Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'GATE Monte Carlo simulations'
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Maigne, Lydia. "Personnalized dosimetry using GATE Monte Carlo simulations on a grid architecture." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CLF21607.
Full textBurg, Samuel. "Segmentation 3D d'images scintigraphiques et simulations très réalistes GATE." Poitiers, 2011. http://nuxeo.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b5bc3be2-14be-4526-9e11-61619c11caaf.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to propose a new 3D segmentation method for scintigraphic imaging. The first part of the work was to simulate 3D volumes with known ground truth in order to validate a segmentation method over other. MonteCarlo simulations were performed using the GATE software (Geant4 Application for Emission Tomography). For this, we characterized and modeled the gamma camera "Imager" Biospace™ by comparing each measurement from a simulated acquisition to his real equivalent. The "low level" segmentation tool that we have developed is based on a modeling of the levels of the image by probabilistic mixtures. Parameters estimation is done by an SEM algorithm (Stochastic Expectation Maximization). The 3D volume segmentation is achieved by an ICM algorithm (Iterative Conditional Mode). We compared the segmentation based on Gaussian and Poisson mixtures to segmentation by thresholding on the simulated volumes. This showed the relevance of the segmentations obtained using probabilistic mixtures, especially those obtained with Poisson mixtures. Those one has been used to segment real 18FDG PET images of the brain and to compute descriptive statistics of the different tissues. In order to obtain a "high level" segmentation method and find anatomical structures (necrotic part or active part of a tumor, for example), we proposed a process based on the point processes formalism. A feasibility study has yielded very encouraging results
Perrot, Yann. "Evaluation de la dose déposée par des faisceaux d'électrons en radiothérapie dans des fantômes voxelisés en utilisant la plateforme de simulation Monte Carlo GATE fondée sur GEANT4 dans un environnement de grille." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721940.
Full textZahra, Nabil. "Mesure de la dose physique par lms radiochromiques et simulation Monte Carlo pour l'hadronthérapie." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10088/document.
Full textBecause of the increase in dose at the end of the range of ions, dose delivery during patient treatment with hadrontherapy should be controlled with high precision. Monte Carlo codes are now considered mandatory for validation of clinical treatment planing and as a new tool for dosimetry of ion beams. In this work, we aimed to calculate the absorbed dose using Monte Carlo simulation Geant4/Gate. The ejffect on the dose calculation accuracy of dierent Geant4 parameters has been studied for mono-energetic carbon ion beams of 300 MeV/u in water. The parameters are : the production threshold of secandary particules and the maximum step limiter of the particle track. Tolerated criterion were choosen to meet the precision required in radiotherapy (2%, 2mm) and to obtain the best compromise on dose distribution and computational time.We propose here the values of parameters in order to satisfy the precision required. In the second part of this work, we will study the response of radiochromic lms MD-v2-55 for quality control in proton and carbon ion beams. We have particularly observed and studie the quenching effect of dosimetric lms for high LET (20 KeV/m) irradiations in homogeneous and heterogeneous medium. This eject is due to the high ionization density around the track of the particule. We have developped a method to predict the response of radiochromic lms taking into account the saturation effect. This model is called the RADIS model forRAdiochromic films. Dosimetry for Ions using Simulations". It is based on the response of lms under photon irradiations and the saturation of lms due to high linear energy deposit calculated by Monte Carlo. Four beams were used in this study and aimed to validate the model for hadrontherapy applications : carbon ions, protons and photons at different energies. Experiments were performed at Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Proton therpay center of Orsay (CPO), A. Lacassagne proton center (CAL) and Leon Berard cancer center (CLB). The model showed very good agreement between the measured and calculated optical density with an error less than 2%
Thiam, C. O. "Dosimétrie en radiothérapie et curiethérapie par simulation Monte-Carlo GATE sur grille informatique." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00196405.
Full textThiam, Cheik Oumar. "Dosimétrie en radiothérapie et curiethérapie par simulation Monte-Carlo GATE sur grille informatique." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21771.
Full textFreudenberg, Robert, Rudi Apolle, Martin Walther, Holger Hartmann, and Jörg Kotzerke. "Molecular imaging using the theranostic agent 197(m)Hg: phantom measurements and Monte Carlo simulations." Springer Open, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33332.
