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Academic literature on the topic 'Gastrointestinal diseases'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Gastrointestinal diseases"

KHAN, HAMZULLAH. "GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES;." Professional Medical Journal 15, no. 04 (March 10, 2008): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2008.15.04.2856.

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. Objectives: To determine the frequency of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases/symptoms in a tertiary care hospital of Peshawar.Methods: A Cross sectional observational study was conducted in Medical department Khyber teaching hospital Peshawar from August 2005to march 2006. A total of 189 patients with established diagnosis of any gastrointestinal disease were randomly selected. Out of total101(53.43%) were males and 88(46.56%) were females. Relevant information’s were recorded on a pre-designed questionnaire was designedin accordance with the objectives of the study. Results: The age range of the patients was from 8 years to 82 years with mean age of 47.5years. The mode age observed was 45 years. Of total sampling (43.91%) were illiterate, primary passed (24.33%), matric education (15.87%),secondary education (11.11%) and (4.76%) patients had degree level education. The gastrointestinal disease pattern was: acute peptic disease/dyspepsia (15.87%), reflux esophagitis (7.91%), duodenal ulcer (1.5%), gastric ulcer (0.5%), worm infestation (1.5%), esophageal carcinoma(0.5%) and miscellaneous in 136(71.95%) patients. The distribution of the gastrointestinal disease symptoms was: chronic diarrhea (19.04%),vomiting (12.16%), dysentery (6.34%), bleeding per rectum (5.20%), constipation (2.1%), anorexia (1.5%), dysphagia (1.10%) and multiplesymptoms were recorded in (24.33%) patients. Conclusion: acute peptic disease/dyspepsia, chronic diarrhea dysentery, reflux esophagitisare major gastro intestinal (GI) diseases in our setup. Duodenal and gastric ulcers, carcinoma of gastrointestinal tract, worms infestation,dysphagia and anorexia were not as common.

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Sanger, Gareth J. "Gastrointestinal diseases." Drug Discovery Today: Therapeutic Strategies 4, no. 3 (September 2007): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ddstr.2008.04.001.

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Daley, Tom D., and Jerrold E. Armstrong. "Oral Manifestations of Gastrointestinal Diseases." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 21, no. 4 (2007): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/952673.

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The present paper offers a detailed review of the oral manifestations of various gastrointestional diseases or conditions, with suggestions on how they may be relevant to the practice of gastroenterology. The review includes Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, Gardner syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, malabsorption conditions related to hematopoiesis, gastrointestinal malignancy metastatic to the jaws, jaundice and gastric reflux diseases.

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Kusano, Motoyasu, Hiroko Hosaka, Akiyo Kawada, Shiko Kuribayashi, Yasuyuki Shimoyama, Hiroaki Zai, Osamu Kawamura, and Masanobu Yamada. "Gastrointestinal Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Diseases." Current Pharmaceutical Design 20, no. 16 (May 31, 2014): 2775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/13816128113199990572.

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Benson, Keith G. "Reptilian gastrointestinal diseases." Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine 8, no. 2 (April 1999): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1055-937x(99)80041-3.

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Mikhail, Irene, and Hugh Sampson. "Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice 4, no. 2 (March 2016): 369–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2015.07.026.

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Austin, B. "Non-gastrointestinal diseases." Experientia 43, no. 4 (April 1987): 358–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01940403.

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Furuta, Glenn T., and Dan Atkins. "Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases." Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America 44, no. 2 (May 2024): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8561(24)00015-8.

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Arma, Utmi, and Nadhifah Salsabila. "Peri-Implant Diseases and Gastrointestinal Diseases." Archives of Orofacial Sciences 16, Supp. 1 (September 22, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/aos2021.16.s1.1.

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Peri-implant diseases are serious problems that plagues today’s dentistry, both in terms of therapy and epidemiology. With the expansion of implantology practice and the increasing number of implants placed annually, the frequency of peri-implant diseases has greatly expanded. The clinical manifestations, in the absence of a globally established classification, are peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, the counterparts of gingivitis and periodontitis, respectively. However, many doubts remain about their features. Official diagnostic criteria, globally recognised by the dental community, have not yet been introduced. The review presented possible association between gastrointestinal diseases and peri-implant diseases. Previous studies had revealed the association with significantly higher levels of bacteria in patient’s gastrointestinal disease at either gingivitis or in periodontitis site. Additionally, pathogenesis of the periodontitis is similar to peri-implant diseases.

