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Journal articles on the topic 'Gastrointestinal parasitic diseases'
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1
Holmes, P. H. "Pathophysiology of parasitic infections." Parasitology 94, S1 (January 1987): S29—S51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000085814.
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SUMMARYParasites can have a wide range of pathophysiological effects on the host. This review describes those associated with some parasites of major importance in man and animals. Haemoprotozoan diseases such as trypanosomiasis and malaria are primarily associated with anaemia. Such anaemias have a complex aetiology involving various mechanisms responsible for red cell destruction as well as possible defects in red cell production. In addition to these haematological effects these diseases are associated with marked disturbances in heart function and the nervous, immune and urinary systems. The other major groups of parasitic diseases are those associated with the gastrointestinal tract. The most advanced studies have been conducted on the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal nematode parasites of sheep and have revealed significant effects on feed intake, gastrointestinal function, and protein and energy metabolism. Similar studies have yet to be conducted in other hosts and parasitic diseases. There is also a need to examine in greater detail the factors which can modulate pathophysiological responses by the host to parasitic infections.
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Wakid, Majed H. "Fecal Occult Blood Test and Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infection." Journal of Parasitology Research 2010 (2010): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/434801.
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Stool specimens of 1238 workers in western region of Saudi Arabia were examined for infection with intestinal parasites and for fecal occult blood (FOB) to investigate the possibility that enteroparasites correlate to occult intestinal bleeding. Direct smears and formal ether techniques were used for detection of diagnostic stages of intestinal parasites. A commercially available guaiac test was used to detect fecal occult blood. 47.01% of the workers were infected with intestinal parasites including eight helminthes species and eight protozoan species. The results provided no significant evidence (P-value=0.143) that intestinal parasitic infection is in association with positive guaiac FOB test.
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LOZANO, João, Adriana ANA, Antonio Palomero SALINERO, Estevam Guilherme LUX HOPPE, Lídia GOMES, Adolfo PAZ-SILVA, Maria Teresa REBELO, and Luís MADEIRA DE CARVALHO. "Gastrointestinal Parasites of Free-Range Chickens – A Worldwide Issue." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine 76, no. 2 (November 25, 2019): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:2019.0019.
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Gastrointestinal parasites with direct and/or indirect life cycles, namely Eimeria spp., Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum and Capillaria spp., are responsible for the most frequent and heavy economic losses in aviculture. The current review aimed to collect information about gastrointestinal parasites affecting poultry, as well as, research studies regarding parasitic diseases in free-range chicken production. From the references used in this review, 20% highlight research studies correlating prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in free-range chickens and factors such as the production system, age and animal density, hygienic conditions and weather.Coccidiosis is responsible for the major economic losses in poultry farms. Diseases have different clinical signs and result in variable impacts on animals. Control programs include mainly vaccination, anti-coccidia and anthelminthic drugs, as well as, house cleaning and disinfection. This review concluded that coccidia and helminths are a global threat to free-range poultry production. More research in this area is necessary in order to understand the major factors influencing the prevalence of parasitic diseases in this type of poultry production. Also the search for new control strategies must be a priority, mainly using natural antiparasitic compounds and biological control approaches.
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Onah, Denis Nnabuike, and Yukifumi Nawa. "Mucosal immunity against parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes." Korean Journal of Parasitology 38, no. 4 (2000): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.4.209.
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Cook, G. C. "Parasitic infections of the gastrointestinal tract." Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 2, no. 1 (February 1989): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001432-198902010-00021.
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Salehi Kahyesh, Roya, Arash Alghasi, Shekoufe Haddadi, and Asaad Sharhani. "Intestinal Parasites Infection in Children with Cancer in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran." Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2020 (December 24, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8839740.
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Background. Infection with intestinal parasites is widespread worldwide, especially in developing countries. Intestinal parasites are known as one of the leading causes of diarrhea in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised subjects, but cancer patients are highly susceptible to contamination, and it can be deadly for them. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in immunocompromised patients in Ahvaz. Material and Methods. In this descriptive cross-sectional pilot case-control study, fecal samples were collected from 52 children with malignancies hospitalized in Baqaei2 hospital in Ahvaz. A questionnaire including demographic information, type of cancer, type of gastrointestinal symptoms, and laboratory diagnosis was completed for each patient. The collected specimens were examined by direct smear, Logul staining, and concentration. Result. The 52 stool samples were collected, 46% were female and 54% male. The age range of children enrolled in the study was from 4 months to 16 years. Of these stool samples, 38.38% were infected with a variety of parasitic intestinal infections (helminths and protozoa). In this study, protozoan parasites, Blastocystis (23%), Chilomastix mesnili (1.92%), Endolimax nana (7.7%), and Entamoeba coli (1.92%), and helminth infection, Strongyloides stercoralis (3.84%), were observed and statistical analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms and parasitic infection in children with cancer. Conclusion. Blastocystis and Endolimax nana are the most prevalent gastrointestinal parasitic protozoans that infect individuals admitted to Baqaei2 Hospital of Ahvaz, Iran. Since parasitic intestinal infections in immunocompromised patients lead to fatal diarrhea, children with parasitic infections must be carefully identified and treated.
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Khatri, Kamala, and Mahendra Maharjan. "Gastrointestinal parasites of Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae Latham, 1790) in Ostrich Nepal Pvt. Ltd Gongoliya, Rupandehi, Nepal." Journal of Natural History Museum 30 (December 1, 2018): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v30i0.27602.
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Ostrich and Emu farming have been lunched with a very new concept to Nepalese market for their product in which parasitic diseases may cause significant effect to their production. In order to determine prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of Emu, a total of 100faecalsamples were collected during the month of May/July 2015. All samples were microscopically examined by using direct smear and concentration techniques (floatation and sedimentation).Out of 100 faecal samples, 65% were found positive for gastrointestinal parasites. Overall, seven different species of gastrointestinal parasites including two protozoan, three nematodes and two cestodes were recorded. Amongprotozoan parasites, Eimeria sp. (30%) was more prevalent compared to Entamoeba sp.(10%). Among helminthes parasites, Ascaris sp. (15%)showed the higher prevalence rate followed by Dromaestrogylus sp. (10%), Davainea sp.(9%), Raillietina sp. (5%) and Heterakis sp. (5%). This study suggested that parasitic infection could be a serious problem in the farm hence needed to adopt appropriate control strategies in order to strengthen the successful emu production in Nepal.
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Verma, Nidhi, Bhavna Sharma, Chhaviraj Singh, and S. P. Sharma. "Parasite helminthes, class cestode, diagnosed by hooklets on FNAC." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 7 (June 25, 2018): 2540. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20182853.
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Parasitic infestation is a common cause of morbidity in several parts of the world. Helminthes constitute a significant number of parasitic diseases, out of which large number of cases are due to cestodes. Cestodes can affect various organs, including skin, subcutaneous tissue, liver, brain, spinal cord, orbit, muscle, gastrointestinal tract and heart. Parasites are routinely diagnosed by histopathology, serology, radiology and stool examination however FNAC can also serve as low cost out-patient procedure for diagnosis of certain parasites especially in cases of sub cutaneous nodules. Subcutaneous nodule is a relatively uncommon presentation and is often misdiagnosed clinically. This study includes case series of five cases of subcutaneous parasitic infestation by cestodes that were diagnosed by FNAC.
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Filip-Hutsch, Katarzyna, Michał Czopowicz, Agnieszka Barc, and Aleksander W. Demiaszkiewicz. "Gastrointestinal Helminths of a European Moose Population in Poland." Pathogens 10, no. 4 (April 11, 2021): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10040456.
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Parasitic infections have a negative impact on the fecundity and survival of wild ruminants, particularly moose; however, despite being more susceptible to parasitic diseases than other wild cervids, they remain poorly examined in this regard. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify gastrointestinal and liver helminth species of the moose population in central Europe, assess the factors contributing to infection intensities and examine their impact on moose health. Abomasum, small intestine, caecum and liver samples were collected from 46 moose in Poland and evaluated for helminth parasite fauna and histopathological changes. Additionally, 289 moose fecal samples were analyzed for the presence of eggs, oocysts and larvae of parasites. In total, 19 parasite taxa were identified. The most prevalent were Mazamastrongylus dagestanica and Ostertagia antipini, which are typical nematodes of moose, together with Spiculopteragia boehmi and O. leptospicularis, characteristic also of other cervids. Parasite species diversity and abomasal parasitic infection intensity were higher in adult moose than in yearlings and calves. The numbers of histopathological lesions depended on the intensity of parasitic infections, and were most severe in the livers of moose infected with Parafasciolopsis fasciolaemorpha. The analysis of fecal samples revealed several regional differences in the levels of parasite eggs, oocysts and larvae shedding. Our findings indicate an accumulation of parasite infections over time in moose, which may be related to high environmental parasite pressure, possibly connected with high moose density and the presence of wetlands; they also serve as the most comprehensive study of moose parasites in central Europe to date.
