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Journal articles on the topic 'Gastropathie congestive'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Oberti, Frédéric. "Comment prévenir et traiter les hémorragies par varices gastriques, ou ectopiques ou par gastropathie congestive." Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique 28 (April 2004): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-8320(04)95241-4.

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2

Silvain, Christine. "Comment prévenir et traiter les hémorragies par varices gastriques ou ectopiques ou par gastropathie congestive." Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique 28 (April 2004): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-8320(04)95259-1.

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3

Leone, O., M. Zanelli, S. Piana, D. Santini, and D. Marrano. "Late stage congestive gastropathy." Journal of Clinical Pathology 50, no. 4 (1997): 350–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.50.4.350.

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4

USC, J. Korula. "CONGESTIVE GASTROPATHY IN CIRRHOSIS." Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 6, no. 6 (1991): 625–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.1991.tb00922.x.

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5

Bahnacy, A., P. Kupcsulik, Zs Elés, B. Jàray, and L. Flautner. "Helicobacter pylori Infection in Congestive Gastropathy." Helicobacter 1, no. 3 (1996): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-5378.1996.tb00033.x.

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6

De Cassan, Chiara, Giulia Girardin, Alberto Ponzoni, Giacomo Sturniolo, and Edoardo Savarino. "Arterial congestive gastropathy: a new entity?" Endoscopy 46, S 01 (2014): E397—E398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1377394.

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7

D'Amico, G., L. Montalbano, M. Traina, G. Gatto, L. Pasta, and L. Pagliaro. "Prognostic role of congestive gastropathy in cirrhosis." Journal of Hepatology 9 (January 1989): S22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-8278(89)90220-1.

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8

D'Amico, G., M. Traina, L. Montalbano, R. Pisa, M. Amuso, and L. Pagliaro. "Congestive gastropathy: Prevalence, incidence and morphologic features." Journal of Hepatology 9 (January 1989): S141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-8278(89)90457-1.

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9

D’amico, D. "Natural history of congestive gastropathy in cirrhosis." Acta Endoscopica 20, S1 (1990): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02966292.

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10

D'Amico, Gennaro, Luigi Montalbano, Mario Traina, et al. "Natural history of congestive gastropathy in cirrhosis." Gastroenterology 99, no. 6 (1990): 1558–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(90)90458-d.

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11

Abbasi, Aftab, Sana Naz, and Faisal Razi. "PORTAL GASTROPATHY." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 12 (2018): 1899–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/18.4397.

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Objectives: To study the characteristic histological features of Portal gastropathy and its correlation with Child-Pugh Score in liver cirrhosis patients. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration: Department of Anatomy and Gastroenterology Unit, Isra University Hospital from June to December 2012. Subjects and Methods: Gastric biopsies from 85 cases of liver cirrhosis with portal gastropathy were collected by non probabilityconvenient sampling. Olympus XQ 140 (version 3) was used for 2 mm thick tissue specimens by punch biopsy. Tissue pieces were preserved in 10% formalin. 3-5 μ thick tissue specimens were stained with H & E for microscopic examination. Results: Portal Gastropathy was noted in 91.7% of total study subjects. Gastric glands showed increase counts and increased size noted in 60.12% and 57.65% of cases respectively. Pyloric antrum revealed inflammatory cell infiltration of lamina propria. 95.2% inflammatory cells comprised of lymphocytes. Capillary congestion and edema was noted in 9.4% of cases. Spearman correlation showed positive correlation of Portal gastropathy and Child Pugh Class (CPC) score (R2=0.5244, p=0.0001).Conclusion: Portal Gastropathy was noted in 91.7%. Histological showed increase in size, length and count of gastric glands, capillary congestion and inflammatory cell infiltration. Spearman correlation showed positive correlation of Portal gastropathy and Child Pugh Class (CPC) score (R2=0.5244, p=0.0001).

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12

Corbishley, C. M., S. H. Saverymuttu, and J. D. Maxwell. "Use of endoscopic biopsy for diagnosing congestive gastropathy." Journal of Clinical Pathology 41, no. 11 (1988): 1187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.41.11.1187.

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13

Hosking, S. W. "Congestive gastropathy in portal hypertension: Variations in prevalence." Hepatology 10, no. 2 (1989): 257–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.1840100223.

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14

Blackstone, Michael O. "Congestive gastropathy in cirrhosis-how bad is red?" Hepatology 13, no. 5 (1991): 1000–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.1840130532.