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Ødegaard, Svein, L. B. Nesje, I. M. Ohm, and M. B. Kimmey. "Endosonography in Gastrointestinal Diseases." Acta Radiologica 40, no. 2 (March 1999): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02841859909177727.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gastrointestinal diseases"

Maestas, Melissa May. "Air pollution and gastrointestinal diseases in Utah." Thesis, The University of Utah, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10246554.

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The valleys of northern Utah, where most of Utah’s population resides, experience episodic air pollution events well in excess of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Most of the events are due to an accumulation of particulate matter during persistent cold air pools in winter from both direct emissions and secondary chemical reactions in the atmosphere. High wintertime ozone concentrations are occasionally observed in the Uintah Basin, in addition to particulate matter. At other times of the year, blowing dust, wildland fires, fireworks, and summertime ozone formation contribute to local air pollution. The objective of this dissertation is to investigate one facet of the health effects of Utah’s air pollution on its residents: the acute impacts of air pollution on gastrointestinal (GI) disease.

To study the health effects of these episodic pollution events, some measure of air pollution exposure must be matched to the health data. Time and place are used to link the health data for a person with the pollution data. This dissertation describes the method of kriging data from the sparse pollution monitoring network to estimate personal air pollution history based on the zip code of residence. This dissertation then describes the application of these exposure estimates to a health study on GI disease.

The purpose of the GI study is to retrospectively look at two groups of patients during 2000-2014: those with autoimmune disease of the GI tract (inflammatory bowel disease, IBD) and those with allergic disease of the GI tract (eosinophilic esophagitis, EoE) to determine whether disease exacerbations occur more commonly during and following periods of poor air quality compared to periods of good air quality. The primary analysis method is case crossover design. In addition to using the kriged air pollution estimates, the analysis was repeated using simpler empirical estimation methods to assess whether the odds ratios are sensitive to the air pollution estimation method.

The data suggests an association between particulate matter smaller than 2.5 microns and prednisone prescriptions, gastrointestinal infections in general, clostridium difficile infections specifically, and hospitalizations among people who have at least five entries of IBD diagnosis codes in their medical records. EoE exacerbations appear to be associated with high concentrations of particulate matter as well as ozone.

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Davis, Theresa Beatrice. "Changes in phosphatidylcholine molecular species in gastrointestinal diseases." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363871.

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Ababio, Frank James Kweku. "The endocannabinoid system in inflammatory bowel system." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020338.

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Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) constitute the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which are disorders of chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract that are associated with significant morbidity and socioeconomic burden. IBD patients with long-standing intestinal inflammation are more prone to developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Until now, none of the existing IBD treatments is able to heal the mucosal ulcerations satisfactorily. The endocannabinoid system (ECS), which comprises of endogenous cannabinoid ligands, their receptors, and metabolic enzymes, has been implicated in gut homeostasis, visceral sensation, inflammation and gastrointestinal motility. Available studies in rodent models of IBD suggest that enhancing the ECS tone may reduce inflammation and improve mucosal integrity. This evidence indicates that the components of the ECS seem well positioned to exert a protective role in IBD and also to offer a great opportunity for therapeutic exploitation. Despite the role of the ECS in the gut, the presence and function of the components of the ECS is not well characterised in human IBD. The primary aim of the study was to investigate the state of the major components of the ECS in human IBD and to establish whether IBD is associated with any changes of the components of the ECS. Cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, enzymes for endocannabinoid biosynthesis PLC, “LRAT”, NAPE-PLD and DAGL, and endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes FAAH and MAGL were analysed from colonic tissue samples of CD, UC and control patients by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to determine the relative mRNA expression of the above genes. The RT-qPCR analysis showed that the mRNA expression of PLC, LRAT, and NAPE-PLD were unchanged in both CD and UC, whiles DAGL mRNA was decreased in UC but was unchanged in CD. The endocannabinoid degradation enzymes, FAAH mRNA expression was also unchanged in CD but decreased in UC, whereas the mRNA expression of MAGL was significantly decreased in both CD and UC. NAPE-PLD/FAAH and DAGL/MAGL ratios, an estimation of the balance of AEA and 2-AG levels, showed that AEA and 2-AG levels could be increased and unchanged, respectively, in IBD. The mRNA expression of CB1 was significantly decreased in CD and UC whilst CB2 mRNA expression was unchanged in both forms of IBD. The study demonstrated that the components of the ECS which were investigated were present in colonic tissues of both IBD patients and healthy individuals, but they appear to be off balance in CD and UC patients. The decreased CB1 receptors in IBD patients could be an important modifier in the disease and could also provide a possible pathoaetiological mechanism linking IBD and CRC. Although these findings look promising, more studies with larger sample size are required to characterise the components of the ECS in human IBD.

