Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gates Mills

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Gates Mills'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Gates Mills"

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HOVIKORPI, KIRSI, and ESA VAKKILAINEN. "Sources, collection, and handling of noncondensible gases in modern kraft pulp mills." TAPPI Journal 18, no. 5 (2019): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj18.5.297.

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This work describes and discusses sources of noncondensible gases (NCG) in modern kraft pulp mills and modern NCG collection from process units where odor emissions can occur if these gases are released to the surroundings. A mill-wide overview of NCG sources and collection in modern pulp mills is provided. Using modern practices, malodorous gases can be collected to the extent that a pulp mill is essentially odor free. The key to limiting complaint-causing odors is prevention of these emissions during process disturbances, equipment malfunctions, operator errors, and other unforeseen occurrences.
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Burgess, Tom L., Andrew G. Gibson, Saul J. Furstein, and Israel E. Wachs. "Converting waste gases from pulp mills into value-added chemicals." Environmental Progress 21, no. 3 (2002): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.670210311.

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Bordado, João C. M., and João F. P. Gomes. "Characterisation of non-condensable sulphur containing gases from kraft pulp mills." Chemosphere 37, no. 7 (1998): 1235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(98)00121-0.

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Bordado, João C. M., and João F. P. Gomes. "Characterisation of non-condensable sulphur containing gases from Kraft pulp mills." Chemosphere 44, no. 5 (2001): 1011–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00483-5.

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Song, Xue Ping, Qiu Xia Xie, Dong Hua Liang, et al. "Study on Experimental Device of Removing TRS Gas with ClO2." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 1710–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.1710.

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In order to remove the malodorous pollutants of total reduced sulfur (TRS) produced by kraft pulp mill, the experimental device was designed to remove the TRS gases in accordance with the principle of ClO2oxidizing TRS gases. After ClO2oxidizes TRS gases, the substances produced are absorbed by lye, which achieve the purpose of removing TRS gases. At the same time, these alkali absorber can be reused to the sulfur cycle of kraft pulp mills. With the self-designed experiment apparatus, the removal rate of H2S and CH3SH are 99.40% and 99.8% respectively, the concentration of H2S reduces from 1.275g/m3to 0.137mg/m3, the concentration of CH3SH reduces from 1.457g/m3to 0.032 mg/m3, which both reach national grade iii emission standards.
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Orozco, Blanco, Napoleón Vicente, Zúniga González, and Carlos Alberto. "Environmental Bio Economic Impact in Nicaragua." Journal of Agricultural Studies 1, no. 2 (2013): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v1i2.4033.

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In this article the Bio economy of power plants connected to the national interconnected system of Nicaragua is analyzed, through the study of environmental effects of greenhouse gases emissions from the use of solid biomass from sugarcane bagasse and oil to generate electricity. In addition, an analysis of Cost - Benefit of investments to the electricity generation using fossil fuel and bagasse is done. The Methodology EX-Ante Carbon-balance Tool (EX-ACT) was used; this methodology was proposed by the United Nations Organization for Food and Agriculture (FAO) to determine the overall greenhouse gases (GHG) emission balance. Additionally, the WinDASI program, also developed by FAO, was used for the Cost - Benefit Analysis of investment in power plants. Furthermore, we performed marginal costing GHG reduction. The results show, that all plants are sources of GHG emissions, however the impact of sugar mills is partially positive by reforestation components and annual crops. However, the component inputs had negative environmental and socially impact. In the case of thermal power generation plants based on petroleum connected to the national grid, they were found to be sources of greenhouse gases. The analysis of the Benefit Cost in their investment indicates that there is a positive financially impact except in ALBANISA power plant and sugar Mills power plants.
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Hoffman, Christopher D., Paul K. Henneberger, Anna-Carin Olin, Amar Mehta, and Kjell Torén. "Exposure to ozone gases in pulp mills and the onset of rhinitis." Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 30, no. 6 (2004): 445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.833.

