Academic literature on the topic 'Gastrointestinal parasitic diseases'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Gastrointestinal parasitic diseases.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Gastrointestinal parasitic diseases"
1
Holmes, P. H. "Pathophysiology of parasitic infections." Parasitology 94, S1 (January 1987): S29—S51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000085814.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYParasites can have a wide range of pathophysiological effects on the host. This review describes those associated with some parasites of major importance in man and animals. Haemoprotozoan diseases such as trypanosomiasis and malaria are primarily associated with anaemia. Such anaemias have a complex aetiology involving various mechanisms responsible for red cell destruction as well as possible defects in red cell production. In addition to these haematological effects these diseases are associated with marked disturbances in heart function and the nervous, immune and urinary systems. The other major groups of parasitic diseases are those associated with the gastrointestinal tract. The most advanced studies have been conducted on the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal nematode parasites of sheep and have revealed significant effects on feed intake, gastrointestinal function, and protein and energy metabolism. Similar studies have yet to be conducted in other hosts and parasitic diseases. There is also a need to examine in greater detail the factors which can modulate pathophysiological responses by the host to parasitic infections.
2
Wakid, Majed H. "Fecal Occult Blood Test and Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infection." Journal of Parasitology Research 2010 (2010): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/434801.
Full textAbstract:
Stool specimens of 1238 workers in western region of Saudi Arabia were examined for infection with intestinal parasites and for fecal occult blood (FOB) to investigate the possibility that enteroparasites correlate to occult intestinal bleeding. Direct smears and formal ether techniques were used for detection of diagnostic stages of intestinal parasites. A commercially available guaiac test was used to detect fecal occult blood. 47.01% of the workers were infected with intestinal parasites including eight helminthes species and eight protozoan species. The results provided no significant evidence (P-value=0.143) that intestinal parasitic infection is in association with positive guaiac FOB test.
3
LOZANO, João, Adriana ANA, Antonio Palomero SALINERO, Estevam Guilherme LUX HOPPE, Lídia GOMES, Adolfo PAZ-SILVA, Maria Teresa REBELO, and Luís MADEIRA DE CARVALHO. "Gastrointestinal Parasites of Free-Range Chickens – A Worldwide Issue." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine 76, no. 2 (November 25, 2019): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:2019.0019.
Full textAbstract:
Gastrointestinal parasites with direct and/or indirect life cycles, namely Eimeria spp., Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum and Capillaria spp., are responsible for the most frequent and heavy economic losses in aviculture. The current review aimed to collect information about gastrointestinal parasites affecting poultry, as well as, research studies regarding parasitic diseases in free-range chicken production. From the references used in this review, 20% highlight research studies correlating prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in free-range chickens and factors such as the production system, age and animal density, hygienic conditions and weather.Coccidiosis is responsible for the major economic losses in poultry farms. Diseases have different clinical signs and result in variable impacts on animals. Control programs include mainly vaccination, anti-coccidia and anthelminthic drugs, as well as, house cleaning and disinfection. This review concluded that coccidia and helminths are a global threat to free-range poultry production. More research in this area is necessary in order to understand the major factors influencing the prevalence of parasitic diseases in this type of poultry production. Also the search for new control strategies must be a priority, mainly using natural antiparasitic compounds and biological control approaches.
4
Onah, Denis Nnabuike, and Yukifumi Nawa. "Mucosal immunity against parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes." Korean Journal of Parasitology 38, no. 4 (2000): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.4.209.
Full text
5
Cook, G. C. "Parasitic infections of the gastrointestinal tract." Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 2, no. 1 (February 1989): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001432-198902010-00021.
Full text
6
Salehi Kahyesh, Roya, Arash Alghasi, Shekoufe Haddadi, and Asaad Sharhani. "Intestinal Parasites Infection in Children with Cancer in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran." Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2020 (December 24, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8839740.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Infection with intestinal parasites is widespread worldwide, especially in developing countries. Intestinal parasites are known as one of the leading causes of diarrhea in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised subjects, but cancer patients are highly susceptible to contamination, and it can be deadly for them. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in immunocompromised patients in Ahvaz. Material and Methods. In this descriptive cross-sectional pilot case-control study, fecal samples were collected from 52 children with malignancies hospitalized in Baqaei2 hospital in Ahvaz. A questionnaire including demographic information, type of cancer, type of gastrointestinal symptoms, and laboratory diagnosis was completed for each patient. The collected specimens were examined by direct smear, Logul staining, and concentration. Result. The 52 stool samples were collected, 46% were female and 54% male. The age range of children enrolled in the study was from 4 months to 16 years. Of these stool samples, 38.38% were infected with a variety of parasitic intestinal infections (helminths and protozoa). In this study, protozoan parasites, Blastocystis (23%), Chilomastix mesnili (1.92%), Endolimax nana (7.7%), and Entamoeba coli (1.92%), and helminth infection, Strongyloides stercoralis (3.84%), were observed and statistical analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms and parasitic infection in children with cancer. Conclusion. Blastocystis and Endolimax nana are the most prevalent gastrointestinal parasitic protozoans that infect individuals admitted to Baqaei2 Hospital of Ahvaz, Iran. Since parasitic intestinal infections in immunocompromised patients lead to fatal diarrhea, children with parasitic infections must be carefully identified and treated.