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Georges, Jane Marie. "Distressing gastrointestinal symptoms in postmenopausal women /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7275.

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Hubball, Andrew William. "The role of humoral autoimmunity in gastrointestinal neuromuscular diseases." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1264.

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Dysfunction of the gastrointestinal neuromuscular apparatus (including interstitial cells of Cajal) is presumed to underlie a heterogeneous group of disorders collectively termed gastrointestinal neuromuscular diseases (GINMDs). Humoral (antibody)-mediated autoimmunity directed against ligand- or voltage-gated ion channels or associated proteins involved in neuromuscular transmission is associated with several acquired neuromuscular diseases of the periphery and is now implicated in an increasing number of less well-characterised diseases. Anti-channel antibodies have been reported in small numbers of patients with GINMD, particularly in those with GI dysfunction secondary to an underlying disease such as neoplasia or infection. However, little is known of humoral autoimmunity in primary GINMDs. This thesis investigated the association between anti-channel antibodies and GINMD, and the human GI tract as a potential target of anti-channel antibodies. The presence of anti-voltage- and ligand-gated antibodies was investigated in the serum of patients with primary achalasia, enteric dysmotility and intestinal pseudo-obstruction, and in those with GINMD secondary to Chagas’ disease. The functional effect of sera from some of these patients on colonic smooth muscle contractility was also characterised. Finally, the distribution of six voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKCs), which serve essential roles in the peripheral and central nervous systems and are known targets of pathological autoantibodies, were investigated in all layers of the human GI tract. Our findings suggest that currently recognised anti-channel antibodies are not a common pathogenic factor in primary GINMDs. Anti-channel antibodies, in particular anti-VGKC antibodies, were however found in a significant number of individuals with Chagas’ disease. Furthermore, circulating factors in patients with chagasic GI disease altered GI smooth muscle contractility in vitro which may have pathological relevance to GI dysfunction. VGKCs were found throughout the human GI tract, especially in enteric neurons and epithelial cells, which has significance for both normal function and in relation to the GI tract as a target organ for anti-channel autoimmunity.

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Cruz, Lebron Angelica Iris. "THE GUT MICROBIOME IN HUMAN GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES: CHRONIC OPIOID USE & INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1607681399971656.

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Ludvigsson, Jonas F. "Some epidemiological aspects of perinatal gastrointestinal disease /." Linköping : Univ, 2001. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2001/med707s.pdf.

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Lam, Kai-Yee. "A study on the role of probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on gastric mucosal damages in rats /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36432891.

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Lam, Kai-yee. "A study on the role of probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on gastric mucosal damages in rats." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37340050.

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Arn, Ingemar. "A bio-psychological analysis of functional gastrointestinal disorders and a clinical trial of its treatment using psychodrama /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3905-5/.

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Books on the topic "Gastrointestinal diseases"

A, Kelly Keith, ed. Nonmalignant gastrointestinal diseases. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1987.

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1932-, Goldman Harvey, Appleman Henry D, Kaufman Nathan 1915-, United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology. Meeting, and Long Course on Gastrointestinal Pathology (1988 : Washington, D.C.), eds. Gastrointestinal pathology. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1990.

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Ivanov, Andrei I., ed. Gastrointestinal Physiology and Diseases. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3603-8.

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J, Winawer Sidney, ed. Management of gastrointestinal diseases. New York: Gower Medical Pub., 1992.

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Coffman, Derek A. Gastrointestinal disorders. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1986.

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Coffman, Derek A. Gastrointestinal disorders. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1986.

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Peikin, Steven R. Gastrointestinal Health. New York: HarperCollins, 2005.

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Chandrasoma, Para. Gastrointestinal pathology. Stamford, Conn: Appleton & Lange, 1999.