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Tumusiime, M., P. Ntampaka, F. Niragire, T. Sindikubwabo, and F. Habineza. "Prevalence of Swine Gastrointestinal Parasites in Nyagatare District, Rwanda." Journal of Parasitology Research 2020 (December 2, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8814136.
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While pig farming has been growing rapidly in Rwanda, its potential contribution to the prevalence of zoonotic infections is not well known. Pig production is usually affected by gastrointestinal parasites, some of which are zoonotic and can threaten human health. The knowledge about the status of such infections is essential for policy decisions and interventions. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of swine gastrointestinal parasites in Nyagatare district, Rwanda. A cross-sectional study involved collecting 104 faecal samples from apparently healthy pigs. The floatation technique was used to identify the parasites and frequency distribution analysis, and Pearson chi-square tests of association were conducted for this study data. Overall, the prevalence of swine gastrointestinal parasites was 84.6%, and the predominant species were Strongyle-type helminths representing 70.2%, followed by coccidia (55.8%), Strongyloides ransomi (39.4%), and Ascaris suum (10.6%). Of all parasitized pigs ( n = 88 ), 84.1% developed coinfections involving 2, 3, or 4 different parasite species. The results showed a statistically significant correlation between the location of pigs and parasitic infections and that some prevalent parasites are zoonotic. Interventions among pig farmers in Nyagatare should aim to improve awareness and to provide information on the negative impacts of swine gastrointestinal parasites on pig production and human health.
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Golovchenko, Tverdokhlebova, Shirinyan, Kiosova, and Ermakova. "PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF ENTEROBIASIS." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 20 (May 14, 2019): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-9902340-8-6.2019.20.189-193.
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In the structure of the incidence of parasitic invasions in the Russian Federation, enterobiosis – contact parasitosis is the dominant helminthiasis. According to the state report, the predominantly childish population of the country suffers from enterobiasis. So, the share of children under 17 years old in the structure of patients with enterobiasis in 2017 was 97.5% [1]. In recent years, there has been no steady positive incidence of this helminthiasis, so in 2014 the incidence of enterobiosis in the population was 148.72 per 100 thousand of the population, and in 2017 this figure increased to 154.7 per 100 thousand of the population. According to the analysis of the medical records of patients of the clinic of infectious and parasitic diseases, the percentage of adults among patients with enterobiasis in the last 5 years amounted to 20.9%. This fact is explained by the decrease in the number of surveys and the selection of ineffective methods for diagnosing this parasitosis among the adult population of the Russian Federation.One of the most important non-specific laboratory signs of parasitic invasion is the leukemoid reaction of the eosinophilic type. Among patients referred to the clinic for the purpose of eliminating parasitic diseases, the proportion of patients with eosinophilia was 35.8%. The diagnosis of parasitic invasion was made in 25.0% of patients, the rest suffered from various allergic diseases, neoplasms, pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, etc. The structure of parasitic diseases was represented mainly by 13 nosological forms. Enterobiasis was most frequently recorded (43.8%), the proportion of larvaceous helminth infections (echinococcosis, ostocarosis, dirofilariasis) was 19.5%, other gastrointestinal worms (teniarinhoz, diphyllobotriosis, opisthorchiasis, strongyloidosis) – 22.8%. 6.3% of patients had a combined invasion of two or more parasites. The clinic annually registers up to 7.6% of cases of rare imported parasitosis (loaosis, leishmaniasis, cutaneous larva migrans, etc.).
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HUNT, VICKY L., ISHENG J. TSAI, MURRAY E. SELKIRK, and MARK VINEY. "The genome ofStrongyloidesspp. gives insights into protein families with a putative role in nematode parasitism." Parasitology 144, no. 3 (September 13, 2016): 343–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182016001554.
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SUMMARYParasitic nematodes are important and abundant parasites adapted to live a parasitic lifestyle, with these adaptations all aimed at facilitating their survival and reproduction in their hosts. The recently sequenced genomes of fourStrongyloidesspecies, gastrointestinal parasites of humans and other animals, alongside transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of free-living and parasitic stages of their life cycles have revealed a number of protein families with a putative role in their parasitism. Many of these protein families have also been associated with parasitism in other parasitic nematode species, suggesting that these proteins may play a fundamental role in nematode parasitism more generally. Here, we review key protein families that have a putative role inStrongyloides’ parasitism – acetylcholinesterases, astacins, aspartic proteases, prolyl oligopeptidases, proteinase inhibitors (trypsin inhibitors and cystatins), SCP/TAPS and transthyretin-like proteins – and the evidence for their key, yet diverse, roles in the parasitic lifestyle.
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Ajakaye, O. G., and E. T. Obimakinde. "How consumption of unwashed fresh vegetables continued to serve as transmission avenues for Intestinal parasites in man." Nigerian Journal of Parasitology 42, no. 1 (April 14, 2021): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v42i1.22.
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The spiking rate of occurrence of food-borne parasitic diseases in developing countries calls for continuous public health surveillance. This study evaluated how consumption of unwashed vegetables serves as transmission routes for parasites. Two hundred vegetables (cabbage, carrot, tomato, cucumber, and green pepper) samples from Ikoko, Oja oba, Eyin Ogbe and Ojomu markets in Owo and Oja-Oba, Shasha, Nepa and Ijomu markets within Akure were examined for parasites using sedimentation techniques from April to July, 2019. Results revealed a cumulative positive prevalence rate of 61.5% for parasites. Cabbage had the highest prevalence of 87.5% and the least prevalence of 30% amongst the carrots. The food-borne protozoa and helminths parasites of different developmental stages (cysts, eggs and larvae) recovered in this study were Giardia lamblia, Balantidium coli, Entamoeba histolytica, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, Strongyloides stercorali, Taenia spp., Enterobius vermicularis, Toxocara spp., Vampirolepis nana. The most common parasite was A. lumbricoides(21.3%) while the lowest prevalence rate was observed in Toxocara spp. and Vampirolepis nana(0.5%). It was observed that vegetables sampled from Owo markets appear to be more contaminated with most of the isolated parasites than samples from Akure markets with a significant difference (p>0.05). From the high parasitic load, there is the need for monitoring the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in the study areas as residents in the areas are at risk of contracting intestinal parasitic infections through consumption of raw salad vegetables.
Keywords: Parasite, vegetable, prevalence, Akure, Owo
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Shcherbak, O. V., and O. V. Semenko. "FERTILITY OF GOATS AFFECTED OF PARASITIC DISEASES." Animal Breeding and Genetics 54 (November 29, 2017): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.54.25.
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In modern conditions of management there is a need for systematical regulation of individual stages of the animal reproduction process in order to ensure the effective use of genetic resources of the breeding stock, planning of production processes and the timing of their implementation. One of the problems of the zootechnical and veterinary sciences are parasitic diseases and pathology parturition, which relates to the urgent issues of reducing the reproductive capacity of animals and inhibits the rapid development of livestock, in particular, goats breeding. In the case of a chronic course of parasitic diseases, animals do not enter hunting or note an inferior sexual cycle and, accordingly, farmers do not receive the applause and there are significant losses in milk productivity.
The purpose of our research was to consider the main indicators characterizing reproducible ability of goats and the preservation of the offsprings in the presence of parasitic diseases. For this purpose we have applied parasitological and zootechnical methods of research. We examined 98 goats from 25 individual farms in the city Borispol. It was established that only 4,1% of our investigated 98 goats were free from parasites. 12.3% of goats were affected by one type of worms (Trichostrongylus axei), 26.5% of goats were affected by two types of worms (Trichostrongylus axei and Cooperia punctata), 21.4% – by three types of worms (Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia punctata and Nematodirus spatiger, 20.4% – by four types of worms (Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia punctata, Nematodirus spatiger, Ostertagia ostertagi), 10.2% – by five types of worms (Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia punctata, Nematodirus spatiger, Ostertagia ostertagi Oesophagostomym radiatum) and 6.1% – by six types of worms (Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia punctata, Nematodirus spatiger, Ostertagia ostertagi Oesophagostomium radiatum, Bunostomum phlebotomum). All revealed worms belonged to the Strongylata order and were pathogens gastrointestinal Strongylata infections in goats. In 25.5% of the examined animals, a significant defeat of Trichodectidae ectoparasites was observed. The analysis of the results showed the need for parasitological studies of animals kept in individual farms. The death of the goats predominantly accounts for the first 20 days of their post-embryonal life, which we observed in 77.8% of cases of death of the goats born from goats that revealed the presence of parasitic diseases. 6.4% of the goats from the coughing-affected parasites were unsatisfactory with a low clinical development status. In goats free from parasites, all born goats have a satisfactory clinical condition with high development potential.