7
Khatri, Kamala, and Mahendra Maharjan. "Gastrointestinal parasites of Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae Latham, 1790) in Ostrich Nepal Pvt. Ltd Gongoliya, Rupandehi, Nepal." Journal of Natural History Museum 30 (December 1, 2018): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v30i0.27602.
Full textAbstract:
Ostrich and Emu farming have been lunched with a very new concept to Nepalese market for their product in which parasitic diseases may cause significant effect to their production. In order to determine prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of Emu, a total of 100faecalsamples were collected during the month of May/July 2015. All samples were microscopically examined by using direct smear and concentration techniques (floatation and sedimentation).Out of 100 faecal samples, 65% were found positive for gastrointestinal parasites. Overall, seven different species of gastrointestinal parasites including two protozoan, three nematodes and two cestodes were recorded. Amongprotozoan parasites, Eimeria sp. (30%) was more prevalent compared to Entamoeba sp.(10%). Among helminthes parasites, Ascaris sp. (15%)showed the higher prevalence rate followed by Dromaestrogylus sp. (10%), Davainea sp.(9%), Raillietina sp. (5%) and Heterakis sp. (5%). This study suggested that parasitic infection could be a serious problem in the farm hence needed to adopt appropriate control strategies in order to strengthen the successful emu production in Nepal.
8
Verma, Nidhi, Bhavna Sharma, Chhaviraj Singh, and S. P. Sharma. "Parasite helminthes, class cestode, diagnosed by hooklets on FNAC." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 7 (June 25, 2018): 2540. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20182853.
Full textAbstract:
Parasitic infestation is a common cause of morbidity in several parts of the world. Helminthes constitute a significant number of parasitic diseases, out of which large number of cases are due to cestodes. Cestodes can affect various organs, including skin, subcutaneous tissue, liver, brain, spinal cord, orbit, muscle, gastrointestinal tract and heart. Parasites are routinely diagnosed by histopathology, serology, radiology and stool examination however FNAC can also serve as low cost out-patient procedure for diagnosis of certain parasites especially in cases of sub cutaneous nodules. Subcutaneous nodule is a relatively uncommon presentation and is often misdiagnosed clinically. This study includes case series of five cases of subcutaneous parasitic infestation by cestodes that were diagnosed by FNAC.
9
Filip-Hutsch, Katarzyna, Michał Czopowicz, Agnieszka Barc, and Aleksander W. Demiaszkiewicz. "Gastrointestinal Helminths of a European Moose Population in Poland." Pathogens 10, no. 4 (April 11, 2021): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10040456.
Full textAbstract:
Parasitic infections have a negative impact on the fecundity and survival of wild ruminants, particularly moose; however, despite being more susceptible to parasitic diseases than other wild cervids, they remain poorly examined in this regard. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify gastrointestinal and liver helminth species of the moose population in central Europe, assess the factors contributing to infection intensities and examine their impact on moose health. Abomasum, small intestine, caecum and liver samples were collected from 46 moose in Poland and evaluated for helminth parasite fauna and histopathological changes. Additionally, 289 moose fecal samples were analyzed for the presence of eggs, oocysts and larvae of parasites. In total, 19 parasite taxa were identified. The most prevalent were Mazamastrongylus dagestanica and Ostertagia antipini, which are typical nematodes of moose, together with Spiculopteragia boehmi and O. leptospicularis, characteristic also of other cervids. Parasite species diversity and abomasal parasitic infection intensity were higher in adult moose than in yearlings and calves. The numbers of histopathological lesions depended on the intensity of parasitic infections, and were most severe in the livers of moose infected with Parafasciolopsis fasciolaemorpha. The analysis of fecal samples revealed several regional differences in the levels of parasite eggs, oocysts and larvae shedding. Our findings indicate an accumulation of parasite infections over time in moose, which may be related to high environmental parasite pressure, possibly connected with high moose density and the presence of wetlands; they also serve as the most comprehensive study of moose parasites in central Europe to date.
10
Tumusiime, M., P. Ntampaka, F. Niragire, T. Sindikubwabo, and F. Habineza. "Prevalence of Swine Gastrointestinal Parasites in Nyagatare District, Rwanda." Journal of Parasitology Research 2020 (December 2, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8814136.