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Rusheng, Chew, ed. Gastrointestinal system. 4th ed. Edinburgh: Elsevier, 2013.

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1953-, Goldberg Kathy E., and Springhouse Corporation, eds. Gastrointestinal problems. Springhouse, Pa: Springhouse Corp., 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gastrointestinal diseases"

Wolman, Benjamin B. "Gastrointestinal Diseases." In Psychosomatic Disorders, 111–31. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5520-5_14.

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Goldmeier, David, and Simon Barton. "Gastrointestinal Diseases." In Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 56–66. London: Springer London, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1432-1_7.

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El-Radhi, A. Sahib, Steve Gregson, Navreet Paul, Asad Rahman, and John Spicer. "Gastrointestinal diseases." In Essential Paediatrics in Primary Care, 128–53. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781846199660-8.

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Reddy, Amulya. "Gastrointestinal Diseases." In Handbook of Refugee Health, 290–92. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429464874-11-4.

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Wright, Scott H., and William H. Lipshutz. "Gastrointestinal Diseases." In Over 55, 197–213. New York: Psychology Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315792651-12.

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Stepanov, Alexandr, Marcela Kopacova, Ilja Tacheci, Marie Burova, and Petr Hulek. "Gastrointestinal Diseases." In Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Diseases, 127–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58592-0_4.

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Brooks, D., and E. M. Dunbar. "Gastrointestinal Infections." In Infectious Diseases, 119–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4133-5_8.

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Gong, Yuna, Hanlin L. Wang, and Sergei Tatishchev. "Appendiceal Diseases." In Practical Gastrointestinal Pathology, 167–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51268-2_8.

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Joneja, Upasana, and Jinru Shia. "Anal Diseases." In Practical Gastrointestinal Pathology, 195–221. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51268-2_9.

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Hong, Sung Noh. "Anorectal Diseases." In Clinical Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 561–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4995-8_24.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gastrointestinal diseases"

Mohseni, Kamran. "A Steerable Mechanism for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy." In ASME 2007 2nd Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2007-38048.

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Gastrointestinal (GI) disease affects millions of people worldwide and costs billions of dollars annually. Because the symptoms of GI diseases are often vague, physicians are often presented with gastrointestinal disease in advanced stages. Because conventional endoscopes often cannot reach all the way through the 20-foot small bowel, exploratory surgery previously was necessary to enable physicians to complete their diagnosis.

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Pogorelov, Konstantin, Michael Riegler, Pal Halvorsen, Peter Thelin Schmidt, Carsten Griwodz, Dag Johansen, Sigrun Losada Eskeland, and Thomas De Lange. "GPU-Accelerated Real-Time Gastrointestinal Diseases Detection." In 2016 IEEE 29th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cbms.2016.63.

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Timerbaeva, R. R., A. R. Shageeva, and G. S. Frolov. "GASTROINTESTINAL STRONGYLATOSIS OF HORSES." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6048555-6-0.2023.24.470-474.

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The epizootic situation was studied on gastrointestinal strongylatosis of horses in Sosna, LLC of the Baltasinsky District, the Republic of Tatarstan. The study objects were horses of different age groups, breeds, and sexes, spontaneously infected by nematodes. Coproscopic studies were carried out by the modified helminthovoscopic Kotelnikov-Khrenov method with ammonium nitrate and the helmintholarvoscopic Shilnikov method. The generic assignment of pathogens of gastrointestinal strongylatosis of horses was determined by cultivating nematode larvae belonging to the Strongylata suborder. As a result of the coproscopic studies, it was found that horses of different age groups were invaded by pathogens of gastrointestinal strongylatosis. In December 2021, 30 horses were tested for helminthiasis. The results of the studies showed that 20 out of 30 animals had gastrointestinal Strongylata infections with 66.7% extense-invasiveness, and the intense-invasiveness of 1 to 37 egg specimens in the field of view. The remaining 10 horses were free of helminths. The studies indicate that the examination of the horses in Sosna, LLC detected intestinal nematodiasis the causative agents of which were nematodes of the Strongylata suborder, the genus Triсhonema. Thus, widespread parasitic diseases of horses on the farm were gastrointestinal strongylatosis, in particular trichonematosis.