In the article we present the prospect of conducting further parasitological studies to ensure healthy clinical condition of animals, obtaining viable young animals and full realization of the productive potential of the animal.
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Harinasuta, T., and P. F. L. Boreham. "Symposium stream 2: Parasitic infections of the gastrointestinal tract." International Journal for Parasitology 17, no. 5 (July 1987): 989–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(87)90181-0.
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Xu, Shanghua, Shumiao Zhang, Xiaolong Hu, Baofeng Zhang, Shuang Yang, Xin Hu, Shuqiang Liu, Defu Hu, and Jiade Bai. "Temporal and spatial dynamics of gastrointestinal parasite infection in Père David’s deer." PeerJ 9 (May 5, 2021): e11335. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11335.
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Background The Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus) population was established from only a small number of individuals. Their genetic diversity is therefore relatively low and transmissible (parasitic) diseases affecting them merit further attention. Parasitic infections can affect the health, survival, and population development of the host. However, few reports have been published on the gastrointestinal parasites of Père David’s deer. The aims of this study were: (1) to identify the intestinal parasites groups in Père David’s deer; (2) to determine their prevalence and burden and clarify the effects of different seasons and regions on various indicators of Père David’s deer intestinal parasites; (3) to evaluate the effects of the Père David’s deer reproductive period on these parasites; (4) to reveal the regularity of the parasites in space and time. Methods In total, 1,345 Père David’s deer faecal samples from four regions during four seasons were tested using the flotation (saturated sodium nitrate solution) to identify parasites of different genus or group, and the McMaster technique to count the number of eggs or oocysts. Results Four groups of gastrointestinal parasites were found, of which strongyles were dominant; their prevalence and burden were significantly higher than other groups. Significant temporal and spatial effects on gastrointestinal parasitic infection were found. Parasite diversity, prevalence, parasite burden, and aggregation were the highest in summer. Among the four regions, parasite diversity, prevalence, and burden were the highest in the Dongting Lake area. In addition, parasite diversity and burden during the reproductive period of Père David’s deer was significantly higher than during the post-reproductive period. Conclusions The summer season and the reproductive period of Père David’s deer had great potential for parasite transmission, and there is a high risk of parasite outbreaks in the Dongting Lake area.
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Silva, Juliana Vasconcelos Lyra da, Gilberto Fontes, Célia Dias dos Santos, Rafael Vital dos Santos, and Eliana Maria Mauricio da Rocha. "Factors Associated with Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infections among Young Population in Northeast Brazil." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6239434.
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Background. Intestinal parasitic infections constitute a major public health problem that is frequently associated with poverty, inadequate sanitation, and the nutritional status of the population.Objective. The aim of the present study is to investigate the possible association of parasitic infections, sanitary conditions, hygiene practices, and the nutritional and socioeconomic status of a poor youth population.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 367 children and adolescents inhabiting a substandard settlement in the urban area of Maceió (Alagoas State, Brazil). Data collection included socioeconomic status, anthropometric measurements, fecal sample examinations, and laboratory blood analysis. The identification of factors associated with gastrointestinal parasitic infections was undertaken through bi- and multivariate analyses.Results. Stool sample analysis obtained from 300 individuals revealed that 204 (68%) were infected with at least one parasite species and of these 130 (63.7%) were polyparasitized. No significant associations were identified between low height for age (stunted), parasitic infections, and polyparasitism. There was also no association between family income and parasitosis. However, low socioeconomic status proved to be a potential risk factor for parasitic infections.Conclusion. Actions must be taken to improve sanitation, housing, and environmental conditions in order to eliminate the risk factors for parasitic infections, and thereby guarantee a better quality of life for this population.
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Kaewnoi, Domechai, Ratchakul Wiriyaprom, Saowakon Indoung, and Ruttayaporn Ngasaman. "Gastrointestinal parasite infections in fighting bulls in South Thailand." August-2020 13, no. 8 (2020): 1544–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.1544-1548.
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Background and Aim: Bullfighting is booming in South Thailand, attracting tourists, and stimulating local economies. The bulls are well raised and practiced, but in many cases, the owners lack knowledge and understanding of the prevention of animal diseases, including parasitic infections. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasite infection in fighting bulls. Materials and Methods: A total of 1501 fecal samples were collected from bulls aged 2-5 years visiting the animal hospital of Prince of Songkla University during 2016-2019. The formalin ethylether concentration method was used to detect GI parasites in feces. Results: The overall rate of GI parasite infection was 94.27%. Rumen fluke eggs were detected in 97.17% of all infected animals, followed in prevalence by strongyles (26.29%), Eurytrema spp. (2.83%), Fasciola spp. (2.47%), Trichuris spp. (0.35%), and Moniezia spp. (0.14%). Two protozoan genera were identified, Balantidium coli (6.64%) and Eimeria spp. (3.53%). Coinfection was observed in 33.99%. The five most common coinfections were rumen fluke with strongyles (20.85%), B. coli (4.66%), Eimeria spp. (1.55%), Eurytrema spp. (1.34%), and Fasciola spp. (1.06%). Conclusion: In addition to high GI parasite infection rates, zoonotic parasites were observed. Therefore, it is recommended that farmers should follow good sanitation and prevention practices to control parasitic infections in bulls, and proper hygienic precautions should be taken by the owners. Implementation of deworming programs using appropriate anthelmintic drugs as well as rotation of anthelmintic drug that have different chemical agent to prevent further drug resistance should be considered. The promotion of bull health management is highly recommended to protect humans from zoonotic diseases.
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Cherkasova, N. A., Z. H. Bzhasso, V. P. Bulatov, and K. E. Krasnoperova. "Gastroenterological diseases among school-age children." Kazan medical journal 67, no. 5 (September 15, 1986): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj70720.
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A cumulative examination of 4,070 schoolchildren aged 7 to 14 years was conducted in Kazan. Symptoms of digestive tract lesions were found in 340 children. In addition to these patients 290 children with a history of gastroenterological risk factors were identified. Parents had gastroenterological diseases in 40% of those examined, 63% had chronic foci of infection, and 36.9% had acute gastrointestinal and parasitic diseases.
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VERWEIJ, JACO J., and LISETTE VAN LIESHOUT. "Intestinal parasitic infections in an industrialized country; a new focus on children with better DNA-based diagnostics." Parasitology 138, no. 12 (August 23, 2011): 1492–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182011001211.
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SUMMARYIn recent years, the isolation of parasitic DNA from faecal samples and PCR techniques, have been improved and simplified. Moreover, the introduction of real-time PCR has made it possible to multiplex different targets into one reaction. These new technical possibilities make it feasible to introduce PCR with its unsurpassed sensitivity and specificity in a routine laboratory setting for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites. Detection rates of the parasitic infections included in the PCR are increased significantly compared with microscopy. Molecular diagnostics, especially in children, reveal a possible cause of the gastrointestinal complaints in many more cases compared with conventional methods. Usually in GP patients no other pathogenic parasites are detected using microscopy and in the returning travellers additional parasites are found with microscopy in a minority of cases only. Multiplex real-time PCR offers a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic alternative for labour intensive microscopy in clinical laboratory practice. Additional diagnostic methods for the detection of parasitic infections that are not included as PCR target can be limited to a selected group of patients.
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Costa, João Lory, Ana Margarida Alho, Lídia Gomes, Ana Eiras, Telmo Nunes, Gonçalo Vicente, Patrícia Lopes, and Luís Madeira de Carvalho. "Antineoplastic Chemotherapy and its Effects on the Gastrointestinal Parasitism of the Dog." Open Parasitology Journal 6, no. 1 (November 30, 2018): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874421401806010096.
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Background: In veterinary medicine, an increasing incidence of neoplastic diseases has been followed by a growth in the use of chemotherapeutic drugs, often associated with opportunistic infections. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs undergoing antineoplastic chemotherapy in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, as well as their evolution throughout the protocol and respective effects of chemotherapy on dogs’ lifestyle. Methods: Faecal samples were collected in a group of 30 dogs being treated for neoplastic diseases under different protocols, previous (G1) and during chemotherapy (G2). In total, 60 samples were analysed by Willis flotation, natural sedimentation, Baermann technique and faecal smear stained with Ziehl-Neelsen. A survey to characterize animal lifestyles and deworming care were also conducted with dog’s tutors. Results: In total, there were two positive samples for the protozoan Giardia sp., one of which is in association with the nematode Toxascaris leonina. The two dogs only obtained positive results during chemotherapy (G2). An overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic diseases of 6.7%, in G2, and 0%, in G1, was obtained. Conclusion: The low parasite prevalence has not allowed the evaluation of an association between the use of antineoplastic compounds and infections by gastrointestinal parasites. However, it was concluded that the studied groups were efficiently dewormed, as well as they did not experience any obvious changes in their parasitological component and its lifestyle.