Full textAbstract:
While pig farming has been growing rapidly in Rwanda, its potential contribution to the prevalence of zoonotic infections is not well known. Pig production is usually affected by gastrointestinal parasites, some of which are zoonotic and can threaten human health. The knowledge about the status of such infections is essential for policy decisions and interventions. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of swine gastrointestinal parasites in Nyagatare district, Rwanda. A cross-sectional study involved collecting 104 faecal samples from apparently healthy pigs. The floatation technique was used to identify the parasites and frequency distribution analysis, and Pearson chi-square tests of association were conducted for this study data. Overall, the prevalence of swine gastrointestinal parasites was 84.6%, and the predominant species were Strongyle-type helminths representing 70.2%, followed by coccidia (55.8%), Strongyloides ransomi (39.4%), and Ascaris suum (10.6%). Of all parasitized pigs ( n = 88 ), 84.1% developed coinfections involving 2, 3, or 4 different parasite species. The results showed a statistically significant correlation between the location of pigs and parasitic infections and that some prevalent parasites are zoonotic. Interventions among pig farmers in Nyagatare should aim to improve awareness and to provide information on the negative impacts of swine gastrointestinal parasites on pig production and human health.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gastrointestinal parasitic diseases"
1
Guerreiro, Carla Marisa Correia. "Influência do maneio na prevalência de parasitoses gastrointestinais em pequenos ruminantes: estudo comparativo entre a região do Alentejo e a região de Andaluzia." Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1158.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaNo âmbito do estágio curricular realizado na Clínica Veterinária Vet + em Montemor-o- Novo (Portugal) e na Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária de Córdova (Espanha), acompanhei actividades na área da sanidade e clínica de grandes animais, assim como técnicas de diagnóstico parasitológico a nível laboratorial. As parasitoses gastrointestinais de Pequenos Ruminantes merecem um lugar de destaque ao longo de toda esta dissertação, sendo o principal objectivo estabelecer uma relação entre o maneio existente nas explorações e a prevalência de parasitoses gastrointestinais. Para tal foram estudadas 18 explorações, 9 na região do Alentejo e outras 9 na região de Andaluzia, Espanha, nas quais foram colhidas amostras de fezes e preenchido um inquérito relativo ao maneio existente. Os resultados obtidos estão de acordo com a bibliografia consultada no que respeita às parasitoses existentes na Península Ibérica. Na região do Alentejo os Estrongilídeos Gastrointestinais são o grupo de parasitas com maior prevalência (73%), o que se deve à predominância de explorações em regime semi-extensivo e à não aplicação de técnicas de maneio que permitem diminuir de forma significativa estes valores (controlo integrado de parasitoses gastrointestinais). De realçar que nesta região a desparasitação é realizada uma vez por ano e sem qualquer carácter estratégico. Na região de Andaluzia as coccidioses causadas por Eimeria spp. são as que apresentam maior prevalência (76%), o qual está estritamente relacionado com os sistemas intensivos/semi-intensivos das explorações em estudo, uma vez que é uma parasitose típica de animais jovens e que se encontram confinados. Em conclusão, o maneio das explorações engloba assim um conjunto de técnicas de produção animal que podem contribuir para uma difusão ou para um melhor controlo das parasitoses gastrointestinais, nomeadamente se a administração de anti-parasitários for monitorizada e efectuada de forma estratégica para melhor reduzir as perdas económicas por causa parasitária.
ABSTRACT - Influence of management to prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitoses in small ruminants (Comparative study of Alentejo and Andalusian region) During our training course at the clinic “Vet +” in Montemor-o-Novo (Portugal) and the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Córdoba (Spain) I have followed several activities in the area of large animal health and clinic, as well as techniques used for parasitological diagnosis. Gastrointestinal parasites in small ruminants have a special reference throughout this study, being the main goal setting up the relationship between the farm management and the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites. To achieve this goal, 18 farms were studied, 9 in the Alentejo region and 9 in the Andalusian region, where faecal sampling and an animal management survey was performed. The results generally agree with the consulted references with respect to existing parasites in the Iberian Peninsula. In the Alentejo region, the Gastrointestinal Strongyles showed the highest prevalence (73%) among groups of parasites, due to the high predominance of farms with semi-extensive system, which are not applying management techniques that allow a significant decrease of these values, vg., integrated control of gastrointestinal parasites and deworming performed once a year without any strategy. In the region of Andalusia the coccidiosis caused by Eimeria spp. have the highest prevalence (76%), which is purely related with intensive/semi-intensive systems of studied farms, as it is a typical parasitic disease of young and confined animals. In conclusion, the farm management therefore includes a set of techniques for breeding that can contribute to an increase or a better control of gastrointestinal parasites, especially if the administration of anti-parasitic compounds is monitored and performed in strategic way, to reduce economic losses induced by parasites.
2
Adams, John Peter. "Parasites of feral cats and native fauna from Western Australia the application of molecular techniques for the study of parasitic infections in Australian wildlife /." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040730.142034.
Full text
3
LeShure, Shirron Nicole. "Use of Naturally Occurring Anthelmintics to Control Gastrointestinal Parasites in Small Ruminants." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397649276.
Full text
4
Baloyi, Mahlatse Annabella. "Biological control of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants, using Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) and Clonostachys rosea (Schroers)." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7988.
Full textAbstract:
Gastrointestinal nematode parasites cause great losses in the production of small ruminants
through reduced productivity and the cost of preventive and curative treatments. Because of the
threat of anthelmintic resistance, biological control of sheep nematodes has been identified as an
alternative to anthelmintic drugs. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) (Berliner) and Clonostachys rosea
(Schroers) have been widely studied as biocontrol agents. B. thuringiensis has been used for the
biocontrol of insects and C. rosea has been successfully used as biocontrol agent of Botrytis
cinera (De Bary) in plants.
B. thuringiensis and C. rosea strains were isolated from soil collected from the Livestock Section
at Ukulinga Research Farm, University of KwaZulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg. Twenty-five strains
of Bt and 10 strains of C. rosea were successfully isolated. The Bt colonies were identified by
their circular, white, flat and undulate character, and the gram-positive and rod-shaped
endospores. C. rosea was identified by white colonies on Potato-dextose agar and the
characteristic conidiophores, which were branched and showed phialides at the tips.
