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1
Jegede, O. C. "Anthelmintic Activities (In Vitro And In Vivo) of Some Plant Extracts – A Review." Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0251.
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Several plants are found to possess potent medicinal and phytochemical compounds used globally for the treatment of diseases and the discovery of new drugs. Plants with anthelmintic properties have attained a great interest due to their usage in treatment of parasitic (helminthic) diseases that cause major economic loss, resulting to reduced livestock production capacity of farmers. The major impediment in the livestock subsector is the increasing problems of development of resistance to synthetic drugs by the helminths and or high cost of commercially produced anthelmintics and their resultant side effects than the treatment efficacy in the host. Helminthosis is a clinical condition that represents one of the commonly encountered and most important diseases in ruminant farming. This clinical condition is aggravated by indiscriminate use of anthelmintics in an attempt to control the infection, thereby causing resistance of the parasitic helminths to synthetic drugs. This has led to the screening of plant extracts for their anthelmintic properties thereby serving as alternative strategies against gastrointestinal parasitic resistance. However, eighty percent of the world populations use natural plant compounds as anthelmintics for treatment of parasitic infections. Hence, the folkloric claims of the anthelmintic properties of plants extracts for the treatment of helminthes is necessarily important and of great interest. Therefore, this review unveils previous pharmacological and preliminary studies on plants as anthelmintics able to reduce helmintic infections and overcoming helminth parasite resistance.
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Ibrahim, Umma A., Sagir G. Ahmed, Modu B. Kagu, and Usman A. Abjah. "Impact of intestinal helminths on the risks of gastrointestinal haemorrhage and iron deficiency among haemophilia patients in northern Nigeria." Journal of Haemophilia Practice 4, no. 1 (January 26, 2017): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17225/jhp00097.
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Abstract We predicted that haemophilia would create a prohaemorrhagic host-parasite relationship, which would make haemophiliacs very vulnerable to haemorrhagic effects of intestinal helminths in tropical countries like Nigeria. If our prediction is correct, the frequency and risks of gastrointestinal haemorrhage and iron deficiency will be higher among haemophiliacs infected by helminths in comparison with uninfected haemophiliacs. Frequency of gastrointestinal haemorrhages and iron deficiency among haemophiliacs with and without intestinal helminth infections were retrospectively obtained and analysed, and their relative risk determined by regression analysis. Haemophiliacs with intestinal helminths had significantly higher frequencies of gastrointestinal haemorrhage (73.3% vs. 18.5%, p<0.05) and iron deficiency (60% vs. 22.2%, p<0.05) in comparison with haemophiliacs without intestinal helminths. Haemophiliacs with intestinal helminths had significantly elevated relative risks (RR) of gastrointestinal haemorrhage (RR=3.4, CI95%: 2.4- 4.3, p=0.007) and iron deficiency (RR=2.5, CI95%: 1.7-3.3, p=0.009). These results showed that helminth infections were associated with increased risks of gastrointestinal haemorrhage and iron deficiency in haemophiliacs. This is thought to be due to a pro-haemorrhagic host-parasite relationship resulting from host haemostatic abnormality, coupled with the concurrent manipulation of the host haemostatic system by anticoagulants produced by some of the parasites. Haemophiliacs in tropical countries should be regularly screened and treated for intestinal helminths.
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Adedipe, Olubukola Deborah, Emmanuel Chibuike Uwalaka, Victor Oluwatoyin Akinseye, Oyeduntan Adejoju Adediran, and Simeon Idowu Babalola Cadmus. "Gastrointestinal Helminths in Slaughtered Cattle in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria." Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2014 (October 23, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/923561.
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As part of an ongoing project to investigate the epidemiology of gastrointestinal helminths of cattle in Nigeria, we carried out a systematic random sampling of cattle slaughtered in a major abattoir in Ibadan, south-western Nigeria. Using sedimentation and floatation methods, we analyzed fecal samples from 397 animals between March and May 2013. Overall, 163 (41.6%) of the animals had at least one gastrointestinal helminth egg, comprising a total of eight helminths from different genera (i.e., four nematodes, three trematodes, and one cestode), with nematode infection being the highest (71.54%). In addition, eggs of four helminths of zoonotic importance were also obtained. Among the cattle examined, the Bunaji breed was the most infected (46%; 69/150). Furthermore, female animals (OR=1.1; 95% CI: 0.60–1.84) and animals with moderate body condition (OR=1.2; 95% CI: 0.80–1.79) are more likely to be positive to helminth infection. Our findings reveal that there were helminth infections of both zoonotic and socioeconomic importance among the cattle screened. Considering the impact of the infections on animal production and public health, we advocate that effective prophylactic measures be adopted as a first step to curtail helminth infections of cattle in Nigeria.
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Mohammed Isah, Usman. "Survey on the Prevalence and Burden of Gastrointestinal Helminths Infections of Cattle Slaughtered at Dutse Modern Abattoir, Jigawa State, Nigeria." Arid Zone Journal of Basic and Applied Research 2, no. 4 (August 17, 2023): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.55639/607.908988.
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An abattoir cross sectional survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic helminths in slaughtered cattle at Dutse Local Government Area, Jigawa State, Nigeria. A total of 288 fecal samples were tested. Gastrointestinal helminths’ eggs were detected in 219 samples tested giving an overall prevalence of 76.04%. The prevalent helminthes species identified were Cooperia sp., Fasciola sp, T. saginata, T r i c o s t r o n g y l u s s p , Ostertagia, and Paraphostimum sp. High prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in cattle slaughtered was observed during the wet season; with T. saginata 106(35.2%) having highest prevalence and the least prevalent species Paraphostimum sp. with 11(3.7). There is significant association of increasing parasitic infection with months of wet season p=0.001; χ 2 =80.36. However, there was no significant association was observed during dry season p= 0.35; χ2 =21.74. the distribution of gastrointestinal helminths according to age group of the animals were found to be 77.14% in Cattle less than 2 years, 76.27% in young and 70.59% in adults. These findings implied that the majority of cattle brought for slaughter in Dutse abattoir were highly infested with several internal helminthes parasites that may present a public health problem and an important epidemiological implication. Therefore, an effective chemotherapy, an appropriate meat inspection, and famers education of proper use of anthelminthic to prevent infestation of human and to enhance food sufficiency not only in quantity but also in quality.
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Efremova, E. A., V. A. Marchenko, and M. A. Smertina. "Distribution of helminths of the gastrointestinal tract of horses in Central Altai." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 52, no. 5 (December 1, 2022): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2022-5-11.
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The results of the studies (2021, 2022) on the spread of helminth infectious agents in horse breeding farms are presented. Parasitic worms of two classes Nematoda and Cestoda participate in the formation of the helminthic complex of Central Altai animals. Nematodes of two suborders Strongylata and Ascaridata (Parascaris equorum) were recorded. Two species Anoplocephalaperfoliata and Paranoplocephalamamillana were identified in cestodes represented by the tapeworms of suborder Anoplocephalata. In the province (87.8%) and in some administrative districts, infestation of whole-hoofed animals with gastrointestinal strongylates is much higher than infection with helminthes of suborder Ascaridata (14.1%) and cestodes of suborder Anoplocephalata (10.9%). Nematodes of suborder Strongylata play the main role in forming the nosological profile of intestinal helminth infections. Strongylates form the core of the helminthocomplex of the digestive system, and the infestation of whole-hoofed animals with them and their share in the structure of the helminthocomplex both in the province and in individual administrative districts is the highest. The values of IP (invasion prevalence) and PCI (parasite complex index) of strongyloides vary by administrative regions from 53,3 and 69,1% to 95,2 and 80,8%, respectively, and amount to 87,8 and 77,8% on average in the Central Altai. It was found that in most areas, the infestation of whole-hoofed animals with helminths of the digestive system in general and nematodes of suborder Strongylata differs insignificantly. Infestation of whole-hoofed animals by Parascaris equorum and cestodes of suborder Anoplocephalata is registered in the region at 14,1 and 10,9% with PCI 12,5 and 9,7 respectively, which is 6-8 times lower than analogous indices for strongylatosis of animals. Reliable direct correlation between the release of strongylate eggs into the external environment and the index of animal infestation was established. The number of propagative forms released into the environment increases with increasing values of animal infestation with strongylates.
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Mohammed Jajere, Saleh, Jallailudeen Rabana Lawal, Amina Mohammed Bello, Yakaka Wakil, Usman Aliyu Turaki, and Ibrahim Waziri. "Risk Factors Associated with the Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Helminths among Indigenous Donkeys (Equus asinus) in Northeastern Nigeria." Scientifica 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3735210.
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Aim. This survey study was conducted from April 2014 through March 2015 in Bauchi, Yobe, and Gombe states, northeastern Nigeria, to explore the risk factors associated with the occurrence of gastrointestinal helminthosis among indigenous donkeys (Equus asinus).Materials and Methods. A total of six hundred fresh faecal samples were randomly collected from indigenous donkeys of varying age, sex, and settlements. Simple flotation and sedimentation techniques were used for the detection of helminths eggs.Results. Three gastrointestinal nematode parasites were encountered includingStrongyle,Parascaris equorum, andOxyuris equi. An overall prevalence of 98.3% was obtained, of which 78.3%, 40.3%, and 17.5% were, respectively, fromStrongyle,Parascaris equorum, andOxyuris equi. Age, sex, and season were not statistically associated with the risk of helminth infection as were the different study areas (p>0.05). However, body condition score, settlement, anthelminthic medication history, and management practices were significantly associated with the risk of gastrointestinal helminthosis. Statistically high prevalence of helminthic infections was observed in donkeys, with poor (thin) body condition, from rural settlements, that were not dewormed and raised under poor management systems (p<0.001).Conclusion. It is concluded from the study that gastrointestinal helminths particularlyStrongylewere endemic among the indigenous donkeys in northeastern Nigeria. Further control and preventive measures were discussed.