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Cheng, Zhao, Zhiyong Chen, Tamás Vicsek, Duxin Chen, and Hai-Tao Zhang. "Pattern phase transitions of self-propelled particles: gases, crystals, liquids, and mills." New Journal of Physics 18, no. 10 (2016): 103005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/18/10/103005.

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Grandou, Thierry, and Ralf Hofmann. "Thermal Ground State and Nonthermal Probes." Advances in Mathematical Physics 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/197197.

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The Euclidean formulation of SU(2) Yang-Mills thermodynamics admits periodic, (anti)self-dual solutions to the fundamental, classical equation of motion which possess one unit of topological charge: (anti)calorons. A spatial coarse graining over the central region in a pair of such localised field configurations with trivial holonomy generates an inert adjoint scalar fieldϕ, effectively describing the pure quantum part of the thermal ground state in the induced quantum field theory. Here we show for the limit of zero holonomy how (anti)calorons associate a temperature independent electric permittivity and magnetic permeability to the thermal ground state ofSU2CMB, the Yang-Mills theory conjectured to underlie the fundamental description of thermal photon gases.
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Pradhan, Sean, and Devin Alton. "283 Travel Factors in Away Games: A Case Study of a Women’s College Basketball Team." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (2021): A113—A114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.282.

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Abstract Introduction Previous investigations in professional basketball, football, and other sports have shown meaningful effects of factors like rest and length of a team’s road trip on overall performance, with detriments being attributed to travel. However, prior research in the context of college basketball has been relatively scant. Thus, the current study extends the literature by performing a case study on the impact of such travel factors on a women’s college basketball team. Methods Data from a total of 110 road games played over the last 10 seasons from 2010 to 2020 by a National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) women’s college basketball team were collected from the college’s athletics site. We examined the influence of consecutive games played away, days in between games, back-to-back games, and miles traveled by the team on game outcomes and team performance. Specifically, we inspected box-score statistics, such as points scored, points allowed, shooting percentages (i.e., field-goal, free-throw, and three-point), rebounds, blocks, steals, assists, personal fouls, and turnovers. We performed a series of generalized regressions controlling for the team and opponent winning percentages entering each game, along with the opponent’s home time zone. Although neutral site games were excluded from our analyses, such events were still considered in determining the number of consecutive games played away from home. Results Our analyses revealed that the team scored significantly more points (p = .03), and won more games (p = .04) when traveling fewer miles away from their home city. We also found that fewer consecutive games played away were related to significantly more blocks of opponent shots (p = .02). Ultimately, the team shot significantly higher from the field when there were more days in between games (p = .03). Conclusion Findings from the present study reveal that certain aspects of team performance on the road appear to be influenced by miles traveled from the college’s home city, consecutive games played away, and days in between games. Results could be applied beyond the current context, whereby college basketball teams could utilize such findings to mitigate the impact of travel on athletes. Support (if any) None
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gates Mills"

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Pena, João Gustavo Coelho. "Otimização do sistema de distribuição de gases numa usina siderúrgica integrada." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6204.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:07:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raphael Mariano Macieira - Parte 1.pdf: 2082403 bytes, checksum: 0145a5a29417fe7c6d36a2a1417ff32b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-06<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>The production process in an integrated steel mill produces gases, which can typically be used as fuel by the plant itself. However, managing the distribution of combustible gases is a complex activity, mainly because of the imbalances between production and consumption profiles of gases, the capacity and operational constraints of gas accumulators, and the constraints to energy use in power plants. The objective of this work is to use mixed integer linear programming (MILP) as a formulation for the problem distributing gases in the integrated steel mill, and to solve the formulated MILP making use of an algorithm that was developed using the Branch and Bound technique together with the Simplex method. Finally, the case studies confirm that the model is able to find an optimal solution for the proposed problem<br>Nos processos para produção de aço em uma usina siderúrgica integrada são produzidos gases que normalmente podem ser aproveitados como combustíveis pela própria planta. Entretanto, gerenciar a distribuição destes gases combustíveis é uma atividade complexa, principalmente por causa dos desequilíbrios entre os perfis de produção e consumo dos gases, das limitações de capacidade dos acumuladores de gases e suas restrições operacionais, além das restrições para aproveitamento energético nas centrais termoelétricas. O objetivo deste trabalho é usar a programação linear inteira mista (MILP) como uma formulação do problema da distribuição de gases na usina siderúrgica integrada; e, para solucionar a MILP usar um algoritmo que foi desenvolvido usando a técnica Branch and Bound em conjunto com o método Simplex. Por fim, estudos de casos confirmam que o modelo é capaz de encontrar uma solução ótima para o problema formulado
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John, Brindha Samantha. "A gate-to-gate life cycle assessment of a pulp and paper mill in South Africa." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1561.

