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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gastrointestinal diseases'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Maestas, Melissa May. "Air pollution and gastrointestinal diseases in Utah." Thesis, The University of Utah, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10246554.

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The valleys of northern Utah, where most of Utah’s population resides, experience episodic air pollution events well in excess of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Most of the events are due to an accumulation of particulate matter during persistent cold air pools in winter from both direct emissions and secondary chemical reactions in the atmosphere. High wintertime ozone concentrations are occasionally observed in the Uintah Basin, in addition to particulate matter. At other times of the year, blowing dust, wildland fires, fireworks, and summertime ozone formation contribute to local air pollution. The objective of this dissertation is to investigate one facet of the health effects of Utah’s air pollution on its residents: the acute impacts of air pollution on gastrointestinal (GI) disease.

To study the health effects of these episodic pollution events, some measure of air pollution exposure must be matched to the health data. Time and place are used to link the health data for a person with the pollution data. This dissertation describes the method of kriging data from the sparse pollution monitoring network to estimate personal air pollution history based on the zip code of residence. This dissertation then describes the application of these exposure estimates to a health study on GI disease.

The purpose of the GI study is to retrospectively look at two groups of patients during 2000-2014: those with autoimmune disease of the GI tract (inflammatory bowel disease, IBD) and those with allergic disease of the GI tract (eosinophilic esophagitis, EoE) to determine whether disease exacerbations occur more commonly during and following periods of poor air quality compared to periods of good air quality. The primary analysis method is case crossover design. In addition to using the kriged air pollution estimates, the analysis was repeated using simpler empirical estimation methods to assess whether the odds ratios are sensitive to the air pollution estimation method.

The data suggests an association between particulate matter smaller than 2.5 microns and prednisone prescriptions, gastrointestinal infections in general, clostridium difficile infections specifically, and hospitalizations among people who have at least five entries of IBD diagnosis codes in their medical records. EoE exacerbations appear to be associated with high concentrations of particulate matter as well as ozone.

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2

Davis, Theresa Beatrice. "Changes in phosphatidylcholine molecular species in gastrointestinal diseases." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363871.

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3

Ababio, Frank James Kweku. "The endocannabinoid system in inflammatory bowel system." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020338.

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Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) constitute the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which are disorders of chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract that are associated with significant morbidity and socioeconomic burden. IBD patients with long-standing intestinal inflammation are more prone to developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Until now, none of the existing IBD treatments is able to heal the mucosal ulcerations satisfactorily. The endocannabinoid system (ECS), which comprises of endogenous cannabinoid ligands, their receptors, and metabolic enzymes, has been implicated in gut homeostasis, visceral sensation, inflammation and gastrointestinal motility. Available studies in rodent models of IBD suggest that enhancing the ECS tone may reduce inflammation and improve mucosal integrity. This evidence indicates that the components of the ECS seem well positioned to exert a protective role in IBD and also to offer a great opportunity for therapeutic exploitation. Despite the role of the ECS in the gut, the presence and function of the components of the ECS is not well characterised in human IBD. The primary aim of the study was to investigate the state of the major components of the ECS in human IBD and to establish whether IBD is associated with any changes of the components of the ECS. Cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, enzymes for endocannabinoid biosynthesis PLC, “LRAT”, NAPE-PLD and DAGL, and endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes FAAH and MAGL were analysed from colonic tissue samples of CD, UC and control patients by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to determine the relative mRNA expression of the above genes. The RT-qPCR analysis showed that the mRNA expression of PLC, LRAT, and NAPE-PLD were unchanged in both CD and UC, whiles DAGL mRNA was decreased in UC but was unchanged in CD. The endocannabinoid degradation enzymes, FAAH mRNA expression was also unchanged in CD but decreased in UC, whereas the mRNA expression of MAGL was significantly decreased in both CD and UC. NAPE-PLD/FAAH and DAGL/MAGL ratios, an estimation of the balance of AEA and 2-AG levels, showed that AEA and 2-AG levels could be increased and unchanged, respectively, in IBD. The mRNA expression of CB1 was significantly decreased in CD and UC whilst CB2 mRNA expression was unchanged in both forms of IBD. The study demonstrated that the components of the ECS which were investigated were present in colonic tissues of both IBD patients and healthy individuals, but they appear to be off balance in CD and UC patients. The decreased CB1 receptors in IBD patients could be an important modifier in the disease and could also provide a possible pathoaetiological mechanism linking IBD and CRC. Although these findings look promising, more studies with larger sample size are required to characterise the components of the ECS in human IBD.

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4

Georges, Jane Marie. "Distressing gastrointestinal symptoms in postmenopausal women /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7275.

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5

Hubball, Andrew William. "The role of humoral autoimmunity in gastrointestinal neuromuscular diseases." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1264.

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Dysfunction of the gastrointestinal neuromuscular apparatus (including interstitial cells of Cajal) is presumed to underlie a heterogeneous group of disorders collectively termed gastrointestinal neuromuscular diseases (GINMDs). Humoral (antibody)-mediated autoimmunity directed against ligand- or voltage-gated ion channels or associated proteins involved in neuromuscular transmission is associated with several acquired neuromuscular diseases of the periphery and is now implicated in an increasing number of less well-characterised diseases. Anti-channel antibodies have been reported in small numbers of patients with GINMD, particularly in those with GI dysfunction secondary to an underlying disease such as neoplasia or infection. However, little is known of humoral autoimmunity in primary GINMDs. This thesis investigated the association between anti-channel antibodies and GINMD, and the human GI tract as a potential target of anti-channel antibodies. The presence of anti-voltage- and ligand-gated antibodies was investigated in the serum of patients with primary achalasia, enteric dysmotility and intestinal pseudo-obstruction, and in those with GINMD secondary to Chagas’ disease. The functional effect of sera from some of these patients on colonic smooth muscle contractility was also characterised. Finally, the distribution of six voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKCs), which serve essential roles in the peripheral and central nervous systems and are known targets of pathological autoantibodies, were investigated in all layers of the human GI tract. Our findings suggest that currently recognised anti-channel antibodies are not a common pathogenic factor in primary GINMDs. Anti-channel antibodies, in particular anti-VGKC antibodies, were however found in a significant number of individuals with Chagas’ disease. Furthermore, circulating factors in patients with chagasic GI disease altered GI smooth muscle contractility in vitro which may have pathological relevance to GI dysfunction. VGKCs were found throughout the human GI tract, especially in enteric neurons and epithelial cells, which has significance for both normal function and in relation to the GI tract as a target organ for anti-channel autoimmunity.

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6

Cruz, Lebron Angelica Iris. "THE GUT MICROBIOME IN HUMAN GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES: CHRONIC OPIOID USE & INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1607681399971656.

