Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gastropoda – Physiology

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Gastropoda – Physiology'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Gastropoda – Physiology.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Gastropoda – Physiology"

1

Ottaviani, Enzo, Anna Maria Bolognani Fantin, and Lorenzo Bolognani. "Muramic acid as a glycoconjugate component in Mollusca Gastropoda." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry 96, no. 4 (January 1990): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(90)90205-8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Abdalla, Abdel-Monem, Mohamed El-Mogy, Nevin M. Farid, and Mohamed El-Sharabasy. "Two glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes purified from Bulinus truncatus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 143, no. 1 (January 2006): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.10.007.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Adema, C. M., and E. S. Loker. "Biomphalaria glabrata (Gastropoda, Mollusca): Responses to immune challenges, a genomics perspective." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 154, no. 1 (September 2009): S1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.05.015.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Kurokawa, Makoto, and Uiko Kayaba. "28. Two types of Aplysia juliana (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia) from the Japanese seacoast." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 148, no. 3 (November 2007): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.07.066.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Dallinger, Reinhard, Monika Chabicovsky, Elisabeth Hödl, Caroline Prem, Peter Hunziker, and Claudia Manzl. "Copper in Helix pomatia (Gastropoda) is regulated by one single cell type: differently responsive metal pools in rhogocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 289, no. 4 (October 2005): R1185—R1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00052.2005.

Full text
Abstract:
Like all other animal species, terrestrial pulmonate snails require Cu as an essential trace element. On the other hand, elevated amounts of Cu can exert toxic effects on snails. The homeostatic regulation of Cu must therefore be a pivotal goal of terrestrial pulmonates to survive. Upon administration of Cu, snails accumulate the metal nearly equally in most of their organs. Quantitative studies in connection with HPLC and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry reveal that a certain fraction of Cu in snails is bound to a Cu-metallothionein (Cu-MT) isoform that occurs in most organs at constant concentrations, irrespective of whether the animals had been exposed to physiological or elevated amounts of Cu. In situ hybridization demonstrates that at the cellular level, the Cu-binding MT isoform is exclusively expressed in the so-called pore cells (or rhogocytes), which can be found in all major snail organs. The number of pore cells with Cu-MT mRNA reaction products remains unaffected by Cu exposure. Rhogocytes also are major storage sites of Cu in a granular form, the metal quickly entering the snail tissues upon elevated exposure. The number of rhogocytes with granular Cu precipitations strongly increases upon Cu administration via food. Thus, whereas Cu-MT in the rhogocytes represents a stable pool of Cu that apparently serves physiological tasks, the granular Cu precipitations form a second, quickly inducible, and more easily available pool of the metal that serves Cu regulation by responding to superphysiological metal exposure.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Tunholi-Alves, Vinícius Menezes, Victor Menezes Tunholi, Ludimila Santos Amaral, Juberlan da Silva Garcia, Mariana Gomes Lima, Renato Augusto DaMatta, and Jairo Pinheiro. "Alterations in the Mitochondrial Physiology of Biomphalaria glabrata (Mollusca: Gastropoda) After Experimental Infection by Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda: Metastrongylidae)." Acta Parasitologica 64, no. 4 (March 18, 2019): 693–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11686-019-00039-7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Russo, Jacqueline, and Luc Madec. "Dual Strategy for Immune Defense in the Land SnailCornu aspersum(Gastropoda, Pulmonata)." Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 84, no. 2 (March 2011): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/659123.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

SMITH, DAVID A. "Radular Kinetics During Grazing in Helisoma Trivolvis (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)." Journal of Experimental Biology 136, no. 1 (May 1, 1988): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.136.1.89.

Full text
Abstract:
Three models for radular feeding in gastropod molluscs have been proposed: (1) odontophoral licking, where the radula is fixed to, and is directed by, a dynamic cartilage; (2) rope-and-pulley rasping, where the radula is dynamic and slides over a static cartilage; and (3) moving-conveyor-belt rasping, which involves independent though concurrent movements both of the radula and of the underlying cartilage. The implications of these alternative mechanical processes with regard to machine efficiency and to feeding optimality are considered. During radular feeding, individual Helisoma trivolvis (Say) employ the model which affords optimality both of food excavation and of food transport. Results showedthat the radula of this species slides over the underlying cartilage while the cartilage independently accelerates across the substrate during each effective feeding stroke. Relative velocities (of the ribbon and of the odontophoral cartilage, VR: VO) ranged from 0.67:1 to 0.92:1 and these values were positively correlated with food availability.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Carvajal, Nelson, Ruby González, and Eduardo Kessi. "Aspartate activation of pyruvate kinase from the kidney of Concholepas concholepas (gastropoda: muricidae)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry 95, no. 1 (January 1990): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(90)90252-o.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Leibel, Wayne S., Simone A. Oppenheimer, and Bernard Fried. "Esterases in natural populations of normal and Echinostoma revolutum-infected Helisoma trivolvis (gastropoda)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry 94, no. 4 (January 1989): 753–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(89)90160-0.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gastropoda – Physiology"