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15

Eleftheriadis, E., K. Kotzampassi, E. Tzartinoglou, A. Alvanou, and H. Aletras. "Congestive Gastropathy and Antral Varices: Is there an Association?" Endoscopy 21, no. 05 (1989): 208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1012949.

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16

Guslandi, M., L. Foppa, M. Sorghi, A. Pellegrini, L. Fanti, and A. Tittobello. "Breakdown of mucosal defences in congestive gastropathy in cirrhotics." Liver 12, no. 5 (2008): 303–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0676.1992.tb00577.x.

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17

D'Amico, G., L. Montalbano, M. Traina, F. Politi, and L. Pagliaro. "Role of sclerotherapy as risk factor of congestive gastropathy." Journal of Hepatology 9 (January 1989): S141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-8278(89)90458-3.

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18

Schechter, Rosana Bihari, Eponina Maria Oliveira Lemme, and Henrique Sérgio Moraes Coelho. "Gastroesophageal reflux in cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices without endoscopic treatment." Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 44, no. 2 (2007): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-28032007000200012.

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BACKGROUND: Portal hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis causes manifestations such as esophageal varices, ascites and edema. Some studies have been conducted about the role of esophageal varices in the development of esophageal motor disorders and abnormal gastroesophageal reflux in these patients. Ascites could be a factor promoting gastroesophageal reflux and it has been questioned whether reflux would favor the rupture of varices. However there are a few studies using ambulatory esophageal pH recording in the evaluation of these patients. AIMS: Evaluate gastroesophageal reflux by pH recording in cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices and possible predictors. METHODS: Fifty one patients (28 men, 23 women, mean age of 54 years) with liver cirrhosis, diagnosed by clinical, laboratorial, image and histological findings were prospectively evaluated. All patients had esophageal varices confirmed by endoscopy and were submitted to a questionnaire about typical gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms (heartburn and or acid regurgitation). pH recording was performed with the probe placed 5 cm above the superior lower esophageal sphincter limit, as determined by manometry. Abnormal reflux (% total time with pH < 4 >4.5%) was related to the size of varices, congestive gastropathy, ascites, severity of cirrhosis and typical gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms. RESULTS: The caliber of the varices was considered to be small in 30 patients (59%), medium in 17 (33%) and large in 4 (8%), 21 (41%) congestive gastropathy. Ascites was observed in 17 (33%), 32 patients (63%) were classified as Child-Pugh A, 17 (33%) Child-Pugh B and 2 (4%) Child-Pugh C. Twenty seven patients (53%) presented with typical gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms. Abnormal reflux at pH recording was found in 19 patients (37%). One of them presented with erosive esophagitis at endoscopy. There was no relation between ascites, variceal size, congestive gastropathy and Child-Pugh score and abnormal reflux. There was a correlation between typical gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms and abnormal reflux. CONCLUSION: Abnormal gastroesophageal reflux was found in 37% of the patients with hepatic cirrhosis and esophageal varices. Only typical gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms predicted these findings.

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19

McCormick, P. A., E. A. Sankey, F. Cardin, A. P. Dhillon, N. McIntyre, and A. K. Burroughs. "Congestive gastropathy and Helicobacter pylori: an endoscopic and morphometric study." Gut 32, no. 4 (1991): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.32.4.351.

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20

McCormack, T. T., J. Sims, I. Eyre-Brook, et al. "Gastric lesions in portal hypertension: inflammatory gastritis or congestive gastropathy?" Gut 26, no. 11 (1985): 1226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.26.11.1226.

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21

Granai, F., H. L. Smart, and D. R. Triger. "The relation of congestive gastropathy to anaemia in portal hypertension." Journal of Hepatology 13 (January 1991): S127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-8278(91)91480-5.

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22

D'Amico, G., M. Traina, L. Montalbano, S. Madonia, and L. Pagliaro. "Chronic gastric mucosal bleeding in cirrhotic patients with congestive gastropathy." Journal of Hepatology 9 (January 1989): S22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-8278(89)90221-3.

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23

Hosking, Shorland W., Hugh J. Kennedy, Ian Seddon, and David R. Triger. "The role of propranolol in congestive gastropathy of portal hypertension." Hepatology 7, no. 3 (1987): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.1840070304.

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24

Bem, Ricardo Schmitt de, Fabiana Lígia Lora, Raquel Canzi Almada de Souza, Marcus Adriano Trippia, Heda M. B. Amarante, and Eliane R. Carmes. "Correlação das características do ecodoppler do sistema porta com presença de alterações endoscópicas secundárias à hipertensão porta em pacientes com cirrose hepática." Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 43, no. 3 (2006): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-28032006000300005.