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7

Ludvigsson, Jonas F. "Some epidemiological aspects of perinatal gastrointestinal disease /." Linköping : Univ, 2001. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2001/med707s.pdf.

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8

Lam, Kai-Yee. "A study on the role of probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on gastric mucosal damages in rats /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36432891.

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9

Lam, Kai-yee. "A study on the role of probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on gastric mucosal damages in rats." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37340050.

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10

Arn, Ingemar. "A bio-psychological analysis of functional gastrointestinal disorders and a clinical trial of its treatment using psychodrama /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3905-5/.

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11

Chakder, Sushanta K. "Studies on the release and degradation of vasoactive peptides in the gut wall." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304966.

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12

Millson, Charles Edward. "Photodynamic therapy for the treatment of helicobacter pylori infection." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281686.

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13

Nijhuis, Anke. "Roles of microRNAs in diseases of the human gastrointestinal tract." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2015. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/9547.

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Crohn's disease (CD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are major disorders of the intestine. Inflammation in CD often precedes fibrosis and stricture formation, and is linked to increased cancer risk. Hypoxia is a common feature of inflammation and CRC that can severely compromise the effectiveness of current therapy regimes including chemo-radiotherapy and maintenance of remission in CD patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulatory molecules involved in cellular proliferation, apoptosis and fibrosis, which are all modulated by hypoxia. This thesis aims to understand the role of miRNAs in these two intestinal diseases. Microarray profiling identified differentially expressed miRNA in the intestinal mucosa overlying strictured and non-strictured CD tissue samples and in six CRC cell lines cultured in hypoxic conditions compared to normoxia. Validation experiments using qRT-PCR confirmed the differential expression of miR-29a, -29b, -29c, -34a, -493* and -708 in CD mucosa and miR-21, -210, -30d, -320a, -320b and -320c in CRC cell lines. Functionally, over-expression of miR-29b in CD intestinal fibroblasts modulated the down-regulation of collagen I and III transcripts and collagen III protein in a TGF-β-dependent manner. Furthermore, miR-29b induced indirectly the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 via the cytokines IL-6 and IL-8. A positive correlation between miR-210 and the hypoxia marker CAIX was found in CRC tissue in vivo. Furthermore, HCT116 cells cultured under hypoxia were more resistant to the chemotherapy drug 5-FU than cells grown under normoxia. Knockdown of miR-21 or miR-30d under hypoxia may sensitise CRC cells to 5-FU. CRC cell lines grown under hypoxic conditions present an altered cellular metabolic profile compared to their normoxic counterparts. This thesis has showed that critical miRNAs have a functional role in the progression of two important diseases of the intestine. The work presented highlights the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets to improve the clinical management of patients with digestive diseases.

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14

Ghazani, Maryam. "The relationship between temperature and infectious gastrointestinal diseases in Queensland, Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/196758/1/Maryam_Ghazani_Thesis.pdf.

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This research examined trends in gastrointestinal infections in tropical and subtropical regions over an 11-year period in Queensland. Higher rates were confirmed of Campylobacter and Salmonella GI infections in tropical than in temperate regions with rates increasing over time in both regions and an increased relative risk when the mean daily temperature exceeded temperature thresholds. The increased risk continued for up to 5 days after the index "heat" day, but the maximum effect was observed two days after the heat event. However, a significant association between heatwaves and GI infections in a same time period could not be identified.

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15

Thomas, Julian Edward. "Helicobacter pylori infection in childhood." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300216.

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16

Hair-Bejo, Mohd. "Gastrointestinal response to copper excess : studies on copper (and zinc) loaded rats." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303681.

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17

Keefe, Dorothy Mary Kate. "The effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy on the mucosa of the small intestine /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdk26.pdf.

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18

Mitchell, Belinda Michon Hall. "Restriction endonuclease analysis of chromosomal DNA from campylobacter and helicobacter organisms." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25220.

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19

Lam, Kai-yee, and 林佳儀. "A study on the role of probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on gastricmucosal damages in rats." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37340050.

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20

Chan, Rebeca, and 陳懿雯. "A systematic review on the effectiveness of the first-line treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in H. pylori infected patients." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47559895.

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Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) had been confirmed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as Group 1 carcinogens, in which it has been identified to be related with the development of gastric carcinoma. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is less commonly found in Asia, while the number of H.pylori infection is considerably to be higher than that of the Western population. The relationship between H.pylori and GERD still remains ambiguous nowadays. One of the contributing factors affecting the level of gastric secretion might be due to the genetic cause. The aim of this review is to assess whether the current first-line therapy on GERD would be effective or not in relieving the symptoms of the patients with H.pylori infection.
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Community Medicine
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Master of Public Health

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21

Revitt, David. "Characterization of a haemolysin from Serpulina hyodysenteriae." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333432.

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22

Mackenzie, Michelle Lee. "Protein synthesis in a piglet model of gastrointestinal inflammation and malnutrition." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31265.

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A piglet model of gastrointestinal inflammation (INF) and protein energy malnutrition (PEM) was developed to determine the mechanisms responsible for growth retardation and muscle wasting during inflammatory stress. Acute PEM decreased liver and plasma protein fractional synthesis rates (FSR), measured by stable isotope (2H3-leucine) incorporation. Conversely, both rates increased during PEM+INF at the expense of growth and muscle FSR. INF increased plasma protein synthesis by 77% in PEM without increasing its plasma concentration, demonstrating that the measurement of plasma protein concentration alone underestimates the metabolic impact of INF. INF during PEM results in a re-prioritization of amino acids from muscle protein synthesis and growth to hepatic synthesis of plasma proteins to support the acute phase response. This underscores the critical role of adequate protein-energy nutrition during inflammation in preventing muscle wasting and growth failure. This new piglet model can be applied to investigate nutritional and therapeutic interventions in inflammatory bowel disease.

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23

Cavin, Jean-Baptiste. "Gastrointestinal plasticity in health and diseases : what we have learned from bariatric surgeries." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC143/document.

