Journal articles: 'Gastrointestinal gas'

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Sferra, Thomas J., and Leo A. Heitlinger. "GASTROINTESTINAL GAS FORMATION AND INFANTILE COLIC." Pediatric Clinics of North America 43, no. 2 (April 1996): 489–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70417-x.

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Lauritano, E. C., A. Gasbarrini, and G. R. Corazza. "Introduction: Bacteria, gas and functional gastrointestinal disorders." Digestive and Liver Disease Supplements 3, no. 2 (July 2009): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1594-5804(09)00011-4.

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Malagelada, J.-R. "Sensation and gas dynamics in functional gastrointestinal disorders." Gut 51, Supplement 1 (July 1, 2002): i72—i75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.51.suppl_1.i72.

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ter Laan, Mark, Erik Totte, Rob A. van Hulst, Klaas van der Linde, Wim van der Kamp, and Jean-Pierre E. Pierie. "Cerebral gas embolism due to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy." European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 21, no. 7 (July 2009): 833–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/meg.0b013e328310aefc.

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Ochiai, T., K. Igri, Y. Kumagai, M. Iida, and S. Yamazaki. "Gastrointestinal: Massive portal venous gas and pneumatosis intestinalis." Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 25, no. 6 (May 26, 2010): 1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06361.x.

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KANEKO, Syoji, Yuki TSUSHIMA, Yutaka YOSHIDA, and Masanori KAYANO. "Gas chromatographic determination of dimethylpolysiloxane in gastrointestinal drugs." Bunseki kagaku 35, no. 3 (1986): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.35.3_189.

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Rösch, T., B. Kapfer, U. Will, W. Baronius, M. Strobel, R. Lorenz, and K. Ulm. "New Techniques Accuracy of Endoscopic Ultrasonography in Upper Gastrointestinal Submucosal Lesions: a Prospective Multicenter Study." Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 37, no. 7 (January 2002): 856–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/gas.37.7.856.862.

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Groot, Evelien F. de. "Flatography: Detection of gastrointestinal diseases by faecal gas analysis." World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 6, no. 4 (2015): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.4292/wjgpt.v6.i4.111.

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Kuo, S., W. Chang, C. Yu, and C. Hsieh. "Silent hepatic portal venous gas following upper gastrointestinal endoscopy." Endoscopy 41, S 02 (June 2009): E121—E122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1214657.

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Mehl, ML, B. Seguin, RW Norrdin, S. Geddes, and SJ Withrow. "Idiopathic pneumoperitoneum in a dog." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 37, no. 6 (November 1, 2001): 549–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/15473317-37-6-549.

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A 13-year-old, neutered male standard poodle with tachypnea and abdominal distension was diagnosed with pneumoperitoneum. Pneumoperitoneum can be due to a perforated gastrointestinal tract, penetrating abdominal wounds, gas-producing bacterial peritonitis, or it can be iatrogenically introduced during surgery. Idiopathic pneumoperitoneum is a condition diagnosed in humans after exclusion of perforated gastrointestinal tract and other known causes of free intra-abdominal gas. This report suggests that dogs may suffer from a similar syndrome.

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G. M., Sreenidhi, Jyothi S., and Vikyath Satish. "Rectal perforation, a rare presentation of a swollen limb." International Surgery Journal 8, no. 9 (August 27, 2021): 2842. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20213632.

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Soft tissue infection of right lower limb secondary to perforation of the gastrointestinal tract is very rare and the true incidence is probably higher, as some cases will be misdiagnosed as gas gangrene unless careful clinical examinations are performed. Only rapid recognition of the probable origin of the gas, coupled with aggressive, definitive therapy, can prevent the usually fatal course of this condition. In the absence of trauma or infection in a previously normal leg, subcutaneous emphysema of a limb should alert the clinician to the possibility of a gastrointestinal perforation as a source of the gas. Perforations of the gastrointestinal tract into the subcutaneous tissue can occur anywhere from the neck to the lower extremities. The mechanisms and anatomical pathways are discussed in this case report. Diversion colostomy with incision and drainage of the lower limb of the same is a safe and feasible option.

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Wang, Xinmiao, Qian Wang, Yuanyuan Hu, Fawen Yin, Xiaoyang Liu, and Dayong Zhou. "Gastrointestinal Digestion and Microbial Hydrolysis of Alkyl Gallates: Potential Sustained Release of Gallic Acid." Foods 11, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 3936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11233936.

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Phenolipids such as alkyl gallates (A-GAs) have been approved by the food industry as non-toxic antioxidant additives, which are also regarded as an emerging source of functional food ingredients. However, comprehensive understanding of their digestive absorption is needed. Thus, the models of live mice and anaerobic fermentation were used to clarify the distribution and microbial hydrolysis characteristics of A-GAs in the gastrointestinal tract. HPLC-UV results demonstrated that A-GAs could be hydrolyzed by intestinal lipases and gut microorganisms including Lactobacillus to produce free gallic acid (GA). Through regulating the chain length of the lipid part in A-GAs, the sustained and controllable release of the GA can be easily achieved. Furthermore, A-GAs were also able to reach the colon and the cecum, which would lead to potential gastrointestinal protective effects. Therefore, A-GAs may be applied as possible ingredient for functional foods.

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Urita, Yoshihisa, Toshiyasu Watanabe, Tadashi Maeda, Tomohiro Arita, Yosuke Sasaki, Takamasa Ishii, Tatsuhiro Yamamoto, et al. "Extensive Atrophic Gastritis Increases Intraduodenal Hydrogen Gas." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2008 (2008): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/584929.

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Objective. Gastric acid plays an important part in the prevention of bacterial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. If these bacteria have an ability of hydrogen (H2) fermentation, intraluminal H2 gas might be detected. We attempted to measure the intraluminal H2 concentrations to determine the bacterial overgrowth in the gastrointestinal tract.Patients and methods. Studies were performed in 647 consecutive patients undergoing upper endoscopy. At the time of endoscopic examination, we intubated the stomach and the descending part of the duodenum without inflation by air, and 20 mL of intraluminal gas samples of both sites was collected through the biopsy channel. Intraluminal H2 concentrations were measured by gas chromatography.Results. Intragastric and intraduodenal H2 gas was detected in 566 (87.5%) and 524 (81.0%) patients, respectively. The mean values of intragastric and intraduodenal H2 gas were8.5±15.9and13.2±58.0 ppm, respectively. The intraduodenal H2 level was increased with the progression of atrophic gastritis, whereas the intragastric H2 level was the highest in patients without atrophic gastritis.Conclusions. The intraduodenal hydrogen levels were increased with the progression of atrophic gastritis. It is likely that the influence of hypochlorhydria on bacterial overgrowth in the proximal small intestine is more pronounced, compared to that in the stomach.

