Journal articles: 'Gates Mills'

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HOVIKORPI, KIRSI, and ESA VAKKILAINEN. "Sources, collection, and handling of noncondensible gases in modern kraft pulp mills." TAPPI Journal 18, no. 5 (2019): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj18.5.297.

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This work describes and discusses sources of noncondensible gases (NCG) in modern kraft pulp mills and modern NCG collection from process units where odor emissions can occur if these gases are released to the surroundings. A mill-wide overview of NCG sources and collection in modern pulp mills is provided. Using modern practices, malodorous gases can be collected to the extent that a pulp mill is essentially odor free. The key to limiting complaint-causing odors is prevention of these emissions during process disturbances, equipment malfunctions, operator errors, and other unforeseen occurrences.

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Burgess, Tom L., Andrew G. Gibson, Saul J. Furstein, and Israel E. Wachs. "Converting waste gases from pulp mills into value-added chemicals." Environmental Progress 21, no. 3 (2002): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.670210311.

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Bordado, João C. M., and João F. P. Gomes. "Characterisation of non-condensable sulphur containing gases from kraft pulp mills." Chemosphere 37, no. 7 (1998): 1235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(98)00121-0.

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Bordado, João C. M., and João F. P. Gomes. "Characterisation of non-condensable sulphur containing gases from Kraft pulp mills." Chemosphere 44, no. 5 (2001): 1011–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00483-5.

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Song, Xue Ping, Qiu Xia Xie, Dong Hua Liang, et al. "Study on Experimental Device of Removing TRS Gas with ClO₂." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 1710–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.1710.

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In order to remove the malodorous pollutants of total reduced sulfur (TRS) produced by kraft pulp mill, the experimental device was designed to remove the TRS gases in accordance with the principle of ClO2oxidizing TRS gases. After ClO2oxidizes TRS gases, the substances produced are absorbed by lye, which achieve the purpose of removing TRS gases. At the same time, these alkali absorber can be reused to the sulfur cycle of kraft pulp mills. With the self-designed experiment apparatus, the removal rate of H2S and CH3SH are 99.40% and 99.8% respectively, the concentration of H2S reduces from 1.275g/m3to 0.137mg/m3, the concentration of CH3SH reduces from 1.457g/m3to 0.032 mg/m3, which both reach national grade iii emission standards.

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Orozco, Blanco, Napoleón Vicente, Zúniga González, and Carlos Alberto. "Environmental Bio Economic Impact in Nicaragua." Journal of Agricultural Studies 1, no. 2 (2013): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v1i2.4033.

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In this article the Bio economy of power plants connected to the national interconnected system of Nicaragua is analyzed, through the study of environmental effects of greenhouse gases emissions from the use of solid biomass from sugarcane bagasse and oil to generate electricity. In addition, an analysis of Cost - Benefit of investments to the electricity generation using fossil fuel and bagasse is done. The Methodology EX-Ante Carbon-balance Tool (EX-ACT) was used; this methodology was proposed by the United Nations Organization for Food and Agriculture (FAO) to determine the overall greenhouse gases (GHG) emission balance. Additionally, the WinDASI program, also developed by FAO, was used for the Cost - Benefit Analysis of investment in power plants. Furthermore, we performed marginal costing GHG reduction. The results show, that all plants are sources of GHG emissions, however the impact of sugar mills is partially positive by reforestation components and annual crops. However, the component inputs had negative environmental and socially impact. In the case of thermal power generation plants based on petroleum connected to the national grid, they were found to be sources of greenhouse gases. The analysis of the Benefit Cost in their investment indicates that there is a positive financially impact except in ALBANISA power plant and sugar Mills power plants.

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Hoffman, Christopher D., Paul K. Henneberger, Anna-Carin Olin, Amar Mehta, and Kjell Torén. "Exposure to ozone gases in pulp mills and the onset of rhinitis." Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 30, no. 6 (2004): 445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.833.

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Cheng, Zhao, Zhiyong Chen, Tamás Vicsek, Duxin Chen, and Hai-Tao Zhang. "Pattern phase transitions of self-propelled particles: gases, crystals, liquids, and mills." New Journal of Physics 18, no. 10 (2016): 103005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/18/10/103005.

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Grandou, Thierry, and Ralf Hofmann. "Thermal Ground State and Nonthermal Probes." Advances in Mathematical Physics 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/197197.

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The Euclidean formulation of SU(2) Yang-Mills thermodynamics admits periodic, (anti)self-dual solutions to the fundamental, classical equation of motion which possess one unit of topological charge: (anti)calorons. A spatial coarse graining over the central region in a pair of such localised field configurations with trivial holonomy generates an inert adjoint scalar fieldϕ, effectively describing the pure quantum part of the thermal ground state in the induced quantum field theory. Here we show for the limit of zero holonomy how (anti)calorons associate a temperature independent electric permittivity and magnetic permeability to the thermal ground state ofSU2CMB, the Yang-Mills theory conjectured to underlie the fundamental description of thermal photon gases.

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Pradhan, Sean, and Devin Alton. "283 Travel Factors in Away Games: A Case Study of a Women’s College Basketball Team." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (2021): A113—A114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.282.

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Abstract Introduction Previous investigations in professional basketball, football, and other sports have shown meaningful effects of factors like rest and length of a team’s road trip on overall performance, with detriments being attributed to travel. However, prior research in the context of college basketball has been relatively scant. Thus, the current study extends the literature by performing a case study on the impact of such travel factors on a women’s college basketball team. Methods Data from a total of 110 road games played over the last 10 seasons from 2010 to 2020 by a National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) women’s college basketball team were collected from the college’s athletics site. We examined the influence of consecutive games played away, days in between games, back-to-back games, and miles traveled by the team on game outcomes and team performance. Specifically, we inspected box-score statistics, such as points scored, points allowed, shooting percentages (i.e., field-goal, free-throw, and three-point), rebounds, blocks, steals, assists, personal fouls, and turnovers. We performed a series of generalized regressions controlling for the team and opponent winning percentages entering each game, along with the opponent’s home time zone. Although neutral site games were excluded from our analyses, such events were still considered in determining the number of consecutive games played away from home. Results Our analyses revealed that the team scored significantly more points (p = .03), and won more games (p = .04) when traveling fewer miles away from their home city. We also found that fewer consecutive games played away were related to significantly more blocks of opponent shots (p = .02). Ultimately, the team shot significantly higher from the field when there were more days in between games (p = .03). Conclusion Findings from the present study reveal that certain aspects of team performance on the road appear to be influenced by miles traveled from the college’s home city, consecutive games played away, and days in between games. Results could be applied beyond the current context, whereby college basketball teams could utilize such findings to mitigate the impact of travel on athletes. Support (if any) None

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Agullo, Juan. "A The Tri-Border Area of Parana and COVID-19: A Tale Of Two Bridges in the South American Hinterland." Borders in Globalization Review 2, no. 1 (2020): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/bigr21202019757.