In vitro screening of the isolates was undertaken to select the best isolates. The isolates that
caused significantly greater mortality were Bt isolate B2, B10 and B12 and C. rosea isolates P1,
P3 and P8. These isolates caused substantial nematode mortality in both faeces and water
bioassay. Nematode counts were reduced by 28.5% to 62% and 44% to 69.9% in faecal bioassay
for Bt and C. rosea, respectively. In the water bioassay, nematode counts were reduced by 62%
to 85% for Bt and by 62.7% to 89.3% for C. rosea.
The best inoculum level at which the best isolates were most effective, and the optimum
frequency of application were determined. The trial was conducted using bioassays with faeces
and water. Inoculum levels of 10(6), 10(8), 10(10), 10(12) spores ml-1 for Bt and 10(6), 10(8) and 10(10)
conidia ml-1 for C. rosea was used in the faecal bioassay. The inoculum levels tested in water
bioassay were 10(6), 10(8), 10(10) and 10(12) spores ml-1 for Bt and 10(9), 10(10), 10(11), 10(12) conidia ml-1 for
C. rosea. In the faecal bioassay, B2 was the most effective Bt isolate at an inoculum level of 10(10)
spores ml-1. Isolate P3 was the best C. rosea isolate at 10(8) conidia ml-1. In the water bioassay,
Isolate P3 caused a mortality of 85% at inoculum levels of 10(9), 10(10) and 10(11) conidia ml-1.
The performance of biological control agents in the field is sometimes inconsistent. Combining
different biocontrol agents may be a method of improving their reliability and performance.
However, the combination of most of the isolates was antagonistic, with efficacy less than that of
either individual biocontrol agent. In particular, Isolate P3 was more effective when used alone
than when combined with any other isolates. Therefore, the combination of biocontrol agents
does not always result in synergistic interaction. There were some additive interactions between
two bacterial isolates, and with one bacterial and fungal combination.
The effect of feeding the best of the biocontrol agents, or diatomaceous earth (DE), was
evaluated in sheep. Two doses of Bt (1g and 2g kg-1BW) and C. rosea (1g kg-1BW) reduced the
numbers of L3 nematode larvae in sheep faeces. The DE product (at 15% of feed) also
reduced L3 numbers but it was less effective than either the Bt or the C. rosea products.
Nematode counts were reduced by 74.6%, 75.1%, 84.6%, 68.5% and 27.5% for Bt 1g kg-1BW,
Bt 2g kg-1BW, C. rosea (1g kg-1 BW), DE and control, respectively.Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2011.
5
Shiba, Mlungisi Richard. "In vitro determination of efficacy of indigenous plant extracts used for internal parasites control by small-holder livestock farmers in Chief Albert Luthuli Municipality, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2229.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Agricultural Management (Animal Production)) -- University of Limpopo, 2018Ethno veterinary medicine practices are popular among the resource constrained small-holder farmers. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of traditional remedies particularly the indigenous plants has not been extensively documented. Hence, this study was conducted to determine efficacy of indigenous plant extracts used by small-holder farmers in Chief Albert Luthuli Local Municipality, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa for internal parasites control. Information on indigenous plants used for the control of internal parasites of livestock by local farmers in the study area was gathered through a questionnaire survey. A total of 188 livestock farmers (both males and females) of mixed ages were interviewed. Thirteen different plants were frequently mentioned by the respondents as remedies for livestock internal parasites. Of these, seven plants could be identified up to their families and species. Plant species collected were Dicerocaryum sp (50%), Pappeacapensis (61%), Aloe ferox (90%), Helichrysum sp (56%), Senecio congestus (83%), Senecio barbertonicus (67%) and Gardenia sp (73%). These plants were extracted using distilled water and analysed to determine their efficacy through in vitro assays; Egg hatch, larval development and larval mortality assays. All the assays were performed at different concentrations of 2.5mg/ml, 5.0mg/ml and 7.5mg/ml. The nematode third stage larvae were incubated for 24hr, 48hr and 72hr during the larval mortality assay. The present study showed that all the seven-plant species under investigation possessed some anthelmintic activities of varying strength. The highest egg hatch inhibition was observed from the extracts of Senecio barbertonicus with 100 % and the lowest from Dicerocaryum eriocarpum with 2.25 %, for larval development the highest was Gardenia sp 100 % and the lowest Helichrysum sp 26 % at concentration 7.5 mg/mL respectively. Whereas, the highest in larval mortality assay was Senecio barbertonicus and Gardenia sp achieved 100 % after 48hrs and the lowest was Dicerocaryum eriocarpum with49.89 % after 72hrs at concentration 7.5 mg/mL respectively. The use of other different forms of extraction media is recommended because different results can observe and be compared with the results of the present study. Toxicity studies on the indigenous plants observed to have stronger anthelmintic activities would assist in the future recommendation of these remedies for large scale or commercial use as anthelmintic drugs. Keywords: ethno veterinary medicine, gastrointestinal parasites, anthelmintic
6
Ahmed, Mawahib Alhag Ali. "Integrated control of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep using plant extracts. and bicontrol agents." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10125.