Full textZahra, Mohamad Nabil. "Mesure de la dose physique par lms radiochromiques et simulation Monte Carlo pour l'hadronthérapie." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00520876.
Full textMaigne, Lydia. "Dosimétrie personnalisée par simulation Monte Carlo GATE sur grille de calcul. Application à la curiethérapie oculaire." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011404.
Full textDes points kernels de dose d'électrons mono-énergétiques et poly-énergétiques ont été simulés en utilisant la plate-forme GATE et comparés à d'autres codes Monte Carlo. Trois versions des packages de librairies ont été utilisées pour les comparaisons (5.2, 6.2 et 7.0). Les résultats montrent que l'implémentation de la diffusion multiple est responsable des différences observées entre les codes. Les simulations de traitements de curiethérapie oculaire comparées avec d'autres Monte Carlo et des mesures montrent un bon accord. La transcription des unités Hounsfield, à partir des données scanner sur l'anatomie du patient, en paramètres tissulaires est l'autre étude présentée pour une utilisation prochaine de GATE sur des images voxélisées pour la dosimétrie personnalisée. Les infrastructures des projets DataGrid puis d'EGEE ont été utilisées pour déployer les simulations GATE afin de réduire leur temps de calcul dans le but de les utiliser en routine clinique.
La méthode utilisée pour paralléliser les simulations GATE est la division du générateur de nombres aléatoires (RNG) en séquences indépendantes. Des tests de temps de calcul réalisés sur des bancs tests de grille montrent qu'un gain significatif est obtenu. Les fonctionnalités pour diviser, lancer et contrôler les simulations GATE sur une infrastructure de grille ont été implémentées sur le portail web GENIUS. Un premier prototype de ce portail est accessible à partir d'un centre hospitalier pour l'utilisation de la précision des algorithmes Monte Carlo de manière transparente et sécurisée pour des traitements de cancer de l'œil.
Pham, Quang Trung. "Couplage et validation de l'extension GeantA-DNA dans la plateforme de simulation Monte Carlo GATE pour l'irradiation de molécules d'ADN dans un environnement de grille de calcul." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22456/document.
Full textThe Monte Carlo simulation methods are successfully being used in various areas of medical physics but also at different scales, for example, from the radiation therapy treatment planning systems to the prediction of the effects of radiation in cancer cells. The Monte Carlo simulation platform GATE based on the Geant4 toolkit offers features dedicated to simulations in medical physics (nuclear medicine and radiotherapy). For radiobiology applications, the Geant4-DNA physical models are implemented to track particles till very low energy (eV) and are adapted for estimation of micro-dosimetric quantities. In order to implement a multi-scale Monte Carlo platform, we first validated the physical models of Geant4-DNA, and integrated them into GATE. Finally, we validated this implementation in the context of radiation therapy and proton therapy. In order to validate the Geant4-DNA physical models, dose point kernels for monoenergetic electrons (10 keV to 100 keV) were simulated using the physical models of Geant4-DNA and were compared to those simulated with Geant4 Standard physical models and another Monte Carlo code EGSnrc. The range and the stopping powers of electrons (7.4 eV to 1 MeV) and protons (1 keV to 100 MeV) calculated with GATE/Geant4-DNA were then compared with literature. We proposed to simulate with the GATE platform the impact of clinical and preclinical beams on cellular DNA. We modeled a clinical proton beam of 193.1 MeV, 6 MeV clinical electron beam and a X-ray irradiator beam. The beams models were validated by comparing absorbed dose computed and measured in liquid water. Then, the beams were used to calculate the frequency of energy deposits in DNA represented by different geometries. First, the DNA molecule was represented by small cylinders : 2 nm x 2 nm ( 10 bp), 5 nm x 10 nm ( nucleosome) and 25 nm x 25 nm ( chromatin fiber). All these cylinders were placed randomly in a sphere of liquid water (500 nm radius). Then we reconstructed the DNA molecule in Geant4 by reading PDB (Protein Data Bank) files representing twelve base pairs of the DNA molecule and a dinucleosome (347 base pairs). Finally, we developed a tool to correlate the positions of direct energy deposit in liquid water with the coordinates of the base pairs of DNA to calculate the number of single and double strand breaks in DNA. All calculations in this work were perfomed on the European Grid Infrastructure; performance tests are available to estimate the utility of this type of architecture for Monte Carlo calculations
Bouzid, Dounia. "Simulation Monte Carlo GATE et dosimétrie en radiothérapie peropératoire pour le cancer du sein." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0065.