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During the COVID-19 lockdown, at night on the stretch of the Parana River that goes from the Ponte Internacional da Amizade (International Friendship Bridge) south to the geographic trifinium, where the river splits and three borders meet, the sound of outboard motors and gunfire has intensified. Seven-and-a-half miles (twelve kilometres) of border space separate Brazil from Paraguay in South America’s hinterland. Since 1965, the main transversal gates of a long-shared border of 848 miles (1,364 kilometres) are located on both sides of the Amizade Bridge. In 2020, during the pandemic, work on a second bridge, started the previous year, was intensified. This essay focuses on the study of the border space between both infrastructures: the old and the new.

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Molitor, Bastian, Hanno Richter, Michael E. Martin, et al. "Carbon recovery by fermentation of CO-rich off gases – Turning steel mills into biorefineries." Bioresource Technology 215 (September 2016): 386–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.094.

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Ayu Fajarwati and Wulan. "Meningkatkan Kemampuan Mengenal Bentuk Geometri Melalui Permainan Cacaburange." PEDAGOGIKA 10, no. 2 (2020): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.37411/pedagogika.v10i2.124.

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The Purpose of this research is to improve ability of geometry through cacaburange games. This research was implemented at Setiabudhi Kindergarten, Rangkasbitung in July-August 2018/2019. The method used is action research through two cycles, the cycles consist of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. Subjects were children ages 4-5 years at TK Setiabudhi who had problems in ability of geometry as many as 10 people. Data collecting using observation sheets, field notes, and record documentation. Analysis of the percentage of data used in this study based on Mills in the amount of 71%, the end result of overall analysis is 84,66% with increased 46,11%. Based on the increasing percentage of the current study, it can be stated that the hypothesis is accepted. It can be concluded that the use of cacaburange games can improve ability of geometry on children ages 4-5 years. The implications of this research that the cacaburange games can be used as an alternative to improve the ability of geometry. Increased ability of geometry in children can help with the child’s ability to understand and recognize geometry.

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Kyriakopoulos, G. K. "NATURAL DEGASSING OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND HYDROGEN SULPHIDE AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AT MILOS ISLAND, GREECE." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 5 (2017): 2361. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11636.

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The Aegean region represents an active convergent zone, where continental micro-plates exhibit a complex interaction between the African and the Eurasian plates. The calc-alkaline volcanic activity of the Southern Aegean region developed in various volcanic centers from Soussaki to Nisyros through Methana-Poros, Milos and Santorini. Milos Island has been an active volcano till the middle of Quaternary and is at present characterized by a high enthalpy geothermal system. The volcanism started 3.5 Ma ago and still continues up today in the form of post-volcanic manifestations. Most quiescent volcanoes released large amounts of CO2 and H2S through fumarolic activity and soil diffuse degassing. Numerous small fumaroles occur in various places, mainly at Kalamos and Adamas volcanic areas. Also along the southern coast of the island there are volcanic gas manifestations in the sea. Gases were sampled from fumaroles at Kalamos area as well as from north east part of Adamas village. Furthermore many soil gases were sampled at 50 cm depth and analyzed for their chemical composition. Apart from atmospheric gases (N2 and O2), which sometimes contaminate the samples, the main gas phase is CO2. Sometimes also H2S, CH4 and H2 are present in high amounts while CO and He are always present in trace amounts. The He isotopic composition highlights a significant mantle component. CO2 and H2S concentrations higher than in the normal atmosphere can be stimulating for plant growth until certain levels and detrimental above them. As for many active geothermal areas of the world also H2S and CO2 concentrations measured in the area of Milos could be of concern for human health.

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Fitrah Insani, Dina, та Rizal Firdaus. "تصميم الألعاب اللغوية لتنمية مهارة كلام المبتدئين باستخدام مفردات العربية بين يديك". Rayah Al-Islam 4, № 01 (2020): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37274/rais.v4i01.317.

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Arabic is the language of the Koran and the Hadith, with this language we can understand both them. However, at this time many people assume that Arabic is difficult, especially in getting used to speak in this language. Therefore, it is appropriate for Arabic language teachers to create a pleasant way when teaching Arabic and make it easier to learn. The way of teaching is to use language games. T he researcher used the descriptive-analytical method based on the qualitative analysis model for Miles and Huberman, then followed the three steps of data limit and then presented and conclusion to obtain the important information in the analysis of language games to develop speech skill and design it using vocabulary bayna yadaik book. In this journal the researcher chose three language games aimed at improving the speaking ability of beginner-level students and designing this game using the vocabulary in the book Al-Arabiyyah Baina Yadaik The first volume from Chapters one through four because this vocabulary is appropriate for beginners. These Games are game Khomsu As'ilah, Nabroh Games and Ana Anta Games.

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Hektor, Erik, and Thore Berntsson. "Reduction of greenhouse gases in integrated pulp and paper mills: possibilities for CO2 capture and storage." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 11, no. 1 (2008): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-008-0166-3.

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Kihlman, Jonas, and Christer Gustavsson. "The feasibility of utilizing existing process streams in kraft pulp mills as a source of chemicals for lignin extraction." BioResources 16, no. 1 (2020): 1009–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.1.1009-1028.

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Lignin is a sustainable raw material with a high potential for use in the production of renewable products. While the market for lignin is slowly growing, lignin recovery via acid precipitation during the kraft pulping process requires the addition of chemicals that will impact the chemical balance of the pulp mill. This negatively affects both the environmental and business operations. Utilizing existing process streams as a source of chemicals will allow the mill to close the chemical loop and reduce emissions, which will have positive environmental impacts. This study investigated the internal production of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) for use in lignin separation (also called extraction) at a Swedish kraft pulp mill. The process simulation tool CHEMCAD was used to model and analyze the wet gas H2SO4 (WSA) process to produce H2SO4. The chemical absorption process using monoethanolamine (MEA) to capturing CO2 was also analyzed. The utilization of the sulphur-containing gases to produce H2SO4 can generate an amount that corresponds to a significant lignin extraction rate. The CO2 available in the flue gases from a mill well exceeds the amount required for lignin extraction.