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Mathewos, Mesfin, Dawit Girma, Haben Fesseha, Metages Yirgalem, and Eyob Eshetu. "Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminthiasis in Horses and Donkeys of Hawassa District, Southern Ethiopia." Veterinary Medicine International 2021 (May 7, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6686688.
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Background. Gastrointestinal helminth parasite infection is a major influencing factor against the profitability of working equines all over the world. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal tract (GI) helminths and assess the associated risk factors in donkeys and horses in the Hawassa district. A total of 214 fecal samples were collected from randomly selected equines (112 donkeys and 102 horses) and examined for the presence of eggs of GI helminths using standard coprological techniques. Results. According to the current study, the prevalence of GI helminths in equine was 78.5% (168/214) and the highest prevalence was reported in donkeys 92% (103/112) as compared to horses 63% (65/102). Out of 168 positive samples, the different species of parasites were identified, namely, Strongyle species 120 (56.1%), Strongyloides westeri 76 (35.5%), Parascaris equorum 54 (25.2%), Anoplocephala perfoliata 34 (15.8%), Oxyuris equi 20 (9.3%), Fasciola hepatica 18 (8.8%), Gastrodiscus species 12 (5.6%), and Dictyocaulus arnfieldi 4 (1.8%). There was a strong association between the prevalence of GI helminths and factors such as the species of equine, body condition scores, and feed type ( p < 0.05). However, no significant association ( p > 0.05) was observed between the prevalence of GI helminths and putative risk factors such as age, sex, housing, and water source. The coproculture performed on 30 pooled fecal samples revealed that Cyathostomes species, Strongylus vulgaris, and Strongylus edentatus were the major helminth parasites of donkeys and horses. Conclusion. The frequency of gastrointestinal helminths in equine species was high, especially in donkeys. Hence, strategic deworming using broad-spectrum antihelminthic drugs and a rotational grazing program should be implemented to control and prevent the diseases.
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Elshahawy, I., A. Metwally, and D. Ibrahim. "An abattoir-based study on helminthes of slaughtered goats (Capra hircus L., 1758) in upper Egypt, Egypt." Helminthologia 51, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-014-0210-2.
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Abstract The present study describes the occurrence of various gastrointestinal helminths and liver flukes in goats from post mortem examinations performed between 2010 and 2011. Forty five adult goats were euthanized necropsy examination and for identification of adult gastrointestinal helminths and liver flukes. Eleven animals (24.44 %) were found to be infected with one or more species of gastrointestinal helminth. Haemonchus contortus emerged as the most prevalent species (15.5 %), with Moniezia expansa and Fasciola gigantica also being common (11.11 % and 4.4 %, respectively). Additionally, Haemonchus longistipes, Cysticercus tenuicollis, and Paramphistomum microbothrium were present at low infection rates (2.2 %). Mixed infections were similarly most prevalent. Haemonchus longistipes; the most pathogenic Strongyle nematode of camels was reported for the first time infecting goats in Egypt. The present study indicates that abattoir surveys would reveal the prevalence of various species of problematic helminths, and thus appropriate measures can be adopted to control the respective worms.
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Akande, F. A., O. M. Obisesan, S. D. Adeniji, and D. O. Adelakun. "Detection and identification of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs presented to veterinary clinics in Abeokuta, South-western Nigeria." Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 20, no. 1 (May 16, 2022): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v20i1.3.
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Gastrointestinal parasites of dogs have been incriminated in cases of morbidity and mortality; hence, this study was undertaken to investigate the presence and distribution of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs presented to different veterinary clinics in Abeokuta, Ogun State. One hundred and twenty faecal samples were collected between February to September 2018 from three different veterinary clinics into universal sample bottles that were properly labeled with the age, sex and breed. Samples were processed with Mini-FLOTAC® kit using salt and sugar solution at a specific gravity of 1.3. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and Chi square test was used to determine the association between variables. Of the 120 dogs screened, 37(30.8%) were positive for one or more gastrointestinal helminths: males had a prevalence of 24(20%) while females had a prevalence of 13(10.8%). Prevalence of 29(24.1%) and 8(6.7%) was reported in young and adult dogs respectively. Of the different breeds of dogs sampled; the Nigerian local breed had the highest prevalence 21(17.5%) of gastrointestinal helminths, followed by German shepherd 8(6.7%), Rottweiller 5(4.2%), Boerboel 1(0.8%) Samoyed 1(0.8%) and Pitbull 1(0.8%). A statistically significant association (p<0.05) was recorded between gastrointestinal helminth infection and breed while no statistically significant association (p>0.05) was observed between age, sex and gastrointestinal helminth infection. Six different genera of helminths were recorded in this study: Ancylostoma caninum (17.5%), Toxocara canis (14.1%), Toxascaris leonina (2.5%), Dipylidium caninum (2.5%), Trichuris vulpis (1.7%) and Taenia spp (1.7%). The findings from this study indicated moderate prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth infection. The presence of Ancylostoma caninum, Toxocara canis and Dipylidium caninum infection in this study raises concern about the zoonotic potential of these parasites due to the close relationship between man and dogs.
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Azizah, Wenny Nur, Dony Chrismanto, Sri Pantja Madyawati, and Hana Eliyani. "The Incidence Rate of Helminthiasis in The Digestive Tract of Dairy Cattle in The Partnership of PT. Greenfields Indonesia." Journal of Applied Veterinary Science And Technology 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/javest.v1.i1.2020.11-15.
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Background: One of the partnerships of PT. Greenfields Indonesia is located on the slopes of Mount Kawi, precisely in Pijiombo, Ngadirenggo Village, Wlingi District, Blitar Regency. The tropical situation in this area is very humid and has high rainfall. It causes dairy cattle to be infected with helminths. Therefore, observations of the incidence rate of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in dairy cattle are needed. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in dairy cattle in the partnership of PT. Greenfields Indonesia. Method: Fecal samples from 36 dairy cattle were collected and examined using native, sedimentation, and flotation techniques. Result: Indicated that the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in the dairy cattle was about 66,66%. There were 24 dairy cattle positively and 12 cattle negatively. Helminth species found included class Nematoda (Haemonchus contortus, Oesophagostomum radiatum, Bunostomum phlebotomum, Mecistocirrus digitatus, and Gaigeria pachyscelis) and Cestoda (Moniezia expansa). Conclusion: The incidence rate of helminthiasis was quite high dairy cattle in the partnership of PT. Greenfields Indonesia.
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Orevaoghene, Onosakponome, Evelyn, Nyenke Clement Ugochukwu, Ikpeama, Roseanne Adah, Ezenwaka, Chinonye Oluchi, and Enyinnaya Stella Ogbonnie. "Anaemia a Monitoring Tool for Helminth Infection." Asian Journal of Medicine and Health 22, no. 3 (March 4, 2024): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i3993.
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Helminthic infections also known as worm infections affect mostly the gastrointestinal tracts. They are caused by parasites known as helminths. The infection is capable of causing blood loss which often leads to anaemia. However the severity of anaemia is dependent on the intensity of the infection. With an estimated 3.5 billion infected individuals globally, helminth infections are among the most prevalent infections. In tropical and subtropical regions, these infections primarily affect the most impoverished and disadvantaged communities that have limited access to clean water, sanitation, and hygiene. The highest prevalence of these infections has been reported from sub-Saharan Africa, China, and South America. The major helminths that causes anaemia includes Hook worm (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma. duodenale), Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiuria (whip worm). Hookworms and whipworms are examples of helminths that cause iron-deficiency anaemia through blood consumption and by causing damage to the intestinal mucosa during feeding. It is estimated that adult hookworms consume 0.05 to 0.2 milliliters of blood per day per worm, with an average daily blood loss of 26.4 milliliters in adult subjects infected with A. Duodenale. There are many risk factors which can lead to acquiring these infections and they include eating raw or undercooked meat and fish, poor hygiene, inadequate availability of clean water, poor sanitation. Some of the symptoms includes blood loss, abdominal pain, vomitting. Helminth infection can be diagnosed through direct wet mount, concentration technique and stool sample is used for this diagnosis. Helminth infections can be treated using antihelminthic drugs. Helminths can be prevented through safe sanitary facilites, maintainance of personal hygiene mass deworming in the affected areas and health education. In conclusion a well developed medical health care system should be put in place to control the devastating effects helminths infections.
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Zaman, Rimi Farhana, Ameena Khatun, Shahela Alam, Farhana Muznebin, and Hamida Khanum. "Comparative incidence of Helminth parasites in domestic fowl, white leg horne, layer and cock." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 44, no. 2 (June 13, 2017): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v44i2.32764.