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RACIONAL: A hipertensão portal é a causa principal das complicações da cirrose hepática, traduzidas clinicamente por circulação colateral visível na parede abdominal, ascite e varizes esofágicas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a capacidade do ecodoppler do sistema porta no diagnóstico de alterações esôfago-gástricas endoscópicas secundárias à hipertensão porta em pacientes com cirrose hepática. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Cento e oitenta e seis pacientes dos ambulatórios de gastroenterologia e hepatologia do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, foram selecionados para avaliação. Destes, 145 completaram todas as etapas e 133 puderam ser incluídos na análise final dos dados. Todos foram submetidos a endoscopia digestiva alta, visando determinar presença e grau de varizes esofágicas e gástricas e de gastropatia congestiva e ao ecodoppler do sistema porta para medir/aferir pico de velocidade sistólica da veia porta, diâmetro das veias porta e esplênica, tamanho do baço, presença de recanalização da veia umbilical e de fluxo hepatofugal. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes com varizes esofágicas e gástricas tiveram diferença significativa do tamanho do baço quando comparados com os pacientes sem essas alterações. No entanto, a exatidão e a especificidade deste parâmetro não foi adequada. O diagnóstico de gastropatia congestiva pode ser predito de maneira significativa, tanto pelo diâmetro da veia porta, quanto pelo da esplênica e também pelo tamanho do baço. Da mesma forma, todavia, a exatidão e especificidade destes parâmetros foram ruins. As medidas foram validadas pela construção de curvas ROC ("Receiver Operating Characteristic"), cujas áreas sob as curvas foram sempre menores que 0,8. CONCLUSÃO: Nesta série de pacientes não houve boa correlação dos parâmetros do ecodoppler do sistema porta com a presença das principais alterações endoscópicas (varizes esofágicas, varizes gástricas, gastropatia congestiva) em pacientes com cirrose hepática.

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25

Iwao, Tadashi, and Atsushi Toyonaga. "?Passive? gastric mucosal congestion in patients with gastropathy." Digestive Diseases and Sciences 38, no. 8 (1993): 1563–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01308624.

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26

Migoh, Shinichiro, Makoto Hashizume, Kouji Tsugawa, Kazuo Tanoue, and Keizo Sugimachi. "Role of endothelin‐1 in congestive gastropathy in portal hypertensive rats." Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 15, no. 2 (2000): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1746.2000.02061.x.

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27

Guslandi, Mario, Massimo Sorghi, Luciano Foppa, and Alberto Tittobello. "Congestive Gastropathy versus Chronic Gastritis: A Comparison of Some Pathophysiological Aspects." Digestion 54, no. 3 (1993): 160–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000201031.

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28

Kawano, Sunao, Hirohisa Tanimura, Shingo Tsuji, et al. "Impaired gastric mucosal energy metabolism in congestive gastropathy in cirrhotic patients." Journal of Gastroenterology 29, no. 3 (1994): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02358361.

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29

Dias, Heloisa Soares, Ana Lúcia Coutinho Domingues, Fernando Tarcísio Miranda Cordeiro, Norma Jucá, and Edmundo Pessoa Lopes. "Associating portal congestive gastropathy and hepatic fibrosis in hepatosplenic mansoni schistosomiasis." Acta Tropica 126, no. 3 (2013): 240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.02.011.

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30

ATIF, MOAZZAM ALI, and IRFAN AHMAD. "ESOPHAGEAL VARICES:." Professional Medical Journal 15, no. 04 (2008): 465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2008.15.04.2867.

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. Objectives To document the frequency of esophageal varices and their importance in a tertiary care hospital of SouthernPunjab. Design: Observational. Setting: Endoscopy unit of Sheikh Zayed Medical College/Hospital. Period: From Nov 2005 to May 2007.Materials & Methods The data of 500 patients who underwent upper GI endoscopy was analyzed. Demographic features, reasons for referraland endoscopic diagnoses were noted. Results: Among 500 patients, 57% were referred due to upper GI bleeding, 9% due to dysphagia, 8%due to persistent vomiting and 7% due to dyspeptic symptoms. Common endoscopic diagnoses were esophageal varices (44%). Conclusion:Major Endoscopic finding in our study was esophageal varices. Gastric or duodenal ulcers, congestive gastropathy, obstructive lesions ofesophagus and stomach were the next most common observations.

