cells that produce GNT, this study aimed to investigate the bio-accessibility of GNT in simulated solutions of the gastrointestinal content in order to understand the process of toxicosis promoted by GNT in vivo. Dissolution tests were conducted with a mixture of Sphaerospermopsis torques-reginae (Cyanobacteria; Nostocales) cultures (30%) and gastrointestinal solutions with and without proteolytic enzymes (7

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35

Zhao, Q., S. Lee, A. Mutukumira, I. Maddox, and Q. Shu. "Viability and delivery of immobilised Lactobacillus reuteri DPC16 within calcium alginate gel systems during sequential passage through simulated gastrointestinal fluids." Beneficial Microbes 2, no. 2 (2011): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2011.0007.

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The objective of the study was to design and produce calcium alginate beads that can deliver immobilised Lactobacillus reuteri DPC16 to a target site of the colon in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In this study, several factors that might affect the effectiveness of calcium alginate gel beads entrapping L. reuteri DPC16 cells were investigated. An in vitro GI tract model was used to simulate the pH variation and the existence of enzymes. Firstly, by varying the concentration of alginate at a constant concentration of CaCl2 the survival of immobilised DPC16 cells in simulated gastric fluid (S

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36

Ramis, Joana, Catarina Coelho, Alba Córdoba, Paulo Quadros, and Marta Monjo. "Safety Assessment of Nano-Hydroxyapatite as an Oral Care Ingredient according to the EU Cosmetics Regulation." Cosmetics 5, no. 3 (2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics5030053.

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Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP-NP) are incorporated in oral care products such as toothpastes and mouthwashes to treat dental sensitivity or to promote enamel remineralisation. Despite the good performance of HAP-NP in this application, it is important to ensure its safety for consumers. For that reason, the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) evaluated the safety of HAP-NP as an oral care ingredient, but the issued opinion was not completely conclusive and the SCCS recommended that additional tests should be performed. Here, we used a commercially available human gingival epithe

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37

Danzeisen, Ruth, David Lee Williams, Vanessa Viegas, Michael Dourson, Steven Verberckmoes, and Arne Burzlaff. "Bioelution, Bioavailability, and Toxicity of Cobalt Compounds Correlate." Toxicological Sciences 174, no. 2 (2020): 311–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfz249.

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Abstract Based on the wide use of cobalt substances in a range of important technologies, it has become important to predict the toxicological properties of new or lesser-studied substances as accurately as possible. We studied a group of 6 cobalt substances with inorganic ligands, which were tested for their bioaccessibility (surrogate measure of bioavailability) through in vitro bioelution in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. Representatives of the group also underwent in vivo blood kinetics and mass balance tests, and both oral acute and repeated dose toxicity (RDT) testing. We were

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Wen, Li-Xiong, Hao-Min Ding, Jie-Xin Wang, and Jian-Feng Chen. "Porous Hollow Silica Nanoparticles as Carriers for Controlled Delivery of Ibuprofen to Small Intestine." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6, no. 9 (2006): 3139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2006.410.

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With two different methods, ibuprofen was entrapped into porous hollow silica nanoparticles (PHSNs) carriers, which were synthesized through a sol–gel route by using CaCO3 nanoparticles as the inorganic templates. By employing pressured CO2 as the loading medium, the amount of ibuprofen that was pressed into the carriers was ∼52% higher than that by simply soaking. The drug release behaviors of the ibuprofen-loaded PHSNs were investigated in a simulated intestine juice and an artificial gastric fluid, respectively, and it demonstrated a sustained release pattern in all cases and the sample pre

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39

Imwa, Putra, and Kusumawati Igaw. "THE USE OF CLINOPTILOLITES AS CARRIER OF METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: IN VITRO DRUG RELEASE STUDY." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 11 (2018): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i11.24366.

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Objective: As an antidiabetic drug, metformin hydrochloride (HCl) has been well known to possess low oral bioavailability and short half-life. In this study, we prepared the drug delivery system (DDS) of metformin HCl and clinoptilolite as its carrier. The in vitro drug release profile was further investigated.Methods: DDS was made by encapsulating metformin HCl on clinoptilolite using the wet impregnation method at various pH and initial concentration of metformin HCl. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and N2 Sorption Analyzer were used to characteriz

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40

Shubakov, Anatoly, and Elena Mikhailova. "Production, Properties and Swelling of Copper-Pectic Gel Particles in an Artificial Gastroenteric Environment." International Journal of Biomedicine 11, no. 1 (2021): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21103/article11(1)_oa10.

