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Journal articles on the topic 'Gastrointestinal Contents, microbiology'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

van Winsen, Ren� L., Bert A. P. Urlings, Len J. A. Lipman, et al. "Effect of Fermented Feed on the Microbial Population of the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Pigs." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 7 (2001): 3071–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.7.3071-3076.2001.

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ABSTRACT An in vivo experiment was performed with pigs to study the inhibitory effect of fermented feed on the bacterial population of the gastrointestinal tract. Results demonstrated a significant positive correlation between pH and lactobacilli in the stomach contents of pigs in dry feed as well as in the stomach contents of pigs fed fermented feed. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between the pH and the numbers of bacteria in the familyEnterobacteriaceae in the contents of the stomach of pigs fed dry feed was found. In the stomach contents of pigs fed fermented feed, a signif
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Uyeno, Y., S. Katayama, and S. Nakamura. "Changes in mouse gastrointestinal microbial ecology with ingestion of kale." Beneficial Microbes 5, no. 3 (2014): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2013.0073.

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Kale, a cultivar of Brassica oleracea, has attracted a great deal of attention because of its health-promoting effects, which are thought to be exerted through modulation of the intestinal microbiota. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of kale ingestion on the gastrointestinal microbial ecology of mice. 21 male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups and housed in a specific pathogen-free facility. The animals were fed either a control diet or experimental diets supplemented with different commercial kale products for 12 weeks. Contents of the caecum and colon of t
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3

Intemann, Sandra, Bernd Reckels, Dana Carina Schubert, Petra Wolf, Josef Kamphues, and Christian Visscher. "The Microbiological Quality of Concentrates for Horses—A Retrospective Study on Influencing Factors and Associations with Clinical Symptoms Reported by Owners or Referring Vets." Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 8 (2022): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9080413.

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Evidence has already been provided that feed-borne mold spores and endotoxins can trigger chronic, non-infectious respiratory disease if inhaled. Furthermore, deficiencies in feed microbiology are suspected to trigger gastrointestinal and liver disorders in horses, but the connection needs further clarification. Most of the previous studies regarding horse feed hygiene focused on forage, whereas research regarding hygienic quality of concentrates is scarce. In the present study, results of reports on hygienic quality of compound feed and cereals for horses were evaluated secondarily. Results i
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Sun, Wenjing, Yan Guo, Shirong Zhang, et al. "Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Can Alleviate Gastrointestinal Transit in Rats with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Regulation of Serotonin Biosynthesis." BioMed Research International 2018 (October 2, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8308671.

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Aim. We tested the hypothesis that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could regulate the biotransformation of bile acids, such as deoxycholic acid (DCA) and cholic acid (CA), which in turn regulate the biosynthesis of serotonin in the gut and relieve gastrointestinal dysmotility in high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obesity in rats. Methods. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control diet group, HFD group, and HFD-fed with receiving FMT. HFD was fed for 12 weeks. At the end of two-week HFD, FMT was carried out for two weeks. The gastrointestinal transit, serotonin concentra
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Wu, Zhenbing, Qianqian Zhang, Yaoyao Lin, et al. "Taxonomic and Functional Characteristics of the Gill and Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Its Correlation with Intestinal Metabolites in NEW GIFT Strain of Farmed Adult Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)." Microorganisms 9, no. 3 (2021): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9030617.

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The gill and gastrointestinal tract are primary entry routes for pathogens. The symbiotic microbiota are essential to the health, nutrition and disease of fish. Though the intestinal microbiota of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) has been extensively studied, information on the mucosa-associated microbiota of this species, especially the gill and gastrointestinal mucosa-associated microbiota, is lacking. This study aimed to characterize the gill and gastrointestinal mucosa- and digesta-associated microbiota, as well as the intestinal metabolite profiles in the New Genetically Improved Farm
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CHOWDHURY, EMDADULL H., OSAMU MIKAMI, HIDEO MURATA, et al. "Fate of Maize Intrinsic and Recombinant Genes in Calves Fed Genetically Modified Maize Bt11." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 2 (2004): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.2.365.

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The presence of maize intrinsic and recombinant cry1Ab genes in the gastrointestinal (GI) contents, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and visceral organs of calves fed genetically modified Bt11 maize was examined by PCR in a subchronic 90-day performance study. Samples were collected from six Japanese Black/Holstein calves fed Bt11 maize and from six calves fed non-Bt maize. Fragments of maize zein (Ze1), invertase, chloroplast, and cry1Ab were detected inconsistently in the rumen fluid and rectal contents 5 and 18 h after feeding. The chloroplast DNA fragments of ribulose-1,5-bisphos
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7

Takai, S., M. Sudo, M. Sakai, et al. "Isolation of Rhodococcus equi from the gastrointestinal contents of earthworms (family Megascolecidae)." Letters in Applied Microbiology 74, no. 1 (2021): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lam.13577.