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31

Cristani, A. "Effect of alcohol abstinence on oesophageal varices and congestive gastropathy in patients with liver cirrhosis." Hepatology 19, no. 4 (1994): I54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0270-9139(94)90383-2.

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32

Calés, P., J. L. Payen, P. Pienkowski, et al. "Relation of congestive gastropathy of cirrhosis to hemoglobin level, hepatic function, and mucosal barrier weakness." Journal of Hepatology 9 (January 1989): S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-8278(89)90206-7.

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33

Blackstone, M. "Congestive gastropathy in cirrhosis—How bad is red? D'Amico G, Montalbano L, Traina M, Pisa R, Menozzi M, Spano C, Pagliaro L, et al. Natural history of congestive gastropathy in cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1990;99:1558–1564." Hepatology 13, no. 5 (1991): 999–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0270-9139(91)90276-2.

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34

Sharma, Yuba Raj, and Jay N. Shah. "Endoscopic findings of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a tertiary care hospital." Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences 2, no. 1 (2015): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v2i1.20336.

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Introduction: Acute upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding is a common emergency. Prompt endoscopic diagnosis has an important role in overall management of patients. This study analyses the endoscopic findings of UGI bleeding in a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: This was a cross sectional study of patients with haematemesis, melaena or both who had UGI endoscopy at Patan Hospital during Nov 2009 to Dec 2010. Patient demographics, site and nature of lesions and risk factors for bleeding were analyzed.Results: There were 301 patients, male 203 (67%) female 98 (33%), age 15 to 92 years. Esophageal lesions were seen in 136 (45%), gastric 102 (34%), duodenal 46 (15%) and unidentified in 17 (7%). The lesions detected were esophageal varices in 120 (40%), duodenal ulcer in 32 (11%), Mallory-Weiss tear in 26 (9%), gastric ulcer in 18 (6%), gastric carcinoma in 17 (6%) and congestive pan-gastropathy in 16 (5%). History of drugs intake like aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, warfarin and bisphosphonates was present in 32 (11%) patients.Conclusions: Endoscopy was diagnostic in majority (94% of 301) UGI bleeding patients. Esophageal variceal bleeding was the common cause followed by peptic ulcer.Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2015. page: 22-25

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35

Makdissi, Fábio Ferrari, Paulo Herman, Renata Potonyacz Colaneri, et al. "Evaluation of patients with schistosomal portal hypertension treated in a tertiary hospital." ABCD. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo) 22, no. 4 (2009): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-67202009000400006.

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BACKGROUND: Schistosomiasis is an important public health issue in more than 70 countries around the world. About 600 million people are at risk to acquire the parasite and there are 200 million infected worldwide. AIM: To evaluate the characteristics of schistosomal portal hypertension individuals who underwent previous esophageal varices bleeding treated in a tertiary hospital. METHODS: The records of 155 patients were evaluated and clinical, laboratorial, endoscopic, epidemiological features and hemorrhagic event severity were analyzed to individualize this population. RESULTS: Mean age was 37.2 years and no clinical signs of hepatic failure were observed. Serum laboratory tests to evaluate liver function were normal or slightly alter. Anemia was present in 70 %, leucopenia in 75 % and thrombocytopenia in 86 % of the patients. At endoscopic evaluation varices were classified as grade III and IV in 91.3 %; red spots were observed in 40.3 % and congestive gastropathy in 13.6 %. Patients presented a mean of 2.8 previous episodes of variceal hemorrhage and, in 75 % with hemodynamic instability. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with schistosomal portal hypertension and history of upper digestive bleeding from esophageal varices are young individuals, without either clinical or laboratorial evidence of liver dysfunction, that present high morbidity due to the severity of the acute event of bleeding.

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36

Jamal, Mohammad Shah, Md Anisur Rahman, Tareq M. Bhuiyan, et al. "Study on Gastrointestinal Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Anaemia Patients Attending at BIRDEM Hospital." Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons 33, no. 3 (2016): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v33i3.28053.