1

Dixon, Mark Geoffrey. "The effect of temperature and photoperiod on the digestive physiology of the South African abalone Haliotis midae." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005120.

Full text
Abstract:
Inadequate information of the nutritive physiology and the dietary requirements of abalone are the principle factors that currently limit the development of a formulated feed for the commercial culture of Haliotis midae. The need to develop a method to determine apparent digestibility co-efficient's for abalone in order to facilitate further applied nutritional research was identified. Animals between 50 and 80 mm were collected from natural stocks along the east Cape coast of South Africa at Port Alfred and Great Fish point, and acclimated to laboratory conditions. Initial trials demonstrated that H. midae accepted and preferred a semi-purified diet to the seaweed Plocamium corallorhiza, one of the main components of it's natural diet. A technique of determining apparent digestibility co-efficient's (ADC) using the indirect method with chromic oxide as an inert marker was developed. Digestibility trials yielded higher dry matter (DMADC) and crude protein apparent digestibility co-efficient's (CPADC) for the semi-purified diet than for two species of algae, Gelidium amanzii and P. corallorhiza (83.7% and 95.6%, 70.7% and 80.0%, and 29.9% and 57.3% respectively). The ability of the animals to utilize terrestrial animal and plant ingredients efficiently makes it feasible to use conventional feed ingredients in formulated feeds for H. midae. Trials to determine the effect of different temperatures (15°C, 18°C and 22°C) on DMADC and CPADC of the semipurified diet showed that peak digestibility occurred at 18°C. There was also a positive relationship between temperature and consumption rate. Although no enzyme studies with H. midae have been conducted, the peak ADC's at 18°C is attributed to an increase in enzyme activity at this temperature. Transit time, an inverse function of temperature and consumption, is considered to be responsible for the decrease in the ADC' s at 22°C in conjunction with a possible decrease in enzyme activity at this temperature. A photoperiod trial to investigate the effect of darkness on DMADC and CPADC of the semi-purified diet revealed that digestive efficiency decreased with increasing hours of darkness. There was also a positive relationship between duration of darkness and the rate of consumption. The decrease in ADC's is attributed to decreased transit times as the duration of darkness increased . The contribution of this project to the understanding of abalone nutrition, the development of a formulated abalone feed and systems design for abalone farms is discussed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Salley, Sam. "Development of the statocyst of the queen conch larva, Strombus gigas L. (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia)." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66034.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Wood, A. D. (Aidan David). "Aspects of the biology and ecology of the South African abalone Haliotis midae Linnaeus, 1758 (Mollusca Gastropoda) along the eastern Cape and Ciskei coast." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005063.