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8

Peng, Chun, Sanling Zuo, Yinsheng Qiu, Shulin Fu, and Lijuan Peng. "Determination of Colistin in Contents Derived from Gastrointestinal Tract of Feeding Treated Piglet and Broiler." Antibiotics 10, no. 4 (2021): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10040422.

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Colistin is considered as the last-resort treatment for multiantibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections in humans. However, the oral administration of colistin to livestock and poultry results in the introduction of large amounts of colistin to the surrounding environment via urine and feces, potentially inducing the prevalence of colistin-resistant bacteria and the impact on the ecological environment. We established a quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) based method to measure colistin in contents recovered from the gastrointestinal segments of piglets and broilers, as well as c
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9

Rea, Mary C., Debebe Alemayehu, Pat G. Casey, et al. "Bioavailability of the anti-clostridial bacteriocin thuricin CD in gastrointestinal tract." Microbiology 160, no. 2 (2014): 439–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.068767-0.

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Thuricin CD is a two component narrow spectrum bacteriocin comprising two peptides with targeted activity against Clostridium difficile. This study examined the bioavailability of thuricin with a view to developing it as an effective antimicrobial against intestinal infection. One of the peptides, Trn-β, was found to be degraded by the gastric enzymes pepsin and α-chymotrypsin both in vitro and in vivo, whereas Trn-α was resistant to digestion by these enzymes and hence was detected in the intestinal porcine digesta following oral ingestion by pigs. In order to determine if spores of the produ
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Shao, Zhanmei, Jidong Zhong, Yuming Fang, and Yongqiang Ma. "Effect of Kvass on Improving Functional Dyspepsia in Rats." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (June 28, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5169892.

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Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common digestive system disease, and probiotics in the treatment of FD have a good curative effect. Patients with gastrointestinal diseases often show a poor response to traditional drug treatments and suffer from adverse reactions. Kvass can be used as a functional drink without side effects to improve the symptoms of FD patients. The results showed that compared with those of the model group, the body weight and food intake of the treatment group were significantly increased ( P < 0.05 ), and the gastric residual rate of the treatment group was significantly
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Jakobsen, Louise Margrethe Arildsen, Ulrik Kræmer Sundekilde, Henrik Jørgen Andersen, et al. "Administration of Bovine Milk Oligosaccharide to Weaning Gnotobiotic Mice Inoculated with a Simplified Infant Type Microbiota." Microorganisms 9, no. 5 (2021): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9051003.

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Bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMO) share structural similarity to selected human milk oligosaccharides, which are natural prebiotics for infants. Thus, there is a potential in including BMOs as a prebiotic in infant formula. To examine the in vivo effect of BMO-supplementation on the infant gut microbiota, a BMO-rich diet (2% w/w) was fed to gnotobiotic mice (n = 11) inoculated with an infant type co-culture and compared with gnotobiotic mice receiving a control diet (n = 9). Nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics in combination with high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used
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Silva, Flávia Cristina de Paula, Jacques Robert Nicoli, José Luiz Zambonino-Infante, Sadasivam Kaushik, and François-Joël Gatesoupe. "Influence of the diet on the microbial diversity of faecal and gastrointestinal contents in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and intestinal contents in goldfish (Carassius auratus)." FEMS Microbiology Ecology 78, no. 2 (2011): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01155.x.

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Miller, Aaron W., Kevin D. Kohl, and M. Denise Dearing. "The Gastrointestinal Tract of the White-Throated Woodrat (Neotoma albigula) Harbors Distinct Consortia of Oxalate-Degrading Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 5 (2013): 1595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03742-13.

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ABSTRACTThe microbiota inhabiting the mammalian gut is a functional organ that provides a number of services for the host. One factor that may regulate the composition and function of gut microbial communities is dietary toxins. Oxalate is a toxic plant secondary compound (PSC) produced in all major taxa of vascular plants and is consumed by a variety of animals. The mammalian herbivoreNeotoma albigulais capable of consuming and degrading large quantities of dietary oxalate. We isolated and characterized oxalate-degrading bacteria from the gut contents of wild-caught animals and used high-thro
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14

Mazen Abunejma, Fawzy, Abdelrhman Muwaffaq Janem, Asala Mohammad Awaysa, et al. "The Youngest Palestinian Case of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in children (MIS-C)." AL-Kindy College Medical Journal 18, no. 3 (2022): 243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i3.856.