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Aujourd’hui, face à l’épidémie d’obésité, de plus en plus de personnes ont recours à la chirurgie bariatrique, qui permet une perte de poids importante et une amélioration des conditions métaboliques associées à l’obésité. L’adaptation gastro-intestinale après la chirurgie et ses conséquences métaboliques sont cependant peu connues. Nous avons développé des modèles murins de bypass gastriques et de gastrectomie longitudinale (sleeve) et nous avons caractérisé l’adaptation morphologique et fonctionnelle de l’épithélium gastro-intestinal après ces chirurgies afin de comprendre l’origine des améliorations métaboliques. Nous avons montré que l’estomac était remodelé après les deux chirurgies, suggérant une augmentation de la production acide par les cellules pariétales et une altération de la production de gastrine et de ghréline. Après le bypass, l’anse alimentaire était hyperplasique et la consommation intestinale de glucose était augmentée chez le rat et l’homme; après la sleeve, l’absorption de glucose lors du repas était diminuée. De plus, l’augmentation du nombre de cellules entéroendocrines observée après le bypass, et l’augmentation de leur densité après la sleeve pourraient participer à l’hypersécrétion des hormones incrétines. L’ensemble de ces mécanismes pourrait contribuer à améliorer le contrôle de la glycémie. Enfin, le mini-bypass chez le rat a induit une malabsorption protéique et des fuites énergétiques majeures qui n’étaient pas compensées par l’hyperplasie intestinale ou l’augmentation de l’expression des transporteurs de peptides. Cette thèse montre l’importance du tractus gastro-intestinal dans les conséquences métaboliques de la chirurgie bariatrique
In today’s global epidemic of obesity, more and more people are undergoing bariatric surgery, which is the best known treatment available to lose weight and treat obesity-associated diseases. Yet, little is known about gastrointestinal (GI) adaptation and its metabolic consequences after surgery. We developed original models of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), mini-bypass (MGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) in rats, and we characterized the morphological and functional adaptations of the GI epithelium after these surgeries in order to understand the origin of the observed metabolic improvements. We reported profound changes in the remaining gastric mucosa of rats having undergone RYGB and VSG, suggesting an increase in acid production by parietal cells and an impaired production of gastrin and ghrelin. In RYGB rats and patients, the alimentary limb was hyperplasic and intestinal glucose consumption was increased. After VSG, the absorption of glucose during meals appeared diminished. These adaptations could participate in the lowering of blood glucose after surgery. In addition, the increased number of enteroendocrine cells observed in RYGB rats and patients, and their increased density in VSG rats, could contribute to the higher secretion of incretin hormone and improved glycemic control in operated individuals. Finally, we demonstrated in rats that the MGB was more malabsorptive than the RYGB. Indeed, we observed an increased fecal loss of nitrogen and energy despite intestinal overgrowth and higher expression of peptide transporters. This thesis brings new insight to the role of the GI tract in the metabolic outcomes of bariatric surgeries

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24

Nordenvall, Caroline. "Aspects of the etiology and survival of lower gastrointestinal cancers." Stockholm, 2010. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2010/978-91-7409-813-6/.

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25

Brooke, Matthew A. "The genetic and functional basis of three inherited cutaneous and gastrointestinal diseases in humans." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/7932.

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This thesis describes investigations into the genetic basis and pathophysiology of three distinct inherited diseases in humans, two of which are strongly associated to the function of the ectodomain sheddase enzyme ADAM17. The first of these is a novel inherited syndrome of neonatal onset inflammatory skin and bowel disease, which is associated in a consanguineous family with homozygous loss-offunction mutations in ADAM17. This thesis describes investigations of the expression and function of ADAM17 – and downstream proteins it regulates – in an individual affected by this disease. This is accompanied by genetic investigations into other individuals suspected of suffering from the same syndrome. The second investigated disease is Tylosis with Oesophageal Cancer (TOC), an inherited cutaneous disease which represents the only known syndrome of familial oesophageal cancer susceptibility. This disease was associated to dominantly inherited mutations in the Rhomboid protein iRHOM2. This work describes investigations of immortalised keratinocyte cell lines and tissues derived from TOC-affected individuals, and illustrates that the pathogenesis of TOC is characterised by increased iRHOM2-dependent activation and activity of ADAM17, and upregulation of the shedding of ADAM17 substrates, particularly in the EGFR ligand family, accompanied by increased desmosome turnover and transglutaminase 1 activity. This pattern of upregulation results in attendant increases in growth factor signalling, proliferation and motility in TOC keratinocytes, dependent on ADAM17. The third focus of this thesis is a life-threatening inherited gastrointestinal disease (accompanied by severe extraintestinal complications) whose symptoms correspond to Cryptogenic Multifocal Ulcerative Stenosing Enteritis. This work describes the identification of mutations in cytosolic phospholipase A2-α (cPLA2α) – an enzyme responsible for arachidonic acid production, the first step in the eicosanoid synthesis pathway – as associated with this condition in a single affected family. The expression and function of cPLA2α in this disease was investigated, using platelet aggregation stimulated by a downstream product of cPLA2α (Thromboxane A2) as a model.

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Lozyuk, I. Ya. "Frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection in children with inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract." Thesis, БДМУ, 2022. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/19770.

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27

Colquhoun, Catherine Mary. "The role of the gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=230137.

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28

Guerreiro, Carla Marisa Correia. "Influência do maneio na prevalência de parasitoses gastrointestinais em pequenos ruminantes: estudo comparativo entre a região do Alentejo e a região de Andaluzia." Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1158.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
No âmbito do estágio curricular realizado na Clínica Veterinária Vet + em Montemor-o- Novo (Portugal) e na Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária de Córdova (Espanha), acompanhei actividades na área da sanidade e clínica de grandes animais, assim como técnicas de diagnóstico parasitológico a nível laboratorial. As parasitoses gastrointestinais de Pequenos Ruminantes merecem um lugar de destaque ao longo de toda esta dissertação, sendo o principal objectivo estabelecer uma relação entre o maneio existente nas explorações e a prevalência de parasitoses gastrointestinais. Para tal foram estudadas 18 explorações, 9 na região do Alentejo e outras 9 na região de Andaluzia, Espanha, nas quais foram colhidas amostras de fezes e preenchido um inquérito relativo ao maneio existente. Os resultados obtidos estão de acordo com a bibliografia consultada no que respeita às parasitoses existentes na Península Ibérica. Na região do Alentejo os Estrongilídeos Gastrointestinais são o grupo de parasitas com maior prevalência (73%), o que se deve à predominância de explorações em regime semi-extensivo e à não aplicação de técnicas de maneio que permitem diminuir de forma significativa estes valores (controlo integrado de parasitoses gastrointestinais). De realçar que nesta região a desparasitação é realizada uma vez por ano e sem qualquer carácter estratégico. Na região de Andaluzia as coccidioses causadas por Eimeria spp. são as que apresentam maior prevalência (76%), o qual está estritamente relacionado com os sistemas intensivos/semi-intensivos das explorações em estudo, uma vez que é uma parasitose típica de animais jovens e que se encontram confinados. Em conclusão, o maneio das explorações engloba assim um conjunto de técnicas de produção animal que podem contribuir para uma difusão ou para um melhor controlo das parasitoses gastrointestinais, nomeadamente se a administração de anti-parasitários for monitorizada e efectuada de forma estratégica para melhor reduzir as perdas económicas por causa parasitária.
ABSTRACT - Influence of management to prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitoses in small ruminants (Comparative study of Alentejo and Andalusian region) During our training course at the clinic “Vet +” in Montemor-o-Novo (Portugal) and the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Córdoba (Spain) I have followed several activities in the area of large animal health and clinic, as well as techniques used for parasitological diagnosis. Gastrointestinal parasites in small ruminants have a special reference throughout this study, being the main goal setting up the relationship between the farm management and the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites. To achieve this goal, 18 farms were studied, 9 in the Alentejo region and 9 in the Andalusian region, where faecal sampling and an animal management survey was performed. The results generally agree with the consulted references with respect to existing parasites in the Iberian Peninsula. In the Alentejo region, the Gastrointestinal Strongyles showed the highest prevalence (73%) among groups of parasites, due to the high predominance of farms with semi-extensive system, which are not applying management techniques that allow a significant decrease of these values, vg., integrated control of gastrointestinal parasites and deworming performed once a year without any strategy. In the region of Andalusia the coccidiosis caused by Eimeria spp. have the highest prevalence (76%), which is purely related with intensive/semi-intensive systems of studied farms, as it is a typical parasitic disease of young and confined animals. In conclusion, the farm management therefore includes a set of techniques for breeding that can contribute to an increase or a better control of gastrointestinal parasites, especially if the administration of anti-parasitic compounds is monitored and performed in strategic way, to reduce economic losses induced by parasites.