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Viramontes, Blanca E., Allison Malcolm, Michael Camilleri, Lawrence A. Szarka, Sanna McKinzie, Duane D. Burton, and Alan R. Zinsmeister. "Effects of an α2-adrenergic agonist on gastrointestinal transit, colonic motility, and sensation in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 281, no. 6 (December 1, 2001): G1468—G1476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2001.281.6.g1468.

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To characterize α2-adrenergic control of motor and sensory functions of gastrointestinal tract and colon, we studied dose-related effects of clonidine (placebo or up to 0.3 mg po) by random assignment in 55 healthy humans. Gastrointestinal transit was measured in all subjects; in 35, we assessed colonic compliance, tone, and sensations of gas and pain during phasic distensions. Clonidine did not significantly alter gastrointestinal or colonic transit, but it increased colonic compliance and reduced fasting tone without altering colonic response to a meal. Clonidine significantly reduced aggregate sensation to distensions overall and had significant linear dose-related sensory effects at 8- and 24-mmHg distensions. Effect on pain (including dose-response relationship) was due to 0.3-mg dose for distensions at 24 mmHg. We confirmed that clonidine relaxes fasting colonic tone and reduces sensation of pain. In this study, gut transit was not altered by clonidine, and novel dose-response characteristics and clonidine's effect on gas sensation are provided. Doses as low as 0.05 mg may be effective and potentially useful in reducing colonic tone and gas sensation.

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DeMarco, Grace, Qiuchen Jiang, and Ernest Fischer. "POCUS Finding of Portal Venous Gas: An Unusual Consequence of an Amyloid Dysmotility Related Bezoar." POCUS Journal 7, no. 2 (November 21, 2022): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/pocus.v7i2.15681.

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A 73-year-old male with a recent finding of pericardial effusion and syncope was evaluated with point of care ultrasound for recurrent effusion. A thickened left ventricle and recurrent pericardial effusion were found. Unexpectedly, on scanning the inferior vena cava (IVC), extensive portal venous gas was identified, a finding previously described as a “meteor shower”. Subsequent imaging by computed tomography (CT) identified gastric edema and peri-gastric vessel gas as the source of the portal gas, attributed to a large bezoar. The bezoar was later classified as a phytobezoar and the patient was found to have both cardiac and gastrointestinal manifestations of light chain amyloidosis. The gastrointestinal amyloidosis predisposed the patient to bezoar formation owing to associated dysmotility, a rare complication of an unusual manifestation of systemic amyloid.

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KHATEEB, O. M., D. OSBORNE, and Z. D. MULLA. "Gastrointestinal symptomatology as a predictor of severe outcomes of invasive group A streptococcal infections." Epidemiology and Infection 138, no. 4 (October 2, 2009): 534–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268809990938.

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SUMMARYInvasive group A streptococcal (GAS) disease is a condition of clinical and public health significance. We conducted epidemiological analyses to determine if the presence of gastrointestinal (GI) complaints (diarrhea and/or vomiting) early in the course of invasive GAS disease is associated with either of two severe outcomes: GAS necrotizing fasciitis, or hospital mortality. Subjects were hospitalized for invasive GAS disease throughout the state of Florida, USA, during a 4-year period. Multiple imputation using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method was used to replace missing values with plausible values. Excluding cases with missing data resulted in a sample size of 138 invasive GAS patients (the complete subject analysis) while the imputed datasets contained 257 records. GI symptomatology within 48 h of hospital admission was not associated with hospital mortality in either the complete subject analysis [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0·86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·31–2·39] or in the imputed datasets. GI symptoms were significantly associated with GAS necrotizing fasciitis in the complete subject analysis (aOR 4·64, 95% CI 1·18–18·23) and in the imputed datasets but only in patients aged <55 years. The common cause of GI symptoms and necrotizing fasciitis may be streptococcal exotoxins. Clinicians who are treating young individuals presumed to be in the early stages of invasive GAS disease should take note of GI symptoms and remain vigilant for the development of a GAS necrotizing soft-tissue infection.

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Zhang, Weiwei, Xuelian Zhang, Yanyan Zhang, Huanyu Wu, Qiaoling Liu, Xinyu Zhou, and Yunxia Meng. "Analysis of Changes of Intestinal Flora in Elderly Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and Liver Cancer and Its Correlation with Abnormal Gastrointestinal Motility." Journal of Oncology 2021 (August 13, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7517379.

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Objective. To investigate the changes of intestinal flora in elderly patients with Alzheimer’s disease and liver cancer and its correlation with abnormal gastrointestinal motility. Methods. From January 2018 to December 2020, 102 elderly patients with Alzheimer’s disease and liver cancer were selected as the observation group. Eighty-nine healthy patients during the same period were selected as the control group. The two groups of intestinal flora (intestinal microbial diversity) were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and high-throughput sequencing. The two groups of serum motilin (MTL) and gastrin (GAS) levels were measured by the Hitachi automatic biochemical analyzer 7600. Pearson correlation analysis software was used to analyze the relationship between changes in the intestinal flora and gastrointestinal motility in elderly patients with Alzheimer’s disease and liver cancer. Results. The contents of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the contents of Escherichia coli, Helicobacter pylori, and Streptococcus were higher than those in the control group. The Chaol index and Shannon index in the observation group were higher than those in the control group. The gastrointestinal motility levels MTL and GAS of the observation group were higher than those of the control group. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the Chaol index and Shannon index of elderly patients with Alzheimer’s disease and liver cancer were positively correlated with MTL and GAS. Conclusion. Elderly patients with Alzheimer’s disease and liver cancer often have changes in the intestinal flora, which are correlated with abnormal gastrointestinal motility. Strengthening the analysis of changes in patients’ intestinal flora can enhance clinical medication knowledge and improve gastrointestinal motility in patients.