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Investigation on gastrointestinal helminths was conducted on 20 domestic fowl, 20 white leghorn, 20 layer and 20 cock of Dhaka city. Six species of helminth belonging to trematode, cestode and nematode were found to infect the different parts of alimentary canal of domestic fowl. The prevalence of helminths in domestic fowl were as follows: Catatropis verrucosa (25%), Amoebotaenia sphenoides (10%), Hymenolepis cantaniana (35%), Rallietina echinobothrida (55%), Ascardia galli (70%) and Heterakis gallinarum (30%) whereas, in white leghorn the prevalence of Rallietina echinobothrida (20%) and Ascardia galli (35%) were recorded. In layer, higher prevalence of Rallietina echinobothrida (55%) and Ascardia galli (60%) were recorded; in cock the prevalence of specific helminthes were as follows: Hymenolepis cantaniana (10%), Rallietina echinobothrida (40%), Cotugnia digonopora (20%), Ascardia galli (60%) and Heterakis gallinarum (25%). Along with the prevalence and intensity of infestation of different species of parasites, intensity were also recorded. Highest number of parasites were collected from intestine.Bangladesh J. Zool. 44(2): 245-254, 2016
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Monroe, Lee S. "Chemotherapy of gastrointestinal helminths." Gastroenterology 90, no. 1 (January 1986): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(86)90115-0.
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Abdullah, SM, Amrito Barman, Md Yakub Ali, Md Saiful Islam, and Uday Kumar Mohanta. "Morphological Identification and Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminths in Backyard Chicken From Selected Areas of Bangladesh." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 8, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v8i1.53276.
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Poultry industry is the promising sub-sector in livestock, which has been expanding day by day. Among the poultry species, backyard chicken is one of the appropriate incomes generating species in rural areas of Bangladesh. Parasitic infections have been considered as one of the major hindrances for backyard chicken rearing. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths of backyard chicken in some selected areas of Bangladesh through their detailed morphological identification. A total number of 108 gastrointestinal tracts were examined for helminths from April 2018 to July 2018. The collected helminths were identified according to the keys and description of Yamaguti (1961) and Soulsby (1982). A high rate of helminth infection (100%) was observed in backyard chickens in Bangladesh. One cestode, Raillietina tetragona (67.59%); two nematodes, Ascaridia galli (43.51%) and Heterakis gallinarum (28.70%); and two trematodes, Catatropis verrucosa (21.29%) and Echinostoma revolutum (6.48%) were encountered during the study. Most of the helminths were recovered from small intestine followed by caecum. All five species of helminths were found from Dhaka and Pabna, but surprisingly no trematodes were found from Bandarban. Out of 108 chickens, 29.62% were infected with single species of helminths while the rest 70.38% harbored mixed infections. This work strongly suggests that helminths create serious problems in backyard chicken as they hamper production and therefore, appropriate control strategies are needed to design for better production.
Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.8(1): 145-155, April 2021
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de Lima Saes, Isabela, Juliana Alencar Gonçalves, Tábata Alves do Carmo, Mateus Oliveira Mena, Isabela de Almeida Cipriano, Giordani Mascoli de Favare, Hornblenda Joaquina Silva Bello, Gabriel Jabismar Guelpa, and Ricardo Velludo Gomes de Soutello. "Seasonality and Dynamics of Gastrointestinal Helminths in Grazing Horses." Acta Veterinaria 72, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acve-2022-0012.
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Abstract The prevalence of helminths in horses may vary, depending on climatic factors and host susceptibility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the seasonal dynamics of helminth infection in grazing horses, from October 2015 to September 2016. In total, 104 crossbred horses of different age groups, males and females in a single herd, participated in this study. Individual fecal samples were collected every 28 days for counting of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) and fecal cultures. The horses were evaluated individually for weight, body condition score (BCS) and clinical status. Climatic information relating to the farm was also collected. The categories most affected by helminths were foals and senior horses, with EPG averages of 1271.9 and 1186.5, respectively. The EPG averages for all animal categories together, in the four seasons were: 1042.1 spring; 1508.9 summer; 817.8 autumn; and 571.1 winter. Through the body condition evaluation, it was seen that senior animals presented the lowest BCS in all seasons. It was concluded that the season in which these animals were most affected by helminth infections was the summer and that the most susceptible categories were foals and senior horses.
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Lawal, Jallailudeen Rabana, Saleh Mohammed Jajere, Umar Isa Ibrahim, Abdullahi Abubakar Biu, and Dauda Jonathan. "Epidemiology of gastrointestinal helminths among chickens (<em>Gallus domesticus</em>) from Borno State, Northeastern Nigeria: prevalence, helminth burden and associated risk factors." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 76 (November 15, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.37127.
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The aim of this study was to analyse the epidemiology of gastrointestinal helminths among local and exotic breeds of chickens in Borno State, Northeastern Nigeria. Fresh faecal samples (n=800) were collected from birds at live poultry markets (Maiduguri metropolis, Jere and Bama Local Government Areas) and Veterinary Hospitals. They were processed according to standard parasitological techniques. A total of 438 samples had one or more helminths, giving an overall prevalence of 54.8% (95%CI: 51.3 – 58.2). These included five nematodes, Ascaridia galli (14.6%), Heterakis gallinarum (9.8%), Capillaria spp. (5.5%), Strongyloides avium (4.1%), Subulura brumpti and three cestodes, Raillietina tetragona (6.6%), Raillietina echinobothrida (3.5%), Davainea proglottina (2.1%). Ascaridia galli were the most common helminths and Davainea proglottina were the least common. Epidemiological variables, such as sex (female), age (adults > 5mo), season (rainy), health status (clinically sick birds), breed (local birds) and study location (Veterinary Hospitals) had a significantly high impact (p<0.0001) on the prevalence of helminths. Single and mixed helminth infections were observed. Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinarum co-infection was frequently encountered, while Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum and Capillaria spp. infections were less common. In order to improve parasite control in poultry management systems and produce healthy chickens for human consumption, a long-term control plan for gastrointestinal helminth infections in the poultry production system is recommended.
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Cigarroa-Toledo, N., Y. De Los Santos-Martinez, C. V. Zaragoza-Vera, M. M. Garcia-Rodriguez, C. M. Baak-Baak, C. Machain-Williams, J. E. Garcia-Rejon, J. A. Panti-May, and O. M. Torres-Chable. "Research Note. Occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths in commensal rodents from Tabasco, Mexico." Helminthologia 54, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helm-2017-0014.
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Summary The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and species composition of helminths in commensal rodents captured inside private residences in the city of Villahermosa in Tabasco, Mexico. Trapping was performed at each house for three consecutive nights from October to December 2015. Fifty commensal rodents were captured: 23 Rattus norvegicus, 16 Mus musculus and 11 Rattus rattus. Rodents were transported alive to the laboratory and held in cages until they defecated. Feces were analyzed for helminth eggs using the Sheather’s flotation technique. The overall prevalence of helminths in rodents was 60 %: R. norvegicus was more likely to be parasitized (87.0 %) than R. rattus (63.6 %) and M. musculus (18.8 %). Eggs from at least 13 species of helminths were identified: Hymenolepis diminuta, Rodentolepis nana, Moniliformis moniliformis, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, Heterakis spumosa, Mastophorus muris, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Strongyloides ratti, Syphacia obvelata, Syphacia muris, Toxocara sp., Trichosomoides crassicauda, and Trichuris muris. This is the first study to report the presence of H. polygyrus, S. ratti and T. crassicauda in commensal rodents in Mexico. In conclusion, our results suggest that helminths commonly infect commensal rodents in Villahermosa and therefore rodents present a health risk to inhabitants in this region.
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Tamang, Semsal, and Punya Ram Sukupayo. "Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites in Livestock of Kavrepalanchok." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 27, no. 2 (November 5, 2022): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v27i2.39465.
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The study was carried out in Mandandeupur Municipality, Kavrepalanchok from December 2018 to May 2019. A total of 131 fecal samples of livestock were collected and examined under a microscope by using direct smear and sedimentation technique. Overall, 65.65% of samples were found positive with various types of gastrointestinal helminth parasites. Samples were collected from cows, buffaloes, and goats. Among the samples collected, the highest prevalence (76.47%) was observed among the cows and the least was found among buffaloes (57.14%) but was found statistically insignificant (p>0.05). The study revealed a prevalence of nematodes (74.47%), cestodes (7.70%) and trematodes (3.10%). The prevalence of Strongylus sp. was found highest (35.88%) and the prevalence of Cooperia sp., Hymenolepsis sp., Enterobius sp. and Fasciola sp. were found similar (0.8%). In sex wise study, both males and females of livestock were found about equally infected. In the same way, the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths was found about similar in both the winter and summer seasons. In age wise prevalence, the adult was more infected (68.27%) with gastrointestinal helminth parasites than the young (55.55%) which was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). In the present study, single infection was found highest (47.29%) and multiple infections were found least (2.29%). The samples collected from non-dewormed livestock were found highly (71%) positive for gastrointestinal helminths. The relation between deworming and prevalence was statistically significant (p<0.05). Only 37.25% of farmers maintain the cleanliness of the shed by removing feces from the animal shed every day and only 23.53% of farmers know about the mode of transmission of gastrointestinal helminths in livestock.
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Satyal, RC, S. Manandhar, S. Dhakal, BR Mahato, S. Chaulagain, L. Ghimire, and YR Pandeya. "Prevalence of gastrointestinal zoonotic helminths in dogs of Kathmandu, Nepal." International Journal of Infection and Microbiology 2, no. 3 (September 17, 2013): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i3.8211.