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Books on the topic "Gates Mills"

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Bratchikov, G. G. Ochistka gazovykh vybrosov v t͡s︡elli͡u︡lozno-bumazhnoĭ promyshlennosti. "Lesnai͡a︡ promyshl.", 1989.

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Meyers, Carole Terwilliger. Miles of smiles: 101 great car games & activities. Carousel Press, 1992.

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Metz, Dave. Crossing the gates of Alaska: One man, two dogs, 600 miles off the map. Citadel Press, 2010.

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Meyers, Carole Terwilliger. Miles of smiles: 101 great car games for kids and the adults who travel with them. Gramercy Books, 2002.

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Miles, Tony. Tony Miles: "It's Only Me" : England's first chess grandmaster. B.T. Batsford, 2003.

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Take a seat: One man, one tandem, and twenty thousand miles of possibilities. Falcon Guides, 2010.

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Wilmot, Chester. Analysis of Louisiana vehicular input data for MOBILE 6. Louisiana Transportation Research Center, 2008.

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Group, Mid-Antrim Historical. A danner up the town on Friday, 28 June 1985 at 6.45pm: From the library to the Mill Gate, via Coach Entry and thence up Bridge Street and Church Street to Broadway. Church Street Printing, 1985.

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Personal recollections and observations of General Nelson A. Miles, embracing a brief view of the Civil War, or, From New England to the Golden Gate and the story of his Indian campaigns with comments on the exploration, development, and progress of our great western empire. University of Nebraska Press, 1992.

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Lane, Anne Kelly. The Powder Mill Gates. Infinity Publishing, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gates Mills"

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Zhao, Xiancong, Hao Bai, Qi Shi, and Zhancheng Guo. "Prediction and Optimal Scheduling of Byproduct Gases in Steel Mill: Trends and Challenges." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52333-0_4.

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Barclay, Katie, and François Soyer. "The Tryal of Philip Standsfield, Son to sir James Standsfield of New-Milns for the Murther of his Father, and other Crimes Libell’d Against him, Feb. 7. 1688. for Which he had Judgment, that on the [15th… ] Betwixt the Hours of Two and Four in the Afternoon, to be Carried to the Mercat-Cross of Edinburgh, and Hang’d on a Gibbet, Until he be dead; his Tongue to be Cut Out and Burnt on a Scaffold; and his Right-Hand to be Cut off, and Affixt on the East Gate of Hedington, and his Body to be Hung in Chains. Which Doom and Sentence was Accordingly Put to due Execution upon the Said Philip Standsfield." In Emotions in Europe 1517–1914. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003175506-18.

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Eliot, George. "Chapter VII: The Golden Gates Are Passed." In The Mill on the Floss. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780198707530.003.0023.

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So Tom went on even to the fifth half-year—till he was turned sixteen—at King’s Lorton, while Maggie was growing with a rapidity which her aunts considered highly reprehensible, at Miss Firniss’s boarding-school in the ancient town of Laceham on the Floss, with cousin Lucy...
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Kristensen, Peer Hull, and Jonathan Zeitlin. "Lake Mills: Self-limiting Strategies of a Solidaristic Plant Community." In Local Players in Global Games. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199275625.003.0004.