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Williams, Sebastian R. Mc, Patrick D. Mc Laughlin, Owen J. O'Connor, Alan N. Desmond, Áine Ní Laoíre, Fergus Shanahan, Eamonn MM Quigley, and Michael M. Maher. "Computed Tomography Assessment of Intestinal Gas Volumes in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders." Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility 18, no. 4 (October 31, 2012): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5056/jnm.2012.18.4.419.

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Pourhajihosseini, Sepideh. "Transient portal venous gas in upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A case report." Radiology Case Reports 17, no. 11 (November 2022): 4260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2022.08.048.

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Kim, Hyun Jin. "The Usefulness of Gastrointestinal Gas Measurement in Patients with Functional Bloating." Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 71, no. 6 (2018): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4166/kjg.2018.71.6.301.

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Creedon, Alice, Eirini Dimidi, Estella Hung, Mark Scott, Christopher Probert, Sarah Berry, and Kevin Whelan. "Almonds and Their Impact on Gastrointestinal Physiology, Luminal Microbiology and Gastrointestinal Function: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac069.007.

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Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of almonds, and almond form (whole, ground) on fecal Bifidobacteria (primary outcome) and gut microbiology, physiology, and symptoms in healthy adults. Methods Eighty-seven healthy adults with moderate fiber intake (<22g/d) were randomized to receive whole almonds (56 g/d), ground almonds (56 g/d) or a control muffin (2/d) in place of their habitual snacks for 4 weeks. Fecal Bifidobacteria, gut microbiota composition and diversity (16S rRNA sequencing), short-chain fatty acids (SCFA; gas-chromatography), volatile organic compounds (gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry), gut transit time (wireless motility capsule), and stool output and symptoms (7-day diary) were measured at baseline and at end of intervention. Differences between groups were assessed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) or a non-parametric equivalent and corrected for multiple testing (Bonferroni (p) or Benjamini-Hochberg FDR (q)) where appropriate. Results There were no differences in relative abundance of fecal bifidobacteria following 4-weeks consumption of whole almonds (8.7%, SD 7.7), ground almonds (7.8%, SD 6.9) or control (13.0%, SD 10.2; q = 0.613). There was no effect of almonds on gut microbiota at the phylum level or on diversity. At the genus level, almonds (whole and ground pooled) increased relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Phascolarctobacterium and decreased Tyzerella (all p < 0.05), however these were no longer significant following FDR adjustment. Pre-specified analysis comparing almonds (whole and ground pooled) demonstrated higher concentrations of butyrate (24.1 μmol/g, SD 15.0) versus control (18.2, SD 9.1; p = 0.046). There was no effect of almonds on gut transit time, stool consistency or gut symptoms. Almond form as either whole (low nutrient bioaccessibility) or ground (higher nutrient bioaccessibility) did not affect any outcome. Conclusions Almonds are a high fibre snack that can be incorporated into the diet of moderate fibre consumers with no adverse gastrointestinal symptoms. Almonds do not have major impact on global microbiota composition but may exert a prebiotic effect on microbial metabolism in healthy adults. Funding Sources The Almond Board of California.

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Cummings, J. H., and G. T. Macfarlane. "Gastrointestinal effects of prebiotics." British Journal of Nutrition 87, S2 (May 2002): S145—S151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn/2002530.

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The defining effect of prebiotics is to stimulate selectively the growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the gut and, thereby, increase the body's natural resistance to invading pathogens. Prebiotic carbohydrates may also have additional, less specific, benefits because they are fermented in the large intestine. The prebiotic carbohydrates that have been evaluated in humans at the present time largely consist of fructans or galactans. There is consistent evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies that these are not digested by normal human enzymes, but are readily fermented by anaerobic bacteria in the large intestine. There are no reports of faecal recovery of measurable quantities of prebiotic carbohydrates. Through fermentation in the large intestine, prebiotic carbohydrates yield short-chain fatty acids, stimulate the growth of many bacterial species in addition to the selective effects on lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, they can also produce gas. Along with other fermented carbohydrates, prebiotics have mild laxative effects, although this has proved difficult to demonstrate in human studies because the magnitude of laxation is small. Potentially, the most important effect of prebiotic carbohydrates is to strengthen the body's resistance to invading pathogens and, thereby, prevent episodes of diarrhoea. At the present time, this effect has not been convincingly demonstrated in either adults or children, although there have been attempts to ameliorate the diarrhoea associated with antibiotics and travel, but without success. However, prebiotic carbohydrates clearly have significant and distinctive physiological effects in the human large intestine, and on the basis of this it is likely that they will ultimately be shown to be beneficial to health.

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Yang, Wei, Rui Liu, LinHua Zhou, Xiao Chen, and YanYan Hu. "Effects of Ganoderic Acid A on Gastrointestinal Motility and Brain-Gut Peptide in Rats with Functional Dyspepsia." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (May 31, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2298665.

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Objective. The therapeutic effect of drugs for functional dyspepsia (FD) is still limited. Ganoderic acid A (GAA) has anti-inflammatory and cellular protective activities. The aim of this study is to explore the therapeutic effect of GAA on FD. Methods. The FD rat model was established via tail damping and forced exercise fatigue. The gastric emptying rate and intestinal propulsion rate of the rats in each group were then detected, and the pathological damage of gastric antrum and duodenum tissues was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to determine the levels of motilin (MTL), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), leptin, gastrin (GAS), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and somatostatin (SS) in plasma, and Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of occludin, zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1), and junctional adhesion molecule-1 (JAM-1) in the duodenal tissue. Results. Treatment with GAA significantly raised the gastric emptying rate and intestinal propulsion rate of FD rats and histologically alleviated the gastric and duodenal damage. Meanwhile, GAA positively regulated the secretion of brain-gut proteins, such as upregulation of MTL, GAS, and SS and downregulation of VIP, leptin, and CGRP. In addition, GAA treatment increased the protein expression levels of occludin, ZO-1, and JAM-1 in the duodenal tissue of the FD rats. Conclusion. GAA may exhibit protective effects on FD by regulating the secretion of brain-gut peptide, protecting the intestinal barrier and improving gastrointestinal motility.