Full textExternal radiation therapy is an important part of breast conservative treatment. The conventional calendar is to deliver a total dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks. For certain categories of women, 5 to 6 weeks of radiotherapy, with long and frequent transport is sometimes difficult to achieve. Intra-operative radiotherapy (IORT) helps to prevent the risk of local recurrence in the tumor bed, and only requires a few days of hospitalization. This study focuses on the use of a miniaturized low energy X-ray source (50kV). After surgical resection of the tumor, an applicator is inserted into the tumor bed and the system delivers a single dose of 20 Gy on its surface. However, there is no custom prescription and this is questionable since an official text recommends optimizing the individual dose. In this context, a Monte Carlo calculation makes it possible to accurately assess the dose delivered to the patient by simulating the transport of particles. This thesis proposes to assess the absorbed dose criterion as accurately as possible from a realistic model of the X-ray source and individual dose calculations using Monte Carlo simulations taking into account the tissue heterogeneities of the breast. In vivo dosimetric measurements also confirm the results of simulations
Martineau, Antoine. "Optimisation d'un collimateur à ouverture codée avec la plate-forme de simulation Monte Carlo GATE." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077208.
Full textIn Nuclear Medicine, coded aperture imaging was developed as an alternative to parallel hole collimators in order to achieve high sensitivity and high spatial resolution. The main limitations consist of near-field artifacts and aperture collimation effect for 2D imaging, and on a poor longitudinal spatial resolution for 3D imaging. We developed during this thesis, a ML-EM (Maximum Likelihood - Expectation Maximization) reconstruction algorithm with a Monte Carlo-based system matrix, including the geometry of the coded mask and all the physical effects involved in coded aperture imaging. We validated the construction of the coded mask in GATE simulation toolkit by comparison between experimental and simulation data sets. The coded mask is based on a Singer cyclic difference set and is mounted on a clinical gamma camera. We found a good agreement between measured and simulated energy spectra 4n non-scatter and in scatter conditions and between the experimental and simulated 3D point spread fonction. We calculated the probability coefficients of the System matrix using GATE simulations of the coded aperture. The reconstruction results of a simulated phantom study show that near-field artifacts are totally suppressed using the ML-EM algorithm in place of the standard correlation decoding method. The reconstruction results on a phantom and on a patient studies prove the feasibility of this reconstruction method for 3D scintigraphy thyroid
Elia, Alessio. "Characterization of the GATE Monte Carlo platform for non-isocentric treatments and patient specific treatment plan verification at MedAustron - Vienna - Austria." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI002/document.
Full textThe goal of this PhD is to develop and validate an independent dose calculation method in order to support the intense commissioning work of a Light Ion Beam Therapy (LIBT) facility, and to validate the Treatment Planning System (TPS) dose calculation. The work focuses on proton therapy treatments and is held as a collaboration between the CREATIS laboratory (Lyon, France) and the MedAustron - Vienna - Austria Ion Therapy Center (Wiener Neustadt, Austria). At MedAustron - Vienna - Austria, in order to exploit a sharp lateral penumbra for the proton beam as well as to improve the accuracy of the TPS dose calculation algorithms, the air gap between the treatment head window and the patient is reduced by moving the patient towards the treatment head. Therefore, non-isocentric treatments have to be accurately taken into consideration during modeling as well as validation phase as moving the target away from the room isocenter may lead to reduced treatment accuracy. In this study, the parametrization of the proton pencil beam follows the recommendations provided in Grevillot et al. (2011), but including a full nozzle description. Special care is taken to model the pencil beam properties in non-isocentric conditions, including the use of a Range Shifter (RaShi). The characterization of the pencil beam is based solely on fluence profiles measured in air and depth dose profile acquired in water. In addition, the presented model is calibrated in absolute dose based on a newly formalism in dose-area-product presented in Palmans and Vatnitsky (2016). Eventually, a detailed validation is performed in water, for three-dimensional regular-shaped dose distributions. Several parameters commonly exploited in proton dosimetry such as range, distal penumbra, modulation, field sizes and lateral penumbra for proton dosimetry are evaluated for validation purposes. The pencil beam optics model reached an accuracy within the clinical requirement of 1mm/10% and it is not affected by the complexity of non-isocentric treatments and the use of a RaShi. Ranges are reproduced within 0.2 and 0.35 mm (max deviation) without and with range shifter, respectively. The dose difference in reference conditions is within 0.5%. The 3D dose delivery validation in water was within 1.2% at maximum. The agreement of distal and longitudinal parameters is mostly better than 1 mm. The obtained results will be used as a reference for the future clinical implementation of the MedAustron - Vienna - Austria independent dose calculation system. As an example of the potential clinical outcome of the presented work, the patient specific quality assurance measurements performed in water have been successfully reproduced within the clinical requirement of 5% accuracy for a few patients
Vauclin, Sébastien. "Segmentation et étude par simulations Monte Carlo de l’apport de la synchronisation respiratoire en imagerie TEP ou 18F-FDG à visée de radiothérapie conformationnelle des tumeurs pulmonaires." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUES009.