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Ng, Fook-hong, and 吳福康. "Management of adverse gastrointestinal events in patients with anti-platelet therapy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41290963.

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30

Amsler, Lorenz. "Prevalence of Tropheryma whipplei DNA in patients with various gastrointestinal diseases and in healthy controls /." Zürich, 2002. http://www.public-health-edu.ch/new/Abstracts/AL_01.09.02.pdf.

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Rudovich, Natalia [Verfasser]. "Role of gastrointestinal hormones in the metabolic dysfunction in obesity and associated diseases / Natalia Rudovich." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1026357292/34.

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Aung, Thu Wichai Supanaranond. "Gastrointestinal manifestations of septic patients with scrub typhus in Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima hospital /." Abstract, 2003. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2546/4538024.pdf.

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Souza, Maria Lúcia de. "Avaliação do Helicobacter em cães oriundos do Biotério Central da Unesp - Campus de Botucatu /." Botucatu, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88912.

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Resumo: O presente trabalho foi delineado para investigar a freqüência de infecção pelo Helicobacter em cães oriundos do Biotério Central da UNESP - Campus de Botucatu - e a incidência da espécie Helicobacter pylori(Hp) nos animais. Os animais utilizados foram capturados em várias cidades, desconhecendo-se seus hábitos alimentares até a captura, mas é provável que foram pertencentes ou conviveram com pessoas de classe sócio-econômica de baixo poder aquisitivo, onde a incidência de Hp em seres humanos é mais elevada. Foram utilizados os métodos de teste rápido da urease, teste imunocromatográfico (kit H. pylori one step teste) e o método histoquímico de coloração pelo Giemsa. A coleta de material foi feita em 109 caninos sem raça definida, sendo 49 machos e 60 fêmeas. O sangue foi retirado da veia jugular e as amostras gástricas e duodenais foram obtidas por endoscopia (61/109) e pela técnica aberta (48/109). As análises, pelo teste rápido da urease e coloração pelo Giemsa, mostraram que, em 97,96% dos machos (48/49) e em 100% das fêmeas (60/60), foi detectada reação positiva para Helicobacter, sendo 99,08% (108/109) na totalidade dos animais. Não foram observadas alterações estatisticamente significativas entre os dois sexos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The present work was delineated to investigate the infection frequency for Helicobacter in dogs originating from Central Animal House of UNESP - Campus of Botucatu - and the incidence of the species pylori in the animals. The used animals were captured in several towns, being ignored their alimentary habits until the capture, but it is probable that they belonged or they lived together with people of socioeconomic class of low purchasing power, where the incidence of H. pylori in humans is higher. The methods used were of fast urease test, immunocromatograph test (kit H. pylori one step test) and histochemical coloration method for Giemsa. The material collection was made in 109 mongrel dogs, being 49 males and 60 females. The blood was removed of the jugular vein and the gastric and duodenal samples were obtained by endoscopy (61/109) and by the open technique (48/109). The analyses for the fast test of the urease and coloration for Giemsa showed that, in 97,96% of the males (48/49) and in 100% of the females (60/60), positive reaction was detected for Helicobacter, being 99,08% (108/109) in the totality of the animals. No statistically significant alterations significant were observed between the two sexes... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
Orientador: Luiz Eduardo Naresse
Coorientador: Rogério Saad Hossne
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34

Lidums, Ilmars. "Pharmacological control of transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl715.pdf.

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Flynn, Elaine Rose Maria. "Ionic conductances involved in the electrical activity of the canine gastrointestinal tract /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 1999. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:9934138.

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36

Kondratska, N., A. Yusupova, Ірина Іванівна Школьна, Ирина Ивановна Школьная, and Iryna Ivanivna Shkolna. "Clinical-endoscopic features and effectiveness of treatment of chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in children." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81182.

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Метою дослідження було вивчення клініко-ендоскопічних особливостей та ефективності лікування хронічних захворювань шлунково-кишкового тракту у дітей. Лікування хворих на хронічний гастродуоденіт, виразку шлунку та дванадцятипалої кишки повинно бути комплексним. Реабілітаційна терапія позитивно впливає на функцію пошкодженого органу та систем, що призводить до тривалої морфологічної ремісії хронічного гастродуоденіту, виразки шлунку та дванадцятипалої кишки.
The aim of the study was to study clinical-endoscopic features and effectiveness of treatment of chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal track in children.Treatment of patients with chronic gastroduodenitis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer should be comprehensive. Rehabilitation therapy has a positive effect on the function of the damaged organ and systems, which leads to long-term morphological remission of chronic gastroduodenitis and gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer.