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Pallin, Nickola, and Jane Richardson. "Dietary advice provided to those undergoing pelvic radiotherapy." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 16, no. 2 (February 22, 2017): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396917000073.

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AbstractBackgroundIn those receiving radiotherapy for pelvic cancers, up to 80% develop gastrointestinal symptoms, with dietary interventions recommended to reduce these symptoms. However, research outlining the current dietary support provided to patients undergoing radiotherapy for pelvic cancer is lacking.AimTo identify the gastrointestinal symptoms experienced by those undergoing pelvic radiotherapy and to identify the dietary support provided to these patients.Methods and materialsA service evaluation was undertaken in one NHS Trust hospital whereby patients undergoing radical pelvic radiotherapy during a 15-week recruitment period were invited to complete an anonymous questionnaire. Participants were recruited using purposive sampling and the data were analysed descriptively using SPSS.ResultsIn total, 31 patients responded achieving a response rate of 48%. The most frequent reported gastrointestinal symptoms were gas and flatulence followed by diarrhoea, nausea and abdominal pain. The main dietary changes implemented by the respondents and recommended by health care professionals included reducing fibre intake, reducing certain vegetables, reducing caffeine and increasing water.FindingsThe results illustrate the impact of gastrointestinal side effects on patients’ dietary intake. The results highlight that nutritional guidance need to be standardised, especially for the management of diarrhoea and gas and flatulence as these were the most common occurring side effects. With radiographers most frequently giving nutritional advice they must be provided with guidance to support those undergoing pelvic radiotherapy.

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Li, Xiaoqing, Yilin Lin, Yiqi Jiang, Binbin Wu, and Yigang Yu. "Aqueous Extract of Phyllanthus emblica L. Alleviates Functional Dyspepsia through Regulating Gastrointestinal Hormones and Gut Microbiome In Vivo." Foods 11, no. 10 (May 20, 2022): 1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11101491.

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Phyllanthus emblica L. fruits were extracted by a hot water assistant with ultrasonication to obtain aqueous Phyllanthus emblica L. extract (APE). The ameliorating functional dyspepsia (FD) effect of a low dose (150 mg/kg) and a high dose (300 mg/kg) of APE was exhibited by determining the gastrointestinal motility, gastrointestinal hormones, and gut microbiome shifts in reserpine induced FD male balb/c mice. APE increased the gastrointestinal motility including the gastric emptying (GE) rate and small intestinal transit (SIT) rate. The level of serum gastrointestinal hormones such as motilin (MTL) and gastrin (GAS) increased, and the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) level decreased after the administration of APE. Furthermore, the gut microbiome analysis demonstrated that APE could regulate the microbiome structure and restore homeostasis by elevating useful bacterial abundance, while simultaneously decreasing harmful bacterial abundance. This study demonstrated the ameliorating FD effect of APE and its potential efficacy in curing functional gastrointestinal disorders and maintaining a healthy digestive tract.

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Welchman, S., S. Cochrane, G. Minto, and S. Lewis. "Systematic review: the use of nitrous oxide gas for lower gastrointestinal endoscopy." Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 32, no. 3 (May 18, 2010): 324–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04359.x.

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Cammarota, Giovanni, and Anna Chiara Piscaglia. "Free Peritoneal Gas Accumulation Caused by Pneumatosis Coli After Diagnostic Gastrointestinal Endoscopy." Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 7, no. 8 (August 2009): A18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2008.11.012.

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Rumyantseva, Marina, Abulkosim Nasriddinov, Valeriy Krivetskiy, and Alexander Gaskov. "Light—Assisted Low Temperature Formaldehyde Detection at Sub-ppm Level Using Metal Oxide Semiconductor Gas Sensors." Proceedings 14, no. 1 (June 19, 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019014037.

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Beaufils, Fabien, Emmanuel Mas, Marie Mittaine, Martin Addra, Michael Fayon, Laurence Delhaes, Haude Clouzeau, et al. "Increased Fecal Calprotectin Is Associated with Worse Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Quality of Life Scores in Children with Cystic Fibrosis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 12 (December 17, 2020): 4080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9124080.

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In cystic fibrosis (CF), cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) dysfunction leads to digestive disorders that promote intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis enhancing gastrointestinal symptoms. In pancreatic insufficiency CF patients, both intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis, are associated with an increase in the fecal calprotectin (FC) level. However, associations between the FC level, gastrointestinal symptoms, and quality of life (QoL) remain poorly studied. We aimed to assess such associations in pancreatic insufficiency CF children. The FC level was measured in pancreatic insufficiency CF children’s stool samples. Children and their parents completed two questionnaires: The Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scales 3.0-PedsQLTM and the Quality of Life Pediatric Inventory 4.0-PedsQLTM. Lower scores indicated worse symptomatology or QoL. Thirty-seven CF children were included. A FC level above 250 µg/g was associated with worse gastrointestinal symptoms and QoL scores. The FC level was inversely correlated with several gastrointestinal scores assessed by children (i.e., Total, “Heart Burn Reflux”, “Nausea and Vomiting”, and “Gas and Bloating”). Several QoL scores were correlated with gastrointestinal scores. The FC level was weakly associated with clinical parameters. Some gastrointestinal and QoL scores were related to disease severity associated parameters. In CF, the FC level, biomarker previously related to intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis, was associated with worse digestive symptoms and QoL scores.

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Guo, Xuan, Yin Xu, Hua-liang Tan, Xiao-juan Wang, and Lin Xiao. "The Key Ingredient Acacetin in Weishu Decoction Alleviates Gastrointestinal Motility Disorder Based on Network Pharmacology Analysis." Mediators of Inflammation 2021 (September 21, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5265444.