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Kristensen, Peer Hull, and Jonathan Zeitlin. "Associating Local Strategies of Global Reach: Horsens, Lake Mills, Eastbourne, and APV." In Local Players in Global Games. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199275625.003.0002.

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"8. What Had to Be Done: THE STRUGGLE AT THE MILL GATES." In The Last Great Strike. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520961012-010.

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Jarrett, Michael. "Laying Down Tracks." In Pressed for All Time. University of North Carolina Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469630588.003.0004.

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Recording jazz onto multitrack tape meant that, while music continued to be captured onto tape in studios, albums could be constructed in postproduction: analogous to the way movies were shot on soundstages and assembled in editing rooms. Some musicians—especially Miles Davis and his jazz fusion bands—directed improvisations in the recording studio and left the task of assembling albums to their producers. Audiences for such albums heard, not studio games of cut 'n' paste, but tracks that resembled the turn-on-a-dime musical performances they heard in concert—performances which imitated techniques devised in postproduction. Enabling the naiveté of this audience is an overarching truth: jazz production almost always uses available technologies to ensure that in-the-moment performances are recorded (and, later, reproduced) as perfectly as possible.
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Fox, Michael H. "Back to the Future: Nuclear Power." In Why We Need Nuclear Power. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199344574.003.0010.

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Nuclear power is considered by many to be an old technology locked in the past— they say the future is with solar and wind. Commercial nuclear power began in 1951 when Russia built the first civilian nuclear power reactor, followed by the British in 1956 and the Americans in 1957. In the 1960s and 1970s, nuclear power plants blossomed all over the world. There were 42 reactors in the United States in 1973; by 1990 there were 112. Some of these were closed, so by 1998 there were 104 operating nuclear reactors (the same number operating at the end of 2012) providing about 100 GWe (gigawatts electric ) to the grid. Worldwide, there were 432 operating nuclear reactors as of mid-2013. Nuclear reactors have been providing about 20% of the electricity in the United States for over 20 years, with no emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2 ). France gets nearly 75% of its electricity from nuclear power, the highest proportion of any nation. Germany and Japan each got more than 25% of their electricity from nuclear power in 2010; though Germany shut down about half of its reactors, Japan temporarily shut down all of its reactors, and both are considering permanently closing down their reactors after the accident in Fukushima, Japan, in 2011. So nuclear power has been providing electricity for over 50 years and plays a major role in the energy mix for a number of countries. But nuclear power is also critically important for an energy future that will meet our electrical power needs with minimal production of greenhouse gases and benign effects on the environment. We must go back to the future if we want to make serious inroads into reducing greenhouse gases and global warming. To see why nuclear power is critical for the future, let’s begin our journey by touring a nuclear power plant. The Wolf Creek nuclear power plant sits on the flat plains of Kansas about 60 miles south of Topeka and 4 miles from Burlington, about 200 miles east of the wheat fields I farmed as a kid. A 5,090-acre lake filled with crappie, walleye, large and smallmouth bass, and other game fish provides cooling water for the reactor and also provides a fishing mecca for Kansans. The 10,500-acre site, including the reactor complex and the lake, has about 1,500 acres of wildlife habitat, and about one-third is leased to area farmers and ranchers. The plant itself takes up less than half a square mile. The lake provides habitat for waterfowl, as well as for bald eagles and osprey. It is hard to imagine that electricity for 800,000 people is generated in this pristine area of farmland and nature preserve.
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Eregowda, Tejaswini. "Volatile fatty acid production from Kraft mill foul condensate in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors." In Anaerobic treatment and resource recovery from methanol rich waste gases and wastewaters. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780367816520-7.

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Colopy, Cheryl. "Beyond Barrages and Boundaries." In Dirty, Sacred Rivers. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199845019.003.0022.

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A low dam girdles the Ganga about sixty miles beyond Bhagalpur. More than a mile and a half across, the structure is the longest barrage in the world. It has 109 gates, almost twice as many as the Koshi barrage I traveled over near the Nepal-India border. Its name, Farakka, is anathema to people throughout Bangladesh. In India mainly fishermen on the Ganga know much about it. The barrage, which sits just eleven miles from the international border that separates the tiny nation from its big neighbor, has poisoned relations between the two governments for forty years. The story of Farakka is one of the thorniest river disputes on the subcontinent. Whole books have been written about it on both sides of the border as well as by international commentators, not to mention the technical treatises it has engendered. The barrage did not accomplish the task for which it was built and has harmed people in both India and Bangladesh. Farakka offers a warning about how not to handle transboundary rivers to prevent complex subcontinental watersharing problems from becoming crises in the future. Borders fragment the river system in the Ganges basin, creating unique transboundary water management challenges. To visualize the Indian subcontinent’s river-sharing problems, imagine a slice of pizza. Take a bite out of the middle of the bumpy top crust. That’s Nepal. Then take a small bite out of the right, or eastern edge, just below the crust. That’s Bangladesh. The rest of the slice is India. These three nations share the greater Ganges basin. The river spills into the Bay of Bengal in Bangladesh after flowing across the wide top part of India. Many of the river’s major tributaries come from Nepal. The smaller slice of pizza to the west would include Pakistan and the Indus River, but that’s another complicated story. Now move the piece of pizza to North America and pretend the United States is the majority of the slice.
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Conference papers on the topic "Gates Mills"

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Leshchinskaya, Alexandra. "A. Leshchinskaya. MICROWAVE WOOD CHIP TREATMENT USE IN CHEMICAL PULP MANUFACTURING (TECHNICAL-ECONOMIC ASSESMENT)." In Ampere 2019. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9706.

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MICROWAVE WOOD CHIP TREATMENT USE IN CHEMICAL PULP MANUFACTURING (TECHNICAL-ECONOMIC ASSESMENT) A. Leshchinskaya Plekhanov Russian University of Economics. 36 Stremyannyy Pereulok, 115093 Moscow, Russia, e-mail: alixfl@mail.ru] Keywords: chemical pulping, microwave wood modification, pulp, softwood, wood chips. Large volumes of cellulose are produced from wood chips by chemical methods. Low permeability of many wood species causes problems in the chemical pulp industry. These include: very long cooking times, high chemical consumption, large material losses, high energy consumption, and environmental pollution. New microwave (MW) wood modification technology can provide an increase in wood permeability for liquids and gases, which solves many of these problems. The technology works by applying intensive MW power to green wood, which generates steam pressure within wood cells. High internal pressure destroys weak elements of wood structure, opens pores and forms micro and macro cracks. A several thousand-fold increase in wood permeability can be achieved in species previously found to be impermeable to liquids and gases. It allows a significant increase in the speed of pulp cooking and improves a production processes. The study of the technology showed radical potential improvements in the pulp industry through: increase in mill throughput significant reduction of chemical consumptionreduction of energy consumption • increase in pulp quality and yield improvement of environmental performance. Pulp manufacturing process includs timber chipping, microwave chip treatment, steaming, cooking, washing, and pulp making. The use of MW wood chip treatment in pulp mills with outputs of 50,000 to 500,000 air dry tons (ADT) per year requires MW equipment with power from 1000 to 10,000 kW. Economic modelling of this technology used in different pulp mill conditions allowed assessment of the effect of capital costs, electricity costs, labour costs and other cost components to specific total costs of MW chip processing. Economic assessment of MW technology application showed that specific costs of softwood chip processing at electricity costs of 0.08 - 0.12 US$/kWh are 25.4 -33.7 US$/ADT of pulp. Electricity costs form the most significant part of the total specific costs of MW processing and form 51-69% shear in the total specific costs. Under the same conditions capital costs form 15-20% shear, and labour costs form 5-18% shear of the total specific costs. The electricity cost increase from $0.04 to $0.24/kWh provides specific MW processing cost rise by 2.7 to 3.1 times at pulp mill output range 50,000 to 500,000 ADT/year. New technology use allows benefits up to 7 – 22 Mil US$ per year for pulp mills with output of more than 200,000 ADT/year. The technology can be used by pulp mills with batch and continuous digesting and is not limited by mill throughput. Ecological impacts and high economic advantages of this MW technology application in pulp and paper industry provide good opportunity for commercialisation.
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Luessen, H. Peter. "Gas Turbine Technology for Steel Mill Gas and Syngas Applications." In ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-221.

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Recent market place activity over the past years has shown a renewed trend in using steel mill waste gas for combustion in gas turbines. To effectively use steel mill gas, as well as other industrial off gases and syngas from gasification, more than just the combustion process has to be considered. With steel mill gases some of the more critical areas involve gas clean up and compression, as well as integration with the steam system of the host industrial plant. This paper will summarize some of the special considerations for applying a gas turbine/combined cycle power plant to a steel mill. Due to the similarities of the fuels, this paper will also discuss how this is common to other industrial gases applications. GE has substantial experience in combustion of low calorific fuels as well as industrial process gases and more recently steel mill gases.
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Li, Chermaine, Shilpa Ranganathan, and Sidharth Vijayachandran. "Games in the workplace: Revolutionary or run-of-the-mill?" In 2013 IEEE International Games Innovation Conference (IGIC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igic.2013.6659131.

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Nelson, Andrew W., Feng Zhang, Arif S. Malik, and Mark E. Zipf. "Sizing Design for 4-High Cold Rolling Mills." In ASME 2014 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME 2014 International Conference on Materials and Processing and the 42nd North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2014-4137.

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As the demand for thin and ultra-thin gage for cold-rolled sheet metals increases, cold rolling manufacturers and sheet metal producers must utilize technological advancements to stay competitive globally. To manufacture a competitive rolling mill, the mill designer must identify an appropriate mill configuration, roll sizes, and flatness control systems, etc. The design must be robust enough to accommodate broad product envelopes containing strips of different widths, gages, and materials. At the same time, the mill “sizing” must be competitive by avoiding over- or under-design. These two objectives, designing a robust mill and remaining competitive, tend to conflict, which establishes the need for optimal mill design based on rigorous multidisciplinary analysis. Conventionally, mill design is done using a ‘sequential’ design approach relying heavily on experience. The major limitation of sequential mill design is that it can lead to over-design or under-design since it segregates design tasks for the coupled components, making it difficult to consider many combinations of the design space. The result is a ‘feasible’ rather than ‘optimum feasible’ mill design. This work applies nonlinear programming to optimize the basic design of a 4-high reversing cold rolling mill, subject to static strength, fatigue, and strip geometric quality constraints. The work offers an improved multi-disciplinary design approach based on stress and fatigue analysis of rolls, and an efficient strip profile/flatness analysis to identify suitable design limits for roll bending devices.
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Herschbein, S. B., L. S. Fischer, T. L. Kane, M. P. Tenney та A. D. Shore. "The Challenges of FIB Chip Repair and Debug Assistance in the 0.25μm Copper Interconnect Millennium". У ISTFA 1998. ASM International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa1998p0127.

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Abstract Copper will probably replace aluminum alloys as the interconnect metallurgy of choice for high performance semiconductor devices. This transition will challenge the suitability of established practices in focused ion beam (FIB) chip repair. A fundamental rethink in methodology, techniques, and process gases will be required to deal with the new metal films. This paper discusses the results of recent experiments in the areas of FIB exposure, cuts and connections to buried copper lines. While copper tends to mill faster than aluminum, etch rate variations due to grain structure tend to make reliable isolation cuts more difficult. The films also have been shown to suffer regrowth and surface reactions during long term storage following FIB exposure. Attempts at halogen gas assisted etch (GAE) mills result in undesirable removal characteristics, and in the case of bromine, the spontaneous destruction of all exposed copper in the immediate area. Resistance measurements and reliability of deposited tungsten connections to copper lines are also presented. In addition, the latest techniques developed for aluminum wiring isolation and device characterization are shown. These include 'cleanup' methods for achieving good circuit isolation without the extensive use of local oxide deposition, and the latest multilevel version of the FIB ‘wagon wheel’ for SRAM cell characterization. Also included is preliminary data from a custom built FIB chamber four manipulator prober module.
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Larson, Eric D., Ryan E. Katofsky, and Stefano Consonni. "An Assessment of Black Liquor Gasification Combined Cycles: Part B — Emission, Costs and Macro-Benefits." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53185.

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This paper and its companion (Consonni et al., 2004) summarize the results of a major study (Larson, et al., 2003) that assessed performances, emissions, costs and overall benefits of black liquor gasification combined cycle (BLGCC) technology for the U.S. kraft pulp and paper industry. This paper presents analysis and estimates of the potential mill-level air emissions and financial performance of future commercial BLGCC systems described in technical detail in the companion paper. Also, potential regional and national impacts on energy consumption and emissions are estimated under different future BLGCC market penetration scenarios. Emission estimates for SO2, NOx, CO, volatile organic carbon (VOCs), particulate matter, total reduced sulfur (TRS) and CO2 are developed based on detailed quantitative data for Tomlinson furnaces and on extrapolation of gas turbine emissions and other relevant data for BLGCC systems. Prospective economics for a hypothetical representative mill in the Southeastern U.S. are assessed by assuming that an investment would be made in a new power/recovery system to replace an existing Tomlinson system that has reached the end of its working life. Key inputs to the financial analysis include the mass/energy balances shown in the companion paper and engineering cost estimates for each power/recovery system that were developed by two outside engineering firms. Because the overall objective of the study was to examine the long-term commercial potential for BLGCC, the capital cost estimates were based on assumed “Nth plant” levels of technology maturity and operational reliability. Widespread commercial implementation of BLGCC systems in the United States would enable significant energy savings for the country as a whole. Significant reductions in emissions of criteria pollutants and greenhouse gases could also be achieved, especially in the Southeastern United States, where two-thirds of U.S. kraft pulp mills are located. Relative to state-of-the-art Tomlinson systems, financial returns on investment are attractive without explicit valuation of environmental benefits. With monetary valuation of such benefits, the financial returns are very attractive.
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7

Stejskal, Vaclav. "Flour-mill fumigation using hydrogen cyanide and phosphine insecticide gases." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.112387.

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8

Hall, Joel M., Robert T. Thatcher, Sergey V. Koshevets, Larry L. Thomas, and Robert M. Jones. "Development and Field Validation of a Large-Frame Gas Turbine Power Train for Steel Mill Gases." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45923.

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As of September 2009, GE Energy (GE) has successfully expanded its large-frame gas turbine product line to burn ultra-low calorific steel mill gas fuel blends, especially mixtures of Blast Furnace Gas (BFG) and Coke Oven Gas (COG). The first two GE frame 9E Gas Turbines in China with this capability have thus far accumulated more than 8000 hours operating on BFG/COG blends. The China site comprises two complete power trains, including GE 9E gas turbines, generators, fuel cleaning equipment, and fuel gas compressors. Since startup, combustion operating parameters have remained within design limits, consistent with the extensive full-scale lab testing GE conducted during the turbine’s design development effort, and comparable to fleet experience on natural gas fired GE gas turbines. Based on this accumulated data set, especially the wide range of gas compositions tested in the combustion lab, similar process gases such as corex and finex gases, and air-blown synthetic gases are operable in this system. The GE 9E platform targets the 50Hz market. For 60Hz applications, a 7EA BFG product is available.
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Chiesa, Paolo, and Stefano Consonni. "Natural Gas Fired Combined Cycles With Low CO2 Emissions." In ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-370.