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Carvalho, Katharinne Ingrid Moraes de [UNESP]. "Efeito do geraniol sobre a doença ulcerosa péptica experimental." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91638.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:13:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 carvalho_kim_me_botib.pdf: 473702 bytes, checksum: cf335e6c7efaff94811da0dd6fc60b36 (MD5)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A úlcera péptica é causada por um desequilíbrio entre os fatores protetores e lesivos da mucosa. A expansão global no consumo de álcool e DAINEs têm contribuído para um aumento da incidência da doença na população. Um dos maiores problemas relativo à úlcera péptica consiste na recidiva da mesma após a terapêutica, justificando-se a busca por novos tratamentos mais eficazes. Relatos científicos mostram que os óleos essenciais derivados das plantas possuem uma variedade de atividades biológicas, tais como ansiolíticos, antioxidantes, antiinflamatórios e antiulcerogênicos. Baseando-se nessa premissa resolvemos avaliar a atividade gastroprotetora do monoterpeno geraniol. Os resultados do estudo mostraram que o geraniol na dose de 7,5 mg/Kg foi efetivo no modelo de úlcera induzida por etanol absoluto com 70% de proteção. Essa ação gastroprotetora mostrou-se dependente da presença de óxido nítrico, dos grupamentos sulfidrilas e do aumento na produção de muco gástrico. No modelo de úlcera gástrica induzida por indometacina o geraniol não teve ação antiulcerogênica, sugerindo-se que a proteção desse monoterpeno esteja associada à metabólitos da via da COX, tais como: as prostaglandinas. No modelo de úlcera induzida por etanol em ratos pré-tratados com indometacina, os resultados indicaram que a gastroproteção do geraniol está relacionada com as PGs, uma vez que na presença de um inibidor da COX, ele perdeu sua proteção. Os dados apontam ainda para uma atividade antioxidante, comprovada no modelo de isquemia e reperfusão, onde o geraniol conferiu uma proteção à mucosa gástrica de 71%, e no modelo de úlcera duodenal induzida por cisteamina cuja proteção observada foi de 68%. No modelo de ligadura de piloro observou-se a ausência de atividade antisecretória gástrica e verificou-se...
A peptic ulcer is caused by an imbalance between the protective and the agressive factors of the mucosa. The global expansion in the consumption of alcohol and NSAIDs have contributed to an increased incidence of disease in the population. One of the biggest problems relative on peptic ulcer is recurrence of it after the treatment, justifying the search for new more effective treatments. Scientific reports show that essential oils derived from plants have a variety of biological activities, such as anxiolytics, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and antiulcerogenics. Based on this assumption we decided to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of the monoterpene geraniol. The study results showed that geraniol at a dose of 7.5 mg/Kg was effective in the model of ulcer induced by absolute ethanol with 70% protection. This gastroprotective action was dependent on the presence of nitric oxide, sulfhydryl groups (SHs) and increased production of gastric mucus. In the model of gastric ulcer indomethacin-induced geraniol (7.5 mg / kg) did not had antiulcerogenic action, suggesting that protection this monoterpene is associated with metabolites of the COX pathway, such as prostaglandins. In the model of ethanol-induced ulcer in rats pretreated with indomethacin the results indicated that the geraniol's gastroprotection is related to the prostaglandins, since in the presence of a COX inhibitor, it lost its protection. The results also point to an antioxidant activity, proven in the model of ischemia and reperfusion, where geraniol gave a protection to the gastric mucosa of 71% and the model of duodenal ulcer cysteamine-induced whose protection observed was 68%. In the pylorus ligation model was observed the absence of gastric antisecretory activity and was verified through the model of activated charcoal that this monoterpene... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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38

Carvalho, Katharinne Ingrid Moraes de. "Efeito do geraniol sobre a doença ulcerosa péptica experimental /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91638.

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Orientador: Clélia Akiko Hiruma-Lima
Banca: Marcos José Salvador
Banca: Luiz Claudio Di Stasi
Resumo: A úlcera péptica é causada por um desequilíbrio entre os fatores protetores e lesivos da mucosa. A expansão global no consumo de álcool e DAINEs têm contribuído para um aumento da incidência da doença na população. Um dos maiores problemas relativo à úlcera péptica consiste na recidiva da mesma após a terapêutica, justificando-se a busca por novos tratamentos mais eficazes. Relatos científicos mostram que os óleos essenciais derivados das plantas possuem uma variedade de atividades biológicas, tais como ansiolíticos, antioxidantes, antiinflamatórios e antiulcerogênicos. Baseando-se nessa premissa resolvemos avaliar a atividade gastroprotetora do monoterpeno geraniol. Os resultados do estudo mostraram que o geraniol na dose de 7,5 mg/Kg foi efetivo no modelo de úlcera induzida por etanol absoluto com 70% de proteção. Essa ação gastroprotetora mostrou-se dependente da presença de óxido nítrico, dos grupamentos sulfidrilas e do aumento na produção de muco gástrico. No modelo de úlcera gástrica induzida por indometacina o geraniol não teve ação antiulcerogênica, sugerindo-se que a proteção desse monoterpeno esteja associada à metabólitos da via da COX, tais como: as prostaglandinas. No modelo de úlcera induzida por etanol em ratos pré-tratados com indometacina, os resultados indicaram que a gastroproteção do geraniol está relacionada com as PGs, uma vez que na presença de um inibidor da COX, ele perdeu sua proteção. Os dados apontam ainda para uma atividade antioxidante, comprovada no modelo de isquemia e reperfusão, onde o geraniol conferiu uma proteção à mucosa gástrica de 71%, e no modelo de úlcera duodenal induzida por cisteamina cuja proteção observada foi de 68%. No modelo de ligadura de piloro observou-se a ausência de atividade antisecretória gástrica e verificou-se... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: A peptic ulcer is caused by an imbalance between the protective and the agressive factors of the mucosa. The global expansion in the consumption of alcohol and NSAIDs have contributed to an increased incidence of disease in the population. One of the biggest problems relative on peptic ulcer is recurrence of it after the treatment, justifying the search for new more effective treatments. Scientific reports show that essential oils derived from plants have a variety of biological activities, such as anxiolytics, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and antiulcerogenics. Based on this assumption we decided to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of the monoterpene geraniol. The study results showed that geraniol at a dose of 7.5 mg/Kg was effective in the model of ulcer induced by absolute ethanol with 70% protection. This gastroprotective action was dependent on the presence of nitric oxide, sulfhydryl groups (SHs) and increased production of gastric mucus. In the model of gastric ulcer indomethacin-induced geraniol (7.5 mg / kg) did not had antiulcerogenic action, suggesting that protection this monoterpene is associated with metabolites of the COX pathway, such as prostaglandins. In the model of ethanol-induced ulcer in rats pretreated with indomethacin the results indicated that the geraniol's gastroprotection is related to the prostaglandins, since in the presence of a COX inhibitor, it lost its protection. The results also point to an antioxidant activity, proven in the model of ischemia and reperfusion, where geraniol gave a protection to the gastric mucosa of 71% and the model of duodenal ulcer cysteamine-induced whose protection observed was 68%. In the pylorus ligation model was observed the absence of gastric antisecretory activity and was verified through the model of activated charcoal that this monoterpene... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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39

Segara, Davendra St Vincents Hospital Clinical School UNSW. "Studies of retinoic acid signalling in pancreatic cancer." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. St Vincents Hospital Clinical School, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26269.