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The multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) considers a post-infectious immunological response to coronavirus illness (COVID-19) that was originally identified in the United Kingdom and later identified in other countries. A previously healthy 3-month-old boy was admitted to hospital context with -5-day history of fever, gastrointestinal symptoms [diarrhea, vomiting of normal gastric contents], hypoactivity, and poor oral intake, but so far no history of covid-19 active disease. The infant was dehydrated, with macular non-blanching skin rash everywhere over his body and widesprea
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Cireșan, Călin-Alexandru, Ileana Cocan, Ersilia Alexa, et al. "Research on the Control of Gastrointestinal Strongyles in Sheep by Using Lotus corniculatus or Cichorium intybus in Feed." Pathogens 12, no. 8 (2023): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12080986.

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The general practice of sheep farmers in gastrointestinal helminth control is based on the use of commercial drugs, making chemoresistance very common. Considering this, our study focused on the biological control of gastrointestinal parasitism using high-tannin plant hay. Three groups of 30 animals each were formed. The control group was additionally fed meadow hay, while the other two groups received chicory (group 2) and bird’s foot trefoil hay (group 3). The number of gastrointestinal strongyle eggs, shed through faeces (EPG), was surveyed for 28 days for all animals. The amounts of total
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Sodi, Irene, Mina Martini, Federica Salari, and Stefania Perrucci. "Gastrointestinal Parasite Infections and Environmental Sustainability of the Ovine Sector: Eimeria spp. Infections and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Excretions in Dairy Sheep in Italy." Pathogens 12, no. 12 (2023): 1459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12121459.

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In sheep farming, gastrointestinal parasites can be responsible for significant reductions in animal health and production. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fecal excretions are the main determining factors for N2O emissions from manure management and may pose other environmental problems, such as the acidification and eutrophication of natural habitats. By using the Mini-FLOTAC technique on fecal samples from sheep of different ages and physiological status from 19 dairy sheep farms in Tuscany (central Italy), gastrointestinal parasite infections were evaluated. The animal N and P fecal conten
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Deng, Y., M. Li, L. Mei, et al. "Manipulation of intestinal dysbiosis by a bacterial mixture ameliorates loperamide-induced constipation in rats." Beneficial Microbes 9, no. 3 (2018): 453–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2017.0062.

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Constipation has a significant influence on quality of life. Patients with constipation have slow waves in their gastrointestinal smooth muscles and less faecal water contents, which are closely associated with down-regulation of the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the gastrointestinal muscles and the aquaporin protein AQP3 expressed in colon epithelial cells. Recent studies supported that patients with constipation have altered intestinal microbial structures compared with healthy controls. Intestinal dysbiosis might be one possible pathophysiological mechanism causing constipation. Bact
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18

Hayashi, Hidenori, Rei Takahashi, Takahiro Nishi, Mitsuo Sakamoto, and Yoshimi Benno. "Molecular analysis of jejunal, ileal, caecal and recto-sigmoidal human colonic microbiota using 16S rRNA gene libraries and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism." Journal of Medical Microbiology 54, no. 11 (2005): 1093–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.45935-0.

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Microbiota in gut contents of jejunum, ileum, caecum and recto-sigmoid colon obtained from three elderly individuals at autopsy were compared using 16S rRNA gene libraries and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). Random clones of 16S rRNA gene sequences were isolated after PCR amplification with universal primer sets of total genomic DNA extracted from each sample of gut contents. An average of 90 randomly selected clones were partially sequenced (about 500 bp). T-RFLP analysis was performed using the 16S rRNA gene amplified from each sample. The lengths of the terminal
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Monteagudo-Mera, A., J. C. Arthur, C. Jobin, T. Keku, J. M. Bruno-Barcena, and M. A. Azcarate-Peril. "High purity galacto-oligosaccharides enhance specific Bifidobacterium species and their metabolic activity in the mouse gut microbiome." Beneficial Microbes 7, no. 2 (2016): 247–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2015.0114.

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Prebiotics are selectively fermented ingredients that result in specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, thus conferring benefit(s) upon the host health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a β(1-4)galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) formulation consisting of 90% pure GOS (GOS90), on the composition and activity of the mouse gut microbiota. Germ-free mice were colonised with microbiota from four pathogen-free wt 129 mice donors (SPF), and stools were collected during a feeding trial in which GOS90 was delivered orally for 14 days. Py
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Pieper, Robert, J�r�me Bindelle, Brian Rossnagel, Andrew Van Kessel, and Pascal Leterme. "Effect of Carbohydrate Composition in Barley and Oat Cultivars on Microbial Ecophysiology and Proliferation of Salmonella enterica in an In Vitro Model of the Porcine Gastrointestinal Tract." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 22 (2009): 7006–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01343-09.