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Varalaxmi, Guduru, Sahithi Reddy Baddam, Emmanuel Suhas Yalamarthi, K. Swaraja, K. Reddy Madhavi, and Cn Sujatha. "Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Diseases Using Modern CNN Techniques." In 2023 IEEE 8th International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2ct57861.2023.10126259.

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Ananiev, Alexey Nikolaevich, and Nikolay Nikolaevich Ananiev. "Dental diseases and gastrointestinal tract patology in children." In XLV международная научно-практическая конференция «Современная медицина: новые подходы и актуальные исследования». Internauka, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32743/25419854.2021.2.41.251100.

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Wong, Wan Ni, Yit Khee Wong, and Weng Howe Chan. "Classification of Gastrointestinal Diseases Using Deep Transfer Learning." In 2022 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Cybernetics Technology & Applications (ICICyTA). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicyta57421.2022.10038047.

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Möller, J., E. Raskopf, O. Greinert, G. Zadoyan, S. Schleicher, K. Shah-Hosseini, T. Wegener, et al. "STW 5 in 1515 patients with functional gastrointestinal diseases." In 67th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA) in cooperation with the French Society of Pharmacognosy AFERP. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3400131.

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Srivastava, Aman, Saurav Sengupta, Sung-Jun Kang, Karan Kant, Marium Khan, S. Asad Ali, Sean R. Moore, et al. "Deep Learning for Detecting Diseases in Gastrointestinal Biopsy Images." In 2019 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sieds.2019.8735619.

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Gupta, Dev, Gaurish Anand, Prince Kirar, and Priyanka Meel. "Classification of Endoscopic Images and Identification of Gastrointestinal diseases." In 2022 International Conference on Machine Learning, Big Data, Cloud and Parallel Computing (COM-IT-CON). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/com-it-con54601.2022.9850571.

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Chang, Yuan, Zixuan Huang, Weizhao Chen, and Qiwei Shen. "Gastrointestinal Tract Diseases Detection with Deep Attention Neural Network." In MM '19: The 27th ACM International Conference on Multimedia. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3343031.3356061.

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Reports on the topic "Gastrointestinal diseases"

Yu, Miao, Hong Yu, and Jianrong Li. Effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine enema in the recovery of gastrointestinal function in the abdominal surgical treatment of digestive system diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.6.0039.

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Kanner, Joseph, Mark Richards, Ron Kohen, and Reed Jess. Improvement of quality and nutritional value of muscle foods. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7591735.bard.

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Food is an essential to our existence but under certain conditions it could become the origin to the accumulative health damages. Technological processes as heating, chopping, mincing, grounding, promote the lipid oxidation process in muscle tissues and meat foodstuffs. Lipid oxidation occurred rapidly in turkey muscle, intermediate in duck, and slowest in chicken during frozen storage. Depletion of tocopherol during frozen storage was more rapid in turkey and duck compared to chicken. These processes developed from lipid peroxides produce many cytotoxic compounds including malondialdehyde (MDA). The muscle tissue is further oxidized in stomach conditions producing additional cytotoxic compounds. Oxidized lipids that are formed during digestion of a meal possess the potential to promote reactions that incur vascular diseases. A grape seed extract (1% of the meat weight) and butylated hydroxytoluene (0.2% of the lipid weight) were each effective at preventing formation of lipid oxidation products for 3 hours during co-incubation with cooked turkey meat in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). Polyphenols in the human diet, as an integral part of the meal prevent the generation and absorption of cytotoxic compounds and the destruction of essential nutrients, eg. antioxidants vitamins during the meal. Polyphenols act as antioxidants in the gastrointestinal tract; they scavenge free radicals and may interact with reactive carbonyls, enzymes and proteins. These all reactions results in decreasing the absorption of reactive carbonyls and possible other cytotoxic compounds into the plasma. Consumptions of diet high in fat and red meat are contributory risk factors partly due to an increase production of cytotoxic oxidized lipid products eg. MDA. However, the simultaneously consumption of polyphenols rich foods reduce these factors. Locating the biological site of action of polyphenols in the in the gastrointestinal tract may explain the paradox between the protective effect of a highly polyphenols rich diet and the low bioavailability of these molecules in human plasma. It may also explain the "French paradox" and the beneficial effect of Mediterranean and Japanese diets, in which food products with high antioxidants content such as polyphenols are consumed during the meal.