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Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in Western societies. Despite significant progress in understanding the molecular pathology of PC and its precursor lesion: pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), there remain no molecules with proven clinical utility. Affymetrix Genechipfi oligonucleotide microarrays were used to interrogate mRNA expression of PC and normal pancreas to identify molecular pathways dysregulated in PC. Analysis of these data identified altered expression of numerous components of the S100 Calcium Binding Protein Family, Retinoic Acid signalling pathway and the HOX transcriptional network in PC compared to normal pancreas. These pathways were assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in-situ hybridisation (ISH) in a cohort of patients with PC. Increased protein expression, of S100A2, S100A6 and S100P was observed in 43%, 60% and 48% of PC respectively. Expression of S100A2 was associated with a poor outcome (p = 0.009), whilst increased expression of S100A6 (p = 0.0008) and S100P (p = 0.0005) were associated with an improved outcome. Additionally, S100A2 expression was identified as an independent marker of outcome in resected tumours. Aberrant expression of retinoic acid signalling components was demonstrated in PC cell lines using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. ISH demonstrated expression of Retinoic Acid Induced 3 (RAI3), an orphan G protein coupled receptor normally expressed in the fetal lung, in 68% of PC, and this co-segregated with an improved overall survival (p = 0.026).Ectopic protein expression of HOXB2, a transcription factor normally expressed in the developing hindbrain and modulated by retinoic acid, was observed in 15% of early PanIN lesions and 38% of PC specimens. Expression of HOXB2 was associated with non-resectable tumours and was an independent predictor of poor survival in resected tumours. Suppression of HOXB2 protein expression using small interfering RNA, resulted in epithelioid trans-differentiation in the Panc-1 PC cell line, however no alteration in proliferation rates were observed compared to controls. This thesis has shown that transcript profiling and tissue validation has identified potential markers of early diagnosis and outcome in PC. Furthermore, pathways and molecules previously thought to be associated with normal human development have been implicated to play a role in the development and progression of PC. Further analyses of these markers will determine any potential role in future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

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40

Posserud, Iris. "Peripheral and central factors in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome /." Göteborg : Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/4564.

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41

Poirier, Denise Marie. "Nutrient absorption from liquid therapeutic diets in an animal model." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61694.

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42

LeShure, Shirron Nicole. "Use of Naturally Occurring Anthelmintics to Control Gastrointestinal Parasites in Small Ruminants." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397649276.

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43

Xu, Ying Hua. "Role of cytokines in murine dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28171.

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Idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), usually referred to as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, characterized by periods of remission and relapse. It is a significant public health problem in developed countries, affecting 1 in 1,000 individuals. Despite years of intensive research, the aetiology and pathogenesis of IBD remain unclear. The most prevalent working hypothesis is that IBD results from the complex interaction of genetic, immunological and environmental factors.

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44

Das, Debalina. "Waterborne Diseases: Linking Public Health And Watershed Data." Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/235/.

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45

Anastácio, Pedro Filipe Branco. "Parasitoses gastrointestinais em ovinos em regime extensivo e intensivo em explorações do Ribatejo-Portugal." Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3841.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
As parasitoses e doenças parasitárias dos ovinos são responsáveis por enormes perdas de produção, devidas ao grande impacto, tanto no bem-estar como na saúde animal, causando uma importante diminuição no balanço económico. Na clínica de espécies pecuárias merecem especial atenção as parasitoses por nemátodes, em especial por Estrongilideos Gastrointestinais (EGI) e por coccídias do género Eimeria spp. É essencial o estabelecimento de planos de profilaxia, para manter aceitáveis os níveis de infecção, sendo para tal necessário o conhecimento detalhado das espécies parasitárias envolvidas e respectiva carga e a sua prevalência. Os objectivos deste estudo foram determinar e comparar a frequência das espécies parasitárias existentes em três explorações de ovinos em regime extensivo e intensivo, assim como os níveis de eliminação nas mesmas explorações. Na exploração em regime intensivo, ou seja, de engorda, pretendeu-se também averiguar a eficácia do diclazurilo em tratamentos profiláticos contra infecções naturais de Eimeria spp., assim como a rentabilidade económica da administração de desparasitante, com o intuito de concluir se esta medida profiláctica/terapêutica se traduziria ou não num maior valor de lucro final. Nos ovinos adultos os géneros de nemátodes de EGI mais frequentes foram Trichostrongylus, Teladorsagia e Strongyloides e as espécies de Eimeria spp. mais frequentes foram Eimeria bakuensis, E. ahsata, E. ovinoidalis e E. parva. Os níveis de eliminação mais graves foram observados em animais em período gestacional e puerperal. Nos ovinos jovens, o género de EGI mais frequentes foi Strongyloides e as espécies de Eimeria spp. identificadas com mais frequência foram Eimeria bakuensis, E. ovinoidalis, E. crandallis/weybridgensis e E. parva. Em borregos em extensivo registaram-se maiores valores de eliminação de EGI e menores de oocistos de Eimeria spp. relativamente a borregos em regime intensivo. A administração de desparasitante (diclazurilo e netobimim) provocou uma diminuição considerável nos níveis de infecção, tanto de EGI como de oocistos de Eimeria spp.. Inversamente, a não administração de desparasitante permitiu um aumento das mesmas. Ainda assim, o diclazurilo mostrou ineficácia e o netobimim eficácia duvidosa, através do TRCOF. O grupo ao qual foi administrado desparasitante teve uma maior taxa de crescimento relativamente ao outro grupo, com um maior peso vivo e valor líquido final por animal, estando associado a este procedimento um valor de lucro per capita de 5,23 €.
ABSTRACT - Ovine Gastrointestinal parasitic infections in extensive and intensive sheep farms in Ribatejo – Portugal Sheep parasites and parasitological diseases are responsible for huge production losses, due to their big impact in animal welfare and health, causing an important decrease on the economical balance. In large animal practice, nematode parasites are important, especially Gastrointestinal Strongyles (GIS), and coccidia of genus Eimeria. The establishment of prophylaxis plans is essential to keep acceptable infection levels, being necessary a detailed knowledge about parasitological species involved, as well as their burden and prevalence. The aims of this study were to calculate and compare the frequency of parasitological species present in three different sheep farms in extensive and intensive regimens, as well as the egg shedding levels at the same farms. On the intensive regime holding, i.e., of animal fattening, it was assessed the diclazuril efficacy on prophylaxis treatments against Eimeria spp. natural infections, as well as the economical profitability of anticoccidial drugs administration, to conclude if this prophylactic/therapeutic measure would give a highest final profit. In adult sheep, the most frequent GIS genera were Trichostrongylus, Teladorsagia and Strongyloides. Eimeria bakuensis, E. ahsata, E. ovinoidalis and E. parva were the most frequent species of genus Eimeria. More serious shedding levels were observed in pregnant and puerperal animals. In lambs, the most frequent genus of GIS was Strongyloides and Eimeria bakuensis, E. ovinoidalis, E. crandallis/weybridgensis and E. parva were the most frequent species of Eimeria spp.. Extensive regime lambs registered higher levels of GIS epg and lower levels of Eimeria spp. oocysts when compared with lambs on the intensive regimen. The administration of diclurazil and netobimim caused a considerable reduction of both GIS and Eimeria spp. oocysts infection levels. Inversely, a non-administration allowed an increase of both. However, diclurazil showed low activity and netobimim a doubtful efficacy, using Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT). The diclazuril group showed a higher growth rate when compared with the other group, with a higher live weight and final liquid value per animal, being this procedure associated with a profit of €5,23 per capita.