Full textFor external radiotherapy treatment planning, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) using 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) thoracic functional imaging currently demonstrate a great interest in the definition of the tumoral target volume, especially in patients with "Non Small Cell Lung Cancers". To that end, it is essential to have efficient automatic segmentation method and to accuratly synchronize the acquisition of PET data to the patient breathing. For this purpose, 3 automatic and iterative thresholding methods (Methods №1, №2 and №3) inspired of literature approaches, but with significant algorithmic modifications were implemented and studied using data acquired on physical phantoms, as well as patients. The results were compared with those of a fixed threshold of 40% of the maximum intensity within the hyperfixation (I_MaxHyp), as well as the "manual" delineation of two experimented nuclear physicians. This work underlines that the Method №2 is the most accurate while being easy to implement in clinical routine. From the point of view of functionnal volume restitution on physical phantoms, measurement errors committed with this approach are in median equal to 0. 33 mL and 50% of them (i. E. The interquartile range) are respectively included between -0. 97 mL et 0. 76 mL. Then, the contribution of respiratory gating was studied. To that end, 18F-FDG phase respiratory-gated PET thoracic exams were simulated by Monte Carlo method using the GATE software, the SIEMENS Biograph Sensation 16 Hi-Rez PET scanner model and the 4D NCAT numerical thoracic voxelised phantom. The contribution of respiratory gating was emphasized and it was also shown that it seems preferable to reconstruct the acquired data with a number of temporal frames allowing to optimize obtained results according to the desired purpose. Indeed, a respiratory cycle sampling of 8, 5 and 3 frames seems respectively the best adapted for the measurement of real functionnal occupancy volumes covered by the lesions during breathing, towards the restitution of I_MaxHyp and for the visual detectability of tumors. These works should have a significant impact on the treatment planning in external radiotherapy
Costa, Gustavo. "IRDose : un outil web de dosimétrie individualisée basé sur la méthode Monte Carlo pour les patients en thérapie avec le 177Lu." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30027.
Full textNuclear medicine is a medical specialty that uses a radiopharmaceutical whose administration generally allows to visualize an organ function by detecting the gamma (γ) emissions of the targeted radioisotope. When the goal of this practice is molecular radiotherapy, isotopes emitting short-range radiation (α, β or electron Augers) are preferred. In general, treatments using 177Lu-DOTATATE still uses the historical practice of a fixed administration of 7.4 GBq per cycle, regardless the sex, age or inter-patient fixation variability. This causes a large fluctuation of the absorbed dose delivered to organs at risk and tumour targets, and therefore a great difficulty in predicting the treatment results. Recent studies suggest that treatment planning based on individual dosimetry is a way to optimize the treatment. The objective of this work is to contribute to the development of clinical dosimetry in molecular radiotherapy, in particular by developing a web tool based on the Monte Carlo method GATE dedicated to individualised internal dosimetry of patients treated with 177Lu. First of all, a study on the modelling of the SPECT systems by the Monte Carlo toolkit, GATE was realized, as well as the optimization of these simulations, where different methods were used in order to reduce simulation time. These techniques reduced simulation time by up to 85, and some of them were used in the comparison between simulated and experimental tomographic acquisitions. This comparison allowed the modelling of an experimental context which was used for the web tool validation. Finally, the web page was designed using the Django framework where a sequence of scripts in Python and Bash perform the calculation of the absorbed dose by GATE simulations. The absorbed doses obtained were compared with OLINDA versions 1 and 2, and the results show differences between 0.3% and 6.1%, depending on OLINDA's version
Hammes, Jochen [Verfasser]. "GATE-basierte Monte-Carlo-Simulation planarer Szintigraphie zur Schätzung nodaler Dosen bei der Radioiodtherapie autonomer Schilddrüsenadenome / Jochen Hammes." Köln : Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Medizin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1037405129/34.