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Johnson, A. G. "SANTA MONICA BAY SHORELINE DEVELOPMENT PLANS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 1 (2010): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v1.30.

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The officially adopted Master Plan of Shoreline Development for Santa Monica Bay covers 13 miles of the shoreline between Topanga Canyon and El Segundo, with 9 miles in the City of Los Angeles, 3 miles in the City of Santa Monica, and one mile in unincorporated territory. It is planned to care for the beach recreation needs of 6,000,000 people, which is the estimated population for Los Angeles County in 1970. The beach development includes an ocean fill of 56,000,000 cubic yards, on which all the facilities will be constructed. These include scenic beach drives with divided roadways, promenades, areas for games of various kinds, bath houses, rest rooms, landscaping, restaurants, and last but not least, auto parking areas with a total capacity of 40,000 cars at one time. The amusement park and marina will also have parking fields with a capacity of 6,000 and 11,000 cars, respectively.

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Hariani, Fidya, Wiwin Arbaini, and Dini Palupi Putri. "TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN ORANG TUA: Antar Motivasi Belajar dan Kebiasaan Bermain Game Online." TA'DIBUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam 3, no. 1 (2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jpai.3.1.71-90.

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This study aimed to find out a depiction of educational patterns of parents whose educational background was elementary education in guiding and motivating their children often playing online games. This study applied a qualitative approach. Data were collected through observations and interviews. After the data had been collected, they were then analyzed using the theory of Miles et al, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The study concluded as follows: first, parents� level of education had an implication on the lack of parental motivation in Tanjung Alam Village. It happened because there were still many parents who did not really understand the educational process. Second, the habit of playing games by teenagers in Tanjung Alam Village became the implication of the lack of parents� knowledge as regards technological development and the negative impact of playing online games so that parents did not realize that this habit had an impact on the lack of learning activities at home.Keywords: Parental education, learning motivation, online games

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Saputra, Muhamad Disra, Marjohan Marjohan, and Safrizal Safrizal. "GAME ADDICTION AND ITS EFFECTS ON TEENAGERS’ MENTAL HEALTH." Ta'dib 23, no. 1 (2020): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.31958/jt.v23i1.2007.

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The aim of this study is to describe the game addiction behavior and its effect on mental health of teenagers. This study used qualitative method. The data collection was carried out in three ways: interview, observation, and documentation. The data were analyzed by using Miles and Huberman’s theories. In order to maintain the validity, the researcher did triangulation techniques. The results of the study showed that online game addiction had an effect on several domains, namely a sense of dependency that was marked by disability to withdraw from the desire to play games. Accordingly, the gamers frequently declared that their life without online gaming was empty. They were intolerance to the use of time, as they said that the time needed to play online games was uncertain, and their disability to control their emotions due to defeat during the games.

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Qin, Xingcai, Tao Wu, Ying Zhu, Xiaonan Shan, Chenbin Liu, and Nongjian Tao. "A Paper Based Milli-Cantilever Sensor for Detecting Hydrocarbon Gases via Smartphone Camera." Analytical Chemistry 92, no. 12 (2020): 8480–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01240.

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Ab Jalil, Habibah, Nurul Amelina Nasharuddin, Erzam Marlisah, et al. "Systematic Review of Enjoyment Element in Health-Related Game-Based Learning." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 15, no. 21 (2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i21.17345.

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Educational games are often used as teaching and learning tools, with studies showing that game-based learning is widely accepted among children and teenagers. The experience of enjoyment typically associated with playing games provides for a deeper learning experience and allows the individual to connect various concepts, skills, and knowledge, as well as sparking creativity. This paper builds upon previous studies of enjoyment in health-based gaming and aims to articulate a definition of enjoyment in gaming. Drawing on Miles’ taxonomy, the review further set out to identify and bridge gaps in our theoretical understanding of enjoyment. Three theories were found to be particularly relevant for explaining the concept of enjoyment in relation to health-based gaming: self-determination theory, flow theory, and uses and gratification theory.

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Bustamante Sánchez, Yolanda. "GESTIÓN AMBIENTAL EN LA UNIVERSIDAD. HACIA UN DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE." Gestión en el Tercer Milenio 12, no. 24 (2009): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/gtm.v12i24.8905.

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Ante los problemas que hoy en día aquejan a nuestro entorno como el cambio climático, contaminación del agua, suelo y aire; destrucción y disminución de bosques, reducción de la capa de ozono, emisión de gases contaminantes que atentan contra la supervivencia de los seres humanos y miles de otras especies vivientes, surge la universidad como centro de referencia para emprender acciones y gestiones sostenibles de sus actividades en el aspecto medio ambiental para las generaciones actuales y las venideras.

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Purnamasari, Rasti, Aman Simare-mare, and Sri Minda Murni. "Application Analysis of Buying and Selling Game to Grow the Language Development and Attitude of Entrepreneurs on Child Age 5-6 Years in Paud RA Al-Mahir." Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal 2, no. 4 (2019): 525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birle.v2i4.544.

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This study aims: (1) to analyze the design of buying and selling games in Paud (early childhood education programs) on language development. (2) Knowing the selling game design process to foster entrepreneurial attitudes in Paud. (3) Realizing the reason for buying and selling games can foster the development of language and entrepreneurial attitudes. This type of research is a descriptive qualitative research that collects data directly at the source. Data analysis according to Miles and Huberman, namely: (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, (3) inference and vertification. The results obtained from this study prove that the game of buying and selling can foster language development and entrepreneurial attitudes carried out on 3 children, namely 2 boys and one child is a girl. This research was conducted at Paud RA Al-Mahir Deliserdang.

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Dag, Fatih Mehmet, and Ozgur Tamer. "Conceptual Design of Low Altitude Unmanned Small Hybrid Airship." International Research Journal of Electronics and Computer Engineering 4, no. 1 (2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/irjece.2018.4.1.11.