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46

Beresford, Kathie L. "Assessment of drug prescription in the community : utilization of criterion-based guidelines /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0032/MQ47436.pdf.

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47

Hui, King-cheung, and 許景祥. "Effects of Angelica sinensis polysaccharides on changes of immune and gastrointestinal systems induced by cyclophosphamide in mice." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45010067.

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48

Neto, Salustiano Gabriel. "Estudo do tempo de trânsito colônico em pacientes com megacólon chagásico com constipação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5154/tde-23092014-152318/.

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O megacólon chagásico pode acometer até 10% dos pacientes na fase crônica da doença e o principal sintoma é a constipação intestinal que pode variar de dias a meses. Vários aspectos da fisiopatologia do megacólon não são bem compreendidos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o tempo de trânsito colônico com marcadores radiopacos em portadores de megacólon chagásico com constipação intestinal crônica acima de oito dias. Foram estudados 64 pacientes (36 mulheres e 28 homens), idade variando de 32 a 76 anos, com história clínica de constipação intestinal crônica, diagnóstico radiológico por enema opaco de megacólon e com provas sorológicas positivas para doença de Chagas. Foi considerado como megacólon quando o diâmetro do cólon era maior ou igual 6,5 cm. Para avaliar o tempo de trânsito colônico, cada paciente ingeriu uma cápsula contendo 24 marcadores em forma de anéis radiopacos (Sitzmarks, Consil Pharmaceutics, Fort Worth, EEUU), e realizadas radiografias simples de abdome (ortostase) após três e cinco dias. Um grupo de 20 pacientes, sem constipação e com sorologia negativa para doença de Chagas, foi avaliado pela mesma metodologia e considerado como controle. A interpretação da localização e contagem dos marcadores foi realizada dividindo-se o intestino grosso nos segmentos: cólon direito, cólon esquerdo e retossigmóide. Empregou-se o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov para comparação do número de marcadores colônicos entre si e no 3o e 5o dias. O número de marcadores em cada grupo, em períodos distintos, foi avaliado com o teste de Wilcoxon. O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson foi utilizado para se avaliar a influência dos fatores externos (sexo, idade, tempo do início dos sintomas em anos, dias de constipação e presença de megarreto). O tempo de início dos sintomas variou de um a 33 anos e a duração da constipação, em dias, variou de oito a 90 dias. O megarreto ocorreu em 68,8% dos pacientes. Não se observou diferença, com significado estatístico, na quantidade total de marcadores retidos no 3o e 5o dias do exame entre os pacientes de ambos os sexos com e sem megarreto. A quantidade de marcadores, em cada segmento, colônico mostrou diferença estatística. Estes marcadores apresentaram uma distribuição em forma de um gradiente, crescendo de proximal para distal tanto no 3o quanto no 5o dia. Ocorreu uma progressão dos marcadores em direção ao ânus com um acúmulo no retossigmóide com diferença estatística do 3o para o 5o dia. Conclusões: houve retenção quase total dos marcadores até o 5o dia com predomínio no cólon esquerdo e no retossigmóide, sendo maior no retossigmóide; não houve diferença estatisticamente significante na retenção total dos marcadores entre o 3o e o 5o dia de exame; os fatores: idade, sexo, início dos sintomas, dias de constipação e megarreto não interferiram na quantidade e localização dos marcadores; os segmentos colônicos direito e esquerdo apresentaram trânsito lento, tendo ocorrido estase dos marcadores no retossigmóide
Chagasic megacolon may be present in up to 10% of infected people during chronic phase of the disease. Long lasting constipation of a few days up to months is the main complaint. Phisiopathology of megacolon is not completely understood as well as the predominant dilatation of sigmoid colon. This study addressed the colonic transit time (CTT) in patients with acquired megacolon with chronic constipation grater then 8 days. Study group consisted of 64 patients (36 women and 28 men); age ranged from 32 to 76 years. All patients had clinical history of constipation, barium enema showing megacolon (colon diameter ³ 6,5 cm) and positive serological tests for Chagas disease. CTT was evaluated by oral administration of a capsule with 24 ring-shaped radiopaque markers (Sitzmarks, Consil Pharmaceutics, Fort Worth, USA) and plain abdominal X-Rays were taken in the 3rd and 5th days post capsule ingestion. Twenty patients with no colorectal complaint and negative serology for Chagas disease were submitted to the same CTT exam as a control group. Results of number and position of radiopaque markers were evaluated according to large bowel segments: right colon, left colon and rectosigmoid colon. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to compare the number of markers by segments in the 3rd and 5th days and Wilcoxon test to compare groups by the number of markers. Pearson correlating test was applied to analyze variables as sex, age, symptoms onset (years), period of constipation (days) and megarectum association. Onset of symptoms ranged from 1 to 33 years while constipation varied from 8 to 90 days. There was not difference between the number of retained colonic markers in the 3rd and 5th days post administration. The number of markers in each colonic segment had significant difference statistically in the 3rd and 5th days with greater numbers from proximal to distal colon. Such distribution assumed an aspect of a gradient and some radiopaque markers moved towards rectosigmoid colon from 3rd to 5th days with difference statistically significant. Conclusions: majority of radiopaque markers was retained up to 5th day in the left and rectosigmoid colon with greater accumulation in the rectosigmoid; sex, age, symptoms onset (years), period of constipation (days) and megarectum association had not influenced the number and position of retained markers; right an left colons showed slow transit while rectosigmoid showed fecal stasis

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Stevenson, Cheryl. "Nutrient intake, gastrointestinal microbiota and the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum 299V in irritable bowel syndrome patients." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96018.