Full textGrevillot, Loïc. "Monte Carlo simulation of active scanning proton therapy system with Gate/Geant4 : Towards a better patient dose quality assurance." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735746.
Full textNoblet, Caroline. "Calcul tridimensionnel de la dose absorbée par simulation Monte Carlo GATE pour la radiothérapie guidée par l'image dédiée au petit animal." Nantes, 2014. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=33b2f3ad-6626-4163-a046-7b76a14c590d.
Full textInnovating irradiators dedicated to small animal allow to mimic clinical treatments in image-guided radiation therapy. Clinical practice is scaled down to the small animal by reducing beam dimensions (from cm to mm) and energy (from MeV to keV). Millimeter medium energy beams (<300keV) are used to treat animals. This scaling induces higher constraints than in clinical practice especially for absorbed dose calculation in animals. Due to the beam dimensions and the medium energy range, clinical dose calculation methods are not easily applicable to the preclinical practice. Monte Carlo methods are needed. To this aim, a Monte Carlo model of the XRAD225Cx preclinical irradiator has been developed with the GATE (Geant4) framework. This model was validated by comparing simulation results against measurements and results obtained with a reference Monte Carlo code in external beam radiation therapy, EGSnrc. A specific issue has been highlighted: the significant dosimetric impact of tissue segmentation in the animal CT images. Indeed, at medium energy range, thresholding based on electronic density cannot accurately take into account the heterogeneities. Materials should be defined using both the tissue elemental composition and the mass density. An original segmentation method has been developed to obtain realistic dose distributions in small animals. Finally, our Monte Carlo platform has been successfully used for several radiobiological studies with mice and rats
Lazaro, Delphine. "Validation de la plate-forme de simulation GATE en Tomographie à Emission Monophotonique et application au développement d'un algorithme de reconstruction 3D complète." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF21440.
Full textMohamad, Hadi Abdul Fattah. "Simulation de l'imagerie à 3γ avec un télescope Compton au xénon liquide." Phd thesis, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00847425.
Full textAguiar, Matheus Araújo. "Um agente jogador de GO com busca em árvore Monte-Carlo aprimorada por memória esparsamente distribuída." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2013. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/12547.
Full textCom mais de 4000 anos de história, o jogo de Go é atualmente um dos mais populares jogos de tabuleiro e representa um grande desao para a Inteligência Articial. Apesar de suas regras simples, as técnicas que anteriormente obtiveram sucesso em outros jogos como xadrez e damas não conseguem lidar satisfatoriamente com os padrões e comportamentos complexos que emergem durante uma partida de Go. O presente trabalho implementa o SDM-Go, um agente jogador de Go competitivo que procura reduzir a utilização de supervisão no processo de busca pelo melhor movimento. O SDM-Go emprega o modelo de memória esparsamente distribuída como um recurso adicional à busca em árvore Monte- Carlo utilizada por muitos dos melhores agentes automáticos atuais. Baseado no jogador código-aberto Fuego o uso da memória esparsamente distribuída pelo SDM-Go tem como objetivo ser uma alternativa ao processo fortemente supervisionado utilizado por aquele agente. A busca em árvore Monte-Carlo executada pelo jogador Fuego utiliza um conjunto de heurísticas codicadas por prossionais humanos para guiar as simulações e também avaliar novos nós encontrados na árvore. De maneira distinta, o SDM-Go implementa uma abordagem não supervisionada e independente de domínio, onde o histórico dos valores dos estados de tabuleiros previamente visitados durante a busca são utilizados para avaliar novos estados de tabuleiro (nós da árvore de busca). Desta maneira, o SDM-Go reduz a supervisão do agente Fuego, substituindo as heurísticas deste pela memória esparsamente distribuída que funciona como repositório das informações do histórico de estados de tabuleiro visitados. Assim, as contribuições do SDM-Go consistem em: (1) a utilização de uma memória esparsamente distribuída para substituir a abordagem supervisionada do Fuego para avaliar previamente novos nós encontrados na árvore; (2) a implementação de uma representação de tabuleiro baseada em vetores de bits, para não comprometer o desempenho