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ABSTRACT The influence of the carbohydrate (CHO) composition of cereal cultivars on microbial ecophysiology was studied using an in vitro model of the porcine gastrointestinal tract. Ten hull-less barley cultivars, six barley cultivars with hulls, six oat cultivars, and six oat groats that differed in β-glucan, nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP), and starch contents and starch type were hydrolyzed enzymatically and incubated for 72 h with pig feces. Fermentation kinetics were modeled, and microbial compositions and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles were analyzed using terminal restriction fra
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AVILES, BRYAN, COURTNEY KLOTZ, TWYLA SMITH, ROBERT WILLIAMS, and MONICA PONDER. "Survival of Salmonella enterica Serotype Tennessee during Simulated Gastric Passage Is Improved by Low Water Activity and High Fat Content." Journal of Food Protection 76, no. 2 (2013): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-280.

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The low water activity (aw 0.3) of peanut butter prohibits the growth of Salmonella in a product; however, illnesses are reported from peanut butter contaminated with very small doses, suggesting the food matrix itself influences the infectious dose of Salmonella, potentially by improving Salmonella's survival in the gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of our study was to quantify the survival of a peanut butter outbreak–associated strain of Salmonella enterica serotype Tennessee when inoculated into peanut butters with different fat contents and aw (high fat, high aw; high fat, low aw; low fa
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Ogawa, Michinaga, Kensuke Shimizu, Koji Nomoto, et al. "Protective Effect of Lactobacillus casei Strain Shirota on Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coliO157:H7 Infection in Infant Rabbits." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 2 (2001): 1101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.2.1101-1108.2001.

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ABSTRACT We examined colonization patterns of Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli (STEC), concentrations of Shiga toxins (Stxs) and specific immunoglobulin A (lgA) against Stxs and STEC bacterial cell surface antigen in various portions of the gastrointestinal tract in an infant rabbit infection model. After inoculation of 3-day-old infant rabbits with STEC strain 89020087 at low doses (∼103 CFU/body), numbers of colonizing STEC bacteria and concentrations of Stxs in the intestine increased dramatically and the animals developed diarrhea within a couple of days after infection. Daily adminis
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Siagian, Bethania Nadi Ida Febrina, and Ermi Girsang. "IDENTIFICATION OF DRUG USE IN GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GERD) PATIENTS IN OUTSTANDING INSTALLATION ROYAL PRIMA HOSPITAL." Journal Health & Science : Gorontalo Journal Health and Science Community 6, no. 2 (2022): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.35971/gojhes.v6i2.14173.

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Abstrak Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD ) dapat didefinisikan sebagai gangguan ketika isi lambung mengalami refluks secara berulang ke dalam esofagus sehingga muncul gejala dan/atau komplikasi yang mengganggu. GERD juga dianggap sebagai gangguan gastrointestinal kronis yang ditandai dengan regurgitasi isi lambung ke kerongkongan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan obat pada Pasien Gastroephageal Raflux Disease (GERD). Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 96 orang. Adapun metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif restrospektif dengan sumber data b
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Uzal, F. A., J. J. Plumb, L. L. Blackall, D. O'Boyle, and W. R. Kelly. "Detection by polymerase chain reaction of Clostridium perfringens producing epsilon toxin in faeces and in gastrointestinal contents of goats." Letters in Applied Microbiology 23, no. 1 (1996): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765x.1996.tb00019.x.

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Iyer, C., M. Phillips, and K. Kailasapathy. "Release studies of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota from chitosan-coated alginate-starch microcapsules in ex vivo porcine gastrointestinal contents." Letters in Applied Microbiology 41, no. 6 (2005): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765x.2005.01778.x.

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Li, Robert W., Sitao Wu, Weizhong Li, et al. "Alterations in the Porcine Colon Microbiota Induced by the Gastrointestinal Nematode Trichuris suis." Infection and Immunity 80, no. 6 (2012): 2150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00141-12.

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ABSTRACTHelminth parasites ensure their survival by regulating host immunity through mechanisms that dampen inflammation. These properties have recently been exploited therapeutically to treat human diseases. The biocomplexity of the intestinal lumen suggests that interactions between the parasite and the intestinal microbiota would also influence inflammation. In this study, we characterized the microbiota in the porcine proximal colon in response toTrichuris suis(whipworm) infection using 16S rRNA gene-based and whole-genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing. A 21-dayT. suisinfection in four pigs ind
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Greene, Genevieve, Leonard Koolman, Paul Whyte, Catherine Burgess, and Declan Bolton. "The Gut Microbiota of Broilers Reared with and without Antibiotic Treatment." Microorganisms 11, no. 4 (2023): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11040876.