Full text
Abstract:
The South African abalone Haliotis midae Linnaeus, 1758, is an important commercial, recreational and aquaculture mollusc species. It is the largest of the six haliotid species found in South African waters and has the second largest distributional range aside from Haliotis spadicea which is widely exploited by rock and surf anglers as bait. Analysis of population structure at Great Fish Point revealed that H. midae exhibited a high degree of microhabitat specificity, and that while dietary habits played a role in habitat selection, it was ultimately the activities of predators which confined size classes to particular niches and restricted all animals to nocturnal activities. Large (> 100 mm SL) exposed animals relied on shell thickness and adhesion to combat predators, while small (> 45 mm SL) sub-boulder animals and medium sized (50 - 95 mm SL) animals relied on their cryptic microhabitats and the protective spine canopies of co-resident urchins (Parechinus angulosus) for daytime protection. Populations of H. midae were discontinuously distributed along the coast, occupying small isolated reefs which offered a suitable array of microhabitats and a good food supply. They mostly inhabited shallow intertidal and subtidal reefs, but were occasionally encountered on deeper subtidal reefs at 4 - 5 meters. Mean length- and width-at-age were determined from growth rings composed of alternate conchiolin (dark) and aragonite (white) bands in the internal nacreous shell layer. Growth was described by the Special Von Bertalanffy growth equation: Lt(mm) = 176.998918 (1 - e⁻°·²⁴²⁴¹⁹⁽t ⁺ °·⁴⁹⁵⁴⁹⁴⁾) Wt(mm) = 159.705689 (1 - e⁻°·¹⁹⁵⁴³⁹⁽t ⁺ °·²¹¹⁶⁾) The ageing technique used was validated for animals from Great Fish Point and Mgwalana using independent tag-return data. The same data provided evidence that growth rates varied between animals from Great Fish Point and Bird Island. The growth data also showed that H. midae exhibited a high degree of individual variation in growth rate. Males and females exhibited similar growth rates. Exposed large animals showed a preference for red seaweeds, in particular Plocamium corallorhiza and Hypnea spicifera, while small sub-boulder cryptic animals included larger proportions of brown (Ralfsia expansa) and green (VIva spp.) algae in their diets. Exposed individuals also exhibited a higher degree of selectivity towards prey items, but in general, stomach contents reflected the most abundant seaweed types. Both drift and attached algal species were utilized by H. midae which was a nocturnal feeder. Pigments from red algae were incorporated into the shell layers giving the shells a pink or brick red colour. Haliotis midae is a dioecious broadcast spawner. Gonad Bulk Indices in combination with detailed histological examination of gonads showed that individuals were iteroparous, asynchronous spawners and that the breeding season extended from March through to October, although the peak spawning activity was between April and June. Males and females can spawn partially, totally or not at all, with atresia of residual gametes occurring after spawning. There is no resting stage, and gametogenesis is initiated directly after spawning. The structure of the ovary and testis and the process of gametogenesis is typical of haliotid species. AI: 1 sex ratio was observed from all populations studied. Sexual maturity was first attained in the 40 - 59 mm SL size class, although evidence for the smallest size at first spawning was recorded at 54.6 mm SL for females and 69 mm SL for males. Sizes at 50% sexual maturity were 72.5 mm SL (52.8 mm SW) at Great Fish Point, 72.5 mm SL (57.4 mm SW) at Mgwalana, 73.7 mm SL (51.2 mm SW) at Cape Recife, and 73.5 mm SL (53.8 mm SW) at Kelly's Beach. Haliotis midae was typically highly fecund, although a high degree of variation resulting in poor relationships between fecundity/shell length and gonad weight/shell length. The relationship between fecundity and gonad weight was linear. In the Eastern Cape, H. midae possessed a faster growth rate, smaller size at sexual maturity, smaller maximum size and lower longevity when compared to con specifics in Western Cape waters. A smaller minimum legal size of 93 mm SW is proposed for Eastern Cape animals and it is suggested that the closed season be moved to the peak spawning period between April and June. The benefit of a closed season during the spawning period is questioned, and the feasibility of closed areas as a management option for H. midae in the Eastern Cape is discussed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Matumba, Tshifhiwa Given. "Genetics and thermal biology of littorinid snails of the genera Afrolittorina, Echinolittorina and Littoraria (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) from temperate, subtropical and tropical regions." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001953.