Full textAbstract:
Infection of small ruminants by gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) is a major health concern because they cause substantial economic losses, especially in the tropics and sub-tropics. For many years, control of GIN has been based upon use of anthelmintics. However, there is now a global challange because mutant GIN individuals can tolerate most of the widely used anthelmintics. Therefore, alternative control measures are needed. The objective of the study was to screen a number of plant species for their anthelmintic effects, and to evaluate selected strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) and Clonostachys rosea (Schroers) for activity against sheep GIN. Subsequently, the combined treatments would test a dual control strategy for nematodes by using a combination of plant extracts with biocontrol agents.
Ethanol extracts of 25 plant species were screened for their anthelmintic effects against Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi 1803). Extracts of each plant were used in vitro at various concentrations (10, 20 and 30%) to treat 10 day faecal cultures. Five plants with high efficacies (Ananas comosus L. Merr., Aloe ferox Mill., Allium sativum Linn., Lespedeza cuneata Dum. Cours. and Warburgia salutaris Bertol.f. Chiov) were selected for further investigation, using ethanol, dichloromethane and water extracts at four concentrations (2.5, 5, 10 and 20%). Ethanol was the most effective solvent. Larval counts decreased as a result of increasing extract concentrations. An ethanolic extract of Lespedeza cuneata caused more than 70% mortality at all concentrations.
In an in vivo study, the five plants A. comosus, A. ferox, A. sativum, L. cuneata and W. salutaris extracts were compared to a positive Control (Equimax®, a modern anthelmintic based on abamectin and praziquantel). Gender, eggs count (EPG₀) and initial body weights were used in assigning sheep (24 females and 24 males) to six groups. Each group was randomly assigned a treatment. Plant extracts were applied as an oral dose (100 mg kg⁻¹ BW), one dose per week per animal for 42 days (Phase 1). Subsequently, the same sheep were dosed for three consecutive days with the same treatments, keeping them in the same groups (Phase 2). Rectal faecal samples were taken for counting of eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) and L₃ larvae per gram (LPG) in faecal cultures. With application of plant extracts, the EPG count decreased with time (P<0.001), and the impact of the plant extracts increased (P<0.001) with time. Two extracts, from A. comosus and L. cuneata, were the most effective in Phase 1 (58% and 61% reduction of EPG, respectively,), and in Phase 2 (77% and 81% reduction of EPG, respectively).
In a study on potential biocontrol agents, two strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and one of Clonostachys rosea f. rosea (C. rosea), and compared with a diatomaceous earth (DE) product for their anthelmintic activity in sheep. Bacillus thuringiensis and C. rosea were fed to sheep at a rate of 1g kg⁻¹ BW, and DE was fed at 2% of sheep diet. The biocontrol treatments had no effect on EPG (P>0.05), but reduced GIN larvae per gram (LPG) (P<0.001) in faecal culture. Efficacy varied with time (P<0.001). By Day 7 Bt, C. rosea and DE had caused mortalities of GIN of 75.7, 86.9 and 60.6%, respectively. In addition, the efficacy of feeding 1g kg⁻¹ BW of C. rosea chlamydospores to sheep every day, every second day and every third day was tested. Daily feeding of fungal chlamydospores reduced LPG (a count of 12±1.67 GIN larvae) (P<0.001) more than feeding them the biocontrol agent every second day (39±0.77) or third day (58±1.77). By Day 12, feeding the biocontrol agent to sheep every day, every second day, or every third day caused mortality of GIN larvae of 90, 63 and 49%, respectively.
Four dietary levels (treatments) of C. rosea (0.25g (F1), 0.5g (F2), 1g (F3) and control (C) of C. rosea product kg-1 BW) were tested. Treatments were each mixed with a complete diet and fed to sheep once daily for 10 weeks, according to body weights. Increased doses of the biocontrol agent reduced LPG (P<0.001), larval development (LD) (P<0.001), and increased efficacy (P<0.001). On Day 70, F1, F2, F3 and the Control controlled LD by 33.3, 72.3, 89.4 and 2.6%, respectively. Clonostachys rosea was effective in reducing third stage larvae (L₃) on pastures significantly (P<0.001) by Day 63 and Day 70.
Ethanolic extracts of A. comosus, A. ferox, A. sativum, L. cuneata and W. salutaris all reduced egg production by GIN parasites of sheep. Feeding sheep cultured chlamydospores of a biocontrol fungus, Clonostachys rosea, reduced counts of nematode larvae in sheep; and 1g C. rosea chlamydospores kg⁻¹ BW daily was enough to reduce nematode infective larvae, therefore reducing the degree of pasture contamination. An initial trial showed that the combination of the two treatments of an A. comosus extract and C. rosea chlamydospores was more effective than either treatment on its own in controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. A long-term trial is being undertaken currently to confirm this finding.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2013.
7
Vatta, Adriano Francis. "Evaluation of nutritional, chemotherapeutic and educational approaches to manage gastrointestinal nematodes and improve small-scale goat farming." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1023.