do sistema em função dos tabuleiros armazenados na memória; (3) a extensão da utilização dos resultados das simulações Monte-Carlo para atualizar os valores dos tabuleiros armazenados na memória. Diferentemente de muitos outros agentes atuais, o uso da memória esparsamente distribuída representa uma abordagem independente de domínio. Os resultados obtidos em torneios contra o conhecido agente código-aberto Fuego mostram que o SDM-Go consegue desempenhar com sucesso a tarefa de prover uma abordagem independente de domínio e não supervisionada para avaliar previamente novos nós encontrados na árvore de busca. Apesar do maior tempo de processamento requerido pela utilização da memória esparsamente distribuída, peça central para o desempenho do agente, o SDM-Go consegue manter um nível de jogo competitivo, principalmente no tabuleiro 9X9.
Mestre em Ciência da Computação
El, Bitar Zihad. "Optimisation et validation d'un algorithme de reconstruction 3D en tomographie d'émission monophotonique à l'aide de la plateforme de simulation GATE." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00717405.
Full textLazaro, Delphine. "Validation de la plate-forme de simulation GATE en Tomographie d'Emission Monophotonique et application au développement d'un algorithme de reconstruction 3D complète." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005443.
Full textEl, Bitar Z. "Optimisation et validation d'un algorithme de reconstruction 3D en tomographie d'émission monophotonique à l'aide de la plate forme de simulation GATE." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133711.
Full textNous avons optimisé et validé une méthode de reconstruction baptisée F3DMC (Fully 3D Monte Carlo) dans laquelle les effets physiques perturbant le processus de formation de l'image en tomographie d'émission monophotonique sont modélisés par des méthodes de Monte-Carlo et intégrés dans la matrice-système. Le logiciel de simulation de Monte-Carlo utilisé est GATE. Nous avons validé GATE en SPECT en modélisant la gamma-caméra (Philips AXIS) utilisé en routine clinique. Des techniques de seuillage, filtrage par analyse en composantes principales et de reconstruction ciblée (régions fonctionnelles, régions hybrides) ont été testées pour améliorer la précision de la matrice-système et réduire le nombre de photons ainsi que le temps de calcul nécessaires. Les infrastructures de la grille EGEE ont été utilisées pour déployer les simulations GATE afin de réduire leur temps de calcul. Les résultats obtenus avec F3DMC sont comparés avec les méthodes de reconstruction (FBP, ML-EM, ML-EMC) pour un fantôme simulé et avec la méthode OSEM-C pour un fantôme réel. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que la méthode F3DMC ainsi que ses variantes permettent d'améliorer la restauration des rapports d'activité et le rapport signal sur bruit. L'utilisation de la grille de calcul EGEE a permis d'obtenir un gain de l'ordre de 300 en temps de calcul. Dans la suite, ces résultats doivent être confirmés par des études sur des fantômes complexes et des patients et ouvrent la voie vers une méthode de reconstruction unifiée, pouvant être appliquée aussi bien en SPECT qu'en PET.
Bryskhe, Henrik. "Optimization of Monte Carlo simulations." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Information Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-121843.
Full textThis thesis considers several different techniques for optimizing Monte Carlo simulations. The Monte Carlo system used is Penelope but most of the techniques are applicable to other systems. The two mayor techniques are the usage of the graphics card to do geometry calculations, and raytracing. Using graphics card provides a very efficient way to do fast ray and triangle intersections. Raytracing provides an approximation of Monte Carlo simulation but is much faster to perform. A program was also written in order to have a platform for Monte Carlo simulations where the different techniques were implemented and tested. The program also provides an overview of the simulation setup, were the user can easily verify that everything has been setup correctly. The thesis also covers an attempt to rewrite Penelope from FORTAN to C. The new version is significantly faster and can be used on more systems. A distribution package was also added to the new Penelope version. Since Monte Carlo simulations are easily distributed, running this type of simulations on ten computers yields ten times the speedup. Combining the different techniques in the platform provides an easy to use and at the same time efficient way of performing Monte Carlo simulations.