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Edge, Victoria L., Frank Pollari, Lai King, Pascal Michel, Scott A. McEwen, Jeffrey B. Wilson, Michael Jerrett, Paul N. Sockett, and S. Wayne Martin. "Syndromic Surveillance ofNorovirusUsing over the Counter Sales of Medications related to Gastrointestinal Illness." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 17, no. 4 (2006): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2006/958191.
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OBJECTIVE: To assess whether over-the-counter (OTC) sales of gastrointestinal illness (GI)-related medications are associated with temporal trends of reportable community viral, bacterial and parasitic infections.METHODS: The temporal patterns in weekly and seasonal sales of nonprescription products related to GI were compared with those of reportable viral, bacterial and parasitic infections in a Canadian province.RESULTS: Temporal patterns of OTC product sales andNorovirusactivity were similar, both having highest activity in the winter months. In contrast, GI cases from both bacterial and parasitic agents were highest from late spring through to early fall.CONCLUSIONS: Nonprescription sales of antidiarrheal and antinauseant products are a good predictor of communityNorovirusactivity. Syndromic surveillance through monitoring of OTC product sales could be useful as an early indicator of theNorovirusseason, allowing for appropriate interventions to reduce the number of infections.
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Win, Shwe Yee, Myintzu Win, Ei Phyu Thwin, Lat Lat Htun, Myint Myint Hmoon, Hla Myet Chel, Yu Nandi Thaw, et al. "Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Small Ruminants in the Central Part of Myanmar." Journal of Parasitology Research 2020 (November 25, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8826327.
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Gastrointestinal parasite infection in small ruminants remains one of the major economic losses caused by reduced productivity. A total of 380 faecal samples were taken from 280 sheeps in Magway and Pwintbyu Townships and 100 goats in Natmauk Township, Myanmar. Faecal flotation and sedimentation methods were carried out to detect the presence of parasitic infections. Faecal egg and oocyst counts were carried out using the McMaster technique. The overall occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in small ruminants was 98.4% (374/380). The occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep (99.3%) was higher than that in goats (96%). The highest occurrence was found in Eimeria spp. (96%), followed by Trichostrongyle (77.1%), Trichuris spp. (35%), and Moniezia expansa (14%). The mixed infection rate was 84.8% (317/374), while a single infection was 15.2% (57/374). The mean eggs per gram (EPG) and oocysts per gram (OPG) of faeces were ranged from 50 to 600 and 50 to 29,800, respectively. Among the 4 nucleotide sequences isolated, one sequence was 94.10-94.47% similarity with Trichostrongylus colubriformis, reported from Laos, and three sequences showed 96.64-99.46% identity with Haemonchus contortus from Laos, China, India, and Mongolia. As gastrointestinal parasite infection in small ruminants was relatively high in the study area, the development of appropriate treatment and control measures should be provided to reduce production losses.
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Dudarchuk, A. N. "Peculiarities of sheep pathogenesis at associative invasions of gastrointestinal tract." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series 59, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-1-81-89.
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In the Republic of Belarus, primarily in farms with imperfect technology, parasitic diseases of sheep are widespread, including: nematodes of gastrointestinal tract, strongyloidosis, eimeriosis, monieziosis, trichocephalosis, cryptosporidiosis, etc. Study of impact of associative parasitosis of sheep on the immunobiological reactivity of animal body has recently become more and more theoretical and practical for rational use of drugs in treatment of these diseases. The purpose of research is to study peculiarities of sheep pathogenesis at associative invasions of gastrointestinal tract. The study was carried out at farm “Villia-agro”, Kobrin district, Brest region. Lambs of 2-4 months of age spontaneously infested with parasites of gastrointestinal tract have been selected. Parameters of cellular immunity were determined: number of leukocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, level of rosette-forming T- and B-lymphocytes and humoral immunity: circulating immune complexes, total protein, protein fractions, including proteins of C3 complement system and immunoglobulins, macro and microelements (calcium, phosphorus and iron) in blood serum. With spontaneous invasion of sheep by associations of parasites of gastrointestinal tract, the following changes have been determined: significant decrease in number of lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, concentration of total protein, albumin, - β- and g-globulins, calcium and phosphorus. Significant increase in leukocytes: Eosinophils and stab neutrophils, a1-globulins , circulating immune complexes. All this together indicates disturbance in functioning of body’s immunity and requires immediate appropriate treatment aimed both at destroying associations of parasites of gastrointestinal tract and restoring immune system of animal’s body. These studies will form basis for development of rational system for therapeutic and preventive measures for associative parasitosis of sheep in the Republic of Belarus, which will reduce economic damage from these diseases and improve quality of livestock products.
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von Huth, Sebastian, Poul-Erik Kofoed, and Uffe Holmskov. "Prevalence and potential risk factors for gastrointestinal parasitic infections in children in urban Bissau, Guinea-Bissau." Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 113, no. 9 (April 29, 2019): 545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trz032.
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Abstract Background Gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical countries. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of GI parasitic infections in children from Bissau, Guinea-Bissau and to identify the possible risk factors for these infections. Methods We performed an observational study on two comparable cohorts of children 2–15 y of age: one study covering health care–seeking children (n=748) and one study covering children from the background population (n=851). A total of 1274 faecal samples from the two cohorts were investigated for parasites by microscopy and the risk factors for infection were identified by logistic regression. Results Intestinal parasitic infections were found in 54.8% of health care–seeking children and 55.5% of children from the background population. Helminth infections were more common among health care–seeking children and were mainly due to hookworms. Pathogenic protozoa included Entamoeba histolytica/dispar and Giardia lamblia. The risk factors for infections included increasing age, household crowding and poor sanitation and water supply. Conclusions We found a high prevalence of intestinal parasites among both health care–seeking children and children from the background population. Compared with previous studies, we found a decreasing prevalence of intestinal helminths. This study further identifies potential risk factors for infections, including inadequate sanitation and water supply.
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Ojo, G. A., T. A. Adekeye, and H. O. Awobode. "Prevalence of single and mixed parasitic infections of dogs in Egbeda communities, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria." Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 17, no. 4 (April 7, 2020): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v17i4.4.
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Dogs harbour a wide array of parasites and have been implicated in the transmission of zoonotic diseases to humans. In a community-based cross-sectional study, 292 dogs and 241 dog owners were examined for parasites in urban and rural communities of Egbeda Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. A questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic information of dog owners and identify possible risk factors. Ectoparasites were collected from dog fur and preserved in 70% alcohol before identification. Freshly passed stools from dogs and their owners were collected and examined for intestinal parasites by modified sucrose floatation technique. Ectoparasites were present on 199 (68.2%) dogs, while 239 (81.8%) had intestinal parasites. Six ectoparasite species identified were Ctenocephalides canis (5.5%), C. felis (39.7%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (51.3%), Haemaphysalis leachii (48.9), Trichodectes canis (2.1%) and Linognathus spp (1.7%). Gastrointestinal parasites identified in dogs wereToxocara canis (55.8%), Ascaris spp (36%), Ancylostoma spp (40.1%), Trichuris spp (7.5%), Isospora spp (14.4%) and Toxascaris leonina (15.1%). Prevalence of gastrointestinal as well as ectoparasites were higher in rural communities with more mongrels infected compared to exotic breeds (p < 0.001). Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancyclostoma spp and Trichuris spp were identified in 99 (41.1%) of the dog owners. There was a significant relationship (r=0.36, p < 0.001) between the prevalence of infection in dogs and their owners. Most (75%) of the dog owners were aware only of the possibility of contracting rabies but not other zoonotic parasitic infections from their dogs. The high prevalence of gastrointestinal and ectoparasites of dogs in these communities suggests a very high risk of parasite transmission among dogs, their owners and other inhabitants of the community. The need for intervention programs including regular anti-parasitic treatment of dogs and health education which emphasizes the dangers of zoonotic infections in these communities is imperative.
Keywords: Dog owners, Ectoparasites, Gastrointestinal parasites, Urban and Rural dogs, Zoonoses
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ABDULLAYEV, N. T., K. Sh PASHAYEVA, and U. N. MUSEVI. "FUZZY LOGIC SYSTEM FOR INCREASING DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY PARASITIC DISEASES OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT." Vrach i informacionnye tehnologii, no. 1 (2021): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25881/itp.2021.96.89.006.