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INTRODUCTION: Considering the close association of dog and human beings and increasing trend of pet rearing, it is important to know the status of zoonotic helminths of pet and stray dogs and awareness of owners about this in Kathmandu, Nepal. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal zoonotic helminth parasites in dogs and to assess the awareness about canine helminth zoonoses in pet owners. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September- 2012 to December- 2013. A total of 210 fecal samples (105 each from pet and stray dogs) were collected perrectally and examined by using Formalin-Ether Concentration method. Questionnaire survey was carried out among dog owners. RESULTS: The prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths was 46.7% (98/210). Out of 98 positive samples five different parasite species observed were Ancylostoma spp. 52.0% (51/98), Toxocara canis 41.8% (41/98), Taenia/Echinococcus spp. 15/98 (15.3%), Dipylidium caninum, 9.2% (9/98), and Trichuris vulpis, 5.1% (5/98). Prevalence was higher in stray dogs (56.2% vs. 37.1%) (p<0.05); in females (51.6% vs. 39.8%) (p>0.05); in younger dogs up to 2 years of age (56.3% vs. 35.7%) (p<0.05); in non-dewormed dogs (72.7% vs. 33.0%) (p<0.05) and in dogs sharing rooms with owner (46.1% vs. 13.8%) (p<0.05). Only 11.4% of the owners surveyed were aware about canine helminth zoonoses. CONCLUSIONS: Due to potential risk of zoonotic helminths to human beings and low level of zoonoses awareness in pet owners, there is need of generating awareness to pet owners regarding periodic anthelminthic treatment of pet dogs and other prevention and control measures. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i3.8211 Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(3):91-94
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Llinás-Caballero, Kevin, and Luis Caraballo. "Helminths and Bacterial Microbiota: The Interactions of Two of Humans’ “Old Friends”." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 21 (November 1, 2022): 13358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113358.
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Humans have coexisted with helminths and bacteria for the entire existence of our species. Nowadays, helminth infections affect more than 1.9 billion people worldwide, especially in underdeveloped regions that lack optimal sanitary conditions. In addition, commensal microorganisms inhabit several compartments of humans, including the gastrointestinal tract, constituting what we know as the microbiota. Helminths and bacterial microbiota can interact in various ways. In this review, the interactions between helminths and commensal bacteria are analyzed in both animal models and humans. In developing countries, the gut microbiota exhibits high diversity, which could be linked to the high burden of helminthiasis in these areas. In fact, several studies show that helminth infections are associated with an increased gut microbiota diversity and changes in its composition. Interestingly, these changes can modify the risk for some diseases, such as asthma, colitis, viral infections, and metabolic conditions. Besides, the microbiota is necessary for the establishment of some helminth infections and can also influence the evolution of these diseases. Specific bacterial taxa can contribute to the resistance or susceptibility to certain helminths. The mechanisms underlying helminth–microbiota interactions are not completely understood. More research is necessary to address this and other unmet needs, especially considering that available studies are heterogeneous and sometimes yield conflicting results
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Y. Tula, Musa, Richard Elisha, Usman U. Wafari, and Zulkifli M. Usman. "Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic helminths among school-aged children from two selected primary schools in Mubi-north L.G.A., Adamawa State, Nigeria." Kanem Journal Medical Sciences 16, no. 1 (June 20, 2022): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36020/kjms.2022.1601.002.
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ABSTRACT Background: Infections involving parasitic helminths constitute a major health challenge especially as it affects children from rural and sub-urban communities of developing countries. It is also reported to be an influential cause of morbidity in children of school age who harbour the peak burden and the damaging effect of the worm invasion. Objectives: This was a cross-sectional institutional-based study aimed at investigating the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic helminths from two selected primary schools in Mubi-North LGA, Adamawa State. Methodology: Faecal samples were collected from 150 pupils of Staff Primary School, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, and Mubi I Primary School Lokuwa and were examined for eggs/larvae of intestinal helminths using direct smear and formal ether concentration methods. Results: The results showed an overall prevalence of 22.0% consisting of four species of helminthic parasites which includes Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale, Taenia solium, and Schistosoma mansoni. Staff Primary School had the highest occurrence of S. mansoni (5.3%), while Mubi I Primary School had the highest occurrence of A. duodenale (10.7%), A. lumbricoides (8.0%), and T. solium (5.3%). On the overall, Ancylostoma duodenale (10.0%) was the most predominant parasite, while the least was T. solium (3.3%). The result of the odd ratio and chi-square (OR=1.263, CI=0.582-2.742, P=0.554) showed that pupils in Mubi I Primary School are 1.263 times more likely to be infected with gastrointestinal helminths than pupils of Staff Primary School, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, but with no statistical difference. The relationship between gender and infection with gastrointestinal helminthic parasites (OR =1.017, 95% CI = 0.456-2.269, P=0.967) showed that females stand a higher chance of being infected with gastrointestinal helminths than their male counterparts, but the difference is not significant. The highest prevalence of A. lumbricoides and S. mansoni was observed among males, while the highest prevalence of Ancylostoma duodenale and T. Solium was observed among females. The age group 8-10 years had the highest prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites, but with no statistical difference from other age brackets (P=0.514). Conclusion: Despite low prevalence, there is, the need for urgent development of high-quality preventive and control measures that is compliant with the endemic or highly prevalent communities.
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BOURKE, C. D., R. M. MAIZELS, and F. MUTAPI. "Acquired immune heterogeneity and its sources in human helminth infection." Parasitology 138, no. 2 (October 15, 2010): 139–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182010001216.
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SUMMARYSimilarities in the immunobiology of different parasitic worm infections indicate that co-evolution of humans and helminths has shaped a common anti-helminth immune response. However, recentin vitroand immuno-epidemiological studies highlight fundamental differences and plasticity within host-helminth interactions. The ‘trade-off’ between immunity and immunopathology inherent in host immune responses occurs on a background of genetic polymorphism, variable exposure patterns and infection history. For the parasite, variation in life-cycle and antigen expression can influence the effector responses directed against them. This is particularly apparent when comparing gastrointestinal and tissue-dwelling helminths. Furthermore, insights into the impact of anti-helminthic treatment and co-infection on acquired immunity suggest that immune heterogeneity arises not from hosts and parasites in isolation, but also from the environment in which immune responses develop. Large-scale differences observed in the epidemiology of human helminthiases are a product of complex host-parasite-environment interactions which, given potential for exposure to parasite antigensin utero, can arise even before a parasite interacts with its human host. This review summarizes key differences identified in human acquired immune responses to nematode and trematode infections of public health importance and explores the factors contributing to these variations.
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Cavaco, B., L. M. Madeira de Carvalho, E. Shimoda, M. Santoro, and M. R. Werneck. "Helminth Fauna of Juvenile Green Sea Turtles (Chelonia mydas) from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil." Helminthologia 60, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/helm-2023-0021.
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Summary The helminth fauna of juvenile green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas Linnaeus, 1758) is still poorly known. Herein, we study the gastrointestinal helminths of 28 juvenile green sea turtles found stranded on the north coast of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. All turtles were infected showing a rich helminth fauna. In total, 14802 trematodes belonging to 30 species and 5 families including Micros-caphidiidae, Plagiorchiidae, Pronocephalidae, Hapalotrematidae, and Telorchiidae were recovered. An unidentified nematode specimens was also found. The mean intensity was 536 (95% CI = 362 – 853) (range: 1 – 2831), and the species richness was 7.86 (95% CI = 6.46 – 9.21) (range: 1 – 17). The coast of Rio de Janeiro state represents new locality records for Angiodictyum posterovitellatum, Microscaphidium aberrans, M. warui, Octangium hyphalum, O. sagitta, Enodiotrema reductum and Pleurogonius laterouterus. This study confirms that the green sea turtle harbors the richest helminth fauna among sea turtle species and provides useful information on the gastrointestinal helminths of a poorly known stage in the life cycle of this endangered chelonian.
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Liu, J., R. A. Morey, J. K. Wilson, and W. Parker. "Practices and outcomes of self-treatment with helminths based on physicians' observations." Journal of Helminthology 91, no. 3 (May 31, 2016): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x16000316.
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AbstractThe successful use of helminths as therapeutic agents to resolve inflammatory disease was first recorded 40 years ago. Subsequent work in animal models and in humans has demonstrated that the organisms might effectively treat a wide range of inflammatory diseases, including allergies, autoimmune disorders and inflammation-associated neuropsychiatric disorders. However, available information regarding the therapeutic uses and effects of helminths in humans is limited. This study probes the practices and experiences of individuals ‘self-treating’ with helminths through the eyes of their physicians. Five physicians monitoring more than 700 self-treating patients were interviewed. The results strongly support previous indications that helminth therapy can effectively treat a wide range of allergies, autoimmune conditions and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as major depression and anxiety disorders. Approximately 57% of the self-treating patients observed by physicians in the study had autism. Physicians reported that the majority of patients with autism and inflammation-associated co-morbidities responded favourably to therapy with either of the two most popular organisms currently used by self-treaters, Hymenolepis diminuta and Trichuris suis. However, approximately 1% of paediatric patients experienced severe gastrointestinal pains with the use of H. diminuta, although the symptoms were resolved with an anti-helminthic drug. Further, exposure to helminths apparently did not affect the impaired comprehension of social situations that is the hallmark of autism. These observations point toward potential starting points for clinical trials, and provide further support for the importance of such trials and for concerted efforts aimed at probing the potential of helminths, and perhaps other biologicals, for therapeutic use.