Full textAbstract:
Small-scale goat farmers from south-western KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa, identified gastrointestinal helminths, dry-season feed scarcity and poor reproductive performance as major production constraints and highlighted the paucity of information on goat health and management. The research and extension processes adopted to address these problems comprised on-station experimentation, followed by on-farm validation combined with the participatory dissemination of both study findings and relevant information on goat health care. The approach included the use of the FAMACHA© system to assess anaemia, a characteristic symptom of infection with the gastrointestinal nematode, Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803). On-station experimentation indicated that urea-molasses block supplementation during the dry, winter season was a cost-effective option. Unfortunately, when tested on-farm, the value of such supplementation proved inconclusive, possibly due to low block consumption and further research into alternative and palatable protein supplements for goats is suggested. However, tactical anthelmintic treatment with ivermectin effectively reduced faecal egg counts and is recommended, as is concurrent symptomatic anthelmintic treatment, as determined by the FAMACHA© system, since this practice appeared to improve reproductive capacity. Investigations to better adapt the FAMACHA© system to goats is, however, recommended. A flexible training framework was developed with the collaboration of the farmers, providing them with advice on goat health and management. This ‘hands-on’ approach encompassed regular meetings geared to the farmers’ current expertise and exploited the on-farm experimentation as a training vehicle. The process nurtured local farmer ‘champions’, strengthened the extension skills of researchers and technicians and incorporated the development of a Goatkeepers’ animal health care manual. Indications are that the use of such an approach has considerable potential for the development of goat farming. Moreover this process, which is relatively novel for South Africa, is equally applicable to other similar agro-ecological zones. Access to veterinary and agricultural inputs in areas where communal grazing is practised could be vastly improved and a case is made for universities, researchers, extensionists and farmers to collaborate to encourage the long-term sustainable development of these communities.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.
8
Lança, Filipa Margarida de Campos. "Estudo das parasitoses gastrointestinais em bovinos leiteiros da Ilha de S. Miguel, Açores." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/7436.
Full textAbstract:
Orientação : Ana Maria Duque de Araújo MunhozA produtividade dos bovinos leiteiros pode ser amplamente afetada pelo parasitismo gastrointestinal, principalmente quando se trata de animais criados em sistemas de produção extensivos. Nos Açores a indústria pecuária é uma atividade de extrema importância económica, nomeadamente no que diz respeito à produção leiteira, que representa cerca de 30% do total nacional. Neste tipo de produção existem diversos fatores ligados ao maneio que podem contribuir para a produtividade dos animais. Como nesta região o parasitismo gastrointestinal é muito favorecido pelas condições climáticas e pela presença de hospedeiros intermediários, como no caso da fasciolose, o seu controlo torna-se importante. Porém, na maioria das vezes os tratamentos antiparasitários são realizados de forma inadequada com o uso repetido de princípios ativos que além de contribuírem para o aumento dos custos de produção, não alcançam o objetivo do controlo eficiente. Neste estudo foram identificados alguns fatores relacionados com o maneio, como sendo possíveis práticas que poderiam contribuir para a existência de parasitismo. Foram analisadas 149 explorações que correspondem a 10,5% do total de explorações de bovinos leiteiros da ilha de São Miguel (ISM). Constatou-se através dos exames coprológicos que 47,7% destas explorações apresentavam animais positivos para nematodoses, 8,7% para cestodoses, 13,4% para trematodoses e em 13,4% ocorreram animais positivos para coccidioses. Quanto à fasciolose, os resultados obtidos na pesquisa de anticorpos contra Fasciola hepatica através da técnica de ELISA indireto, revelaram que 46,7% das vacas testadas foram positivas e que 74,5% das explorações apresentaram animais com serologia positiva para esta parasitose.
The dairy cattle productivity can be widely affected by gastrointestinal parasitism, especially in animals raised in extensive production systems. In Azores the livestock industry is an activity of great economic importance, particularly the milk production, which represents 30% of national output. In this type of systems there are many factors related with management practices which can contribute to the productivity of animals. In Azores cattle gastrointestinal parasitism is increased due to climatic conditions and presence of intermediate hosts, as in the case of fasciolosis, and its control becomes very important. However, most often the antiparasitic treatments are performed inappropriately with repeated use of active principles that in addition to the increase of production costs, do not reach the goal of efficient control. In this study some factors related to the dairy farms management were identified as possible practices that could contribute to the existence of parasitism. In this study 149 farms were analyzed which represented 10,5% of total dairy farms in São Miguel island. The results obtained through coprologic tests showed that in 47,7% of all farms were positive to nematodes, 8,7% to cestodosis, 13,4% to trematodosis and 13,4% to coccidiosis. Concerning fasciolosis, the results of antibodies detection against Fasciola hepatica, which were analyzed by indirect ELISA technique, showed that 46,7% of analyzed cows were positive and 74,5% of farms had animals with positive serology for this parasitosis.
9
Soares, Ana Beatriz Resendes Damião. "Estudo das parasitoses gastrointestinais em bovinos leiteiros abatidos no matadouro da ilha de S. Miguel, Açores." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/8826.