Mercier, Fabien. "Cinq essais dans le domaine monétaire, bancaire et financier." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020065.
Full textThe thesis studies various themes that are central to modern finance : economic agents rationality and behavioural biases with respect to nominal values, the problem of asset fundamental valuation, the changing landscape of the European post-trade industry catalysed by the Eurosystem project Target 2 Securities, and models of defaults and methods to estimate defaults cycles for a given sector. Techniques employed vary: studies on individual data,econometrics, game theory, graph theory, Monte-Carlo simulations and hidden Markov chains. Concerning monetary illusion, results confirm those of previous study while emphasizing new areas for investigation concerning the interplay of individual characteristics, such as university education, and money illusion. The study of the Fed model shows that the long term relationship assumed between nominal government bond yield and dividend yield is neither robust, nor useful for reduced time horizons. The default model based on hidden Markov chains estimation gives satisfactory results in a European context, and this besides the relative scarcity of data used for its calibration
Brangian, Claudio. "Monte Carlo simulations of Potts glasses." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://ArchiMeD.uni-mainz.de/pub/2002/0115/diss.pdf.
Full textDesplat, Jean-Christophe. "Monte Carlo simulations of amphiphilic systems." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1996. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19557/.
Full textJaeckel, Alain. "Simulations Monte Carlo de chaînes confinées." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20206.
Full textRönnby, Karl. "Monte Carlo Simulations for Chemical Systems." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Matematiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-132811.
Full textAoun, Joe. "Validation de la simulation Monte-Carlo de la gamma-caméra petit animal Biospace sur la grille de calcul légère CiGri. Application à l'évaluation de l'algorithme de l'inversion analytique de la transformée de Radon atténuée." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00724964.
Full textWong, Hilda Evangeline. "Advanced Monte Carlo simulations and option pricing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq64991.pdf.
Full textVliet, Johannes Henricus van. "Monte Carlo simulations of confined polymer systems." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 1991. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/293041210.
Full textHanassab, Shabnam. "Monte Carlo simulations in non-Euclidean geometries." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408221.
Full textTully, Jonathan. "Monte Carlo simulations of hard QCD radiation." Thesis, Durham University, 2009. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/145/.
Full textAmir-Azizi, Siamak. "Linear filtering algorithms for Monte Carlo simulations." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280859.
Full textWebster, Stephen James. "Improved Monte Carlo simulations of massive quarks." Thesis, Durham University, 2019. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12954/.
Full textJoshi, Kriten J. (Kriten Jayant) 1971. "Monte-Carlo simulations of globular cluster dynamics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53041.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 156-163).
We present the results of theoretical calculations for the dynamical evolution of dense globular star clusters. Our new study was motivated in part by the wealth of new data made available from the latest optical, radio, and X-ray observations of globular clusters by various satellites and ground-based observatories, and in part by recent advances in computer hardware. New parallel supercomputers, combined with improved computational methods, now allow us to perform dynamical simulations of globular cluster evolution using a realistic number of stars (N - 10 - 106) and taking into account the full range of relevant stellar dynamical and stellar evolutionary processes. These processes include two-body gravitational scattering, strong interactions and physical collisions involving both single and binary stars, stellar evolution of single stars, and stellar evolution and interactions in close binary stars. We have developed a new numerical code for computing the dynamical evolution of a dense star cluster. Our code is based on a Monte Carlo technique for integrating numerically the Fokker-Planck equation. We have used this new code to study a number of important problems. In particular, we have studied the evolution of globular clusters in our Galaxy, including the effects of a mass spectrum, mass loss due to the tidal field of the Galaxy, and stellar evolution. Our results show that the direct mass loss from stellar evolution can significantly accelerate the total mass loss from a globular cluster, causing most clusters with low initial central concentrations to disrupt completely. Only clusters born with high central concentrations, or with relatively few massive stars, are likely to survive until the present and remain observable. Our study of mass segregation in clusters shows that it is possible to retain significant numbers of very-low-mass (m < 0.1M.) objects, such as brown dwarfs or planets, in the outer halos of globular clusters, even though they are quickly lost from the central, denser regions. This is contrary to the common belief that globular clusters are devoid of such low-mass objects. We have also performed, for the first time, dynamical simulations of clusters containing a realistic number of stars and a significant fraction of binaries. We find that the energy generated through binarybinary and binary-single-star interactions in the cluster core can support the system against gravothermal collapse on timescales exceeding the age of the Universe, explaining naturally the properties of the majority of observed globular clusters with resolved cores.
by Kriten J. Joshi.