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The aim of this study was to examine the microbiota in broilers reared with and without antibiotics and to investigate differences between the upper, middle and lower sections of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). One of two commercial flocks was treated with an antibiotic (T) (20 mg trimethoprim and 100 mg sulfamethoxazole per ml in the drinking water for 3 days) and the other was left untreated (UT). The GIT contents of 51 treated and untreated birds were aseptically removed from the upper (U), middle (M) and lower (L) sections. These were pooled in triplicate (n = 17 per section per flock),
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Chaucheyras-Durand, Frédérique, Fahima Faqir, Aurélie Ameilbonne, Christine Rozand, and Christine Martin. "Fates of Acid-Resistant and Non-Acid-Resistant Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains in Ruminant Digestive Contents in the Absence and Presence of Probiotics." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 3 (2009): 640–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02054-09.

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ABSTRACT Healthy ruminants are the main reservoir of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). During their transit through the ruminant gastrointestinal tract, STEC encounters a number of acidic environments. As all STEC strains are not equally resistant to acidic conditions, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether acid resistance confers an ecological advantage to STEC strains in ruminant digestive contents and whether acid resistance mechanisms are induced in the rumen compartment. We found that acid-resistant STEC survived at higher rates during prolonged incubation in ru
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Hao, Ju, Yao Zhang, Li Tianyu, et al. "Preliminary Investigation of the Diagnosis of Neonatal Congenital Small Bowel Atresia by Ultrasound." BioMed Research International 2019 (September 29, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7097159.

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Purpose. To assess the diagnostic value of ultrasonography (US) for congenital small bowel atresia (SBA) in neonates and their sonographic characteristics. Methods. A retrospective analysis was performed of 20 neonates who were confirmed with SBA by operation from March 2014 to January 2019. All the neonates have been scanned by US before surgery, and no one underwent barium enema or upper gastrointestinal imaging prior to US. Preoperation ultrasound characteristics about intestinal morphology and intestinal contents were collected, further to summarize the typical ultrasonic features of SBA.
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Szmigiel, Ida, Damian Konkol, Mariusz Korczyński, Marcin Łukaszewicz, and Anna Krasowska. "Changes in the Microbial Composition of the Cecum and Histomorphometric Analysis of Its Epithelium in Broilers Fed with Feed Mixture Containing Fermented Rapeseed Meal." Microorganisms 9, no. 2 (2021): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020360.

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This study examined the influence of fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM) on the intestinal morphology and gut microflora of broiler chickens. Limited information is available on the effects of FRSM on the intestinal morphology and the gastrointestinal microbiome population of animals. First, 48 21-day Ross 308 broilers were placed in metabolic cages and randomly assigned to four experimental groups. Group I birds were negative controls and received no additive. Group II birds were positive controls and received a 3% addition of unfermented rapeseed meal. Group III birds received a 3% addition of ra
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Højberg, Ole, Nuria Canibe, Hanne Damgaard Poulsen, Mette Skou Hedemann, and Bent Borg Jensen. "Influence of Dietary Zinc Oxide and Copper Sulfate on the Gastrointestinal Ecosystem in Newly Weaned Piglets." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 5 (2005): 2267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.5.2267-2277.2005.

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ABSTRACT Dietary doses of 2,500 ppm ZnO-Zn reduced bacterial activity (ATP accumulation) in digesta from the gastrointestinal tracts of newly weaned piglets compared to that in animals receiving 100 ppm ZnO-Zn. The amounts of lactic acid bacteria (MRS counts) and lactobacilli (Rogosa counts) were reduced, whereas coliforms (MacConkey counts) and enterococci (Slanetz counts, red colonies) were more numerous in animals receiving the high ZnO dose. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the colonies on MRS were dominated by three phylotypes, tentatively identified as Lactobacillus amylovorus (OTU171)
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Aguilar, Cesar Augusto Lopez, Kedson Raul de Souza Lima, Maria Cristina Manno, et al. "Rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) oil in broiler chickens diet." Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal 15, no. 1 (2014): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-99402014000100014.

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A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Rosewood oil (RO) on performance, carcass and commercial cut yields and microbiology of the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens. Five hundred and forty one-day-old male broiler chicks were arranged in a completely randomized design with six treatments and six repetitions consisting of 15 broiler chicks each. The treatments were: inclusion levels of 0.00mL (0.00EO); 0.15mL (0.15 EO); 0.30mL (0.30 EO); 0.45mL (0.45 EO) and 0.60mL (0.60 EO) of RO/kg diet and control (commercial promoter virginiamycin). At 21 and 40 days old, no significant d
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Ahmed, A. Al-Salhi, J. Al-Khfaji Qutiba, A. Al-Imara Eman, and Malik Al-Shatty Sabah. "Manufacture of Bacterial Products from New Species of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Chicken Intestines." GPH-International Journal of Biological & Medicine Science 07, no. 08 (2024): 27–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13847917.

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<strong>The present investigation was conducted within the Microbiology Laboratory in the Department of Food Science at the College of Agriculture, Basrah University. This work aims to produce a bacterial preparation using a collection of novel lactic acid bacteria species. These bacteria were obtained from the contents of the jejunum region in the small intestine of adult chickens that were in good condition. The production procedures involved the introduction of the novel bacterial strain into pasteurized skim milk. The substance underwent fermentation, followed by dehydration and pulverizat
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Naylor, Stuart W., J. Christopher Low, Thomas E. Besser, et al. "Lymphoid Follicle-Dense Mucosa at the Terminal Rectum Is the Principal Site of Colonization of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the Bovine Host." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 3 (2003): 1505–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.3.1505-1512.2003.

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ABSTRACT Escherichia coli O157:H7 causes bloody diarrhea and potentially fatal systemic sequelae in humans. Cattle are most frequently identified as the primary source of infection, and E. coli O157:H7 generally colonizes the gastrointestinal tracts of cattle without causing disease. In this study, persistence and tropism were assessed for four different E. coli O157:H7 strains. Experimentally infected calves shed the organism for at least 14 days prior to necropsy. For the majority of these animals, as well as for a naturally colonized animal obtained from a commercial beef farm, the highest
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35

Wise, Mark G., and Gregory R. Siragusa. "Quantitative Detection of Clostridium perfringens in the Broiler Fowl Gastrointestinal Tract by Real-Time PCR." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 7 (2005): 3911–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.7.3911-3916.2005.

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ABSTRACT Strains of Clostridium perfringens are a frequent cause of food-borne disease and gas gangrene and are also associated with necrotic enteritis in chickens. To detect and quantify the levels of C. perfringens in the chicken gastrointestinal tract, a quantitative real-time PCR assay utilizing a fluorogenic, hydrolysis-type probe was developed and utilized to assay material retrieved from the broiler chicken cecum and ileum. Primers and probe were selected following an alignment of 16S rDNA sequences from members of cluster I of the genus Clostridium, and proved to be specific for C. per
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36

Sun, Weili, Hongpeng Shi, Chengyan Gong, Keyuan Liu, and Guangyu Li. "Effects of Different Yeast Selenium Levels on Rumen Fermentation Parameters, Digestive Enzyme Activity and Gastrointestinal Microflora of Sika Deer during Antler Growth." Microorganisms 11, no. 6 (2023): 1444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061444.

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The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of different selenium supplemental levels on rumen fermentation microflora of sika deer at the velvet antler growth stage. A total of 20 5-year-old, healthy sika deer at the velvet antler growth stage with an average body weight of (98.08 ± 4.93) kg were randomly divided into 4 groups, and each group was fed in a single house. The SY1 group was the control group, and the SY2 group, SY3 group and SY4 group were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.3, 1.2 and 4.8 mg/kg selenium, respectively. The pretest lasted for 7 days, and the formal trial
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37

Zduńczyk, Zenon. "Functioning of the Intestinal Ecosystem: From New Technologies in Microbial Research to Practical Poultry Feeding – A Review." Annals of Animal Science 19, no. 2 (2019): 239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2019-0007.

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AbstractUnlike classical microbiology which focuses on bacteria capable of growing in vitro, metagenomics is a study of genetic information originating from microflora which aims to characterise the microbiome, namely the common genome of bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa and viruses living in the host. Metagenomics relies on next-generation sequencing (NGS), a large-scale sequencing technique which allows millions of sequential reactions to be carried out in parallel to decode entire communities of microorganisms. Metagenomic analyses support taxonomic analyses (involving gene fragments enco
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38

Cilieborg, Malene S., Stine B. Bering, Mette V. Østergaard, et al. "Minimal short-term effect of dietary 2'-fucosyllactose on bacterial colonisation, intestinal function and necrotising enterocolitis in preterm pigs." British Journal of Nutrition 116, no. 5 (2016): 834–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516002646.

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AbstractHuman milk decreases the risk of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), a severe gastrointestinal disease that occurs in 5–10 % of preterm infants. The prebiotic and immune-modulatory effects of milk oligosaccharides may contribute to this protection. Preterm pigs were used to test whether infant formula enriched with α1,2-fucosyllactose (2'-FL, the most abundant oligosaccharide in human milk) would benefit gut microbial colonisation and NEC resistance after preterm birth. Caesarean-delivered preterm pigs were fed formula (Controls, n 17) or formula with 5 g/l 2'-FL (2'-FL, n 16) for 5 d; ei
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39

Lv, Kunling, Qingxia Yuan, Hong Li, et al. "Chlorella pyrenoidosa Polysaccharides as a Prebiotic to Modulate Gut Microbiota: Physicochemical Properties and Fermentation Characteristics In Vitro." Foods 11, no. 5 (2022): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11050725.