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Background. Gastrointestinal motility disorder is a common gastrointestinal disease, which seriously affects life quality. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used as an alternative therapy for gastrointestinal motility disorder. Acacetin is a natural flavonoid compound that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and anticancer properties. However, the efficacy of Acacetin in the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders has not been studied. Our aim was to investigate the mechanism of Acacetin-alleviated gastrointestinal motility disorder and its efficacy based on network pharmacology. Methods. We performed network pharmacology to predict the active components, match Weishu decoction (WSD) targets in gastrointestinal motility disorders, and investigate its potential pharmacological mechanisms. We performed the GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. In vivo, we investigated the effects of Acacetin in the gastrointestinal motility disorder model. Results. Based on network pharmacological method, the key active ingredient of WSD was identified as Acacetin, and the enrichment signaling pathway was the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Acacetin and Mosapride accelerated gastric emptying time, reduced gastric remnant rate, and increased small intestinal propulsion rate. The levels of GAS and MTL were increased after using Acacetin. These results indicated that Acacetin could improve gastrointestinal motility disorders. Among them, high-dose Acacetin showed a better effect. Acacetin could regulate protein and lipid metabolism in mice with gastrointestinal motility disorder. Furthermore, Acacetin could modulate gastrointestinal inflammation and apoptosis. The detection of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway-related proteins showed that Acacetin improved gastrointestinal motility disorder by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Conclusion. The key ingredient Acacetin in WSD could alleviate gastrointestinal motility disorder by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway based on network pharmacology analysis. The efficacy and safety of Acacetin treatment provide strong experimental support for the clinical treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorder.

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Guzmán-Argüello, Gloria, Jorge Silva-Zamora, and Israel Salgado-Adame. "Intestinal cystic pneumatosis: a rare entity." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 10, no. 11 (October 28, 2022): 2651. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20222875.

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Pneumatosis intestinalis is the presence of gas within the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. The gas forms bubbles containing nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon dioxide in most cases is intramural. Many factors are associated with this entity such as bacterial gas production (Clostridium difficile), increased intraluminal pressure (vomiting), mucosal injury (inflammatory bowel disease and immunosuppression), pulmonary gas (pulmonary obstruction and chronic cough) and combination of factors. The most frequent symptom is abdominal pain however physical examination is not very helpful in the diagnosis, the reason why computed tomography is the best imaging modality for this disease. The treatment depends in the underlying cause and is debated.

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Silva, Eliezer, Luiz Francisco Poli de Figueiredo, Ruy Jorge Cruz Jr, and Maurício Rocha e. Silva. "Gas tonometry for evaluation of gastrointestinal mucosal perfusion: experimental and clinical sepsis¹. part 2." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 17, no. 5 (September 2002): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502002000500003.

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Substantial clinical and animal evidences indicate that the mesenteric circulatory bed, particularly the gut mucosa, is highly vulnerable to reductions in oxygen supply and prone to early injury in the course of hemodynamic changes induced by sepsis and septic shock. Gut hypoxia or ischemia is one possible contributing factor to gastrointestinal tract barrier dysfunction that may be associated with the development of systemic inflammatory response and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, the principal cause of death after sepsis. Monitoring gut perfusion during experimental and clinical sepsis may provide valuable insights over new interventions and therapies highly needed to reduce multiple organ dysfunction and sepsis-related morbidity and mortality. We present our experience with gas tonometry as a monitor of the adequacy of gastrointestinal mucosal perfusion in experimental models sepsis and with the use of vasoactive agents for hemodynamic management in patients with septic shock.

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Swora-Cwynar, Ewelina, Martyna Marciniak, Dominika Podulka, and Agnieszka Dobrowolska. "Gastrointestinal complaints in runners and their relationship to diets." Polish Journal of Sports Medicine 38, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1313.

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Background: Thesis: Runners are at risk of developing gastrointestinal complaints, dietary factors affect the occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms. Objectives: 1. To examine the extent to which gastrointestinal ailments affect runners. 2. To indicate the type and timing of gastrointestinal complaints. 3. To determine whether the fact of the occurrence of gastrointestinal complaints is associated with the dietary behavior of these athletes. Material and methods: The study involved 67 runners including 47 women and 20 men from amateur running groups from several cities in Poland. To conduct the study, a proprietary questionnaire was created and made available at each group with the permission of the administrator. The results obtained on a quantitative scale are presented in descriptive form along with the percentages. Statistical analysis was performed using STATISTICA, and the significance of the results was assumed at p<0.05. Results: Among runners of all running groups from different cities in Poland, 61% reported experiencing at least one gastrointestinal complaint. Lower gastrointestinal complaints were the most common, with the highest prevalence for diarrhea - 27%. Problems occurred mainly during the run. Women were shown to be at a higher risk of experiencing ailments compared to men - 83%, 17%. Conclusions: 1. surveyed runners, especially women, experience gastrointestinal symptoms, 2. Among the respondents, complaints occurred from the lower gastrointestinal tract and included: diarrhea (27%), increased urge to stool, gas, flatulence, abdominal pain, intestinal cramps, constipation and colic, as well as the upper gastrointestinal tract: nausea, heartburn, burping on an empty stomach, regurgitation, reflux. Most symptoms occur during running. 3 No significant correlations were found between dietary behavior and the occurrence of gastrointestinal complaints in runners.

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Lee, Min Jeong, Duk-Hee Chun, Hee Jung Kong, Hye Jung Shin, Sunmo Yang, and Na Young Kim. "Comparison of Postoperative Gastrointestinal Motility of Sugammadex and Neostigmine in Patients Undergoing Robotic Thyroidectomy: A Retrospective Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 10 (May 22, 2022): 2930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11102930.

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Postoperative bowel dysfunction poses difficulty to patients during their recovery from surgery, and reversal agents may affect bowel function. This study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of sugammadex and a neostigmine/glycopyrrolate combination on postoperative bowel movement in patients undergoing robotic thyroidectomy. The electronic medical records of 122 patients, who underwent robotic thyroidectomy between March 2018 and December 2020, were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings and the first gas-passing time after surgery were assessed. The number of patients with a first gas emission time over 24 h was significantly higher in the neostigmine group than in the sugammadex group (p = 0.008). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that sugammadex was a prognostic factor for the first gas-passing time within 24 h (odds ratio = 4.60, 95% confidence interval 1.47–14.36, p = 0.005). Although postoperative bowel motility, based on the first gas emission time, was comparable, the number of patients with a first gas emission time within 24 h was significantly higher in the sugammadex group than in the neostigmine group. This shows that the use of sugammadex did not affect the delayed recovery of postoperative bowel motility after robotic thyroidectomy.