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In the last two decades, popularity of Unmanned Air Systems (UAS) are at their peaks. Their capacities and abilities are advancing day by day in parallel with development of science and technology. They are doing almost everything what conventional aircrafts are doing except passenger transfer, for now. Despite an UAS can be controlled from thousands of miles away, they are still limited in range and endurance because of their energy storage capacities. Most of the energy sources of an aircraft is used against to gravitational force. However, Lighter Than Air(LTA) gases like helium, hydrogen etc. provides an option to aircrafts using lifting capacity of these gases and combination of lifting capacity of LTA gases and mechanical forces produced by engines allows engineers to create hybrid airships. Hybrid Airships gains flight altitude by using static lifting force of lighter than air gases in addition of the mechanical force which is produced by the propulsion system of the vehicle. Engines makes necessary maneuver with direction units to control the airship in all directions. Static lift from the LTA gases provide additional payload capacity to vehicle without consuming energy. Therefore, unlike the conventional aircrafts, hybrid airship has more flight duration than the others and more payload capacity. Aim of this work is, developing a low-cost small hybrid airship by using static lift force of the lighter than air gases and present to advantages of hybrid aircrafts.

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MANSIKKASALO, JARMO. "Improving energy efficiency of existing recovery boilers." February 2015 14, no. 2 (2015): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj14.2.105.

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Due to the increased global energy demand, increased electricity price, and incentives for renewable energy, it is in many cases profitable to maximize electricity output both from power boilers and from recovery boilers. Another motive for maximizing electricity output from recovery boilers is to decrease fuel input to power boilers. In cases where the saved fuel is fossil fuel, the carbon footprint of the mill can be decreased as well. In recent years, many different electricity efficiency increasing features have been installed on new and existing recovery boilers. In this paper, these recovery boiler-related, so-called high power features are applied to existing recovery boilers. The goal is to show how different kinds of mills with existing recovery boilers benefit from high power features. Some of these features can have certain limitations due to constraints set by the existing boilers, and these limiting factors are also discussed. In this study, electricity generation of two example cases are calculated with the following high power features: high black liquor dry solids, air preheating, fully pressurized feedwater tank, feedwater preheating, heat recovery from vent gases, heat recovery from flue gases, and high main steam parameters.

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Habets, Leo, and Willie Driessen. "Anaerobic treatment of pulp and paper mill effluents – status quo and new developments." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 6 (2007): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.232.

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Since the early 1980s, anaerobic treatment of industrial effluents has found widespread application in the pulp and paper industry. Over 200 installations are treating a large variety of different pulp and paper mill effluents. Amongst various anaerobic systems the UASB and IC are the most applied anaerobic reactor systems. Anaerobic treatment is well feasible for effluents originated from recycle paper mills, mechanical pulping (peroxide bleached), semi-chemical pulping and sulphite and kraft evaporator condensates. The advantages of anaerobic pre-treatment are (1) net production of renewable energy (biogas), (2) minimized bio-solids production, (3) minimal footprint and (4) reduced emission of greenhouse gases. Via in-line application of anaerobic treatment in closed circuits (paper kidney technology) further savings on cost of fresh water intake and effluent discharge levies are generated.

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Gorlova, Nina N. "THE USE OF CATALYTIC NEUTRALIZATION FOR THE PURIFICATION OF EXHAUST GASES FROM MARINE POWER PLANTS IN AN AGGRESSIVE ENVIRONMENT." Russian Journal of Water Transport, no. 62 (March 10, 2020): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37890/jwt.vi62.46.

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Among the methods used, the most effective, from the point of view of the quality of cleaning from the main harmful substances, is catalytic neutralization. The effectiveness of using this method is largely determined by the properties and characteristics of the used catalytic material. Selection of the appropriate composition determines the provision of physical, physico-mechanical and corrosive properties of the used catalytic materials. In this regard, the possibilities of using steel oxide and molding clay as basic components in the charge of the material were studied. In order to reduce the cost of the treatment system, the possibility of replacing valuable expensive components with ore mills of the appropriate composition was considered.As a result of the studies, the optimal qualitative and quantitative composition of the charge of the catalytic material was determined.

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D’Alessandro, W., L. Brusca, M. Martelli, A. Rizzo, and K. Kyriakopoulos. "GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF NATURAL GAS MANIFESTATIONS IN GREECE." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 5 (2017): 2327. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11633.

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The Greek region is characterized by intense geodynamic activity with widespread volcanic, geothermal and seismic activity. Its complex geology is reflected in the large variety of chemical and isotopic composition of its gas manifestations. Basing on their chemical composition the gases can be subdivided in three groups, respectively CO2, CH4 or N2-dominated. On oxygen-free basis these three gases make up more than 97% of the total composition. The only exceptions are fumarolic gases of Nisyros that contain substantial amounts of H2S (up to more than 20%) and one sample of Milos that contains 15% of H2. CO2-dominated gases with clear mantle contribution in their He isotopic composition (R/Ra corrected for air contamination ranging from 0.5 to 5.7) are found along the subduction-related south Aegean active volcanic arc and on the Greek mainland close to recent (upper Miocene to Pleistocene) volcanic centers. These areas are generally characterized by active or recent extensive tectonic activity and high geothermal gradients. On the contrary, gases sampled in the more external nappes of the Hellenide orogen have generally a CH4- or N2-rich compositions and helium isotope composition with a dominant crustal contribution (R/Ra corr < 0.2). The chemical and isotopic characteristics of the emitted gas display therefore a clear relationshipwith the different geodynamic sectors of the region. Gas geochemistry of the area contributes to a better definition of the crust-mantle setting of the Hellenic region.

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Chiesa, Paolo, and Stefano Consonni. "Natural Gas Fired Combined Cycles With Low CO2 Emissions." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 122, no. 3 (2000): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1287496.

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This paper assesses performances and economic viability of CO2 removal by chemical absorption from the flue gases of natural gas-fired Combined Cycles, more specifically for two configurations: one where CO2 is removed ahead of the stack without modifying the power cycle; the other where part of the flue gases is recirculated to the gas turbine, thereby reducing the flow to be treated by chemical absorption. In both cases sequestered CO2 is made available at conditions suitable to storage into deep oceanic waters. Performances and cost of electricity are evaluated for systems based on large, heavy-duty turbines representative of state-of-the-art “FA” technology. Carbon sequestration reduces net plant efficiency and power output by about 10 percent and increases the cost of electricity from 36 to about 50 mills/kWh. Flue gas recirculation warrants slightly higher efficiencies and lower costs. CO2 removal is eventually compared with other strategies for the reduction of CO2 emissions, like switching existing coal-fired steam plants to natural gas or replacing existing steam plants with conventional CCs. At current fuel prices the latter appears the option of choice, with a cost of about $25 per tonn of avoided CO2 emission. [S0742-4795(00)02803-9]

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Kravets, Taras, Yevhen Miroshnychenko, and Andrii Kapustianskyi. "Enhancement of Technical and Economic Indicators of Power-Generating Units of Thermal Power Plants by Eliminating Flue Gas Recirculation." Energy Engineering and Control Systems 7, no. 1 (2021): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jeecs2021.01.026.