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Kyburz, Andreas, and Anne Müller. "The Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiota and Allergic Diseases." Digestive Diseases 34, no. 3 (2016): 230–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000443357.
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The gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiota is required for optimal digestion of foods, for the development of resistance against pathogens (termed colonization resistance), for the development of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, and for local as well as systemic immune homeostasis. Certain constituents of the GI tract microbiota are widely recognized as critical regulators and modulators of their host's immune response. These include bacterial members of the microbiota as well as parasitic nematodes. Immune regulation by immunomodulatory members of the GI microbiota primarily serves to subvert host antimicrobial immune defenses and promote persistent colonization, but as a side effect may prevent or suppress immunological disorders resulting from inappropriate responses to harmless antigens, such as allergy, colitis or autoimmunity. Many of the best understood GI-resident immunomodulatory species have co-evolved with their mammalian hosts for tens of thousands of years and masterfully manipulate host immune responses. In this review, we discuss the epidemiological evidence for the role of the GI tract microbiota as a whole, and of specific members, in protection against allergic and other immunological disorders. We then focus on the mechanistic basis of microbial immunomodulation, which is presented using several well-understood paradigmatic examples, that is, helminths, Helicobacter pylori, Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli. In a final chapter, we highlight past and ongoing attempts at harnessing the immunomodulatory properties of GI microbiota species and their secreted products for intervention studies and describe the promises and limitations of these experimental approaches. The effects of pro- and prebiotics, bacterial lysates, as well as of fecal microbiota transplantation are presented and compared.
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Adhikari, Roshan Babu, Mahendra Maharjan, and Tirth Raj Ghimire. "Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in the Frugivorous and the Insectivorous Bats in Southcentral Nepal." Journal of Parasitology Research 2020 (December 12, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8880033.
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Bats are the only active flying placental mammals and are traditionally classified into mega- and microbats, which are, respectively, herbivorous and insectivorous in feeding habit. Though deforestation, habitat destruction, natural calamities, illegal hunting, and climate changes are the challenging threats for bats, the role of existing gastrointestinal (GI) parasites have not been evaluated yet in Nepal. Thus, the current study aims to determine the prevalence of GI parasites in bats from the Shaktikhor area at the Chitwan district of Southcentral Nepal. From July 2018 to February 2019, a total of 60 fecal samples of bats (30 from frugivorous bats and 30 from the insectivorous bats) were collected. These samples were preserved at 2.5% potassium dichromate solution. The fecal examination was carried out by the direct wet mount, concentrations, acid-fast staining, and sporulation techniques. Overall results showed the prevalence rate of 80% GI parasites. The parasites detected in the insectivorous bats were Ascarid spp., Capillarid sp., Cryptosporidium sp., Eimeria spp., Entamoeba sp., Giardia sp., Hymenolepis spp., Isospora sp., Oxyurid sp., Strongyle, and Strongyloides sp. In contrast, Eimeria sp., Entamoeba sp., and Hymenolepis sp. were detected in the frugivorous bats. Based on a wide diversity of parasite richness and parasitic concurrency measured by the prevalence rates, we suggest that GI parasitism might be a threatening factor in the insectivorous bats in the current study area.
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Li, Robert W., Sitao Wu, Weizhong Li, Karl Navarro, Robin D. Couch, Dolores Hill, and Joseph F. Urban. "Alterations in the Porcine Colon Microbiota Induced by the Gastrointestinal Nematode Trichuris suis." Infection and Immunity 80, no. 6 (April 9, 2012): 2150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00141-12.
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ABSTRACTHelminth parasites ensure their survival by regulating host immunity through mechanisms that dampen inflammation. These properties have recently been exploited therapeutically to treat human diseases. The biocomplexity of the intestinal lumen suggests that interactions between the parasite and the intestinal microbiota would also influence inflammation. In this study, we characterized the microbiota in the porcine proximal colon in response toTrichuris suis(whipworm) infection using 16S rRNA gene-based and whole-genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing. A 21-dayT. suisinfection in four pigs induced a significant change in the composition of the proximal colon microbiota compared to that of three parasite-naive pigs. Among the 15 phyla identified, the abundances ofProteobacteriaandDeferribactereswere changed in infected pigs. The abundances of approximately 13% of genera were significantly altered by infection. Changes in relative abundances ofSuccinivibrioandMucispirillum, for example, may relate to alterations in carbohydrate metabolism and niche disruptions in mucosal interfaces induced by parasitic infection, respectively. Of note, infection byT. suisled to a significant shift in the metabolic potential of the proximal colon microbiota, where 26% of all metabolic pathways identified were affected. Besides carbohydrate metabolism, lysine biosynthesis was repressed as well. A metabolomic analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the luminal contents showed a relative absence in infected pigs of cofactors for carbohydrate and lysine biosynthesis, as well as an accumulation of oleic acid, suggesting altered fatty acid absorption contributing to local inflammation. Our findings should facilitate development of strategies for parasitic control in pigs and humans.
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Moraga, P., J. M. Kinsella, and M. S. Sepúlveda. "Helminth parasites of eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) from southern Indiana, USA." Journal of Helminthology 86, no. 1 (February 4, 2011): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x11000034.
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AbstractVery little is known about parasitic diseases of eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina). The objective of this study was to examine the parasitic fauna of eastern box turtles collected from southern Indiana, USA. Turtles (n = 40) were salvaged mostly as road kills from southern Indiana between May and October 2009. Seven species of helminths in total were found parasitizing the gastrointestinal tract, including two digenean trematodes (Brachycoelium salamandrae and Telorchis robustus) and five nematodes (Oswaldocruzia pipiens, Cosmocercoides dukae, Falcaustra affinis, F. chelydrae and Serpinema trispinosus). We report prevalence, abundance and mean intensity of infection for all helminths. Helminths were not found in any other organs examined (heart, gonads, liver, heart, kidney and urinary bladder) and no ectoparasites were found. Overall, mean intensity of infections was low (1–14 parasites/host), suggesting that these parasites are unlikely to be associated with negative health impacts. This constitutes the first study of this kind for Indiana.
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Abdolrasouli, Alireza, Alexander McMillan, and John P. Ackers. "Sexual transmission of intestinal parasites in men who have sex with men." Sexual Health 6, no. 3 (2009): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh08084.
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Direct oral-anal sexual contact is a common practice among men who have sex with men (MSM) and is implicated in the transmission of various enteric pathogens including intestinal parasites. The present study reviewed data on the sexual transmission of intestinal parasites among MSM, and highlighted advances in the diagnosis of such infections. The emergence and spread of intestinal parasites is of public health concern particularly in the homosexual community. Intestinal parasitic infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease in this population. Combination of traditional diagnostic procedures with implementation of testing based on novel molecular methods in the accurate identification of intestinal parasites is important so that early intervention and control of infection is facilitated.
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Waku, M., L. Napolitano, E. Clementini, T. Staniscia, C. Spagnolli, A. Andama, P. Kasiriye, and P. Innocenti. "Risk of Cancer Onset in Sub-Saharan Africans Affected with Chronic Gastrointestinal Parasitic Diseases." International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 18, no. 3 (July 2005): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039463200501800310.
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Gastrointestinal Schistosomiasis and Amebiasis are uncommon in the western world, while such infections are frequent in the African community. In addition to the problems associated with the clinical symptoms of these parasitic infections, it is important to stress the increase in cancer of the Gastro-Intestinal (GI) tract. In this study we evaluate the prevalence of cancer in patients affected by chronic inflammatory diseases caused by the above named parasites. In three years, from January 2000 to December 2003, we observed a total of 1199 subject. Of these, 950 presented with complaints of diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal pain, melena, hematemesis, rectal discharges and alteration of bowel habits. A total of 818 patients were evaluated in Uganda (Mulago and Arua hospitals) and 381 at Luisa Guidotti Hospital in Zimbabwe. An exhaustive clinical history was collected for each patient and then physical and laboratory examinations were performed. The clinical files of all patients previously admitted to the respective hospitals were obtained and the information taken from these files was then integrated with our clinical findings. Subjects who were found free of gastro-intestinal disease after examinations and did not have a clinical history of infective GI disease but presented with other pathologies, were regarded as control group. The control group was composed of 249 subjects. The subjects who were positive on examination underwent further investigations. The number of patients affected by schistosomiasis and amoebiasis were 221 and 224 respectivelly. The number of patients who suffered from aspecific enterocolitis was 454, intestinal tuberculosis was present in 21 patients and we found 30 patients with esophageal candidiasis. Patients who had the above mentioned GI diseases were then divided into 3 groups. First group was composed of patients who had a clinical history of infective GI diseases and were re-admitted for similar symptoms, and on examination were positive for the presence of the same infective GI diseases. Such patients were placed in the “Chronic group”. The second group was formed of patients who had previously undergone treatment for infective GI diseases but on re-admission were found free of infective GI disease, and this group was described as the “Cured group”. They had symptoms associated with other pathologies. A third group, which we described as the “Acute group” was composed of patients who did not have any previous case of GI infection and were admitted for the first time. Such patients were found positive on examination for infective GI diseases. In the 950 patients, we found a total of 45 tumors. The tumors were prevalent (42 tumours) in the chronic group. In 34 patients the tumor was in the colo-rectal region, in 3 patients in the stomach, in 4 patients in the oesophagus and 1 patient had cancer in the small bowel. Our results show a strong association between the chronic infection of the GI tract and the likelihood to develop tumours. However, it is not clear which biological mechanisms are implicated in such transformations. They may depend on the chronic inflammation of the GI mucous which permits the entrance of carcinogenic materials or on the effects of mutagenic products produced by the parasites or both.