Full textAbstract:
Orientação: Ana Maria Duque de Araújo MunhozA bovinicultura leiteira da ilha de São Miguel representa 64,1% da produção do arquipélago dos Açores e este representa 31,2% da produção nacional. O parasitismo gastrointestinal em bovinos em sistemas extensivos aliado às condições ambientais propícias ao seu desenvolvimento pode levar a grandes perdas económicas. A intensidade da infeção parasitária, o sistema de produção e a idade dos animais refletem-se na produção de leite e no peso da carcaça no matadouro. Considerando-se o impacto que os parasitas gastrointestinais causam à bovinicultura, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e determinar a prevalência de parasitas gastrointestinais em fêmeas bovinas com idade superior a 47 meses com pelo menos uma parição (categoria D) da raça Holstein Frísia (HF) criados e abatidos em matadouro da Ilha de São Miguel nos Açores. Foram utilizados métodos coprológicos qualitativos e quantitativos para se determinar o parasitismo e estimar as possíveis perdas económicas na produção de carne através da classificação destas carcaças no matadouro. Das 120 amostras analisadas, observou-se o parasitismo por estrongilídeos gastrointestinais (EGI) em 35,8% dos animais, infecções por Moniezia spp. em 5% e coccidiose por Eimeria spp. em 7,5%. Ao se comparar o peso das carcaças em que se observou a ocorrência de parasitose, constatou-se que os animais parasitados apresentavam em média 17,40 kg a menos do que os animais não parasitados. As perdas económicas associadas às parasitoses poderiam ser evitadas com medidas profiláticas adequadas com base em análises parasitológicas frequentes. Realça-se o papel do médico veterinário na sensibilização dos criadores para promover as boas práticas de controlo das parasitoses.
Dairy cattle on the island of São Miguel represents 64.1% of the production of the Azores and this represents 31.2% of the national production. Gastrointestinal parasitism in cattle in extensive systems coupled with environmental conditions conducive to their development can lead to severe economic losses. The intensity of the parasite infection, the production system and the age of the animals are reflected in the milk production and the carcass weight in the slaughterhouse. The intensity of infection and loss of production associated with parasitism are reflected in carcass weight and milk production in extensive production systems. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in dairy cows aged over 47 months Holstein Friesian (HF) breed (category D) with at least one calving and slaughtered in the São Miguel Island, Azores by coprological methods and performed an estimative of the loss resulting from rejected livers at the slaughterhouse. Parasitism by gastrointestinal strongyles (GIS) was observed in 35.8% of the animals, cestodosis by Moniezia spp. in 5% and coccidiosis in 7.5%. A significant weight difference was observed between carcasses of positive animals with averaging 17.40 kg less than negative animals. The rejection of livers was 97%, and may include parasitic causes. Economic losses associated with parasitic diseases could be avoided with appropriate prophylactic measures based on frequent coprological analysis.
Books on the topic "Gastrointestinal parasitic diseases"
1
Surgical pathology of the gastrointestinal system: Bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections. New York: Springer, 2009.
Find full text
2
1967-, Scott Ian, ed. Gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and cattle. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
Find full text
3
Sutherland, Ian. Gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and cattle: Biology and control. Chichester, U.K: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
Find full text
4
Bossche, Hugo Vanden. Chemotherapy of Gastrointestinal Helminths. Brand: Springer, 2011.
Find full text
5
W, Donachie, Griffiths E. 1940-, Stephen J, and Society for General Microbiology, eds. Bacterial infections of respiratory and gastrointestinal mucosae. Oxford, England: Published for the Society for General Microbiology by IRL Press, 1988.
Find full text
6
Natarajan, Pavithra, and Nick Beeching. Protozoal infection: Gut organisms. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0316.
Full textAbstract:
Protozoa are single-celled (unicellular) eukaryotic organisms. There are many protozoa causing parasitic infection in humans. This chapter will concentrate on the three that most commonly causes gastrointestinal disease worldwide and have the biggest impact in the UK: Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium spp., and Entamoeba histolytica. These three infections are of great significance worldwide, but are less common in Western settings. In the UK, they tend to be seen in more commonly in travellers returning from endemic countries, migrant populations, men who have sex with men, and the immunocompromised. The clinical features of all three infections vary from asymptomatic small- or large-bowel carriage with passage of cysts to infect others, to more serious manifestations.
7
Pozio, Edoardo. Trichinellosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0068.
Full textAbstract:
Trichinellosis is caused by nematodes of the genus Trichinella. These zoonotic parasites show a cosmopolitan distribution in all the continents, but Antarctica. They circulate in nature by synanthropic-domestic and sylvatic cycles. Today, eight species and four genotypes are recognized, all of which infect mammals, including humans, one species also infects birds, and two other species infect also reptiles.Parasites of the genus Trichinella are unusual among the other nematodes in that the worm undergoes a complete developmental cycle, from larva to adult to larva, in the body of a single host, which has a profound influence on the epidemiology of trichinellosis. When the cycle is complete, the muscles of the infected animal contain a reservoir of larvae, capable of long-term survival. Humans and other hosts become infected by ingesting muscle tissuescontaining viable larvae.The symptoms associated with trichinellosis vary with the severity of infection, i.e. the number of viable larvae ingested, and the time after infection. The capacity of the worm population to undergo massive multiplication in the body is a major determinant. Progression of disease follows the biological development of the parasite. Symptoms are associated first with the gastrointestinal tract, as the worms invade and establish in the small intestine, become more general as the body responds immunologically, and finally focus on the muscles as the larvae penetrate the muscle cells and develop there. Although Trichinella worms cause pathological changes directly by mechanical damage, most of the clinical features of trichinellosis are immunopathological in origin and can be related to the capacity of the parasite to induce allergic responses.The main source of human infection is raw or under-cooked meat products from pig, wild boar, bear, walrus, and horses, but meat products from other animals have been implicated. In humans, the diagnosis of infection is made by immunological tests or by direct examination of muscle biopsies using microscopy or by recovery of larvae after artificial digestion. Treatment requires both the use of anthelmintic drugs to kill the parasite itself and symptomatic treatment to minimize inflammatory responses.Both pre-slaughter prevention and post-slaughter control can be used to prevent Trichinella infections in animals. The first involves pig management control as well as continuous surveillance programmes. Meat inspection is a successful post-slaughter strategy. However, a continuous consumer education is of great importance in countries where meat inspection is not mandatory.