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Boiler units at Ukrainian thermal power plants need to be modernized or replaced in the short run, as this is important for the national energy security. The authors determined one of possible ways to improve the efficiency indicators of coal-fired boiler units and power generating units as a whole up to the values exceeding the design ones. This variant of improvement consists in abandoning the technology of using flue gas as drying agent in pulverized coal systems and replacing it with direct discharge of the gas flow into the boiler furnace. Numerous computations were carried out to study the change of efficiency indicators and manoeuvrability of power generating units due to the replacement of the ball mill pulverizing system using flue gases for coal drying with the scheme including ball-and-race mills that use hot air as drying agent.

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Peiter, Carlos Cesar, and Maria Martha Gameiro. "The Padua Natural Stone Cluster: From the Corrals to the Olympic Boulevard." Key Engineering Materials 848 (June 2020): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.848.119.

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The Santo Antonio de Padua natural stone cluster in the state of Rio de Janeiro is considered one of the most successful small mining initiatives in Brazil, having seen the creation of around 150 small- and medium-sized companies operating quarries and stone saw mills. Initially used as corral flooring material, the natural stone was later used in large urban projects such as the Porto Maravilha, a project supported by the city of Rio de Janeiro to modernize the city port before the 2016 Olympic Games. Such a step forward was made possible by a multistakeholder approach that brought together local stone business representatives, government agencies, non-governmental institutions, and other authorities that supported a regional development plan stablishing natural stone production as a priority. This paper describes historical events associated with the development of the Padua stone cluster that may offer practical examples for similar initiatives worldwide.

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Pathak, Puneet, Varun Kumar, Nishi Kant Bhardwaj, and Chhavi Sharma. "Slime control in paper mill using biological agents as biocides." Physical Sciences Reviews 6, no. 6 (2021): 149–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psr-2019-0049.

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Abstract The environmental conditions of paper mills are suitable for the growth of slime-forming microorganisms due to the supply of nutrients, favorable temperature, and moisture. The slime formation causes the spoilage of raw materials & additives, breaks in the paper during papermaking, loss of production, reduces the hygienic quality of the end products, produces off-spec and rejected products, creates microbiological corrosion, and produces harmful gases. The main microorganisms are Bacteria (mainly Bacillus spp., Achromobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Clostridium, etc.), Fungi (Aspergillus, Penicillium, Saccharomyces, etc.), and Algae. Besides the use of conventional toxic chemical biocides or slimicides, slime formation can also be controlled in an eco-friendly way using enzymes, bacteriophages, biodispersants, and biocontrol agents alone or along with biocides to remove the slime. Enzymes have shown their effectiveness over conventional chemicals due to nontoxic and biodegradable nature to provide clean and sustainable technology. Globally enzymes are being used at some of the paper mills and many enzymatic products are presently being prepared and under the trail at laboratory scale. The specificity of enzymes to degrade a specific substrate is the main drawback of controlling the mixed population of microorganisms present in slime. The enzyme has the potential to provide the chemical biocide-free solution as a useful alternative in the future with the development of new technologies. Microorganisms control in the paper mill may appear as a costly offer but the cost of uncontrolled microbial growth can be much higher leading to slime production and large economic drain.

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Rafida, Tien, and Jamilah Jamilah. "Implementation of Thematic Learning in Increasing Cognitive Development and Children Language in Raudhatul Atfhal Rahmat Islamiyah Medan." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (2020): 1023–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i2.967.

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The objectives of this study are: (1) thematic learning planning in Raudhatul Athfal Rahmat Islamiyah Medan, (2) implementation of thematic learning in improving children's cognitive and language development in Raudhatul Athfal Rahmat Islamiyah Medan, (3) evaluation of thematic learning in Raudhatul Athfal Rahmat Islamiyah Medan , and (4) supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation of thematic learning in Raudhatul Atfhal Rahmat Islamiyah Medan. This research method is qualitative conducted at Raudhatul Atfhal Rahmat Islamiyah Medan. Instrument data collection is done by interview, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques used Miles and Huberman models, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The research findings show: (1) Thematic learning planning conducted by Raudhatul Atfhal Rahmat Islamiyah Medan teacher by preparing the learning implementation plan at the beginning of the semester by referring to the applicable Raudhatul Atfhal curriculum, (2) implementing thematic learning at Raudhatul Atfhal Rahmat Islamiyah The terrain is done with varied learning methods by using various kinds of games such as remembering names, achievement games, motion games, construction games and also playing roles, (3) evaluation of learning on thematic learning at Raudhatul Atfhal Rahmat Islamiyah Medan by giving a portfolio, in this case evaluated changes in behavior, children can also experience cognitive and language improvement after participating in the thematic learning process, and (4) there are supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation of thematic learning but the obstacles can still be well addressed.

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Brown, Melissa Shani, and Nichola Lucy Partridge. "‘Strangely Like a Person’: Cole and the Queering of Asexuality in Dragon Age: Inquisition." Sexuality & Culture 25, no. 3 (2021): 1005–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12119-020-09806-5.

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AbstractIn this article we consider the representation of the character Cole in Bioware’s Dragon Age: Inquisition (Electronic Arts, San Mateo, 2014), focusing upon how his asexuality is treated by other characters and its significance within his narrative arc. As well as contributing to the discussion of the representation of sexualities and gender within games, we seek to add to the ‘representational archive of asexuality’ (Cerankowski and Milks, Asexualities: Feminist and Queer Perspectives, Routledge, Abingdon, p 40, 2014), including games as media depicting and defining asexuality through fictional characterisation. We argue that it is particularly through humour that Cole is marked as being ambiguously set apart from the other characters in the game, and is infantilized as a ‘boy’ rather than a young man. Within a party of diverse genders, sexualities and indeed species, Cole’s absent interest in sex is treated as though it were something strange and in need of being overcome for Cole to become fully ‘human’. Beyond the scope of this game, this raises further questions for the representation of asexuality within media culture, and broader cultural discourses concerning whether asexuality is conceived of as being within the bounds of both masculinity and human normality.