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Hallinger, Malek J., Anja Taubert, and Carlos Hermosilla. "Endoparasites infecting exotic captive amphibian pet and zoo animals (Anura, Caudata) in Germany." Parasitology Research 119, no. 11 (September 22, 2020): 3659–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06876-0.
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Abstract Alongside exotic reptiles, amphibians, such as toads, frogs, salamanders, and newts, are nowadays considered popular pets worldwide. As reported for other exotic pet animals, amphibians are known to harbor numerous gastrointestinal parasites. Nonetheless, very little data are available on captive amphibian parasitic diseases. In this study, we applied direct saline fecal smears (DSFS) to examine in total 161 stool samples from 41 different amphibian species belonging to the orders Anura and Caudata. In addition, carbolfuchsin-smear (CFS) staining (n = 74 samples) was used to detect amphibian Cryptosporidium oocysts. Also, complete dissections of deceased amphibians (n = 107) were performed to specify parasite infections and to address parasite-associated pathogenicity. Overall, examined amphibian fecal samples contained 12 different parasite taxa. The order Rhabditida with the species Rhabdias spp. and Strongyloides spp. were the most prevalent nematode species (19.3%), followed by flagellated protozoans (8.7%), Amphibiocapillaria spp./Neocapillaria spp. (7.5%), Oswaldocruzia spp. (4.3%), Blastocystis spp. (3.1%), Cosmocerca spp. (3.1%), oxyurids (Pharyngonoidae) (3.1%), spirurids (1.2%), un-sporulated coccidian oocysts (0.6%), Tritrichomonas spp. (0.6%), Karotomorpha spp. (0.6%), and Cryptosporidium spp. (0.6%). One CFS-stained fecal sample (1.4%) was positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Within dissected amphibians, 31 (48.4%) of the anurans and 11 (26.2%) of the salamanders were infected with gastrointestinal parasites. One cutaneous Pseudocapillaroides xenopi infection was diagnosed in an adult African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). Etiologically, 17 (15.9%) of them died due to severe parasitic and/or bacterial infections (e.g., Chryseobacterium indologenes, Citrobacter freudii, Sphingobacterium multivorum, Klebsiella pneumoniae). High prevalence and pathological findings of several clinical amphibian parasitoses call for more detailed investigation on gastrointestinal parasite-derived molecular mechanisms associated with detrimental lesions or even death.
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Singh, Malkeet, Paramjit Kaur, Lachhman Das Singla, Neeraj Kashyap, and Mandeep Singh Bal. "Assessment of risk factors associated with prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in poultry of central plain zone of Punjab, India." Veterinary World 14, no. 4 (April 22, 2021): 972–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.972-977.
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Background and Aim: Parasitic diseases are an important hurdle to the economy for the developing poultry industry due to their deleterious effects resulting into malnutrition, diminished feed conversion ratio, weight loss, decreased egg production, and mortality in young birds. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of gastrointestinal (GIT) parasites in poultry farms of central plain zone of Punjab. Materials and Methods: A total of 490 pooled droppings and 351 intact intestines of poultry from slaughterhouses from seven districts of central plain zone of Punjab state, India, were collected and analyzed from September 2016 to May 2018 by qualitative and quantitative techniques. Results: An overall prevalence of GIT parasites was 38.36% with significantly (p<0.01) highest (74.1%) in Ludhiana and lowest (12.0%) in Shri Fatehgarh Sahib. The most predominant (86.2%) infection was coccidia. The birds reared under a deep litter system were having a higher (p<0.01) fecal load of helminthic eggs and coccidian oocysts (54.4%) compared to the cage system (37.5%). Infection rate was apparently more (40%) in broilers than layers (35.7%). Prevalence of GIT parasites was higher (p<0.01) in monsoon season (58.5%) and lower in summer season (24.48%). The broilers in the age group of 0-2 weeks possessed a significant higher (p<0.05) level of GIT parasitic infection (57.5%), while in case of layers, a higher infection rate (46.66%) was observed in birds between 9 and 18 weeks of age as compared in other groups. Higher (p<0.05) infection rate of GIT parasites was seen in crossbred (45.55%) birds as compared to desi birds (20.00%). Conclusion: The study showed that coccidiosis was the predominant infection among all GIT parasites based on fecal and intestinal tract content analysis. The risk factors associated with the prevalence of GIT parasitic infections were geographical location, deep litter system, broilers, age, crossbred breeds, and monsoon season.
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Bobak, David A. "Use of nitazoxanide for gastrointestinal tract infections: Treatment of protozoan parasitic infection and beyond." Current Infectious Disease Reports 8, no. 2 (March 2006): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11908-006-0003-y.
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Ismail, Ahmed Abdurhman, Nasredin Khogali Ahmed, Ahmed Elhag Bashar, Hisham Ismail Seri, El Tigani Ahmed El Tigani-Asil, and Adam Dawoud Abakar. "A Survey of Seasonal Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infections in Donkeys from a Semiarid Sub-Saharan Region, Sudan." Journal of Pathogens 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4602751.
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Out of 92 donkeys examined for gastrointestinal parasites, 90 animals were found infected by one or more gastrointestinal parasites with an overall prevalence rate of 97.78%. The distributions of the recovered parasites in the different parts of the body were as follows: stomach, 92.4%, small intestine, 19.6%, caecum, 88%, colon, 80.4%, rectum, 73.9%, and cranial mesenteric artery, 64.1%. A significant difference was found between mean parasite counts and seasons. Hot wet season had higher mean parasites count (5411.5±1694.4) in comparison with hot dry (1795.9±399.6) and cool dry (1719.9±522.4) seasons. Although there was no significant difference between age and mean parasite count, animals more than four years old had high mean count (3361.3±921.8) in comparison with2330±744.3and2030.2±873.1for young and adults animals, respectively. No significant positive or negative correlation was found between total parasite counts of infected animals and any of the climatic factors. The parasites identified wereHabronemaspp. (40.2%),Trichostrongylus axei(30.4%),Parascaris equorum(18.5%),Anoplocephala perfoliata(4.35%),Gastrodiscus aegyptiacus(8.7%), large strongyles (84%), small strongyles (72%), andOxyuris equi(1.1%).
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Rahman, Shaziea, Rashida Khatun, Lavely Nahar, and Tanjila Khanum. "Chemotherapy of gastrointestinal parasitic diseases in domestic pigeons (Columba livia) in Rajshahi division of Bangladesh." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 6, no. 2 (September 9, 2019): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v6i2.43061.
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The present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in pigeon (columba livia) at Rajshahi division from 01-01-2016 to 15-12-2016 and to evaluate the comparative efficacy piparazine citrate and levamisole HCL. Total 3 different species of parasites were recorded in this study and those were Ascaridia columbae, Capillilaria obsignata, Raillietina tetragona. Out of 263 pigeon, 109 pigeon having ascarid and capillaria positive were treatment with piparazine citrate and levamisole HCL. The pigeon were treated with recommended (10g mixed in 6 litre drinking water for 100 pigeon) dose of Ascarex® and recommended (1gm mixed in 1 litre drinking water) dose of Avinex® orally, respectively. The recovery rate of ascariasis at 7th days was 50.9% and capillariasis was 51.85%. After 21th days the recovery rate of ascariasis was 72.72% and capillariasis was 66.66%. The efficacy of drugs is more in case of young (77.27% at 7th days and 87.36% at 21th days) than adult (44.82% at 7th days and 65.51% at 21th days).In exotic breeds efficacy is good (60.41% at 7th days and 85.41% at 21th days) than indigenous breeds (44.26% at 7th days and 66.65% at 21th days). The recovery rate is more in traditional (65.3% at 7th days and 78.33% at 21th days) than commercial farming system (42.85% at 7th days and 58.33% at 21th days).
Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 323-328, August 2019
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Tishkov, M. Iu, V. I. Мikhailov, and О. N. Shmakova. "Parasitic diseases of deer and the wild hoofed mammals at some hunting farms of Russia." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University) 48, no. 3 (September 21, 2018): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2018-48-3-103-107.
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The article describes helminthological experiments of the hoofed mammals on 6 maral farms and 1 hunting farm located in different regions of the Russian Federation, exactly in the Altai Territory and, Kaluga and Tver regions. The researchers investigated 773 samples of coprological material and highlighted the main pathogens of parasitic diseases: they are elaphostrongyls, intestinal strongylitis, eimerias, trichocephalans, scabies and nematodes. The researchers identified 12 types of pathogens. The authors observed highest rates of invasiveness caused by elaphostrongillosis, gastrointestinal strongylitis, trichocephalosis, and nematodeirozis in marals inhabiting in the Altai Territory. Their degree of invasion extensity was 100, 90, 87.5 and 25%, whereas invasion intensity was 9842, 147, 19 and 2 samples. The extensive invasion when experiencing eimeriosis reaches maximum parameters in mouflons at 100% when intensive invasion is 45 oocysts per gram of material. Scallop mites are widely spread in Tver region among the European deer population when extensive invasion is 85.7% and intensive invasion is 2 samples. The common causative agents of invasive diseases among the animals are gastrointestinal strongylitis, eumeria, elaphostrongyls, trichocephaly, scabies and nematodes. They are observed in three regions of Russia. The difference in the extensive and intensive rates of invasion depends on the geographical, climatic and anthropogenic factors that comprehensively influence their changes to a certain extent.
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Kalkanov, I., and Iv Dinev. "PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF RELEVANT GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES IN NEWBORN AND GROWING CALVES." Trakia Journal of Sciences 17, no. 4 (2019): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2019.04.019.
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The emphasis of this literature overview is placed on the etiology, epidemiology, specific gross and microscopic pathological changes of the commonest gastrointestinal diseases in newborn and growing calves in dairy and beef farms. Neonatal diarrhea in calves is a multifactorial disease accompanied with high morbidity and mortality rates. It incurs considerable economic losses for cattle industry worldwide. The gastroenteritis in calves is most commonly of infectious or parasitic etiology and the most frequently involved enteropathogens are Cryptosporidium parvum, bovine rotaviruses (GRA BRV), bovine coronaviruses (BCoV), mucosal disease virus - bovine viral diarrhoea (BVDV) and Escherichia coli K99 (F5). Affected calves are from 24th hours to 30 days of age, and the appearance of the disease is largely dependent on the immunological status of newborn calves, the amount of ingested colostrum, whether dams are vaccinated or not during the dry period, and the conditions of housing of newborns. The specific gross and microscopic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and of some parenchymal organs are essential for the diagnostics and differential diagnostics of reviewed diseases.
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Bouragba, Messaoud, AbdElkarim Laatamna, Fatima Elzahra Cheddad, Djamel Baroudi, Karim Houali, and Ahcène Hakem. "Gastrointestinal parasites of dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Algeria." August-2020 13, no. 8 (2020): 1635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.1635-1640.
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Aim: The present study was designed to investigate the prevalence and identification of gastrointestinal parasites in feces samples of dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Algeria based on microscopic examination. Materials and Methods: A total of 717 fresh fecal samples obtained from 28 farms at Steppe and Northern Sahara regions of Algeria were processed for microscopic examination after concentration by formalin-ether sedimentation and flotation techniques. In addition, microscopic examination of Cryptosporidium spp. was done by modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining and Lugol staining procedure was used for the detection of Giardia cysts. Results: Microscopic examination indicated an infection rate of gastrointestinal parasites of 48.26% (346/717). Protozoan infections were recorded at 17.02% (122/717), whereas helminth infections were recorded at 23.71% (170/717). In addition, mixed infection (protozoans and helminths) was seen at 7.53% (54/717). No correlation was found between infection and age of the animals, nor the consistency of the stool samples; in addition, neither influence of sex nor breed of camels was observed. Eighteen genera of gastrointestinal parasites were revealed; including four genera of protozoa, 12 Nematoda, one Cestoda, and one Trematoda. Strongyloides spp. and Eimeria spp. showed the highest rate of parasitism, while Cooperia spp. was observed with the lowest prevalence. Cryptosporidium spp. was detected in 13 among 717 examined samples (1.81%). Conclusion: The parasite fauna infecting the gastrointestinal tract of the Algerian dromedary is much diversified. The detected parasites in camels are similar to counterparts in other ruminants, posing serious challenge to animal farming. Future studies should be carried out to better understand the epidemiology of these parasitic diseases and their economic and public health impact.
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Prus, M. P., and Y. V. Duda. "Pathogens of diseases of the digestive tract of rabbits in the parasitocenosis." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 23, no. 102 (June 19, 2021): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet10214.
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Among the causes that cause significant economic damage to the rabbit industry are parasitic and infectious diseases. In different geographical areas, most protozoan and helminthic diseases exist as monoparasitosis and various associations. Associative invasions occur in various combinations. There is not enough information in the literature that could give a complete picture of the current state of infections and invasions of the gastrointestinal tract of rabbits in Ukraine. The aim of our work was to establish the epizootic situation regarding the pathogens of invasive and infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of rabbits. The work was performed during 2019–2020. Monitoring of the epizootic situation regarding parasitosis of the gastrointestinal tract of rabbits was carried out based on the results of coproscopic studies of animals from different regions of Ukraine. The spread of the disease was established by clinical observation, helminthoscopic, helminthovoscopic, helmintholarvoscopic studies of animals and incomplete helminthological autopsy of rabbits aged from birth to 4 years. According to our research, it was found that spirochetosis as a monoinfection was registered in 3.32 % of animals, eimeriosis as a monoinvasion – in 10.70 %, passalurosis – in 3.33 %, strongyloidosis – in 4.79 %, cysticercosis – in 1.85 %. Parasitosis of the gastrointestinal tract of rabbits most often occurred in the form of myxinvasions (76.01 %). Most often associative parasitosis of rabbits was detected as part of two-component mixinvasions (54,85%), less often recorded in the form of three-component mixinvasions (37.38 %) and four-component mixinvasions (7.77 %). Polyinvasions consisted of associations: prokaryotes, protozoa and nematodes (32.52 %), protozoa and nematodes (30.10 %), different types of nematodes (11.17 %), prokaryotes and nematodes (9.22 %), prokaryotes and protozoa (6.80 %), protozoa and cestodes (3.88 %), cestodes and nematodes (2.91 %), prokaryotes and cestodes (2.43 %), prokaryotes, protozoa, cestodes and nematodes (0.97 %), protozoa, cestodes and nematodes (0.49 %). In the parasitocenoses of the gastrointestinal tract of rabbits are most often registered in the form of associations with Eimeria sрp. and Treponema cuniculi (19.42 %), Eimeria sрp., Passalurus ambiguus and Treponema cuniculi (18.45 %), Eimeria sрp., Treponema cuniculi and Strongyloides papillosus (13.11 %), Passalurus ambiguus and Strongyloides papillosus (11.17 %). In total, 11 combinations of different types of parasites were identified, the co-members of which are passalurus, 10 – eimeria, 7 – strongyloides and treponema, 6 – cysticercus.
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Maganga, Gael Darren, Linda Bohou Kombila, Larson Boundenga, Ivan Cyr Moussadji Kinga, Judicael Obame-Nkoghe, Herve Tchoffo, Oubri Bassa Gbati, and Julius Awah-Ndukum. "Diversity and prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in farmed pigs in Southeast Gabon, Central Africa." December-2019 12, no. 12 (December 2019): 1888–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1888-1896.
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Background and Aim: Gastrointestinal infestations caused by intestinal parasites are the most important diseases and the most common in pigs in the tropics. These parasites are often associated with a huge economic loss. This study aimed to assess the diversity and prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in farmed pigs from Haut-Ogooue Province, in South East Gabon. Materials and Methods: From March 2018 to July 2018, 156 samples of pig feces collected from nine different farms were analyzed under light microscopy. The identification of eggs, cysts, and oocysts in fecal samples was done using two qualitative techniques: Flotation and sedimentation. Results: After examination, the results obtained revealed an overall infestation level of 98.7% (154/156). We found ten parasite types with infestation levels that varied from species: Balantidium coli (120/156), Oesophagostomum spp. (100/156), Isospora suis (102/156), Ancylostoma spp. (17/156), Trichostrongylus spp. (28/156), Hyostrongylus spp. (13/156), Strongyloides spp. (7/156), Ascaris suum (8/156), Globocephalus spp. (1/156), and spirurida (1/156). The study of risk factors revealed that factors such as sex, age, and physiological condition may influence the diversity and level of infestation of animals by gastrointestinal parasites. Conclusion: For better prevention of parasitism in these farms, it would be interesting to implement health monitoring and to ensure good hygiene. Finally, further studies would be needed to better evaluate the distribution of these parasites in Gabon and the involvement of these animals in the transmission cycle of parasitic zoonoses.