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Background: Anaemia is common among general population in developing Asian countries. Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the commonest type of anaemia. It is usually due to chronic gastrointestinal blood loss. The standard of care for these patients with IDA includes evaluation of the Gastrointestinal (GI) tract for bleeding lesions. Iron deficiency anemia is considered as an alarm sign for the presence of possible GI malignancies, and inadequate evaluation of patients with IDA may delay the diagnosis of GI tumors especially colorectal cancer.Objective: To identify the gastrointestinal lesions endoscopically in patients with iron deficiency anaemia. To determine the usefulness of endoscopic procedures (both upper and lower GI) in diagnosis of underlying cause of iron deficiency.Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate Iron deficiency anaemia in patients with or without GI symptoms during the period of July 2010 to December 2010 in the department of Gastroenterology, BIRDEM General Hospital. Sixty eight adult eligible patients with iron deficiency anaemia were taken as per inclusion criteria. All study subjects were underwent endoscopy and colonoscopic procedure after adequate preparation along with examination of their stool. Data were collected through faceto- face interview, observation and document review. Data were recorded and analyzed.Results: Majority of patients were 55 to 64 years age group (33.8%). Mean age ± SD of this study subject was 54.00 ±11.792 with maximum and minimum age 86 and 27 years respectively. More than half of the patients were female (51.5%) and rests were male 33 (48.5%). Among the study subjects, 70.58% patients had GI symptoms, 29.42% had non-GI symptoms. On stool examination, 17.64% patients had ova/cyst of helminthes; 82.36% were normal. Stool OBT revealed 11.8% positive and 88.2% negative. On upper GI endoscopy 32.4% had normal findings, 67.6% had some lesions. Majority of these lesions were ulcers and erosions (30.9%), malignancy (ca stomach) was 4.41%; others (which includes congestive gastropathy, reflux oesophagitis, vascular ectasias and helminthiasis) were 32.4%. On colonoscopy, 30.88% patients had normal colon; 69.12% had lesions. Among the lesions, most common lesion was hemorrhoids (36.76%); ca colon was 5.88% and others (includes ulcers, polyps, vascular ectasias and helminthes) were 26.47%. Patients with normal upper GI endoscopy- 50% had GI symptoms and 50% had non-GI symptoms whereas patients having lesions on upper GI endoscopy 80.4% had GI symptoms and 19.6% had non-GI symptoms. This difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Patients with normal colonoscopy- 42.9% had GI symptoms and 57.1% had non-GI symptoms. On the other hand, patients having lesions on colonoscopy 70.6% had GI symptoms and 29.4% had non-GI symptoms. This was also statistically significant.Conclusion: Majority of the study population had lesions on endoscopy (both upper GI endoscopy and colonoscopy) including malignant lesions. Study showed that lesions are more common in patients with GI symptoms than those without GI symptoms (non-GI symptoms). Therefore, Routine endoscopic (both upper and lower GI) procedures is valuable in evaluating patients with iron deficiency anaemia- for diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes. Effective treatment of patients with IDA is predicated on the identification of a specific lesion.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(3): 126-132

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37

"Congestive gastropathy in cirrhosis." Journal of Hepatology 7 (January 1988): S117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(88)80289-7.

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38

Minaev, Sergey, Nadezhda Romaneeva, Natalya Getman, and Fedor Doronin. "Congestive portal gastropathy in children." Medical news of the North Caucasus 12, no. 2 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.14300/mnnc.2017.12062.

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39

"Does the congestive gastropathy influence Helicobacter pylori infection?" Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 53, no. 5 (2001): AB220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(01)80584-8.

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40

Pécsi, G., T. Kárász, M. Csöndes, A. Szabó, and I. Rácz. "Treatment of portal hypertension related congestive gastropathy bleeding in a gastrointestinal subintensive care unit." Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie 44, no. 05 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-943462.

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41

Gulve, Shantaram Dattatray, Mandar Doiphode, and Kalpesh Patil. "EVALUATION OF UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL LESIONS IN ANEMIA WITH AND WITHOUT GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS:-PROSPECTIVE STUDY." PARIPEX INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH, December 15, 2020, 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/paripex/3202128.

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Background: Anemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries at all ages. Iron deficiency is common cause of anemia. It is either poor intake or chronic gastrointestinal bleeding. Goal of this study is to identify the prevalence of upper GI lesions, identified by OGDscopy in patients in anemia with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods: In this prospective study we analysed data of 100 patients who underwent OGDscopy procedure in tertiary care centre. On OGDscopy study 33% had normal GIT and 67% had GI lesions majority were erosive gastritis, erosive oesophagitis gastric and duodehal ulcers, other lesions like congestive gastropathy reflux oesophagitis and malignant lesions like carcinora of stomach and carcinora of oesophagus. Conclusion: OGDscopy procedure is essential in evaluating lesions of upper gastrointestinal tract in anemia for diagnostic and therapeutic purpose.

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