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Newman-Toker, David E., Susan M. Peterson, Shervin Badihian, Ahmed Hassoon, Najlla Nassery, Donna Parizadeh, Lisa M. Wilson, et al. Diagnostic Errors in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer258.

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Objectives. Diagnostic errors are a known patient safety concern across all clinical settings, including the emergency department (ED). We conducted a systematic review to determine the most frequent diseases and clinical presentations associated with diagnostic errors (and resulting harms) in the ED, measure error and harm frequency, as well as assess causal factors. Methods. We searched PubMed®, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL®), and Embase® from January 2000 through September 2021. We included research studies and targeted grey literature reporting diagnostic errors or misdiagnosis-related harms in EDs in the United States or other developed countries with ED care deemed comparable by a technical expert panel. We applied standard definitions for diagnostic errors, misdiagnosis-related harms (adverse events), and serious harms (permanent disability or death). Preventability was determined by original study authors or differences in harms across groups. Two reviewers independently screened search results for eligibility; serially extracted data regarding common diseases, error/harm rates, and causes/risk factors; and independently assessed risk of bias of included studies. We synthesized results for each question and extrapolated U.S. estimates. We present 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs) or plausible range (PR) bounds, as appropriate. Results. We identified 19,127 citations and included 279 studies. The top 15 clinical conditions associated with serious misdiagnosis-related harms (accounting for 68% [95% CI 66 to 71] of serious harms) were (1) stroke, (2) myocardial infarction, (3) aortic aneurysm and dissection, (4) spinal cord compression and injury, (5) venous thromboembolism, (6/7 – tie) meningitis and encephalitis, (6/7 – tie) sepsis, (8) lung cancer, (9) traumatic brain injury and traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, (10) arterial thromboembolism, (11) spinal and intracranial abscess, (12) cardiac arrhythmia, (13) pneumonia, (14) gastrointestinal perforation and rupture, and (15) intestinal obstruction. Average disease-specific error rates ranged from 1.5 percent (myocardial infarction) to 56 percent (spinal abscess), with additional variation by clinical presentation (e.g., missed stroke average 17%, but 4% for weakness and 40% for dizziness/vertigo). There was also wide, superimposed variation by hospital (e.g., missed myocardial infarction 0% to 29% across hospitals within a single study). An estimated 5.7 percent (95% CI 4.4 to 7.1) of all ED visits had at least one diagnostic error. Estimated preventable adverse event rates were as follows: any harm severity (2.0%, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.6), any serious harms (0.3%, PR 0.1 to 0.7), and deaths (0.2%, PR 0.1 to 0.4). While most disease-specific error rates derived from mainly U.S.-based studies, overall error and harm rates were derived from three prospective studies conducted outside the United States (in Canada, Spain, and Switzerland, with combined n=1,758). If overall rates are generalizable to all U.S. ED visits (130 million, 95% CI 116 to 144), this would translate to 7.4 million (PR 5.1 to 10.2) ED diagnostic errors annually; 2.6 million (PR 1.1 to 5.2) diagnostic adverse events with preventable harms; and 371,000 (PR 142,000 to 909,000) serious misdiagnosis-related harms, including more than 100,000 permanent, high-severity disabilities and 250,000 deaths. Although errors were often multifactorial, 89 percent (95% CI 88 to 90) of diagnostic error malpractice claims involved failures of clinical decision-making or judgment, regardless of the underlying disease present. Key process failures were errors in diagnostic assessment, test ordering, and test interpretation. Most often these were attributed to inadequate knowledge, skills, or reasoning, particularly in “atypical” or otherwise subtle case presentations. Limitations included use of malpractice claims and incident reports for distribution of diseases leading to serious harms, reliance on a small number of non-U.S. studies for overall (disease-agnostic) diagnostic error and harm rates, and methodologic variability across studies in measuring disease-specific rates, determining preventability, and assessing causal factors. Conclusions. Although estimated ED error rates are low (and comparable to those found in other clinical settings), the number of patients potentially impacted is large. Not all diagnostic errors or harms are preventable, but wide variability in diagnostic error rates across diseases, symptoms, and hospitals suggests improvement is possible. With 130 million U.S. ED visits, estimated rates for diagnostic error (5.7%), misdiagnosis-related harms (2.0%), and serious misdiagnosis-related harms (0.3%) could translate to more than 7 million errors, 2.5 million harms, and 350,000 patients suffering potentially preventable permanent disability or death. Over two-thirds of serious harms are attributable to just 15 diseases and linked to cognitive errors, particularly in cases with “atypical” manifestations. Scalable solutions to enhance bedside diagnostic processes are needed, and these should target the most commonly misdiagnosed clinical presentations of key diseases causing serious harms. New studies should confirm overall rates are representative of current U.S.-based ED practice and focus on identified evidence gaps (errors among common diseases with lower-severity harms, pediatric ED errors and harms, dynamic systems factors such as overcrowding, and false positives). Policy changes to consider based on this review include: (1) standardizing measurement and research results reporting to maximize comparability of measures of diagnostic error and misdiagnosis-related harms; (2) creating a National Diagnostic Performance Dashboard to track performance; and (3) using multiple policy levers (e.g., research funding, public accountability, payment reforms) to facilitate the rapid development and deployment of solutions to address this critically important patient safety concern.