Ph.D.
Denholm, David Richardson. "Monte Carlo simulations of random anisotropy magnets." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/394155/.
Full textCox, Isaiah. "Monte Carlo Simulations of Ultracold Neutron Velocities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/588.
Full textWang, Dong-Mei. "Monte Carlo simulations for complex option pricing." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/monte-carlo-simulations-for-complex-option-pricing(a908ec86-2fb2-4d5d-83e5-9bff78033edd).html.
Full textWand, Charlie Ray. "Monte Carlo simulations of confined nematic systems." Thesis, University of York, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4897/.
Full textBrown, M. "Monte Carlo simulations of cold atom ratchets." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444166/.
Full textDubreus, Terrance Maurice. "Monte Carlo simulations for small-world stochastic processes." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2005. http://library.msstate.edu/content/templates/?a=72.
Full textEichinger, David Albert. "Non-Lattice Monte Carlo Simulations of Polymer Motion." W&M ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625515.
Full textMalone, Fionn Dara. "Quantum Monte Carlo simulations of warm dense matter." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/53379.
Full textLi, Lulu Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Acceleration methods for Monte Carlo particle transport simulations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112521.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 166-175).
Performing nuclear reactor core physics analysis is a crucial step in the process of both designing and understanding nuclear power reactors. Advancements in the nuclear industry demand more accurate and detailed results from reactor analysis. Monte Carlo (MC) eigenvalue neutron transport methods are uniquely qualified to provide these results, due to their accurate treatment of space, angle, and energy dependencies of neutron distributions. Monte Carlo eigenvalue simulations are, however, challenging, because they must resolve the fission source distribution and accumulate sufficient tally statistics, resulting in prohibitive run times. This thesis proposes the Low Order Operator (LOO) acceleration method to reduce the run time challenge, and provides analyses to support its use for full-scale reactor simulations. LOO is implemented in the continuous energy Monte Carlo code, OpenMC, and tested in 2D PWR benchmarks. The Low Order Operator (LOO) acceleration method is a deterministic transport method based on the Method of Characteristics. Similar to Coarse Mesh Finite Difference (CMFD), the other acceleration method evaluated in this thesis, LOO parameters are constructed from Monte Carlo tallies. The solutions to the LOO equations are then used to update Monte Carlo fission sources. This thesis deploys independent simulations to rigorously assess LOO, CMFD, and unaccelerated Monte Carlo, simulating up to a quarter of a trillion neutron histories for each simulation. Analysis and performance models are developed to address two aspects of the Monte Carlo run time challenge. First, this thesis demonstrates that acceleration methods can reduce the vast number of neutron histories required to converge the fission source distribution before tallies can be accumulated. Second, the slow convergence of tally statistics is improved with the acceleration methods for the earlier active cycles. A theoretical model is developed to explain the observed behaviors and predict convergence rates. Finally, numerical results and theoretical models shed light on the selection of optimal simulation parameters such that a desired statistical uncertainty can be achieved with minimum neutron histories. This thesis demonstrates that the conventional wisdom (e.g., maximizing the number of cycles rather than the number of neutrons per cycle) in performing unaccelerated MC simulations can be improved simply by using more optimal parameters. LOO acceleration provides reduction of a factor of at least 2.2 in neutron histories, compared to the unaccelerated Monte Carlo scheme, and the CPU time and memory overhead associated with LOO are small.
by Lulu Li.
Ph. D.
Galassi, Giulio Roberto. "Monte Carlo simulations of diatomics, polymers and alkanes." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/421719/.
Full textOdof, Serge. "Microanalyse x des isolants : simulations de monte-carlo." Reims, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REIMS022.
Full textErcolano, Barbara. "Three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations of photonized nebulae." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398087.
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