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Ambrosini, Yoko M., Kelsey A. Johnson, Morgan Matthews, and Amy F. Sato. "Unusual invasion of primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma in a cat." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports 4, no. 2 (July 2018): 205511691881089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055116918810897.

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Case summary An 11-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was referred to the Foster Hospital for Small Animals, USA for suspected dysautonomia based on weight loss, vomiting and referral radiographs that showed severe dilation of the esophagus, stomach and entire gastrointestinal tract. After recheck radiographs revealed a decrease in gas compared with the referral images, persistently reduced gastrointestinal motility was deemed less likely; however, cardiomegaly and a soft tissue opacity overlying the esophagus were noted. Echocardiogram identified a pulmonary mass either impinging on or invading the local organs. At necropsy, gross pathology and histopathology showed an aggressive pulmonary carcinoma invading the heart, trachea and esophagus, resulting in a focal esophageal stricture. Gastrointestinal gas dilation was most likely secondary to aerophagia as a result of chronic partial esophageal obstruction. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first reported feline case of invasion of the esophagus and heart by a pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Other than weight loss, the clinical signs for this invasive neoplasm were not evident until the cat was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism and prescribed oral medications. This reinforces the fact that pulmonary adenocarcinoma is difficult to detect clinically until secondary problems from the primary or metastatic neoplasm arise.

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Gordon, Ilyssa O., Jodi D. Sherman, Michael Leapman, Michael Overcash, and Cassandra L. Thiel. "Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Gastrointestinal Biopsies in a Surgical Pathology Laboratory." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 156, no. 4 (April 5, 2021): 540–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqab021.

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Abstract Objectives Given adverse health effects of climate change and contributions of the US health care sector to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, environmentally sustainable delivery of care is needed. We applied life cycle assessment to quantify GHGs associated with processing a gastrointestinal biopsy in order to identify emissions hotspots and guide mitigation strategies. Methods The biopsy process at a large academic pathology laboratory was grouped into steps. Each supply and reagent was catalogued and postuse treatment noted. Energy consumption was estimated for capital equipment. Two common scenarios were considered: 1 case with 1 specimen jar (scenario 1) and 1 case with 3 specimen jars (scenario 2). Results Scenario 1 generated 0.29 kg of carbon dioxide equivalents (kg CO2e), whereas scenario 2 resulted in 0.79 kg CO2e—equivalent to 0.7 and 2.0 miles driven, respectively. The largest proportion of GHGs (36%) in either scenario came from the tissue processor step. The second largest contributor (19%) was case accessioning, mostly attributable to production of single-use disposable jars. Conclusions Applied to more than 20 million biopsies performed in the US annually, emissions from biopsy processing is equivalent to yearly GHG emissions from 1,200 passenger cars. Mitigation strategies may include modification of surveillance guidelines to include the number of specimen jars.

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Czempik, Piotr F., Oskar Bożek, and Łukasz J. Krzych. "Sonographic Images of Hepatic Portal Venous Gas in a Patient with Gastrointestinal Ischemia." Diagnostics 12, no. 9 (August 23, 2022): 2034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092034.

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Hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) detected by ultrasound (US) following liver transplantation or in suppurative cholangitis was described previously. To our knowledge, there have been no descriptions of HPVG detected by US in acute mesenteric ischemia. Here we present diagnostic images of a 52-year-old female who was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) following successful embolization of a ruptured saccular aneurysm of the right vertebral artery. During their stay in the ICU, the patient developed hypotension with low systemic vascular resistance and hypovolemia. Based on physical examination of the abdomen and laboratory results, preliminary diagnosis of intra-abdominal sepsis was made. Early abdominal US was performed to find the source of sepsis. The preliminary diagnosis of stomach/small intestine ischemia was made by ultrasonic detection of HPVG. Other less likely diagnoses were pneumobilia due to cholangitis, hepatic micro-abscesses, and punctuate calcifications. The diagnosis was confirmed by multi-phase abdominal computed tomography. The explorative laparotomy revealed necrosis of the stomach, small intestine, and liver. Due to the severity of necrosis, surgical treatment was abandoned. Provided sonographic images show HPVG as an ominous sign of small intestine and stomach ischemia. Early liver US should be performed whenever intra-abdominal pathology is suspected.

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Yi, Ying, Li-mei Hao, Shu-ren Ma, Jin-hui Wu, Tao Wang, Song Lin, Zong-xing Zhang, and Jian-cheng Qi. "A pilot study on using chlorine dioxide gas for disinfection of gastrointestinal endoscopes." Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B 17, no. 7 (July 2016): 526–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/jzus.b1500327.

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KASTNER, J., F. PFEFFEL, A. RAJEK, T. PEZAWAS, M. HIESMAYR, and H. G. EICHLER. "Nitric oxide concentration in the gas phase of the gastrointestinal tract in man." European Journal of Clinical Investigation 27, no. 12 (December 1997): 992–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2362.1997.2120761.x.

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Artunc, Ferruh, Stephan Heller, Martin Heuschmid, Reimer Riessen, and Michael Haap. "Gastrointestinal: Hepatic portal venous gas after cardiogenic shock and intraaortic ballon pulsation therapy." Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 25, no. 3 (February 25, 2010): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06258.x.

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Yamamoto, Aihiro, Yutaka Kawahito, Mikiko Niimi, Masatoshi Kadoya, Masahide Hamaguchi, Hidetaka Ishino, Makoto Wada, Masataka Kohno, Yasunori Tsubouchi, and Toshikazu Yoshikawa. "Pneumatosis Intestinalis and Hepatic Portal Venous Gas Caused by Gastrointestinal Perforation With Amyloidosis." Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 42, no. 6 (July 2008): 758–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mcg.0b013e318030ffc3.

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Figueiredo, Luiz Francisco Poli de, Eliezer Silva, Ruy Jorge Cruz Jr, and Maurício Rocha e. Silva. "Gas tonometry for evaluation of gastrointestinal mucosal perfusion: experimental models of trauma, shock and complex surgical maneuvers - Part 1." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 17, no. 4 (August 2002): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502002000400003.

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Substantial clinical and animal evidences indicate that the mesenteric circulatory bed, particularly the gut mucosa, is highly vulnerable to reductions in oxygen supply and prone to early injury in the course of hemodynamic changes induced by trauma, shock, sepsis and several complex surgical maneuvers. Gut hypoxia or ischemia is one possible contributing factor to gastrointestinal tract barrier dysfunction that may be associated with the development of systemic inflammatory response and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, a common cause of death after trauma, sepsis or major surgeries. Monitoring gut perfusion during experiments may provide valuable insights over new interventions and therapies highly needed to reduce trauma and sepsis-related morbidity and mortality. We present our experience with gas tonometry as a monitor of the adequacy of gastrointestinal mucosal perfusion in clinical and experimental models of trauma, shock and surgical maneuvers associated with abrupt hemodynamic changes, such as aortic occlusion and hepatic vascular exclusion. Next issue we will be presenting our experience with gas tonometry in experimental and clinical sepsis.

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Voldby, Anders Winther, Anne Albers Aaen, Ann Merete Møller, and Birgitte Brandstrup. "Goal-directed fluid therapy in urgent GAstrointestinal Surgery—study protocol for A Randomised multicentre Trial: The GAS-ART trial." BMJ Open 8, no. 11 (November 2018): e022651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022651.

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IntroductionIntravenous fluid therapy during gastrointestinal surgery is a life-saving part of the perioperative care. Too little fluid may lead to hypovolaemia, decreased organ perfusion and circulatory shock. Excessive fluid administration increases postoperative complications, worsens pulmonary and cardiac function as well as the healing of surgical wounds. Intraoperative individualised goal-directed fluid therapy (GDT) and zero-balance therapy (weight adjusted) has shown to reduce postoperative complications in elective surgery, but studies in urgent gastrointestinal surgery are sparse. The aim of the trial is to test whether zero-balance GDT reduces postoperative mortality and major complications following urgent surgery for obstructive bowel disease or perforation of the gastrointestinal tract compared with a protocolled standard of care.Methods/analysisThis study is a multicentre, randomised controlled trial with planned inclusion of 310 patients. The randomisation procedure is stratified by hospital and by obstructive bowel disease and perforation of the gastrointestinal tract. Patients are allocated into either ‘the standard group’ or ‘the zero-balance GDT group’. The latter receive intraoperative GDT (guided by a stroke volume algorithm) and postoperative zero-balance fluid therapy based on body weight and fluid charts. The protocolled treatment continues until free oral intake or the seventh postoperative day.The primary composite outcome is death, unplanned reoperations, life-threatening thromboembolic and bleeding complications, a need for mechanical ventilation or dialysis. Secondary outcomes are additional complications, length of hospital stay, length of stay in the intensive care unit, length of mechanical ventilation, readmissions and time to death. Follow-up is 90 days.We plan intention-to-treat analysis of the primary outcome.Ethics and disseminationThe Danish Scientific Ethics Committee approved the GAS-ART trial before patient enrolment (J: SJ-436). Enrolment of patients began in August 2015 and is proceeding. We expect to publish the GAS-ART results in Summer 2019.Trial registration numberEudraCT 2015-000563-14.

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Segev, Yakir, Yael Goldberg, Ofer Lavie, Reuven Keidar, Shlomi Sagie, Arie Biterrman, and Ron Auslender. "Diagnosis of Lower Gastrointestinal Tumors by Transvaginal Sonography." Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography 27, no. 6 (October 20, 2011): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756479311426776.

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Sonography plays a primary role in the diagnosis of gynecological diseases. A retrospective review of incidental findings report by transvaginal sonography (TVS) was performed to evaluate the ability of TVS to visualize rectosigmoid carcinoma. The authors performed a retrospective review of 450 women who were referred for TVS because of suspected gynecological indications to evaluate those with incidental findings. Of these, 15 with incidental findings were subsequently diagnosed with rectosigmoid carcinoma. The sonographic properties and clinical findings were systematically evaluated. TVS findings included solid nonhomogeneous lesions (mean diameter of 4 cm; range, 1.6–8 cm), distended rectal walls, and gas inside the gastrointestinal lumen in 53% ( n = 8) of the cases. Total wall invasion was suspected, and signs of edema were noticed in 60% ( n = 9) of the cases. All lesions seen by TVS were pathologically confirmed as carcinoma of gastrointestinal origin. Inspection of the rectosigmoid during a TVS examination has the ability to detect unsuspected rectosigmoid lesions.

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Elias, Rawad, Zheng Kuang, Jo-Ellen Murphy, and Peter Paul Yu. "Disparities in comprehensive genomic profiling in older patients with gastrointestinal malignancies." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2022): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.4_suppl.646.

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646 Background: Limited data guides the management of older adults with cancer, a patient population that continues to be under-represented in clinical trials. Comprehensive Genomic Profiling (CGP) drives the enrollment on biomarker-based trials and may inform treatment selection. This analysis aims to evaluate the use of CGP in older patients with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies and to compare results of genomic profiling across age groups. Methods: Clinical CGP results derived from Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of tumor tissue (n=92802) were reviewed for patients with GI malignancies. Genomic alterations (GAs) and complex signatures were identified, based on hybridization-captured, adapter ligation-based sequencing. Association between age group (< 65: n=51652; 65-74: n=28972; 75+: n=12178) and biomarkers of interests was evaluated using Chi-square test, adjusting for multiple testing using Bonferroni correction. Delay-adjusted incidence rates in populations included in the study were acquired from SEER Databases. Results: The majority of patients in the CGP cohort were <65 yrs (55.7%). Patients aged 75 and above were underrepresented as compared to the SEER database incidence rates (15.2% vs. 31.6%, p <0.0005). Overall, the incidence of known or likely pathogenic GAs was similar across all age groups (>99%). An analysis of specific GAs among all the GI cancers analyzed showed an age-associated increase of high tumor mutational burden (≥10 mut/Mb) (TMB-H) (5.6% vs 6.6% vs 10.7% for respective age groups, p<0.0005). The overall incidence of mismatch repair deficiency or microsatellite instability (dMMR/MSI) (3.6% vs 4.0% vs 7.5%, p<0.0005) and DNA damage repair mutations (DDR mut) (13.2% vs 13.9% vs 16.4%, p<0.0005) also increased with age. The magnitude of the CGP findings varied by GI cancer type, as summarized for select significant findings (p <0.0005) in Table. Detailed results for each GI subtype and relevant biomarkers will be presented. Conclusions: This large scale analysis of CGP done for patients with GI cancers showed that genomic profiling is under utilized in older adults who constitute the majority of patients with GI malignancies. These findings may improve access to clinical trials and guide the development of older adult-specific studies.[Table: see text]

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Smith, D., B. Waldron, and F. C. Campbell. "Response of migrating motor complex to variation of fasting intraluminal content." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 263, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): G533—G537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1992.263.4.g533.