Full text
Abstract:
With the anticipated effects of climate change due to global warming, there is concern over how animals, especially ectotherms, will respond to or tolerate extreme and fluctuating environmental temperature stress. Littorinid snails are intertidal ectotherms that live high on the shore where they experience both extreme and variable conditions of temperature and desiccation stress, and are believed to live close to their tolerance limits. This study investigated the thermal biology of littorinid snails of the genera Afrolittorina, Echinolittorina and Littoraria from temperate, subtropical and tropical regions in South Africa and Brunei Darussalam using thermal tolerance, heart function, and proteome approaches. The effects of conditions, such as rate of change in temperature, acclimation, heat shock, season and starvation were also tested. In addition, the evolutionary relationships and genetic diversity between and within the South African Afrolittorina spp. were investigated using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Genetic results confirmed that these are two distinct species, with the brown to black A. knysnaensis predominant in the cool-temperate region of South Africa and the pale blue-grey A. africana in the subtropical region. There was low genetic variation and differentiation within each species, suggesting high gene flow among populations as a result of the effects of ocean currents on the dispersal of their planktotrophic larvae. Tests using exposure to high temperatures revealed differences in the thermal tolerances, heart performance and protein profiles of species from different latitudes, regions and zones on the shore. Thermal tolerance conformed to expectations, with clear, statistically significant trends from high tolerance in subtropical species to lower tolerance in temperate species. However, for Afrolittorina spp., there were no significant differences in the thermal tolerances of conspecifics from different regions, though there was a significant difference in thermal tolerance between juveniles and adults. Overall, adults of all species showed higher thermal tolerances than juveniles. Although lethal temperatures for these species were higher in summer than winter, laboratory acclimation had no effect on heat coma temperatures. All species showed some regulation of heart rate, with a degree of independence of heart rate from temperature across mid-range temperatures. The tropical species showed quick induction and good regulation of heart rate followed by the subtropical and temperate species, which displayed mixed responses including regulation, partial regulation and lack of regulation. Overall, tropical Echinolittorina spp. showed good regulation, while the subtropical E. natalensis and Littoraria glabrata exhibited a mixture of partial regulation and regulation. The subtropical/temperate Afrolittorina spp. showed high individual variability, some animals exhibiting regulation, while others did not. These effects seem to be largely phylogenetically determined as there were no differences in the heart rate responses of Afrolittorina spp. from different regions. The temperatures at which heart rate became independent of temperature (thermoneutral zone) were within the range experienced under natural conditions. In addition, there were differences in Arrhenius breakpoint and endpoint temperatures, showing a trend from higher in tropical animals to lower for temperate animals. Conditions such as acclimation, heat shock and starvation had little or no effect on heart performance. However, a slow increase in temperature induced good regulation of heart rate with noticeable shifts of breakpoints and endpoints for Afrolittorina spp. Lastly, there were differences in the proteome responses between and within Afrolittorina spp. as a function of species, size and treatment. Although both large and small A. knysnaensis had a greater number of protein spots in their proteome than A. africana (though the difference was not significant), the later showed significantly higher differential expression of certain proteins following heat stress. In addition, juveniles of both species displayed greater numbers of protein spots in their proteome than adults. The results indicate a difference in the physiological and biochemical responses (i.e. adaptations) of these snails to temperature, and this seems to relate to differences in biogeography, phylogeny, species identity and ecology. The ability to regulate heart rate is phylogenetically determined, while thresholds and lethal limits correspond to biogeography and species ecology. The proteome seems to correspond to species ecology. The results also indicate that these littorinids can tolerate high temperature stress and in this respect they are well suited to life in the intertidal zones or habitats where temperature and other stresses or conditions are extreme and can change abruptly. However, the limited ability of these snails to acclimate to different temperatures suggests that they are already living close to their tolerance limits with small safety margins or narrow thermal windows and so may be vulnerable to small rises in substratum temperature and/or solar radiation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Nelson, Ian D. "The physiology and pharmacology of muscles from the proboscis of two species of whelk : Buccinum undatum and Busycon caniculatum." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358158.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

English, Tamara Erica Carleton University Dissertation Biology. "Differential gene expression in response to freezing and anoxia in the intertidal marine gastropod, littorina littorea." Ottawa, 2000.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Villeneuve, Andrew R. "Patterns and mechanisms of intraspecific trait variation across thermal gradients in a marine gastropod." 2021. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/1027.

Full text
Abstract:
As the earth’s climate changes due to anthropogenic emissions, it has increasingly become an imperative within the ecological community to understand existing species adaptations to climate change. Much focus has been paid to how a species might react to climate change, but the role of locally adapted traits and responsible environmental mechanisms have received less attention. Quantifying how sublethal (e.g. growth rates) and lethal (e.g. thermal tolerance) trait performance vary between populations can thus improve our understanding of how populations, and the entire species, will react to climate change. Here, I quantified the spatial patterns of performance of several traits in populations of the predatory marine snail Urosalpinx cinerea from across two thermal gradients on the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of North America. In chapter 2, I quantified local adaptation and plasticity of thermal tolerance, warming tolerance, and developmental traits of Urosalpinx. I found that while low latitude populations have evolved higher thermal tolerance than their low latitude counterparts, they also demonstrate negative plasticity in response to higher acclimation temperatures. This is likely a result of low latitude population adaptation to cooler developmental conditions. Further, low latitude populations live in environments much closer to their thermal maxima than high latitude counterparts, resulting in higher climate sensitivity in low latitudes. In chapter 3, I quantified growth and consumption rates of Urosalpinx via a common garden experiment. I found evidence for a novel pattern of trait adaptation, wherein high latitude populations tended to have higher trait performance at higher thermal optima than low latitude counterparts. This can be attributed to the maximizing of growth rate during short growing seasons at high latitudes. Together, these results demonstrate that local adaptation in endemic across two traits in Urosalpinx. I demonstrate that these traits tend to be adapted to aspects of the environment directly related to aspects of Urosalpinx phenology, and not to environmental means as is commonly assumed. These insights suggest that models of organismal performance under climate change must consider not only the potential for local adaptation in populations, but also the aspects of the environment to which these populations are evolved.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Books on the topic "Gastropoda – Physiology"