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LORD, JENNIFER S., STEVE PARKER, FIONA PARKER, and DARREN R. BROOKS. "Gastrointestinal helminths of pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus/Pipistrellus pygmaeus) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) of England." Parasitology 139, no. 3 (January 5, 2012): 366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182011002046.
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SUMMARYAlthough bats are one of the most successful and diverse of mammalian orders, studies that focus upon bat endoparasites are limited. To further knowledge of bat parasitology, pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus) were acquired from across the Greater Manchester and Lancashire region of England and examined for gastrointestinal helminths using morphological and molecular analyses†. Sixty-eight of 90 adult/juvenile bats (76% prevalence) were infected with at least 1 species of helminth and mean helminth abundance was 48·2 (+/−7·0). All helminths were digenean trematodes and the following species were identified in 51 P. pipistrellus specimens (prevalence in parentheses): Lecithodendrium linstowi (80·4%), L. spathulatum (19·6%), Prosthodendrium sp. (35·3%), Plagiorchis koreanus (29·4%) and Pycnoporus heteroporus (9·8%). Statistical analyses, incorporating multifactorial models, showed that male bats exhibited a significantly more aggregated helminth distribution and lower abundance than females. Positive associations were observed between L. linstowi and L. spathulatum, Prosthodendrium sp. and P. heteroporus and between L. spathulatum and P. koreanus. A revised phylogeny of bat-associated Lecithodendriidae, incorporating novel L. spathulatum and Prosthodendrium sp. 28S rRNA sequences, separated the controversial clade formed by L. linstowi and P. hurkovaae. Further studies are likely to assist the understanding of bat-parasite/pathogen relationships, helminth infracommunity structures and phylogenetics.
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Little, Susan, Chris Adolph, Kathryn Downie, Tim Snider, and Mason Reichard. "High Prevalence of Covert Infection With Gastrointestinal Helminths in Cats." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 51, no. 6 (November 1, 2015): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-6221.
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Fecal flotation is routinely used to identify feline helminth infections in clinical practice, but it is known to have limitations of sensitivity, particularly for cestodes. To determine the prevalence of helminths in a contemporary population of cats and evaluate the ability of fecal flotation to detect these infections, helminths were recovered from intestinal tracts removed from 116 adult cats humanely euthanized by an animal control shelter in northeastern Oklahoma. Results were compared to those of fecal flotation performed using both passive and centrifugal techniques. Helminths were identified in 78/116 (67.2%) cats, including Toxocara cati (48/116; 41.4%), Ancylostoma tubaeforme (8/116; 6.9%), Dipylidium caninum (40/116; 34.5%), and Taenia taeniaeformis (30/116; 25.9%). Cats with T. cati were significantly more likely to harbor T. taeniaeformis (P = .001) than cats without ascarids. Centrifugal fecal flotation with sugar solution identified 37/48 (77.1%) T. cati infections, 8/30 (26.7%) T. taeniaeformis infections, and no D. caninum infections. Proglottids were detected on external examination in 19.0% (12/63) of cats with cestodes. Cestodes were present in over half of the cats examined in this study, but the majority of these infections were not evident by the detection of external proglottids or recovery of characteristic stages on fecal flotation.
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Chaisiri, K., M. Chou, C. C. Siew, S. Morand, and A. Ribas. "Gastrointestinal helminth fauna of rodents from Cambodia: emphasizing the community ecology of host–parasite associations." Journal of Helminthology 91, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 726–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x16000869.
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AbstractExtensive field surveys of rodents were conducted in Cambodia from 2008 to 2014 to study the diversity and ecology of helminth infection in wild rodent populations. Gastrointestinal helminths were isolated from 14 species of rodents (569 individuals) trapped from different habitats (forest, dry land, rain-fed land and human settlements) in four provinces of Cambodia (Krong Preah Sihanouk, Mondolkiri, Pursat and Steung Treng). The average prevalence of parasitic infection was 58.5% (range, 16.0–64.7%), and 19 helminth taxa were identified in total. Trichostrongylid nematodes were the most prevalent (25.8%), followed byRaillietinasp. (14.1%),Gongylonema neoplasticum(10.7%),Syphacia muris(9.8%) andHymenolepis diminuta(9.6%). Potential rodent-borne zoonotic helminths were also identified, and the risks of helminthiasis were discussed. The status of helminth infection and species diversity in rodents from settlements were significantly lower than in rodents from forest and peri-domesticated habitats, which indicates that habitat alteration might affect helminth infection and diversity in rodent hosts. Generalized linear models revealed that host attributes (host species and maturity) and environmental factors (habitat and geographical location) were explanatory variables for helminth infection in these rodents. Using network analyses, we showed that the oriental house rat,Rattus tanezumi, was the most central host in the rodent–helminth assemblage, based on the number of helminth taxa it shared with other rodent species. Therefore,R. tanezumicould play an important role in rodent–helminth interactions and helminth transmission to other rodent hosts.
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Owhoeli, Ovutor, Kingsley Elele, and Lebari Barine Gboeloh. "Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminths in Exotic and Indigenous Goats Slaughtered in Selected Abattoirs in Port Harcourt, South-South, Nigeria." Chinese Journal of Biology 2014 (February 13, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/435913.
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A total of 213 faecal samples were collected from four abattoirs and households to determine the prevalence of helminthes infections in exotic and indigenous goats in Port Harcourt, South-South, Nigeria. The study revealed that out of 153 exotic goats (Red Sokoto) Capra hircus, 112 were infected with various species of gastrointestinal helminths; out of 60 indigenous goats (West African dwarf) Capra hircus, 49 were also infected with various types of gastrointestinal helminths. The formol-ether concentration method was used to analyse the specimens. The study revealed that an overall prevalence of (75.5%) was recorded, out of which 57 (76.0%), 55 (70.5%), and 49 (81.6%) were recorded for exotic goat in the months of May–September, 2010, exotic goat in the months October 2010–February, 2011 and for indigenous goats, respectively. The overall prevalence amongst the infected animals was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Species of helminthes revealed from the study were, Haemonchus, Strongyloides, Chabertia, Trichuris, Ostertagia, Bunostomum, Trichostrongyloida, Ascaris, Tenia, Avitelina, Fasciola, Eurytrema, Gastrothylax, Schistosoma, and Dicrocoelium.
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Bwalya, Eugene C., King S. Nalubamba, and B. Namangala. "Prevalence of helminths of importance for human health in stray dogs in Lusaka Zambia." University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2012): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.1.1.331.
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ARTICLE21ABSTRACTStray dogs destined for euthanasia were collected from January 2010 through December 2010 to determine the presence of zoonotic gastrointestinal (GI) helminths in Lusaka district. Atotal of 33 stray dogs (male=18, female=15) were collected, euthanizedandnecropsyinformationobtainedviahelminthological approach. 100% (33/33) were infected with one or more helminth parasites. Multiple infections involving nematodes and cestodes were the most prevalent (63.6%) followed by nematodes only (33.3%) with cestodes only being the least prevalent (3.0%). The most prevalent GI helminth parasite was Ancylostomacaninum(93.9%) with the least prevalent being Toxocaracanis(6.1%). No positive case of Trichinella spiraliswas reported from direct trichinoscopy examination of striated muscles. The mean count per dog of A. caninumwas 44.45 (SD ±58.0) with a range of 0 to 223. The presence of three important zoonotic gastrointestinal helminths (A. caninum,T. canisand Dipylidiumcaninum) reported in this study underscores the importance of controlling helminthosis in stray dogs and stresses the need to establish a national control programme for parasitic diseases in this dog population.This can be achieved through vigorous implementation of the laws governing control of stray dogs and regular deworming of owned dogs. Controlling zoonotic helminths in dogs will ensure a minimal public health risk from the dog population in Zambia since they act as a source of infection to other dogs as well as humans.
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Abdo Jilo, Sufian, Sadik Zakir Abadura, and Sureshkumar P. Nair. "The Study on Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminths (Cestodes, Nematodes, and Trematodes) in Chickens, Dalomana District, Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia." Journal of World’s Poultry Science 1, no. 1 (December 25, 2022): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.58803/jwps.v1i1.3.
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Introduction: Gastrointestinal tract helminthiasis of poultry is a parasitic infection of gastrointestinal parts of poultry by macroparasite which is classified as a tapeworm (cestodes), roundworm (nematodes), and flukeworm (trematodes). Cestodes and nematodes are the common intestinal helminthic infections in local chickens leading to high nutritional and economic loss to the poor farmers of rural areas. Thus, the current study aimed to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites and identify the parasite species that infect local breed chickens in the study area.
Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study on gastrointestinal helminths was conducted on 144 local breeds of chickens raised under a traditional management system in seven kebeles located around Dalomana town of Bale zone, Ethiopia.
Results: Of these chickens, 131 (91%) were infected with one of the five different helminth parasites and 13 (9%) were free of helminth parasites. The results of the current study indicated that 131 (91%) and 107 (74.3%) of the examined chickens were invariably infected by diverse species of cestodes and nematodes species, respectively. The major cestode species recovered from chickens were Raillietina echinobothrida (75.5%), Raillietina tetragona (73.6%), Davainea proglottina (11.1%). The major nematode species encountered were Heterakis gallinarum (37.5%), Ascaridia galli (35.4%), Capillaria anatis (6.9%), Capillaria obsignata (5.6%), and Capillaria annulata (4.9%). Regarding the prevalence of these parasites in relation to age, sex, and kebele, no significant difference was indicated.
Conclusion: The findings of the current study strongly suggested that helminthiasis is a very serious problem of backyard chickens in Dalomana district, Bale zone of Oromia, and appropriate control strategies need to be devised.
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de Almeida Cipriano, Isabela, Giordani Mascoli de Favare, Tábata Alves do Carmo, Mateus Oliveira Mena, Daniel Vitor Ferreira Vicari, Fernanda Calazans Pagnozzi, Tiago Marolato Pacheco, Maria Gabriela Fontanetti Rodrigues, Bruno Ettore Pavan, and Ricardo Velludo Gomes de Soutello. "Epigenetic Investigation Related to Gastrointestinal Helminth Resistance and Performance in Cattle." Acta Veterinaria 74, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acve-2024-0007.
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Abstract The objective was to characterize a herd of 73 Nellore heifers, identifying resistant, resilient, and susceptible animals to gastrointestinal helminths, relating the global methylation of the DNA of these animals with the degree of helminthiasis and factors that interfere with performance. Individual count of eggs per gram of feces (EPG), fecal culture for gender identification, weighing and blood sampling were carried out to determine PCV, STP, EOS, IgG, followed by DNA extraction and methylation analysis. The results were: 47% resistant animals, 34% resilient, and 19% susceptible to gastrointestinal helminth infections, with EPG counts of 53, 216, and 841, respectively, showing a statistical difference between all groups. The quantification of DNA methylation was 0.311, 0.245 and 0.178, respectively, for resistant, resilient, and susceptible animals, with a correlation being found between resistance to gastrointestinal helminths and overall DNA methylation. For weight gain, resistant and resilient animals showed higher values than susceptible ones, with a correlation between weight gain and EPG. The same was observed for VG; however, there was no statistical difference to the EOS, PPT, and IgG values. A significant correlation was found between PCV and EPG; quantifications of PCV and methylated DNA, STP and EPG; VG and STP. Therefore, the methodologies used made it possible to identify the animals regarding the degree of infection by gastrointestinal nematodes, making it possible to correlate the resistance of cattle to helminths with the amount of global DNA methylation and its performance.
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Khan, Aly, Nasira Khatoon, S. Shahid Shaukat, Samina Waheed, Adnan Khan, and Rozmeen Nil. "Helminth Associated Infections Among Residents of Karachi." RADS Journal of Biological Research & Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.37962/jbas.v11i2.378.
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Background: Parasitic Helminth parasite affects approximately 2 million individuals yearly throughout the world. These infections are extremely important while often receive inadequate consideration. Helminths are among the gastrointestinal parasites mainly involved in an increased ratio of inflammatory bowel disease, especially in underdeveloped and developed countries.
Objectives: To study the prevalence of helminth eggs in stool samples collected from five hospitals of Gulistan-e-Johar area of Karachi, Sindh among different age groups of male and female patients, the targeted age groups were < 1-14, 15-40 and > 40 yrs.
Methodology: All the samples included in the study, were collected according to ethical review board policy of the participating hospital. Stool Samples were obtained from a total of 1042 patients, of which 198 samples were found to be positive for helminth eggs. The helminths included were Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenales and Hymenolepis nana. The association between helminth infection (A. lumbricoides, A. duodenale and H. nana) and age group was found to be significant.
Results: Data was structured into male and female, and the association between sex and the intensity of infection gave highly significant results based on the chi-square test. Males showed a noticeable prevalence of helminths than females. Single, double and triple infections were also recorded.
Conclusion: Present study could be very beneficial for developing programs not only for awareness in the urban and rural population but also for the control of infections due to helminths in Pakistan.
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SCHOU, T. W., A. PERMIN, H. R. JUUL-MADSEN, P. SØRENSEN, R. LABOURIAU, T. L. H. NGUYÊN, M. FINK, and S. L. PHAM. "Gastrointestinal helminths in indigenous and exotic chickens in Vietnam: association of the intensity of infection with the Major Histocompatibility Complex." Parasitology 134, no. 4 (December 14, 2006): 561–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182006002046.
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This study compared the prevalence and intensity of infections of helminths in 2 chicken breeds in Vietnam, the indigenous Ri and the exotic Luong Phuong. Also, possible correlations with the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) were tested. The most prevalent helminths were Ascaridia galli, Heterakis beramporia, Tetrameres mothedai, Capillaria obsignata, Raillietina echinobothrida and Raillietina tetragona. Differences in prevalence and intensity of infection were found between the 2 breeds. Comparing the 2 groups of adult birds, Ri chickens were observed to have higher prevalence and infection intensities of several species of helminths, as well as a higher mean number of helminth species. In contrast, A. galli and C. obsignata were shown to be more prevalent in Luong Phuong chickens. Furthermore, an age-dependent difference was indicated in the group of Ri chickens in which the prevalence and the intensity of infection was higher for the adult than the young chickens for most helminths. The most notable exception was the significantly lower prevalence and intensities of A. galli in the group of adult chickens. In contrast, the prevalence and intensity were very similar in both age groups of Luong Phuong chickens. Using a genetic marker located in the MHC, a statistically significant correlation between several MHC haplotypes and the infection intensity of different helminth species was inferred. This is the first report of an association of MHC haplotype with the intensity of parasite infections in chickens.
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Varyani, Fumi, John O. Fleming, and Rick M. Maizels. "Helminths in the gastrointestinal tract as modulators of immunity and pathology." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 312, no. 6 (June 1, 2017): G537—G549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00024.2017.
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Helminth parasites are highly prevalent in many low- and middle-income countries, in which inflammatory bowel disease and other immunopathologies are less frequent than in the developed world. Many of the most common helminths establish themselves in the gastrointestinal tract and can exert counter-inflammatory influences on the host immune system. For these reasons, interest has arisen as to how parasites may ameliorate intestinal inflammation and whether these organisms, or products they release, could offer future therapies for immune disorders. In this review, we discuss interactions between helminth parasites and the mucosal immune system, as well as the progress being made toward identifying mechanisms and molecular mediators through which it may be possible to attenuate pathology in the intestinal tract.
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Dubie, Teshager, Shilmat Sire, Gizachew Fentahun, and Fanuel Bizuayehu. "Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminths of Dogs and Associated Factors in Hawassa City of Sidama Region, Ethiopia." Journal of Parasitology Research 2023 (February 6, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6155741.
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A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Sidama region’s Hawassa town from March 2021 to July 2021 with the aim of estimating the prevalence and associated factors of dog gastrointestinal helminths. A total of 384 dogs were randomly selected, and their feces were examined using a flotation technique. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses were employed, and a P -value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Accordingly, 56% ( n = 215 ; 95% CI, 49.26–62.66) of dogs had gastrointestinal helminth parasite infection, of which 42.2% ( n = 162 ) had a single infection and 13.8% ( n = 53 ) had a mixed infection. In this study, Strongyloides sp. was the most detected helminth (24.2%), followed by Ancylostoma sp. (15.37%), Trichuris vulpis (14.6%), Toxocara canis (5.73%), Echinococcus sp. (5.47%), and Dipylidium caninum (4.43%). Out of the total sampled dogs tested positive for one or more gastrointestinal helminths, 37.5% ( n = 144 ) were males and 18.5% ( n = 71 ) were females. The total prevalence of helminth infections did not change significantly ( P > 0.05 ) by the gender, age, and breed of dogs. The present study’s high prevalence of dog helminthiasis reflects a high occurrence of infection and a concern to the public’s health. In light of this conclusion, it is advised that dog owners improve their standards of hygiene. In addition, they should regularly take their animals to veterinary care and frequently administer the appropriate anthelmintics available to their dogs.
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Campbell, Laura, Matthew R. Hepworth, Jayde Whittingham-Dowd, Seona Thompson, Allison J. Bancroft, Kelly S. Hayes, Tovah N. Shaw, et al. "ILC2s mediate systemic innate protection by priming mucus production at distal mucosal sites." Journal of Experimental Medicine 216, no. 12 (October 3, 2019): 2714–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20180610.
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Host immunity to parasitic nematodes requires the generation of a robust type 2 cytokine response, characterized by the production of interleukin 13 (IL-13), which drives expulsion. Here, we show that infection with helminths in the intestine also induces an ILC2-driven, IL-13–dependent goblet cell hyperplasia and increased production of mucins (Muc5b and Muc5ac) at distal sites, including the lungs and other mucosal barrier sites. Critically, we show that type 2 priming of lung tissue through increased mucin production inhibits the progression of a subsequent lung migratory helminth infection and limits its transit through the airways. These data show that infection by gastrointestinal-dwelling helminths induces a systemic innate mucin response that primes peripheral barrier sites for protection against subsequent secondary helminth infections. These data suggest that innate-driven priming of mucus barriers may have evolved to protect from subsequent infections with multiple helminth species, which occur naturally in endemic areas.
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Hatam-Nahavandi, Kareem, David Carmena, Mostafa Rezaeian, Hamed Mirjalali, Hanieh Mohammad Rahimi, Milad Badri, Aida Vafae Eslahi, et al. "Gastrointestinal Parasites of Domestic Mammalian Hosts in Southeastern Iran." Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 4 (March 29, 2023): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10040261.