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Melnic, Vlad. "The Remediation of the Epic in Digital Games: The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim." American, British and Canadian Studies 30, no. 1 (2018): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abcsj-2018-0009.

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Abstract This paper examines whether certain computer games, most notably RPGs, can be thought of as examples of the postmodern epic. Drawing on more recent critical frameworks of the epic, such as the ones proposed by Northrop Frye, Adeline Johns-Putra, Catherine Bates or John Miles Foley, the demonstration disembeds the most significant diachronic features of the epic from its two main media of reproduction, that of text and oral transmission, in order to test their fusion with the virtual environment of digital games. More specifically, I employ the concept of “epic mode” in order to explain the relevance of The Elder Scrolls: Skyrim for the history of the epic typology, which must now be understood as transmedial. I illustrate the manner in which this representative title assimilates the experience and performance of the epic, as well as several meaningful shifts in terms of genre theory, the most notable of which is an intrinsic posthuman quality. The experience of play inherent to Skyrim does not only validate the latter as an authentic digital epic of contemporary culture, but it also enhances the content, role and impact of the typology itself, which is yet far from falling into disuse.1

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Hu, Peng, Sagar Chakraborty, Amit Kumar, et al. "Integrated bioprocess for conversion of gaseous substrates to liquids." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 14 (2016): 3773–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516867113.

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In the quest for inexpensive feedstocks for the cost-effective production of liquid fuels, we have examined gaseous substrates that could be made available at low cost and sufficiently large scale for industrial fuel production. Here we introduce a new bioconversion scheme that effectively converts syngas, generated from gasification of coal, natural gas, or biomass, into lipids that can be used for biodiesel production. We present an integrated conversion method comprising a two-stage system. In the first stage, an anaerobic bioreactor converts mixtures of gases of CO2 and CO or H2 to acetic acid, using the anaerobic acetogen Moorella thermoacetica. The acetic acid product is fed as a substrate to a second bioreactor, where it is converted aerobically into lipids by an engineered oleaginous yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica. We first describe the process carried out in each reactor and then present an integrated system that produces microbial oil, using synthesis gas as input. The integrated continuous bench-scale reactor system produced 18 g/L of C16-C18 triacylglycerides directly from synthesis gas, with an overall productivity of 0.19 g⋅L−1⋅h−1 and a lipid content of 36%. Although suboptimal relative to the performance of the individual reactor components, the presented integrated system demonstrates the feasibility of substantial net fixation of carbon dioxide and conversion of gaseous feedstocks to lipids for biodiesel production. The system can be further optimized to approach the performance of its individual units so that it can be used for the economical conversion of waste gases from steel mills to valuable liquid fuels for transportation.

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Papavasiliou, K., P. Voudouris, C. Kanellopoulos, D. Alfieris, and S. Xydous. "MINERALOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE TRIADESGALANA PB-ZN-AG-AU INTERMEDIATE-HIGH SULFIDATION EPITHERMAL MINERALIZATION, MILOS ISLAND, GREECE." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 50, no. 4 (2017): 1969. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11943.

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The Triades-Galana Pb-Zn-Ag-Au mineralization is a shallow-submarine epithermal mineralization located along NE-trending faults, NW Milos Island, Greece. It is hosted in 2.5–1.4 Ma pyroclastic rocks and is genetically related to andesitic/dacitic lava domes. Mineralization occurs as breccias, quartz-barite galena veins and stockworks within sericite-adularia or kaolinitic altered rocks. The mineralization is enriched in Mo, W and base- and precious metals (e.g. Pb, Zn, Ag) similarly to the neighbouring mineralization at Kondaros-Katsimouti and Vani, indicating common source of metals from a deep buried granitoid feeding western Milos with metals and volatiles. Paragenetic relations suggest early deposition of pyrite, followed by famatinite, polybasite and Ag-rich tetrahedrite, and then by enargite, suggesting fluctuating sulfidation states during ore formation. The evolution from Sb- towards As-rich enrichment indicate a renewed magmatic pulse (probably in the form of magmatic gases) in the hydrothermal system. Silver is present in the structure of sulfosalts (up to 66.2 wt.% in polybasite-pearceite, 15.1 wt.% in tetrahedrite and 60 wt. % in pyrargyrite). Boiling processes (as evidenced by the presence of adularia accompanying intermediate-sulfidation ore) and mixing with seawater (presence of hypogene lead chlorides) and contemporaneous uplift, contributed to ore formation.

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Ehrenberg, Rachel. "Environment: For food's ecological impact, meat means more than miles: ‘Buying local’ has small effect on greenhouse gases." Science News 173, no. 17 (2008): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scin.2008.5591731714.

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Suksaroj, Thunwadee Tachapattaworakul, Sutisa Yaeed, and Chaisri Suksaroj. "The effect of POME ultrasonication pretreatment on biogas production and reduction of greenhouse gases emissions from wastewater treatment units of palm oil mills." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 201 (2020): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2020.26163.

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Roscoe, Eric G. "TAXING VIRTUAL WORLDS: CAN THE IRS PWN YOU?" Pittsburgh Journal of Technology Law and Policy 12 (April 13, 2012): 50–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/tlp.2012.92.

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This article examines whether the transactions between players of online virtual world games can give rise to taxable events. It also compares two earlier articles on the same topic, and argues that the intellectually pure conclusion is that every transaction in virtual worlds creates a taxable event. While the article concludes that the events are taxable, it argues that similar to frequent flier miles, the income from a virtual transaction should not be taxed until it is converted to real world currency. The IRS has implemented Section 6050W designed to require companies like PayPal to report the transactions of their biggest customers. The rules are applicable to virtual world players, but do not perform a sufficient function of ensuring reporting compliance because the number of transactions required to trigger a report are far too high.

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Restrepo, Jaime, and Luz Elena Vinasco. "Evaluación fisicoquímica de la fracción lipídica de las semillas de Guanábana (Annona Muricata) y la Chirimoya (Annona Cherimolia)." Revista de Ciencias 14 (May 28, 2011): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/rc.v14i0.658.