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Abstract:

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal (GI) disorder. GI symptoms and impaired quality of life affect between 10-20% of all adults, corresponding to about 25-50% of all patients who visit a gastroenterologist’s clinic. In recent years, several novel mechanisms of IBS that likely relate to previously established theories have been identified. Inflammation, postinfectious low-grade inflammation, immunological and genetic predisposition along with altered microbiota are critical in IBS development, while several dietary factors may also play a role in this syndrome. However, none of these factors accounts for the full repertoire of IBS symptoms, and the pathophysiology of this condition is not fully understood. The overarching aim of this study was to investigate the nutrient intakes, GI microbiota and the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum (L.plantarum) 299v in IBS patients. Sub-aims: 1) Update healthcare professionals on current probiotic information and provide an overview of probiotic treatment approaches, with special emphasis on IBS, 2) conduct a well designed randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled trial (RCT) with L. plantarum 299v as part of an intervention and establish whether a course of probiotics may alleviate undesirable symptoms of IBS and improve quality of life, 3) assess nutrient intake in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) compared to dietary recommendations, 4) validate and assess the reproducibility of food records and 5) identify possible nutrient risk components for establishing GI microbiota involved in IBS and as part of an intervention, determine whether a course of probiotics may alter stool microbiota. Results: 1) A review article published by the author provides an overview of current probiotic treatment options to health care professionals and indicates certain probiotics are a promising therapeutic treatment option for management of IBS symtpoms, 2) the effects of the single strain probiotic, L. plantarum 299v, supplementation was evaluated in a RCT. Compared to placebo, the probiotic supplementation showed no significant reduction in GI symptom severity scores, particularly abdominal pain relief. Quality of life was also not improved in the treatment versus control group. Both the treatment and placebo groups improved significantly over the trial period, indicating a large placebo effect, 3) nutrient intakes of the IBS patients compared to current dietary reference recommendations indicates that this group of patients are at risk for nutrient inadequacies in key macro and micronutrients, 4) the validity and reliability of the dietary data showed good reliability but poor validity as measured by plasma fatty acids and 5) the GI microbiota composition in the phenotypically different diarrhoea-predominant IBS (D-IBS) vs. constipation-predominant IBS (C-IBS) showed that D-IBS patients had significantly lower counts of Lactobacillus plantarum compared to C-IBS patients. The probiotic had no significant effects on the GI microbiota as measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). It was found that nutrient intakes had a significant impact on the microbiota. Lower fibre intakes were associated with higher Bacteroides spp., lower Bifidobacteria bifidum and Lactobacillus plantarum counts in both IBS groups. Conclusion: Taken together, L.plantarum 299v did not alleviate the GI symptoms of IBS, nor was it associated with significant changes in the GI microbiota. IBS patients may be at risk of key nutrient inadequacies. The influence of nutrient intakes on the GI microbiota provides an attractive explanation as a potential pathophysiological factor for IBS.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: Prikkelbare derm-sindroom (PDS) is ‘n algemene gastro-intestinale (GI) stoornis. GI simptome affekteer die lewenskwaliteit van 10-20% van alle volwassenes. Dit stem ooreen met ongeveer 25-50% van alle pasiënte wat ‘n gastroënteroloog konsulteer. Verskeie oorspronklike meganismes vir die ontwikkeling van PDS is onlangs identifiseer. Inflammasie, post-infektiewe lae-graadse inflammasie, immunologiese en genetiese vatbaarheid tesame met veranderde mikrobiota is krities vir die ontwikkeling van PDS. Sekere dieetfaktore mag ook bydraend wees tot hierdie sindroom. Geen van hierdie faktore is egter verantwoordelik vir die volle spektrum van PDS simptome nie en die patofisiologie van die toestand word ook nog nie ten volle verstaan nie. Die oorkoepelende doel van hierdie studie is om nutriëntinname, GI mikrobiota en die uitwerking van L.plantarum 299v in PDS pasiënte bepaal. Sub-doelwitte: 1) Om gesondheidswerkers in te lig aangaande die nuutste inligting oor probiotika en om ‘n oorsig van probiotika behandelingsopsies te verskaf, met spesiale klem op PDS, 2) om ‘n goed beplande ewekansige, dubbel-blinde, plasebo-beheerde kliniese studie met L.plantarum 299v as deel van die intervensie uit te voer om sodoende te bepaal of ‘n kursus probiotika ongewensde simptome van PDS kan verbeter en lewenskwaliteit sodoende verhoog, 3) om nutriëntinname in pasiënte met PDS te bepaal vergeleke met dieet aanbevelings, 4) om die geldigheid en herhaalbaarheid van voedselrekords te bepaal en 5) om moontlike nutriënt risikokomponente vir die ontwikkeling van GI mikrobiota betrokke in PDS te identifiseer en om as deel van ‘n intervensie te bepaal of ‘n kursus probiotika stoelgang mikrobiota patrone verander. Resultate: 1) ‘n Oorsigartikel gepubliseer deur die kandidaat dui probiotika aan as ‘n belowende terapeutiese opsie in die behandeling van PDS simptome, 2) die effek van ‘n enkelstam probiotikum, L.plantarum 299v, is evalueer deur ‘n ewekansige, dubbel-blinde, plasebo-beheerde kliniese studie. Vergeleke met die plasebo, het probiotiese aanvulling geen betekenisvolle vermindering in die GI simptome in PDS pasiënte tot gevolg gehad nie. Lewenskwaliteit het ook nie verbeter in die behandelde versus die kontrole groep nie. Beide die behandelde en plasebo groepe het aansienlik verbeter oor die studietydperk, wat ‘n groot plasebo effek aandui, 3) nutriëntinname van die PDS groep vergeleke met huidige dieetaanbevelings, dui daarop dat hierdie groep pasiënte ‘n risiko het vir die ontwikkeling van kern nutriënttekorte (makro- en mikronutriënte), 4) die geldigheid en betroubaarheid van die dieetdata dui op goeie betroubaarheid, maar swak geldigheid soos bepaal deur plasma vetsure en 5) die dermkanaal mikrobiotiese samestelling in die verskillende fenotipes, diarree-oorheersende PDS (D-PDS) vs. konstipasie-oorheersende PDS (K-PDS) dui daarop dat D-PDS pasiënte aansienlike minder Lactobacillus plantarum gehad het vergeleke met K-PDS pasiënte. Die probiotikum het geen beduidende uitwerking op die oorheersende mikrobiota gehad nie, soos gemeet deur kwantitatiewe polimerase kettingreaksie (kPKR). Daar is gevind dat dieet ‘n beduidende impak op die mikrobiota gehad het. Daar is ‘n verband tussen laer vesel inname en hoёr Bacteroides spp. en laer Bifidobacteria bididum en Lactobacillus plantarum tellings gevind in beide PDS groepe. Gevolgtrekking: Die L.plantarum 299v enkelstam probiotikum het nie die gastrointestinale simptome van PDS pasiënte verlig nie en daar is ook geen beduidende veranderinge in die mikrobiota gevind nie. PDS pasiënte mag ‘n verhoogde risiko toon vir kern nutriënttekorte. Die invloed van nutriëntinname op GI mikrobiota verskaf ‘n belowende verduideliking as ‘n potensiële patofisiologiese faktor in PDS.

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50

Midhagen, Gunnar. "Adult Coeliac Disease in Clinical Practice." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7373.

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