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Gastrointestinal parasites (GIP) are a major cause of disease and production loss in livestock. Some have zoonotic potential, so production animals can be a source of human infections. We describe the prevalence of GIP in domestic mammals in Southeastern Iran. Fresh fecal samples (n = 200) collected from cattle (n = 88), sheep (n = 50), goats (n = 23), camels (n = 30), donkeys (n = 5), horse (n = 1), and dogs (n = 3) were subjected to conventional coprological examination for the detection of protozoan (oo)cysts and helminth ova. Overall, 83% (166/200) of the samples were positive for one or more GIP. Helminths were found in dogs, donkeys, sheep (42%), camels (37%), goats (30%), and cattle (19%), but not in the horse. Protozoa were found in cattle (82%), goats (78%), sheep (60%), and camels (13%), but not in donkeys, dogs, or the horse. Lambs were 3.5 times more likely to be infected by protozoa than sheep (OR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.05–11.66), whereas sheep were at higher odds of being infected by helminths than lambs (OR = 4.09, 95% CI: 1.06–16.59). This is the first study assessing the prevalence of GIP in domestic mammals in Southeastern Iran.
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Jha, Bina, Ranjana Gupta, Janak Raj Subedi, and Bijay Chhetri. "Gastrointestinal parasites of feral pigeon (Columba livia Gmelin, 1789) at two temples of Kathmandu valley." Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine 8, no. 2 (April 30, 2023): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2022.330.
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Protozoans, helminths and other gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infections in Aves are an imperative but often ignored topic in rising nations like Nepal. Accurate inspections of GI parasites in feral pigeons inform pragmatic treatment regimens. In a prospective examination of intestinal parasites in the coprological study of feral pigeons in April 2016, a total of 120 samples were preserved in 2.5% potassium dichromate and examined by microscopy of direct and concentrated faecal sample techniques to detect ova, larvae, and oocysts of parasites. Altogether 109 (90.83%) samples were positive with 6 genera of GI parasites. The study identified one genus of protozoa: Eimeria sp. (43.34%) and five genera of helminths: Capillaria sp. (51.67%), Ascaridia sp. (27.50%), Heterakis sp. (19.17%), Syngamus sp. (4.17%) and Tetrameres sp. (1.70%). The prevalence rate of helminth parasites (83.34%) was higher than the prevalence rate of protozoan parasites (43.34%). The present study revealed a significant difference in the prevalence of helminths and protozoan parasites (χ²=15.14, p<0.05). However, the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites showed no significant variation with respect to single and mixed infection (χ² =1.56, p>0.05). The present study examined a higher prevalence rate of gastrointestinal parasites due to a lack of deworming programs in feral pigeons and a lack of sustainable action designs. Therefore, the sustainable action design and its implementation to control parasitic infection and reduce the health hazards of feral temple pigeons were recommended.
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Kresta, Amy E., Scott E. Henke, and Danny B. Pence. "GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTHS IN RACCOONS IN TEXAS." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 45, no. 1 (January 2009): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-45.1.1.
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Hamdan, Nur Elfieyra Syazana, Wan Nurainie Wan Ismail, and M. T. Abdullah. "A Preliminary Survey of Gastrointestinal Helminths of Murids (Rodentia: Muridae) at Five Selected Localities in Western Sarawak." Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 6, no. 1 (June 29, 2016): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.216.2016.
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Field survey of gastrointestinal helminths on rodents from family Muridae were conducted at five localities inWestern Sarawak from June 2013 until April 2014. A total of 31 host individuals comprising six species ofmurids were examined for gastrointestinal helminths using opportunistic necropsy. The hosts examined wereLeopoldamys sabanus, Maxomys rajah, M. surifer, M. whiteheadi, Niviventer cremoriventer and Sundamysmuelleri. Of these host species, 186 individuals consisting of two taxonomic groups of helminths wererecovered, namely Nematoda and Cestoda. This study contributes to the growing literature on the infestation ofendoparasites in rodents especially in Sarawak.
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Permin, A., H. Magwisha, A. A. Kassuku, P. Nansen, M. Bisgaard, F. Frandsen, and L. Gibbons. "A cross-sectional study of helminths in rural scavenging poultry in Tanzania in relation to season and climate." Journal of Helminthology 71, no. 3 (September 1997): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00015972.
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AbstractA cross-sectional study on the prevalence of helminths in rural scavenging poultry on six hundred adult chickens selected randomly from six villages in the Morogoro Region, Tanzania during the wet and the dry seasons, was conducted. The trachea and gastrointestinal tract of each bird were examined for the presence of parasites. All chickens were infected with one or several species of helminths, the average being 4.8 ±1.7 helminths per chicken during the wet season and 5.1 ± 1.8 during the dry season. A total of 29 different helminth species were shown in the trachea or the gastrointestinal tract. The following species were identified: Syngamus trachea (0.7% (wet season), 2% (dry season)); Gongylonema ingluvicola (6.3%, 17.7%); Tetrameres americana (54.3%, 60.3%); Dispharynx nasuta (0%, 2.7%); Acuaria hamulosa (8.3%, 19.3%); Ascaridia galli (28.3%, 32.3%); Heterakis gallinarum (74.0%, 78.7%); H. isolonche (18.7%, 5.0%); H. dispar (25.7%, 6.3%); Allodapa suctoria (40.0%, 52.0%); Subulura strongylina (3.3%, 1.0%); Strongyloides avium (0.3%, 3.0%); Capillaria annulata (2.0%, 0.0%); C. contorta (9.0%, 1.0%); C. caudinflata (2.0%, 4.3%); C. obsignata (8.7%, 25.0%); C. anatis (4.0%, 9.0%); C. bursata (1.0%, 2.7%); Raillietina echinobothrida (41.3%, 46.3%); R. tetragona (25.3%, 21.3%); R. cesticillus (8.7%, 2.7%); Choanotaenia infundibulum (0.0%, 3.7%); Hymenolepis carioca (9.0%, 18.0%); H. cantaniana (48.0%, 43.0%); Amoebotaenia cuneata (39.3%, 36.0%); Metroliasthes lucida (1.0%, 0.3%); Davainea proglottina (5.7%, 0.3%) and Polymorphus boschadis (0.3%, 0.0%). No trematodes were found. No correlation was found between season and prevalence, or season and mean worm burdens. Twelve helminths of the species recovered represent new local records.
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Cortés, Alba, Laura E. Peachey, Timothy P. Jenkins, Riccardo Scotti, and Cinzia Cantacessi. "Helminths and microbes within the vertebrate gut – not all studies are created equal." Parasitology 146, no. 11 (July 31, 2019): 1371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118201900088x.
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AbstractThe multifaceted interactions occurring between gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic helminths and the host gut microbiota are emerging as a key area of study within the broader research domain of host-pathogen relationships. Over the past few years, a wealth of investigations has demonstrated that GI helminths interact with the host gut flora, and that such interactions result in modifications of the host immune and metabolic statuses. Nevertheless, whilst selected changes in gut microbial composition are consistently observed in response to GI helminth infections across several host-parasite systems, research in this area to date is largely characterised by inconsistent findings. These discrepancies are particularly evident when data from studies of GI helminth-microbiota interactions conducted in humans from parasite-endemic regions are compared. In this review, we provide an overview of the main sources of variance that affect investigations on helminth-gut microbiota interactions in humans, and propose a series of methodological approaches that, whilst accounting for the inevitable constraints of fieldwork, are aimed at minimising confounding factors and draw biologically meaningful interpretations from highly variable datasets.
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Tabasshum, Taniza, Mandira Mukutmoni, and Aleya Begum. "Occurrence of gastrointestinal Helminths in captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 46, no. 2 (December 2, 2018): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v46i2.39065.
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A total of 66 (sixty-six) fresh fecal samples were collected during July 2017 to October 2018 from rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) residing in Bangladesh National Zoo, Dhaka. Samples were analyzed applying formol-ether concentration technique. All the rhesus macaques, irrespective of age and sex, were found to be infested with one or more species of gastrointestinal (GI) helminth parasites. Ascaris spp. was noticed in all the fecal samples. Overall intensity of helminths was higher in male (38.53) that in female (31.04) comprising the maximum (58.08) in adult male (p < 0.005). The highest intensity was of Ascaris spp. (3.33 ± 1.39) and found in adult male hosts. Young female rhesus macaques displayed the maximum intensity of Trichuris spp. (3.56 ± 0.73).
Bangladesh J. Zool. 46(2): 231-237, 2018
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Junker, Kerstin, Andrea Spickett, Monlee Swanepoel, Boris R. Krasnov, Joop Boomker, and Louwrens C. Hoffman. "Gastrointestinal helminths from the common warthog, Phacochoerus africanus (Gmelin) (Suidae), in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa, with comments on helminths of Suidae and Tayassuidae worldwide." Parasitology 146, no. 12 (June 6, 2019): 1541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182019000684.