1

Bailey, Elisabeth Tova. The sound of a wild snail eating. Chapel Hill, N.C: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 2010.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

The sound of a wild snail eating. Thorndike, Me: Center Point Pub., 2011.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Leslie, Samuel B. Desiccation tolerance and resistance of Nucella emarginata and Nucella lamellosa in relation to their intertidal distribution. 1989.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

The Sound of a Wild Snail Eating. Algonquin Books, 2016.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Bailey, Elisabeth Tova. Sound of a Wild Snail Eating. Text Publishing Company, 2011.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

The Sound of a Wild Snail Eating. Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 2010.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "Gastropoda – Physiology"

1

Baur, Bruno, and Anette Baur. "Reproductive Strategies in Stylommatophoran Gastropods." In Physiology of Molluscs, 311–77. New Jersey : Apple Academic Press, Inc., 2016-: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315207117-9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Coutellec, Marie-Agnès, and Thierry Caquet. "Gastropod Ecophysiological Response to Stress." In Physiology of Molluscs, 303–96. New Jersey : Apple Academic Press, Inc., 2016-: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315207124-9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Olivera, Baldomero M., Alexander Fedosov, Julita S. Imperial, and Yuri Kantor. "Physiology of Envenomation by Conoidean Gastropods." In Physiology of Molluscs, 153–88. New Jersey : Apple Academic Press, Inc., 2016-: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315207124-5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Mukai, Spencer T., and Fumihiro Morishita. "Physiological Functions of Gastropod Peptides and Neurotransmitters." In Physiology of Molluscs, 379–476. New Jersey : Apple Academic Press, Inc., 2016-: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315207117-10.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Prior, David J. "Neuronal Control of Osmoregulatory Responses in Gastropods." In Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology, 1–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74510-2_1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Clelland, Eric S., and Nicole B. Webster. "Drilling into Hard Substrate by Naticid and Muricid Gastropods: A Chemo-Mechanical Process Involved in Feeding." In Physiology of Molluscs, 77–112. New Jersey : Apple Academic Press, Inc., 2016-: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315207124-3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Pechenik, Jan A. "Life Cycles." In Evolutionary Ecology. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195131543.003.0016.

Full text
Abstract:
I have a Hardin cartoon on my office door. It shows a series of animals thinking about the meaning of life. In sequence, we see a lobe-finned fish, a salamander, a lizard, and a monkey, all thinking, “Eat, survive, reproduce; eat, survive, reproduce.” Then comes man: “What's it all about?” he wonders. Organisms live to reproduce. The ultimate selective pressure on any organism is to survive long enough and well enough to pass genetic material to a next generation that will also be successful in reproducing. In this sense, then, every morphological, physiological, biochemical, or behavioral adaptation contributes to reproductive success, making the field of life cycle evolution a very broad one indeed. Key components include mode of sexuality, age and size at first reproduction (Roff, this volume), number of reproductive episodes in a lifetime, offspring size (Messina and Fox, this volume), fecundity, the extent to which parents protect their offspring and how that protection is achieved, source of nutrition during development, survival to maturity, the consequences of shifts in any of these components, and the underlying mechanisms responsible for such shifts. Many of these issues are dealt with in other chapters. Here I focus exclusively on animals, and on a particularly widespread sort of life cycle that includes at least two ecologically distinct free-living stages. Such “complex life cycles” (Istock 1967) are especially common among amphibians and fishes (Hall and Wake 1999), and within most invertebrate groups, including insects (Gilbert and Frieden 1981), crustaceans, bivalves, gastropods, polychaete worms, echinoderms, bryozoans, and corals and other cnidarians (Thorson 1950). In such life cycles, the juvenile or adult stage is reached by metamorphosing from a preceding, free-living larval stage. In many species, metamorphosis involves a veritable revolution in morphology, ecology, behavior, and physiology, sometimes taking place in as little as a few minutes or a few hours. In addition to the issues already mentioned, key components of such complex life cycles include the timing of metamorphosis (i.e., when it occurs), the size at which larvae metamorphose, and the consequences of metamorphosing at particular times or at particular sizes. The potential advantages of including larval stages in the life history have been much discussed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Gastropoda – Physiology' for particular source types:
Journal articles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography