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Journal articles on the topic 'Gating mechanism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Ulbricht, Mathias. "Gating mechanism under pressure." Nature 519, no. 7541 (2015): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/519041a.

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Csanády, László. "Application of rate-equilibrium free energy relationship analysis to nonequilibrium ion channel gating mechanisms." Journal of General Physiology 134, no. 2 (2009): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200910268.

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Rate-equilibrium free energy relationship (REFER) analysis provides information on transition-state structures and has been applied to reveal the temporal sequence in which the different regions of an ion channel protein move during a closed–open conformational transition. To date, the theory used to interpret REFER relationships has been developed only for equilibrium mechanisms. Gating of most ion channels is an equilibrium process, but recently several ion channels have been identified to have retained nonequilibrium traits in their gating cycles, inherited from transporter-like ancestors.

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3

Enkvetchakul, D., and C. G. Nichols. "Gating Mechanism of KATP Channels." Journal of General Physiology 122, no. 5 (2003): 471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200308878.

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4

Fu, Tianmin. "Molecular Mechanism of TRPM2 Gating." Biophysical Journal 116, no. 3 (2019): 299a—300a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.1624.

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5

Zhao, Piao, Cheng Tang, Yuqin Yang, et al. "A new polymodal gating model of the proton-activated chloride channel." PLOS Biology 21, no. 9 (2023): e3002309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002309.

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The proton–activated chloride (PAC) channel plays critical roles in ischemic neuron death, but its activation mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we investigated the gating of PAC channels using its novel bifunctional modulator C77304. C77304 acted as a weak activator of the PAC channel, causing moderate activation by acting on its proton gating. However, at higher concentrations, C77304 acted as a weak inhibitor, suppressing channel activity. This dual function was achieved by interacting with 2 modulatory sites of the channel, each with different affinities and dependencies on the channel’s sta

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Elinder, Fredrik, and Peter Århem. "Metal ion effects on ion channel gating." Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics 36, no. 4 (2003): 373–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033583504003932.

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1. Introduction 3742. Metals in biology 3783. The targets: structure and function of ion channels 3804. General effects of metal ions on channels 3824.1 Three types of general effect 3824.2 The main regulators 3835. Effects on gating: mechanisms and models 3845.1 Screening surface charges (Mechanism A) 3875.1.1 The classical approach 3875.1.1.1 Applying the Grahame equation 3885.1.2 A one-site approach 3915.2 Binding and electrostatically modifying the voltage sensor (Mechanism B) 3915.2.1 The classical model 3915.2.1.1 The classical model as state diagram – introducing basic channel kinetics

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Navarro, Marco A., Lorin S. Milescu, and Mirela Milescu. "Unlocking the gating mechanism of Kv2.1 using guangxitoxin." Journal of General Physiology 151, no. 3 (2018): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201812254.

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8

Lopez, William, Jayalakshmi Ramachandran, Abdelaziz Alsamarah, Yun Luo, Andrew L. Harris, and Jorge E. Contreras. "Mechanism of gating by calcium in connexin hemichannels." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 49 (2016): E7986—E7995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1609378113.

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Aberrant opening of nonjunctional connexin hemichannels at the plasma membrane is associated with many diseases, including ischemia and muscular dystrophy. Proper control of hemichannel opening is essential to maintain cell viability and is achieved by physiological levels of extracellular Ca2+, which drastically reduce hemichannel activity. Here we examined the role of conserved charged residues that form electrostatic networks near the extracellular entrance of the connexin pore, a region thought to be involved in gating rearrangements of hemichannels. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate

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9

Bompadre, Silvia G., Tomohiko Ai, Jeong Han Cho, et al. "CFTR Gating I." Journal of General Physiology 125, no. 4 (2005): 361–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200409227.

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The CFTR chloride channel is activated by phosphorylation of serine residues in the regulatory (R) domain and then gated by ATP binding and hydrolysis at the nucleotide binding domains (NBDs). Studies of the ATP-dependent gating process in excised inside-out patches are very often hampered by channel rundown partly caused by membrane-associated phosphatases. Since the severed ΔR-CFTR, whose R domain is completely removed, can bypass the phosphorylation-dependent regulation, this mutant channel might be a useful tool to explore the gating mechanisms of CFTR. To this end, we investigated the reg

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10

Tiffner, Adéla, Lena Maltan, Sarah Weiß, and Isabella Derler. "The Orai Pore Opening Mechanism." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2 (2021): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020533.