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The purpose of the this research was to obtain and study the properties of copper-pectic gel particles (CuPGPs) obtained from aqueous solutions of apple pectin (AP) in the concentration range of 1%-5% in the presence of Cu2+ ions. Methods and Results: We used commercial AP AU701 (Herbstreith & Fox KG, Germany). CuPGPs were obtained from aqueous solutions of AP (1%, 3%, 5%) in the presence of Cu2+ ions (1%-10%) by the method of ionotropic gelation, The diameter and density of the CuPGPs were determined. Dry CuPGPs formed from 5% AP with all tested concentrations of copper ions have the larg

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41

Jayanudin, Moh Fahrurrozi, Sang Kompiang Wirawan, and Rochmadi. "Controlled Release Evaluation of Red Ginger Oleoresin Encapsulation using Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF)." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 11, no. 8 (2018): 3431. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2018.00633.9.

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42

Ozel, Baris, Ozlem Aydin, Leonid Grunin, and Mecit H. Oztop. "Physico-Chemical Changes of Composite Whey Protein Hydrogels in Simulated Gastric Fluid Conditions." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 66, no. 36 (2018): 9542–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02829.

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43

Skowronski, Gloria A., Margaret Seide, and Mohamed S. Abdel-Rahman. "ORAL BIOACCESSIBILITY OF TRIVALENT AND HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM IN SOIL BY SIMULATED GASTRIC FLUID." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 63, no. 5 (2001): 351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390152103652.

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Sun, Yujing, Tianyuan Zhen, Yang Li, et al. "Interaction of food-grade titanium dioxide nanoparticles with pepsin in simulated gastric fluid." LWT 134 (December 2020): 110208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110208.

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Wu, Li-Sha, Zhen-Xing Li, Zong-Chao Lu, et al. "In-Vitro Simulated Gastric Fluid Digestion and Immunogenicity of Different Crustacean Protein Extracts." International Journal of Food Properties 18, no. 1 (2014): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2013.805766.

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Herman, Rod A., Michael M. Woolhiser, Gregory S. Ladics, et al. "Stability of a set of allergens and non-allergens in simulated gastric fluid." International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 58, no. 2 (2007): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09637480601149640.

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Singh, Atheesha, and Tobias G. Barnard. "Surviving the acid barrier: responses of pathogenic Vibrio cholerae to simulated gastric fluid." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 100, no. 2 (2015): 815–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-7067-2.

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Ray-Mafull, Carlos A. "Adsorption And Thermodynamic Parameters Of Activated Carbon-Diazepam Systems In Simulated Gastric Fluid." Advanced Materials Letters 12, no. 6 (2021): 21061637. http://dx.doi.org/10.5185/amlett.2021.061637.

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Wang, Yi-Feng, Jing Che, Yong-Chao Zheng, et al. "Multi-stable fluorescent silica nanoparticles obtained from in situ doping with aggregation-induced emission molecules." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 3, no. 45 (2015): 8775–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tb01761k.

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Rigid structures provided by silica matrix restrict the intramolecular rotations of AIE molecules, and fluorescence of CWQ-11@SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles maintains excellent pH-, viscosity- and photo-stability, especially stable in simulated gastric fluid.

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Uzunović, Alija, and Edina Vranić. "Stability of Anthocyanins from Commercial Black Currant Juice under Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 8, no. 3 (2008): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2008.2928.

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Anthocyanins are effective antioxidants but they have also been proposed to have other biological activities independent of their antioxidant capacities that produce health benefits. Examples range from inhibition of cancer cell growth in vitro, induction of insulin production in isolated pancreatic cells, reduction of starch digestion through inhibition of a-glucosidase activity, suppression of inflammatory responses as well as protection against age-related declines in cognitive behavior and neuronal dysfunction in the central nervous system. However, to achieve any biological effect in a sp

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