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The characteristics of the phases of the migrating motor complex (MMC) were studied in the antrum, duodenum, and jejunum after alteration of intraluminal gas and acaloric fluid in 17 healthy volunteers. Aspiration of gas and fluid from the upper gastrointestinal tract reduced motor activity. In the antrum and duodenum, phase II contraction amplitude decreased, while in the duodenum and jejunum, the duration of phase II decreased and phase I increased. Phase III contraction frequency decreased in the duodenum only. Intragastric instillation of gas caused an increase of phase II duration and contraction amplitude in all regions. Similar effects were observed after intragastric instillation of fluid. Fasting periodic motor activity is responsive to volume changes of intraluminal gas and acaloric liquid content.

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Shao, Zhanmei, Jidong Zhong, Yuming Fang, and Yongqiang Ma. "Effect of Kvass on Improving Functional Dyspepsia in Rats." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (June 28, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5169892.

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Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common digestive system disease, and probiotics in the treatment of FD have a good curative effect. Patients with gastrointestinal diseases often show a poor response to traditional drug treatments and suffer from adverse reactions. Kvass can be used as a functional drink without side effects to improve the symptoms of FD patients. The results showed that compared with those of the model group, the body weight and food intake of the treatment group were significantly increased ( P < 0.05 ), and the gastric residual rate of the treatment group was significantly decreased ( P < 0.05 ); the amount of pepsin in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the model group ( P < 0.05 ); a high dose of Kvass could increase the contents of ghrelin, motilin (MTL), and gastrin (GAS) in the plasma and decrease the contents of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the plasma; the contents of ghrelin, MTL, and GAS in the gastric antrum were also increased in the high-dose group. Kvass beverage can significantly improve the gastrointestinal function of rats, which may be because it can improve the contents of ghrelin, MTL, GAS, and VIP in both the serum and gastric antrum by regulating the expression of short-chain fatty acids in the colon.

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El Fuad, T. Murad, Efori Gea, Chaerul Yael, and Munar Lubis. "Patterns of Acid Base Balance and Plasma Electrolyte Concentrations in Post Surgical Digestive Patients." Paediatrica Indonesiana 33, no. 7-8 (January 24, 2019): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi33.7-8.1993.173-81.

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Patterns of acid-base balance and plasma electrolyte concentrations of postsurgical digestive patients were studied retrospectively. The patients were treated at the Pediatric ICU Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan, during the period of February 1991 through January 31 1992. There were 131 patients admitted to the Pediatric ICU, 67 (51.1 %) of them had had gastrointestinal surgery. Arterial blood gas and I or plasma electrolyte examinations were done in 92% of patients within 12 hours of admission. In 50 patients both blood gas and electrolyte concentration values were examined; 6 of them died. One out of 14 patients who had only serum electrolyte concentration values died. One out of 3 patients who had neither blood gas nor plasma electrolyte concentration values died. Acid-base imbalances were found in 66% of those 50 patients, consisting of 28% metabolic acidosis, 12% respiratory alkalosis, 8% respiratory acidosis, and 6% metabolic alkalosis. Hyponatremia was found in 68.4% of the survivors and in 2 out of 6 patients who died. No hypernatremia was found in any of the patients. Hypokalemia was found in 24.6% of patients survived; and none in those who died. Hyperkalemia was encountered in 24.6% of those who survived. The overall mortality of patients who had undergone gastrointestinal surgery in the Pediatric ICU, Pirngadi Hospital, was 8/67 (11.9%).

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Asmar, Noelle, Jean-Francois Rey, Christophe Sattonnet, and Jerome Jerome. "Gastric Metastasis Mimicking Linitis Plastica 20 Years after Primary Breast Cancer. A Case Report." Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases 27, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 469–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.274.gas.

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Breast cancer metastases to the gastrointestinal tract are rare, with a median time interval from the diagnosis of the primary tumor to metastasis up to 7 years. The stomach is the most frequent metastatic site and invasive lobular carcinoma is the type with the highest affinity to the digestive system. We report the case of an 84-yearold female patient, with a past medical history 20 years earlier of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast, who presented for dyspepsia. Upper endoscopy revealed hypertrophic gastric folds compatible with primary linitis plastica. Histology showed proliferation of malignant poorly cohesive cells. Immunohistochemistry stain showed intense positivity of estrogen receptors and anti-GATA-binding protein 3 nuclear antibodies, and absence of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. These findings confirmed the diagnosis of a metachronous metastasis of the invasive lobular breast adenocarcinoma. Considering metastases from breast cancer is crucial when patients with any subtle gastric symptom and a past medical history of invasive lobular adenocarcinoma of the breast seek medical advice, even though more than 20 years after primary breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry is the key to final diagnosis as these lesions can endoscopically and histologically mimic primary linitis plastica.

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KOZIEŁ, NINA, ELŻBIETA KUKIER, and KRZYSZTOF KWIATEK. "Clostridium perfringens – epidemiological importance and diagnostics." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 75, no. 01 (2019): 6161–2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6161.

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Clostridium perfringens is one of the most widespread anaerobic spore forming bacteria found in the environment. The toxotype A of the species inhabits the gastrointestinal tract of birds and mammals exhibiting pathogenic properties in the immunocompromised host. The virulence determinants of C. perfringens are toxins and extracellular enzymes which cause gas gangrene, enteritis necroticans, food poisoning, and non-food borne gastrointestinal infections in humans. The young animals suffer from enterotoxaemia, dysentery and necrotic enteritis due to the anaerobic spore forming bacilli. This article reviews the epidemiological significance of C. perfringens and its disease diagnostics, taking into account all known to date virulence determinants of the microorganism.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Gastrointestinal gas'

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