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AbstractThirty warthogs, Phacochoerus africanus, were collected in the Pongola Game Reserve, South Africa and examined for helminths. Gastrointestinal helminth assemblages comprised Gastrodiscus aegyptiacus, the cestode genus Moniezia and seven species of nematodes. A single warthog harboured a metacestode of Taenia hydatigena in the mesenteries. No helminths were found in the heart, lungs or liver of the warthogs. Probstmayria vivipara and Murshidia spp. were the most prevalent as well as abundant helminth species, followed by Physocephalus sexalatus. The incidence of Moniezia did not differ between hosts of different sex or age. Numbers of Murshidia spp. were not affected by host sex, but were higher in adults than in juveniles. Conversely, burdens of Trichostrongylus thomasi were not affected by host age, but were higher in males than in females. While not highly significant, helminth assemblages in male warthogs were more species rich than in females. Helminth communities in the three genera of wild sub-Saharan suids are largely unique, but Ph. africanus and Hylochoerus meinertzhageni share more worm species with each other than with Potamochoerus larvatus, possibly because the former two are more closely related. Overlap between helminth communities of African wild suids and those of other suids and Tayassuidae worldwide is limited.
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Bakare, O. C., O. A. Agboola, and K. O. Adegbehingbe. "Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites of Pseudotolithus species from Lagos Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Parasitology 44, no. 2 (October 11, 2023): 338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v44i2.6.
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The gastrointestinal helminth parasitic fauna of Pseudotolithus specimens, an economically important group of fishes fromLagos Lagoon, was examined to describe the effects of gastrointestinal helminth parasites on the state of health ofPseudotolithusspecies at Lagos Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria. Fish specimens obtained from Makoko Fish Market were sacrificedfrom October 2019 to March 2020, and gastrointestinal helminth parasites were isolated. Pseudotolithus typhus (n = 76),Pseudotolithus elongatus(n = 104) and Pseudotolithus senegalensis(n = 120) were among the 300 fish specimens that wereanalysed. In total, 186 out of 300 fish specimens (62.0%) were found to have gastrointestinal helminth parasites after sixmonths of sample collection. Pseudotolithus senegalensis had the highest prevalence of infection, 76 (63.3%), followed by P.elongatus, 68 (65.4%) and P. typhus, 42 (55.3%), which had the lowest prevalence of infection. Five species of parasites,Capillaria sp., Echinocephalus sp., Orneoascaris sp., Diphyllobothrium latum, and Neochinorhyncus sp., were isolated.Neochinorhyncus and Orneoascarissp. had the highest prevalence among all Pseudotolithusspecies. The overall prevalenceof infection, 77 (41.4%), was recorded in Capillaria sp., while the least prevalence, 08 (4.3%), was from Echinocephalussp.The total prevalence for the present study is 62.0%. There was no significant difference in infection levels (P>0.05) betweenthe two sexes, suggesting that neither sex was reliably affected by the parasite. Pseudotolithus species show a highprevalence of gastrointestinal helminths with a heavy parasitic burden, which may compromise the productivity,marketability, palatability, and or death of fish.
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Asif Raza, Muhammad, Zafar Iqbal, Abdul Jabbar, and Muhammad Yaseen. "Point prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in ruminants in southern Punjab, Pakistan." Journal of Helminthology 81, no. 3 (September 2007): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x07818554.
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AbstractThe present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in ruminants in an irrigated area of lower Punjab (Pakistan). For this purpose, 100 faecal samples were collected from sheep, goats, cattle and buffaloes. Parasitological procedures including direct and indirect methods (sedimentation and floatation) and coproculture were used for the identification of helminths. The overall prevalence of helminthiasis was 51% in cattle, 47% in buffaloes, 62% in sheep and 52% in goats, with nematodes being the most common helminths. The prevalence of helminths was higher in young animals compared with adults in cattle (P < 0.0001), buffaloes (P < 0.0001), sheep (P < 0.059) and goats (P = 0.010). The prevalence of different species of helminths also varied in different age groups, with Toxocara vitulorum being higher in calves than adults both in cattle (P = 0.017) and buffaloes (P < 0.0001). Sex-wise prevalence of helminths was higher in males than females for buffaloes (P < 0.0001) and sheep (P = 0.014) in contrast to cattle and goats.
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SADAUKI, MUSTAPHA AHMADU, AKEEM BABATUNDE DAUDA, and MOHAMMAD AWWAL YUSUF. "PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTHS OF AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus BURCHELL 1822) IN ZOBE RESERVOIR, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA." FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology 8, no. 1 (September 15, 2022): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2022.0801.080.
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A six months study was carried out to examine the gastrointestinal helminth of wild Clarias gariepinus from Zobe reservoir, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria. A total of 162 pieces of Clarias gariepinus were purchased from fishermen at three (Raddawa, Tabobi and Makera) of the landing sites on Zobe reservoir between March and August 2021. Fish samples were identified at each of the three landing sites. The fish were transported alive to the fish biology laboratory, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, for the helminths examination. Experimental fish samples were measured for length and weighed. Stomach and intestinal parasites were, identified and counted. The helminths recovered include, one Cestode, Monibothrium sp, four nematodes, Procamallanus sp, Contracaecum sp, Capilaria sp and Camallanus sp and one Metacercariae of Trematode, with the Nematodes as the dominant helminths. The result showed higher number of the fish parasites in the intestine of C. gariepinus. The prevalence in female specimens of C. gariepinus 77 (88.50%) was higher than that of the males (84.00%). The Chi-square result was not significant showing there is no association between the sex and prevalence of helminths. It is not significant also for length and weight, but the sampling station had a P-value of 0.001, showing that there is a relationship between the sampling station and the prevalence of helminths in the sampled C. gariepinus from Zobe reservoir. The highest prevalence was from the Makera sampling station. African catfish from the Zobe reservoir were highly infested with gastrointernal parasites, and this cut across the sexes, ages and landing sites. Hence, Clarias gariepinus from the reservoir should be cooked properly to avoid the transfer of the parasites to the consumers. It is strongly advised that more studies should be carried out to examine parasites from other fish species from the reservoir, to ascertain the safety of consumers that relied on the reservoir for fish. It may also be important to put up regulations such as restrictions on waste disposal and grazing, that will limit potential activities that may encourage an increase in parasites around the water body.
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Giacomin, Paul, John Croese, Lutz Krause, Alex Loukas, and Cinzia Cantacessi. "Suppression of inflammation by helminths: a role for the gut microbiota?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1675 (August 19, 2015): 20140296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0296.
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Multiple recent investigations have highlighted the promise of helminth-based therapies for the treatment of inflammatory disorders of the intestinal tract of humans, including inflammatory bowel disease and coeliac disease. However, the mechanisms by which helminths regulate immune responses, leading to the amelioration of symptoms of chronic inflammation are unknown. Given the pivotal roles of the intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of these disorders, it has been hypothesized that helminth-induced modifications of the gut commensal flora may be responsible for the therapeutic properties of gastrointestinal parasites. In this article, we review recent progress in the elucidation of host–parasite–microbiota interactions in both animal models of chronic inflammation and humans, and provide a working hypothesis of the role of the gut microbiota in helminth-induced suppression of inflammation.
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Bada, A. A., S. O. Adewole, L. K. Olofintoye, and T. C. Omotoriogun. "Gastrointestinal parasitic infections of ruminants in extensive management system in Southwest, Nigeria." Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine 6, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2021.262.
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Parasitic diseases are major impediments and causes of mortality and morbidity in animals leading to drastic decrease in economic returns in livestock production. This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites among free–ranging ruminant species; with the objectives to determine difference in parasitic infection among ruminant species, and difference in parasitic infection between the sexes and age of the ruminant species. Random sampling method was used to collect small quantity of feaces from individual ruminants (n=54). Direct smear method was used to identify the eggs of the helminths in ruminant species. Chi-square test was used to test the hypotheses of the study. Higher prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite was found in Capra hircus relative to Ovis aries and Bos taurus. Both nematodes (Trichostrongylu ssp, Haemonchus contortus, Strongloides papillous, Sygamus larygenes and Ascaris sp; and trematodes (Fasciola gigantica and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were found in the ruminant in this study. Trichostrongylu ssp and Fasciola gigantica showed higher prevalence than other gastrointestinal parasites. Young and female had higher infection of helminths than adult and male of the studied ruminant species. Preventing economic loss due to helminthic parasitic infections rely on available data, which in turn is paramount to guide effective coordination of animal health care system.
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GLENDINNING, LAURA, NORMAN NAUSCH, ANDREW FREE, DAVID W. TAYLOR, and FRANCISCA MUTAPI. "The microbiota and helminths: sharing the same niche in the human host." Parasitology 141, no. 10 (June 5, 2014): 1255–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182014000699.
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SUMMARYHuman gastrointestinal bacteria often share their environment with parasitic worms, allowing physical and physiological interaction between the two groups. Such associations have the potential to affect host health as well as the bacterial and helminth populations. Although still in its early stages, research on the interaction between the microbiome and parasitic helminths in humans offers the potential to improve health by manipulating the microbiome. Previously, supplementation with various nutritional compounds has been found to increase the abundance of potentially beneficial gut commensal bacteria. Thus, nutritional microbiome manipulation to produce an environment which may decrease malnutrition associated with helminth infection and/or aid host recovery from disease is conceivable. This review discusses the influence of the gut microbiota and helminths on host nutrition and immunity and the subsequent effects on the human host's overall health. It also discusses changes occurring in the microbiota upon helminth infections and the underlying mechanisms leading to these changes. There are still significant knowledge gaps which need to be filled before meaningful progress can be made in translating knowledge from studying the human gut microbiome into therapeutic strategies. Ultimately this review aims to discuss our current knowledge as well as highlight areas requiring further investigation.