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Peters, Allison. Vitamin D Status in Gastrointestinal Disease and Hepatic Disorders. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-1592.

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Mau, Kianna J., and Nafisa M. Jadavji. A New Perspective on Parkinson’s Disease: Pathology Begins in the Gastrointestinal Tract. Journal of Young Investigators, September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22186/jyi.33.4.63-70.

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Lamont, Susan J., E. Dan Heller, and Avigdor Cahaner. Prediction of Immunocompetence and Resistance to Disease by Using Molecular Markers of the Major Histocompatibility Complex. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568780.bard.

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This project utilized two live-animal populations in an integrated research program to identify molecular markers for immune response and disease resistance. The populations each had their foundation from meat-type commercial breeder chicken lines of their respective countries. Investigations effectively used unique availability of resources in each country to study commercial-type environments in Israel and line-crosses with diverse inbred lines in the US. Two bacterial systems were investigated to cover both respiratory and gastrointestinal, and primary and secondary, infections. Individual experimental groups of animals were evaluated for combinations of vaccine antibody levels, response to pathogen challenge, growth parameters, genetic background and molecular markers. The positive association of antibody level with resistance to disease was confirmed. Effectiveness of genetic selection for vaccine antibody response level was demonstrated. Molecular markers, both inside and outside the MHC region, were associated with antibody response and resistance to disease. Markers were shown to have a generalized effect, by association with multiple traits of immune response and disease resistance. The impact of genetic background on marker effect was shown to be important. The overall results demonstrate the effectiveness of selection on vaccine antibody response and the potential of molecular marker-assisted selection to improve efficiency of production of meat-type chickens by reducing genetic susceptibility to disease.

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Ni, Jiachun, Qiong Jiang, Gang Mao, Yi Yang, Qin Wei, Changcheng Hou, Xiangdong Yang, Wenbin Fan, and Zengjin Cai. The effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for constipation associated with Parkinson’s disease: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0091.

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Review question / Objective: Is acupuncture a safe and effective therapy for constipation associated with Parkinson’s disease? Our aim is to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for constipation associated with PD and give guidance to future research direction. Condition being studied: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent degenerative disease of nervous system characterized mainly by static tremor, bradykinesia, myotonia, postural gait disorders and other non-motor symptoms. According to variations on race, ethnicity, age and sex, the incidence of PD ranges from 8 to 20.5 per 100, 000 individuals annually. One global research shows that there were 6.1 million individuals suffer from PD in 2016 and will be 12 million patients around the world. According to several outcomes of case-control studies, the prevalence of constipation in PD varies from 28% to 61%. Constipation, as a common gastrointestinal disease which refers to the clinical presentation of reduced spontaneous complete bowel movement, dyschezia, feeling of incomplete defecation and outlet obstruction, is demonstrated to antedate the motor symptom and it's severity is related to the progression of PD. Acupuncture has been proved to act on the pathogenesis of constipation associated with PD. The proposed systematic review we're about to present is the first advanced evidence-based medical evidence in this area.

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Peng, Ciyan, Jing Chen, Sini Li, and Jianhe Li. Comparative Efficacy of Chinese Herbal Injections Combined Western medicine for Non-small cell lung cancer: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.11.0068.