Book chapters on the topic "Gastrointestinal parasitic diseases"
1
Richter, Joachim. "Antimicrobials for parasitic diseases." In Pocket Guide to Gastrointestinal Drugs, 204–18. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118481530.ch15.
Full text
2
Marriner, Susan, and James Armour. "Nematode Infections of Domestic Animals: Gastrointestinal Infections." In Chemotherapy of Parasitic Diseases, 287–305. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1233-8_14.
Full text
3
Ziogas, Ioannis A., and George Tsoulfas. "The Role of Surgery in Treating Parasitic Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract from Protozoa." In The Surgical Management of Parasitic Diseases, 49–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47948-0_3.
Full text
4
Hamilton, Amanda, Ashley Jenkin, Andrew Phillip Maurice, and Yik-Hong Ho. "The Role of Surgery in Treating Parasitic Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract from Nematodes." In The Surgical Management of Parasitic Diseases, 77–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47948-0_5.
Full text
5
Lamps, Laura W. "Whipple's Disease." In Surgical Pathology of the Gastrointestinal System: Bacterial, Fungal, Viral, and Parasitic Infections, 75–78. New York, NY: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0861-2_12.
Full text
6
Perry, Brian, Bernard Bett, Eric Fèvre, Delia Grace, and Thomas Fitz Randolph. "Veterinary epidemiology at ILRAD and ILRI, 1987-2018." In The impact of the International Livestock Research Institute, 208–38. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241853.0208.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This chapter describes the activities of the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and its predecessor, the International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases (ILRAD) from 1987 to 2018. Topics include scientific impacts; economic impact assessment; developmental impacts; capacity development; partnerships; impacts on human resources capacity in veterinary epidemiology; impacts on national animal health departments and services; impacts on animal health constraints in developing countries; impacts on ILRI's research and strategy; the introduction of veterinary epidemiology and economics at ILRAD; field studies in Kenya; tick-borne disease dynamics in eastern and southern Africa; heartwater studies in Zimbabwe; economic impact assessments of tick-borne diseases; tick and tick-borne disease distribution modelling; modelling the infection dynamics of vector-borne diseases; economic impact of trypanosomiasis; the epidemiology of resistance to trypanocides; the development of a modelling technique for evaluating control options; sustainable trypanosomiasis control in Uganda and in the Ghibe Valley of Ethiopia; spatial modelling of tsetse distributions; preventing and containing trypanocide resistance in the cotton zone of West Africa; rabies research; the economic impacts of rinderpest control; applying economic impact assessment tools to foot and mouth disease (FMD) control, the southern Africa FMD economic impact study; economic impacts of FMD in Peru, Colombia and India; economic impacts of FMD control in endemic settings in low- and middle-income countries; the global FMD research alliance (GFRA); Rift Valley fever; economic impact assessment of control options and calculation of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs); RVF risk maps for eastern Africa; land-use change and RVF infection and disease dynamics; epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites; priorities in animal health research for poverty reduction; the Wellcome Trust Epidemiology Initiatives; the broader economic impact contributions; the responses to highly pathogenic avian influenza; the International Symposium on Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics (ISVEE) experience, the role of epidemiology in ILRAD and ILRI and the impacts of ILRAD and ILRI's epidemiology; capacity development in veterinary epidemiology and impact assessment; impacts on national animal health departments and services; impacts on animal health constraints in developing countries and impacts on ILRI's research and strategy.
7
Frean, John. "Parasitic Diarrhea." In Gastrointestinal Diseases and their Associated Infections, 217–35. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-54843-4.00016-7.
Full text
8
Curtis, Carmel M., and Peter L. Chiodini. "Parasitic infections of the gastrointestinal tract." In Infectious Diseases, 1130–42. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-04579-7.00108-8.
Full text
9
Kelly, Paul, and Mable Mutengo. "Parasitic Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract." In Infectious Diseases, 989–1001. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7020-6285-8.00114-3.
Full text
10
Woodhouse, Andrew. "Case 25." In Oxford Case Histories in Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, edited by Maheshi Ramasamy, 163–70. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198846482.003.0025.
Full textAbstract:
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic trematode infection. Depending on the species of fluke, gastrointestinal or genitourinary tract disease develops with occasional involvement of other organs including the central nervous system. The great burden of chronic disease is in endemic countries but travellers can become infected through exposure to contaminated water in lakes and rivers. An acute symptomatic infection is sometimes seen and needs to be considered in the appropriate clinical context in travellers returning from the tropics.