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This study was conducted to investigate the prebiotic potential of Chlorella pyrenoidosa polysaccharides to provide useful information for developing C. pyrenoidosa as a green healthy food. C. pyrenoidosa polysaccharides were prepared and their physicochemical characteristics were determined. The digestibility and fermentation characteristics of C. pyrenoidosa polysaccharides were evaluated using in vitro models. The results revealed that C. pyrenoidosa polysaccharides were composed of five non-starch polysaccharide fractions with monosaccharide compositions of Man, Rib, Rha, GlcA, Glc, Gal, X
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Ananda Baskaran, Sangeetha, and Kumar Venkitanarayanan. "Plant-Derived Antimicrobials ReduceE. coliO157:H7 Virulence Factors Critical for Colonization in Cattle Gastrointestinal TractIn Vitro." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/212395.

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This study investigated the effect of subinhibitory concentrations (SIC) of five plant-derived antimicrobials (PDAs), namely, trans cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, carvacrol, thymol, andβ-resorcylic acid, onE. coliO157:H7 (EHEC) attachment and invasion of cultured bovine colonic (CO) and rectoanal junction (RAJ) epithelial cells. In addition, PDAs’ effect on EHEC genes critical for colonization of cattle gastrointestinal tract (CGIT) was determined in bovine rumen fluid (RF) and intestinal contents (BICs). Primary bovine CO and RAJ epithelial cells were established and were separately inoculated with
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41

Azevedo, M. S., L. Yuan, K. I. Jeong, et al. "Viremia and Nasal and Rectal Shedding of Rotavirus in Gnotobiotic Pigs Inoculated with Wa Human Rotavirus." Journal of Virology 79, no. 9 (2005): 5428–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.9.5428-5436.2005.

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ABSTRACT Respiratory symptoms with rotavirus shedding in nasopharyngeal secretions have been reported in children with and without gastrointestinal symptoms (Zheng et al., 1991, J. Med. Virol. 34:29-37). To investigate if attenuated and virulent human rotavirus (HRV) strains cause upper respiratory tract infections or viremia in gnotobiotic pigs, we inoculated them with attenuated or virulent HRV intranasally, intravenously, or orally or via feeding tube (gavage) and assayed virus shedding. After oral or intranasal inoculation with attenuated HRV, the pigs remained asymptomatic, but 79 to 95%
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42

Chaucheyras-Durand, Fr�d�rique, Jordan Madic, Florent Doudin, and Christine Martin. "Biotic and Abiotic Factors Influencing In Vitro Growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Ruminant Digestive Contents." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 6 (2006): 4136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02600-05.

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ABSTRACT The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of ruminants is the main reservoir of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, which is responsible for food-borne infections in humans that can lead to severe kidney disease. Characterization of biotic and abiotic factors that influence the carriage of these pathogens by the ruminant would help in the development of ecological strategies to reduce their survival in the GIT and to decrease the risk of contamination of animal products. We found that growth of E. coli O157:H7 in rumen fluid was inhibited by the autochthonous microflora. Growth was also reduce
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43

Gillilland, Merritt G., John R. Erb-Downward, Christine M. Bassis, et al. "Ecological Succession of Bacterial Communities during Conventionalization of Germ-Free Mice." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 7 (2012): 2359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.05239-11.

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ABSTRACTLittle is known about the dynamics of early ecological succession during experimental conventionalization of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract; thus, we measured changes in bacterial communities over time, at two different mucosal sites (cecum and jejunum), with germfree C57BL/6 mice as the recipients of cecal contents (input community) from a C57BL/6 donor mouse. Bacterial communities were monitored using pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicon libraries from the cecum and jejunum and analyzed by a variety of ecological metrics. Bacterial communities, at day 1 postconventionalization,
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44

Knight, Daniel R., Sara Thean, Papanin Putsathit, Stan Fenwick, and Thomas V. Riley. "Cross-Sectional Study Reveals High Prevalence of Clostridium difficile Non-PCR Ribotype 078 Strains in Australian Veal Calves at Slaughter." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 8 (2013): 2630–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03951-12.