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Las semillas de guanábana (Annona muricata) y chirimoya (Annona cherimolia) son residuos del procesamiento industrial de estos frutos, que alcanzan miles de toneladas por año, convirtiéndose en un factor de contaminación ambiental. A pesar de que varios estudios muestran que las Anonáceas tienen efectos farmacológicos benéficos, por ejemplo contra algunos tipos de cáncer, parece que las semillas no tuvieran utilidad alguna. No obstante, esta investigación muestraque poseen un contenido de aceite (22%) similar a las semillas de algodón (23%) y la soya (18%) y más alto que el maíz (5%). Además, los análisis fisicoquímicos de los extractos lipídicos, que incluyen la cromatografía de gases, revelan la presencia de ácidos grasos como el oleico, linoleico y linolénico, estos dos últimos esenciales en la dieta humana, en concentraciones equiparables con las de otras oleaginosas comerciales.

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Islam, Samsul, Yangyan Shi, Jashim Uddin Ahmed, and Mohammad Jasim Uddin. "Minimization of empty container truck trips: insights into truck-sharing constraints." International Journal of Logistics Management 30, no. 2 (2019): 641–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-08-2018-0191.

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Purpose The issue of empty truck trips is largely ignored in the current literature. In order to cover this important research gap, the purpose of this paper is to explore, describe, categorize and rank the potential truck-sharing constraints for container trucks traveling empty around the port gates. Design/methodology/approach In order to contribute empirically to the current body of knowledge and understandings of truck-sharing constraints, this paper adopts a multi-method empirical approach involving both qualitative interviews and quantitative questionnaire surveys. Findings Among many key constraints that influence the future of truck-sharing opportunities, the authors determine, for example, that a carrier’s ability to earn the trust of its competitors is one of the top most important factors of success for a fruitful truck-sharing event. The problem is, perhaps, further complicated because of the increasing competitive environment in the container transport industry, as well as the lack of effective coordination between the key parties involved. Research limitations/implications None of the earlier studies has provided a broad understanding and ranking of the truck-sharing constraints that should be considered in truck-sharing events, although the empty trips issue has been limitedly mentioned in the recent academic literature. Practical implications Empty truck trips are wasted miles. Wasted empty miles decrease transport capacity in the container distribution chain along with causing an increase in carbon emission, traffic congestion, fuel consumption and environmental pollution. The research results can be used by policy makers to underpin effective measures to prevent the low utilization of trucks. Originality/value This study addresses an important gap. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study in the area that ranks truck-sharing constraints to reduce empty trucks trips.

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Wells, Ray E., Richard J. Blakely, and Sean Bemis. "Northward migration of the Oregon forearc on the Gales Creek fault." Geosphere 16, no. 2 (2020): 660–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02177.1.

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Abstract The Gales Creek fault (GCF) is a 60-km-long, northwest-striking dextral fault system (west of Portland, Oregon) that accommodates northward motion and uplift of the Oregon Coast Range. New geologic mapping and geophysical models confirm inferred offsets from earlier geophysical surveys and document ∼12 km of right-lateral offset of a basement high in Eocene Siletz River Volcanics since ca. 35 Ma and ∼8.8 km of right-lateral separation of Miocene Columbia River Basalt at Newberg, Oregon, since 15 Ma (∼0.62 ± 0.12 mm/yr, average long-term rate). Relative uplift of Eocene Coast Range basalt basement west of the fault zone is at least 5 km based on depth to basement under the Tualatin Basin from a recent inversion of gravity data. West of the city of Forest Grove, the fault consists of two subparallel strands ∼7 km apart. The westernmost, Parsons Creek strand, forms a linear valley southward to Henry Hagg Lake, where it continues southward to Newberg as a series of en echelon strands forming both extensional and compressive step-overs. Compressive step-overs in the GCF occur at intersections with ESE-striking sinistral faults crossing the Coast Range, suggesting the GCF is the eastern boundary of an R′ Riedel shear domain that could accommodate up to half of the ∼45° of post–40 Ma clockwise rotation of the Coast Range documented by paleomagnetic studies. Gravity and magnetic anomalies suggest the western strands of the GCF extend southward beneath Newberg into the Northern Willamette Valley, where colinear magnetic anomalies have been correlated with the Mount Angel fault, the proposed source of the 1993 M 5.7 Scotts Mills earthquake. The potential-field data and water-well data also indicate the eastern, Gales Creek strand of the fault may link to the NNW-striking Canby fault through the E-W Beaverton fault to form a 30-km-wide compressive step-over along the south side of the Tualatin Basin. LiDAR data reveal right-lateral stream offsets of as much as 1.5 km, shutter ridges, and other youthful geomorphic features for 60 km along the geophysical and geologic trace of the GCF north of Newberg, Oregon. Paleoseismic trenches document Eocene bedrock thrust over 250 ka surficial deposits along a reverse splay of the fault system near Yamhill, Oregon, and Holocene motion has been recently documented on the GCF along Scoggins Creek and Parsons Creek. The GCF could produce earthquakes in excess of Mw 7, if the entire 60 km segment ruptured in one earthquake. The apparent subsurface links of the GCF to other faults in the Northern Willamette Valley suggest that other faults in the system may also be active.

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Qiu, Zhizhan, Maxim Trushin, Hanyan Fang, et al. "Giant gate-tunable bandgap renormalization and excitonic effects in a 2D semiconductor." Science Advances 5, no. 7 (2019): eaaw2347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw2347.

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Understanding the remarkable excitonic effects and controlling the exciton binding energies in two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors are crucial in unlocking their full potential for use in future photonic and optoelectronic devices. Here, we demonstrate large excitonic effects and gate-tunable exciton binding energies in single-layer rhenium diselenide (ReSe2) on a back-gated graphene device. We used scanning tunneling spectroscopy and differential reflectance spectroscopy to measure the quasiparticle electronic and optical bandgap of single-layer ReSe2, respectively, yielding a large exciton binding energy of 520 meV. Further, we achieved continuous tuning of the electronic bandgap and exciton binding energy of monolayer ReSe2 by hundreds of milli–electron volts through electrostatic gating, attributed to tunable Coulomb interactions arising from the gate-controlled free carriers in graphene. Our findings open a new avenue for controlling the bandgap renormalization and exciton binding energies in 2D semiconductors for a wide range of technological applications.

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Häggström, Kimona, Magnus Gunnarsson, Katarina Bremert-Jirholm, and Nina Simic. "Method for analysis of ClO2 and Cl2 air emissions from pulp mill." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 34, no. 1 (2019): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2018-0012.