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Saputra, Hari Marta, and Mahesha Rama Dwi Putra. "JENIS-JENIS PARASIT INTERNAL PADA FESES KAMBING (Capra sp.) DI PASAR KAMBING KOTA BENGKULU." Konservasi Hayati 15, no. 2 (October 10, 2019): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/hayati.v1i2.10949.
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Parasitic diseases that are often a problem in livestock but are often ignored by farmers are intestinal worms caused by gastrointestinal worms. This study aims to determine the types of internal parasites in goat feces (Capra sp.). The study was conducted in July- August 2018 at the UPTD Laboratory and Animal Health Clinic in Bengkulu Province. Samples were taken from Bengkulu City Goat Market, then observed using native and sedimentation methods. The results of observing samples from three types of goat feces with negative methods obtained negative results, while observing samples by sedimentation method obtained six genus of worm eggs, specifically Ascaris sp., Ostertagia sp., Oesophagostomum sp., Strongyloides sp., Schistosoma sp., dan Skrjabinema sp.
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Yatusevich, A. I., I. S. Kasperovich, E. O. Kovalevskaya, N. G. Khomchenko, and A. A. Baranovsky. "SOME PROBLEMS OF INVASIVE PATHOLOGY IN GOATS." Transactions of the educational establishment “Vitebsk the Order of “the Badge of Honor” State Academy of Veterinary Medicine 57, no. 1 (2021): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52368/2078-0109-2021-57-1-72-76.
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Goat breeding is a promising branch of animal husbandry in the Republic of Belarus. Parasitic diseases of goats are studied insufficiently. The presence of helminths from the nematoda and cestoda classes in the gastrointestinal tract of goats has been found. The most common are parasites from the suborder strongylata, especially trichostrongylids. The Eimeria fauna is represented by 6 species, Eimeria arloingi and Eimeria ninaekohlyakimovae are more common. In natural agrophytobiocenoses ticks such as Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatusare are widely distributed. A positive effect was obtained from the use of the common tansy for eimerioses, aspen in combination with rowan against intestinal stongilates, and the bird cherry to protect goats from ticks.
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Vieira, Ítalo Stoupa, Isabela de Castro Oliveira, Samuel Galvão Freitas, Artur Kanadani Campos, and Jackson Victor de Araújo. "Arthrobotrys cladodes and Pochonia chlamydosporia in the biological control of nematodiosis in extensive bovine production system." Parasitology 147, no. 6 (February 3, 2020): 699–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182020000098.
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AbstractCattle production in extensive systems favours the occurrence of gastrointestinal nematodes, and the use of nematophagous fungi complements the control strategies for these nematodes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the fungi Arthrobotrys cladodes and Pochonia chlamydosporia in the biological control of gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes in grazing cattle. Twenty-four calves were randomly divided into four groups and allocated to independent paddocks from February 2018 to January 2019. In the first group, the animals received pellets containing P. chlamydosporia. In the second group, the animals received pellets containing A. cladodes. In the third group, the animals received pellets containing a combination of the fungi A. cladodes and P. chlamydosporia. In the control group, the animals received pellets without fungus. The combined use of A. cladodes and P. chlamydosporia showed greater efficacy in the biological control of bovine gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes than the same fungi used separately. The parasite load was lower and weight gain was greater (P ⩽ 0.05) in the groups of cattle treated with nematophagous fungi. Therefore, the use of A. cladodes and P. chlamydosporia is promising in the biological control of nematodiosis in cattle.
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Ursache, Aurora L., Adriana Györke, Viorica Mircean, Mirabela O. Dumitrache, Andrei Răzvan Codea, and Vasile Cozma. "Toxocara cati and Other Parasitic Enteropathogens: More Commonly Found in Owned Cats with Gastrointestinal Signs Than in Clinically Healthy Ones." Pathogens 10, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020198.
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Intestinal parasites are involved in the health and wellbeing of cats and some of them, due to their zoonotic potential, represent a problem for public health. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of parasitic infections in cats with gastrointestinal signs. Fecal samples collected from 137 cats were analyzed by the flotation method using a sodium chloride saturated solution. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 50.4%. Intestinal parasites were significantly (p < 0.0001) more common in cats with digestive clinical signs (66.7%) than in clinically healthy ones (19.2%). Toxocara cati (40.2%) was the most frequently identified intestinal parasite, followed by Cystoisospora spp. (10.2%), hookworms (3.7%), Taeniidae (2.2%), Giardia duodenalis (2.2%), and Toxoplasma gondii (0.7%). Toxocara cati (53.3%, p < 0.0001) and Cystoisospora spp. (15.6%, p < 0.001) were significantly more frequently diagnosed in cats with clinical signs. A lack of deworming in the last three months (OR: 15.9), outdoor access (OR: 13.8), the presence of digestive symptoms (OR: 5.4), and young age (OR: 4.2) were identified as risk factors for T. cati infection by logistic regression analysis. Regardless of age, gastrointestinal signs like vomiting, diarrhea, and inappetence were positively associated with T. cati.
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Mehedi, Badrul Huda, Azimun Nahar, AKM Anisur Rahman, and Md Amimul Ehsan. "Prevalence of Gastro-Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Efficacy of Antiparasitics Against These Infections in Dogs in Mymensingh Sadar." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 7, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v7i3.51360.
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Gastro-intestinal parasitic infections in dogs represent a major concern in developing countries including Bangladesh. Dogs are important definitive or reservoir hosts for several zoonotic parasites. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites in dogs from different areas of MymensinghSadar. The fecal samples were examined by simple sedimentation and stoll’s ova counting method for detection of eggs/cysts/oocysts of parasites. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 60.00% (51/85) and the mixed parasitic infection was 16.47% (14/85). A total of six species of gastro-intestinal parasites (ova/oocyst) were identified, of them four species were nematode namely,Toxocaracanis (24.7%), Acylostomacaninum (7.05%), Acylostomabraziliense (2.35%), Uncinariastenocephala (2.35%), one species was cestode, Taeniapisiformis (3.52%) and one species was protozoa, Isosporacanis (3.52%). The prevalence of infection was significantly (P<0.02) higher in puppies and young dogs than that in adult dogs. The efficacy of fendnedazole (Bol. Fenvet®), albendazole (Tab. Alben DS®), fenbendazole (Tab. Paraclear®) was 100% effective against single helminth infection. However, the efficacy of mebendazole (Syrup.Mebantrin®) was 25%-50% against mixed helminth infections. The efficacy of metronidazole (Syrup.Amodis®) was 100% against single protozoal infection. So, anthelmintic including albendazole, fenbendazole, mebendazole and metronidazole may be recommended to treat effectively the single infection of helminth and protozoa, respectively, in dogs. Special emphasis should be given to deworm puppies as they are more vulnerable to parasitic diseases. The T. canis, A. caninum, A. braziliense and U. stenocephala prevalent in dogs are zoonotic and have public health impact.
Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(3): 411-419, December 2020
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van Rossum, Arjan J., James R. Jefferies, Frans A. M. Rijsewijk, E. James LaCourse, Paul Teesdale-Spittle, John Barrett, Andrew Tait, and Peter M. Brophy. "Binding of Hematin by a New Class of Glutathione Transferase from the Blood-Feeding Parasitic Nematode Haemonchus contortus." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 5 (May 2004): 2780–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.5.2780-2790.2004.
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ABSTRACT The phase II detoxification system glutathione transferase (GST) is associated with the establishment of parasitic nematode infections within the gastrointestinal environment of the mammalian host. We report the functional analysis of a GST from an important worldwide parasitic nematode of small ruminants, Haemonchus contortus. This GST shows limited activity with a range of classical GST substrates but effectively binds hematin. The high-affinity binding site for hematin was not present in the GST showing the most identity, CE07055 from the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. This finding suggests that the high-affinity binding of hematin may represent a parasite adaptation to blood or tissue feeding from the host.
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Theodoropoulos, Georgios, Panayiota Peristeropoulou, Marc K. Kouam, Vaia Kantzoura, and Helen Theodoropoulou. "Survey of gastrointestinal parasitic infections of beef cattle in regions under Mediterranean weather in Greece." Parasitology International 59, no. 4 (December 2010): 556–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2010.07.004.
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