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Review question / Objective: Advanced lung cancer has become the top malignant tumor in terms of morbidity and mortality, and Chinese herbal injections combined with western drugs have been widely used to treat advanced non-small cell lung cancer. For this purpose, we conducted a Bayesian network analysis to systematically evaluate the efficacy of different herbal injections combined with western drugs in the treatment of NSCLC. Subjects: Patients diagnosed with NSCLC by pathological or cytological examination, locally advanced or those who refused surgical treatment were included, regardless of gender, age, stage, race, nationality and sample size; Interventions: Chinese herbal injections combined with three types of commonly used western drugs (platinum, targeted and immune agents) were used in the experimental group, while the control group was treated with western drugs alone; Study type: to report the efficacy of Chinese herbal injections combined with western drugs in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer efficacy in a randomized controlled trial (rct) Eligible. No restrictions were imposed on language, year of publication, or publication status. Ending indicators: Main ending indicators: (1) disease control rate (DCR), DCR = (complete remission + partial remission + stable)/total number of cases. Efficacy rate = (number of improvement cases + number of stable cases)/total number of cases. (2) Secondary outcome indicators: quality of life, determined according to the KPS behavioral status scale, improvement was defined as an increase of ≥10 points in KPS score after treatment; stability was defined as an increase or decrease of <10 points in KPS score; decline was defined as a decrease of ≥10 points in KPS score. (3) The incidence of adverse reactions, including gastrointestinal reactions, white blood cell (WBC) reduction, hemoglobin (HGB) reduction, platelet (PLT) reduction, etc.

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Uni, Zehava, and Peter Ferket. Enhancement of development of broilers and poults by in ovo feeding. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695878.bard.

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The specific objectives of this research were the study of the physical and nutritional properties of the In Ovo Feeding (IOF) solution (i.e. theosmostic properties and the carbohydrate: protein ratio composition). Then, using the optimal solution for determining its effect on hatchability, early nutritional status and intestinal development of broilers and turkey during the last quarter of incubation through to 7 days post-hatch (i.e. pre-post hatch period) by using molecular, biochemical and histological tools. The objective for the last research phase was the determination of the effect of in ovo feeding on growth performance and economically valuable production traits of broiler and turkey flocks reared under practical commercial conditions. The few days before- and- after hatch is a critical period for the development and survival of commercial broilers and turkeys. During this period chicks make the metabolic and physiological transition from egg nutriture (i.e. yolk) to exogenous feed. Late-term embryos and hatchlings may suffer a low glycogen status, especially when oxygen availability to the embryo is limited by low egg conductance or poor incubator ventilation. Much of the glycogen reserve in the late-term chicken embryo is utilized for hatching. Subsequently, the chick must rebuild that glycogen reserve by gluconeogenesis from body protein (mostly from the breast muscle) to support post-hatch thermoregulation and survival until the chicks are able to consume and utilize dietary nutrients. Immediately post-hatch, the chick draws from its limited body reserves and undergoes rapid physical and functional development of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in order to digest feed and assimilate nutrients. Because the intestine is the nutrient primary supply organ, the sooner it achieves this functional capacity, the sooner the young bird can utilize dietary nutrients and efficiently grow at its genetic potential and resist infectious and metabolic disease. Feeding the embryo when they consume the amniotic fluid (IOF idea and method) showed accelerated enteric development and elevated capacity to digest nutrients. By injecting a feeding solution into the embryonic amnion, the embryo naturally consume supplemental nutrients orally before hatching. This stimulates intestinal development to start earlier as was exhibited by elevated gene expression of several functional genes (brush border enzymes an transporters , elvated surface area, elevated mucin production . Moreover, supplying supplemental nutrients at a critical developmental stage by this in ovo feeding technology improves the hatchling’s nutritional status. In comparison to controls, administration of 1 ml of in ovo feeding solution, containing dextrin, maltose, sucrose and amino acids, into the amnion of the broiler embryo increased dramatically total liver glycogen in broilers and in turkeys in the pre-hatch period. In addition, an elevated relative breast muscle size (% of broiler BW) was observed in IOF chicks to be 6.5% greater at hatch and 7 days post-hatch in comparison to controls. Experiment have shown that IOF broilers and turkeys increased hatchling weights by 3% to 7% (P<0.05) over non injected controls. These responses depend upon the strain, the breeder hen age and in ovo feed composition. The weight advantage observed during the first week after hatch was found to be sustained at least through 35 days of age. Currently, research is done in order to adopt the knowledge for commercial practice.

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