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Abstract Chlorine dioxide is commonly used as a bleaching agent in kraft pulp mills. Scrubbers are required to remove any remaining ClO2 from the plant tail gases. To control the air emissions of chlorine compounds, chlorine dioxide and chlorine contents must be monitored to ensure that the strict regulatory standards are met. However, the currently used analytical method is not suitable for detection of low concentrations of chlorine and chlorine dioxide. A new method for measuring chlorine dioxide and chlorine emissions was developed, which ensures compliance with the stringent requirements imposed by the authorities. The two species could be measured separately with a limit of quantification of 3 ppm. The method was robust and easy to use in the pulp mill environment and it was validated both in the laboratory and the field. The specificity of the method was demonstrated, Cl2 analysis was not sensitive to the presence of ClO2 and vice versa. The uncertainty (±2×RSD) of the analytical method in the field was estimated from duplicate measurements performed in the range of 3–500 ppm for ClO2 and 3–300 ppm for Cl2, and was found to be ±20 % and ±10 %, respectively. Possible interferences in the analytical method are also discussed.

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Owoyemi, Jacob Mayowa, Habeeb Olawale Zakariya, and Isa Olalekan Elegbede. "Sustainable wood waste management in Nigeria." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 4, no. 3 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/environ-2016-0012.

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Abstract Wood industries produce large volumes of residues which must be utilized, marketed or properly disposed of. Heaps of wood residues are common features in wood industries throughout the year. In Nigeria, this residue is generally regarded as waste and this has led to open burning practices, dumping in water bodies or dumping in an open area which constitutes environmental pollution. Sawmills in Nigeria generated over 1,000,000 m3 of wood waste in 2010 while about 5000 m3 of waste was generated in plywood mills. Nigeria generates about 1.8 million tons of sawdust annually and 5.2 million tons of wood wastes. The impact of improper disposal of waste wood on the environment affects both the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Also burning of waste wood releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere causing various health issues. Reuse/recycling of these wood residues in Nigeria will reduce the pressure on our ever decreasing forests, reduce environmental pollution, create wealth and employment. The literature available on this subject was reviewed and this article, therefore, focuses on the various methods of wood waste disposal and its utilization in Nigerian wood industries, the effects of wood waste on the environment as well as on human health and the benefits of proper wood waste management practices.

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Schneider-Zapp, K., M. E. Salter, and R. C. Upstill-Goddard. "An automated gas exchange tank for determining gas transfer velocities in natural seawater samples." Ocean Science 10, no. 4 (2014): 587–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-10-587-2014.

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Abstract. In order to advance understanding of the role of seawater surfactants in the air–sea exchange of climatically active trace gases via suppression of the gas transfer velocity (kw), we constructed a fully automated, closed air–water gas exchange tank and coupled analytical system. The system allows water-side turbulence in the tank to be precisely controlled with an electronically operated baffle. Two coupled gas chromatographs and an integral equilibrator, connected to the tank in a continuous gas-tight system, allow temporal changes in the partial pressures of SF6, CH4 and N2O to be measured simultaneously in the tank water and headspace at multiple turbulence settings, during a typical experimental run of 3.25 h. PC software developed by the authors controls all operations and data acquisition, enabling the optimisation of experimental conditions with high reproducibility. The use of three gases allows three independent estimates of kw for each turbulence setting; these values are subsequently normalised to a constant Schmidt number for direct comparison. The normalised kw estimates show close agreement. Repeated experiments with Milli-Q water demonstrate a typical measurement accuracy of 4% for kw. Experiments with natural seawater show that the system clearly resolves the effects on kw of spatial and temporal trends in natural surfactant activity. The system is an effective tool with which to probe the relationships between kw, surfactant activity and biogeochemical indices of primary productivity, and should assist in providing valuable new insights into the air–sea gas exchange process.

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Yu, Tai Yi, I. Cheng Chang, Mei Yin Hwa, and Li Teh Lu. "Estimation of Air Pollutant Emissions from Mobile Sources with Three Emission Factors Models." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 2378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.2378.

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Vehicle emissions from mobile sources are major contributors to air pollution and varied with vehicle types, vehicle styles, traveled miles, temperature, oil types and the methods of operation and management. This study performs three emission factor models, Mobile-Taiwan 2, Mobile6.2 and EFDB to calculate emission factor of mobile sources from year 1986 to 2011. The emissions of primary air pollutants, MIRs and CO2emitted from mobile sources were calculated. The contribution ratios of varied vehicle types for different air pollutants would be compared and analyzed. Estimated emissions from mobile sources were 32.2, 177, 643, 197 and 401 kilotons/y for PM10, NOx, CO, THC and MIR for 2000; 31.3, 115, 305, 114 and 227 kilotons/y for 2011. Emissions of traditional air pollutants presented a decreasing trend because of fourth-stage emission standards for mobiles sources and CO2 revealed an increasing trend. According to presented control technology for greenhouse gases on mobile sources, ratio of emission for year 2011 to 2000 would be 1.38-1.49.

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Cano Ramírez, Omar Ernesto. "Capitalismo fósil en el siglo XXI: mecanismos económicos, energéticos, militares y elitistas para desencadenar el colapso planetario." Estudios Latinoamericanos, no. 44 (December 7, 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fcpys.24484946e.2019.44.77199.

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<p>Esta investigación aborda los mecanismos estructurales que mantienen la quema de combustibles fósiles y las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero a nivel planetario, a pesar de que ya se conocen y se sufren sus efectos devastadores sobre el clima, la biosfera y la humanidad, y a pesar de las numerosas conferencias y negociaciones internacionales. Se parte de los estudios sobre capitalismo fósil elaborados por Elmar Altvater, Ian Angus y Andreas Malm para precisar el carácter capitalista y de clase de la crisis ambiental actual, mostrando que el origen del problema no es la “sobrepoblación” sino las actividades que imponen, y de las cuales se benefician las élites fósiles. Para ello se usan mediciones sobre aspectos económicos, energéticos, militares y de clase que mantienen (y mantendrán) la quema de combustibles fósiles durante el siglo XXI. Se proponen dos categorías para sintetizar el motor capitalista de esta “destrucción acumulada” y la responsabilidad objetiva de quienes han provocado y se han beneficiado de esta amenaza: 1) el complejo militar-industrial-fósil, y 2) las élites fósiles, ambas siguiendo la obra de C. Wright Mills. Finalmente, se muestra que de no frenar el despilfarro de energía en beneficio de las élites fósiles se estará desencadenando un colapso a nivel planetario que podría ser irreversible.</p>

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Journal articles on the topic 'Gates Mills'

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