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This paper assesses performances and economic viability of CO2 removal by chemical absorption from the flue gases of natural gas-fired Combined Cycles, more specifically for two configurations: one where CO2 is removed ahead of the stack without modifying the power cycle; the other where part of the flue gases is recirculated to the gas turbine, thereby reducing the flow to be treated by chemical absorption. In both cases sequestered CO2 is made available at conditions suitable to storage into deep oceanic waters. Performances and cost of electricity are evaluated for systems based on large, heavy-duty turbines representative of state of the art “FA” technology. Carbon sequestration reduces net plant efficiency and power output by about 10% and increases the cost of electricity from 36 to about 50 mills/kWh. Flue gas recirculation warrants slightly higher efficiencies and lower costs. CO2 removal is eventually compared with other strategies for the reduction of CO2 emissions, like switching existing coal-fired steam plants to natural gas or replacing existing steam plants with conventional CCs. At current fuel prices the latter appears the option of choice, with a cost of about 25 $ per tonn of avoided CO2 emission.
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Hauffe, Richard, Constantine Samaras, and Jeremy J. Michalek. "Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle Simulation: How Battery Weight and Charging Patterns Impact Cost, Fuel Consumption, and CO2 Emissions." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-50027.

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Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) technology is receiving attention as an approach to reducing U.S. dependency on foreign oil and emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) from the transportation sector. Because plug-in vehicles require large batteries for energy storage, battery weight can have a significant impact on vehicle performance: Additional storage capacity increases the range that a PHEV can travel on electricity from the grid; however, the associated increased weight causes reduced efficiency in transforming electricity and gasoline into miles driven. We examine vehicle simulation models for PHEVs and identify trends in fuel consumption, operating costs, and GHG emissions as battery capacity is increased. We find that PHEVs with large battery capacity consume less gasoline than small capacity PHEVs when charged every 200 miles or less. When charged frequently, small capacity PHEVs are less expensive to operate and release fewer GHGs, but medium and large capacity PHEVs are more efficient for drivers that charge every 25–100 miles. While statistics on average commute length suggest that frequent charges are possible, answering the question of which PHEV designs will best help to achieve national goals will require a realistic understanding of likely consumer driving and charging behavior as well as future trends in electricity generation.
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Reports on the topic "Gates Mills"

1

DeAnna, Dixon, and Hodo Wayne. Finite element analysis of quoin block deterioration and load transfer mechanisms in miter gates : pintle and pintle connections. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40842.

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The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) currently operates and maintains approximately 193 commercially active lock sites with 239 locks and dams spanning nearly 12,000 miles. These networks of water channels are used to transport 600 million tons of domestic cargo, generating $405 billion in revenue annually. Nearly 60% of these structures in operation are over 50 years old and have reached design life. A failure of the miter gates could result in a major negative impact on the economy and on the ability to maintain flood control. Administrators need recommendations to better prioritize maintenance and repair of the USACE miter gates. This work investigated the influence of miter gate’s quoin block degradation on load transfer to the pintle and/or pintle connections. Results of finite element analysis are reported for the quoin block degradation simulated levels of 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%. The parametric study shows the overstressed regions are the pintle neck and bolt-hole regions. To improve pintle designs so they may better mitigate detrimental environmental based deterioration effects, this work recommends (1) increasing the thickness of the bolt-hole connection region and (2) adding ribbing reinforcement around the neck area of the pintle.
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HDR ENGINEERING INC OAKLAND CA. Mill Creek Flood Control Project Radial Gate Investigations. Defense Technical Information Center, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada411211.

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