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ABSTRACTRecent reports in North America and Europe ofClostridium difficilebeing isolated from livestock and retail meats of bovine origin have raised concerns about the risk to public health. To assess the situation in Australia, we investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity ofC. difficilein adult cattle and calves at slaughter. Carcass washings, gastrointestinal contents, and feces were collected from abattoirs across five Australian states. Selective culture, toxin profiling, and PCR ribotyping were performed. The prevalence ofC. difficilewas 56% (203/360 samples) in feces from &lt;7-
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45

Trusov, P. V., N. V. Zaitseva, and M. R. Kamaltdinov. "A Multiphase Flow in the Antroduodenal Portion of the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Mathematical Model." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5164029.

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A group of authors has developed a multilevel mathematical model that focuses on functional disorders in a human body associated with various chemical, physical, social, and other factors. At this point, the researchers have come up with structure, basic definitions and concepts of a mathematical model at the “macrolevel” that allow describing processes in a human body as a whole. Currently we are working at the “mesolevel” of organs and systems. Due to complexity of the tasks, this paper deals with only one meso-fragment of a digestive system model. It describes some aspects related to modeli
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46

Fu, Yuechi, Jiaying Hu, Huanmin Zhang, Marisa A. Erasmus, Timothy A. Johnson, and Heng-Wei Cheng. "The Impact of Early-Life Cecal Microbiota Transplantation on Social Stress and Injurious Behaviors in Egg-Laying Chickens." Microorganisms 12, no. 3 (2024): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12030471.

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Injurious behaviors (i.e., aggressive pecking, feather pecking, and cannibalism) in laying hens are a critical issue facing the egg industry due to increased social stress and related health and welfare issues as well as economic losses. In humans, stress-induced dysbiosis increases gut permeability, releasing various neuroactive factors, causing neuroinflammation and related neuropsychiatric disorders via the microbiota–gut–brain axis, and consequently increasing the frequency and intensity of aggression and violent behaviors. Restoration of the imbalanced gut microbial composition has become
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47

Belyakova, Yu G., and B. V. Usha. "Comparative evaluation of methods for studying the degree of assimilation of feed by animals." Agrarian science, no. 9 (November 2, 2021): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2021-352-9-25-29.

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Relevance. The activity of the digestive organs is largely determined by the feeding regime, in particular, the frequency, timeliness, and the order of feeding the feed. The digestibility of nutrients is influenced by the preparation of feed for feeding, which facilitates mechanical processing in the digestive tract and the action of digestive enzymes. Against the background of a decrease in the natural resistance of the animal body, an important aspect is the use of mineral supplements and the enrichment of diets with biologically active substances that increase the nutritional value and the
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48

Thangamani, Shankar, Ross Monasky, Jung Keun Lee, et al. "Bile Acid Regulates the Colonization and Dissemination of Candida albicans from the Gastrointestinal Tract by Controlling Host Defense System and Microbiota." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 12 (2021): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7121030.

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Candida albicans (CA), a commensal and opportunistic eukaryotic organism, frequently inhabits the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and causes life-threatening infections. Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis is a major risk factor for increased CA colonization and dissemination from the GI tract. We identified a significant increase of taurocholic acid (TCA), a major bile acid in antibiotic-treated mice susceptible to CA infection. In vivo findings indicate that administration of TCA through drinking water is sufficient to induce colonization and dissemination of CA in wild-type and immunosuppressed mi
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49

Ishaq, Suzanne L., and André-Denis G. Wright. "Design and Validation of Four New Primers for Next-Generation Sequencing To Target the 18S rRNA Genes of Gastrointestinal Ciliate Protozoa." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 17 (2014): 5515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01644-14.

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ABSTRACTFour new primers and one published primer were used to PCR amplify hypervariable regions within the protozoal 18S rRNA gene to determine which primer pair provided the best identification and statistical analysis. PCR amplicons of 394 to 498 bases were generated from three primer sets, sequenced using Roche 454 pyrosequencing with Titanium, and analyzed using the BLAST database (NCBI) and MOTHUR version 1.29. The protozoal diversity of rumen contents from moose in Alaska was assessed. In the present study, primer set 1, P-SSU-316F and GIC758R (amplicon of 482 bases), gave the best repr
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50

Rochet, Violaine, Lionel Rigottier-Gois, Florence Levenez, et al. "Modulation of Lactobacillus casei in ileal and fecal samples from healthy volunteers after consumption of a fermented milk containingLactobacillus caseiDN-114 001Rif." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 54, no. 8 (2008): 660–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w08-050.

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Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 is a probiotic strain able to interact with the immune system and to interfere with gastrointestinal pathogens. The derived strain DN-114 001Rifwas studied during its transit through the upper and distal intestine of human volunteers. Seven volunteers participated in the study, which involved intestinal intubation to sample ileal contents and collection of fecal samples, with a wash-out period of 8 days between the 2 steps. The retrieval of the probiotic was analyzed in the ileum every 2 h for 8 h following the ingestion of one dose of the test product and in the
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