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Cell survival and normal cell function require a highly coordinated and precise regulation of basal cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations. The primary source of Ca2+ entry into the cell is mediated by the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel. Its action is stimulated in response to internal Ca2+ store depletion. The fundamental constituents of CRAC channels are the Ca2+ sensor, stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) anchored in the endoplasmic reticulum, and a highly Ca2+-selective pore-forming subunit Orai1 in the plasma membrane. The precise nature of the Orai1 pore opening is currently a topi

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11

Tiffner, Adéla, Lena Maltan, Sarah Weiß, and Isabella Derler. "The Orai Pore Opening Mechanism." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2 (2021): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020533.

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Cell survival and normal cell function require a highly coordinated and precise regulation of basal cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations. The primary source of Ca2+ entry into the cell is mediated by the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel. Its action is stimulated in response to internal Ca2+ store depletion. The fundamental constituents of CRAC channels are the Ca2+ sensor, stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) anchored in the endoplasmic reticulum, and a highly Ca2+-selective pore-forming subunit Orai1 in the plasma membrane. The precise nature of the Orai1 pore opening is currently a topi

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12

García, Isaac E., Felipe Villanelo, Gustavo F. Contreras, et al. "The syndromic deafness mutation G12R impairs fast and slow gating in Cx26 hemichannels." Journal of General Physiology 150, no. 5 (2018): 697–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201711782.

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Mutations in connexin 26 (Cx26) hemichannels can lead to syndromic deafness that affects the cochlea and skin. These mutations lead to gain-of-function hemichannel phenotypes by unknown molecular mechanisms. In this study, we investigate the biophysical properties of the syndromic mutant Cx26G12R (G12R). Unlike wild-type Cx26, G12R macroscopic hemichannel currents do not saturate upon depolarization, and deactivation is faster during hyperpolarization, suggesting that these channels have impaired fast and slow gating. Single G12R hemichannels show a large increase in open probability, and tran

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13

Osteen, J. D., R. Barro-Soria, S. Robey, K. J. Sampson, R. S. Kass, and H. P. Larsson. "Allosteric gating mechanism underlies the flexible gating of KCNQ1 potassium channels." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 18 (2012): 7103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1201582109.

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14

Törnroth-Horsefield, Susanna, Yi Wang, Kristina Hedfalk, et al. "Structural mechanism of plant aquaporin gating." Nature 439, no. 7077 (2005): 688–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04316.

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15

Magleby, Karl L. "Gating Mechanism of BK (Slo1) Channels." Journal of General Physiology 121, no. 2 (2003): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.20028721.

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16

Clemens, Daniel M., Juan A. Freites, Karinne L. Németh-Cahalan, Douglas J. Tobias, and James E. Hall. "CaM Induced Gating Mechanism of AQP0." Biophysical Journal 102, no. 3 (2012): 397a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.2169.

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17

Beckstein, Oliver, Philip C. Biggin, and Mark S. P. Sansom. "A Hydrophobic Gating Mechanism for Nanopores." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 105, no. 51 (2001): 12902–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp012233y.

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18

Fahlke, Christoph, Christine Dürr, and Alfred L. George. "Mechanism of Ion Permeation in Skeletal Muscle Chloride Channels." Journal of General Physiology 110, no. 5 (1997): 551–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.110.5.551.

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Voltage-gated Cl− channels belonging to the ClC family exhibit unique properties of ion permeation and gating. We functionally probed the conduction pathway of a recombinant human skeletal muscle Cl− channel (hClC-1) expressed both in Xenopus oocytes and in a mammalian cell line by investigating block by extracellular or intracellular I− and related anions. Extracellular and intracellular I− exert blocking actions on hClC-1 currents that are both concentration and voltage dependent. Similar actions were observed for a variety of other halide (Br−) and polyatomic (SCN−, NO3−, CH3SO3−) anions. I

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19

Liu, Li Jun, and Ying Lei. "Mechanism of Bio-Inspired Ultrasensitive Low Frequency Sensor with Mechanics Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 252 (December 2012): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.252.162.

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It is essential to develop ultrasensitive low frequency sensors for efficient structural health monitoring and early warning of natural disasters. Many fishes have been reported to have acute sensitivity to low frequency. Based on the mechanism of the infrasound sensitivity of fish, mechanism of bio-inspired ultrasensitive low frequency sensor is explored by a mechanical model with gating spring hypothesis for simulating the mechanical-electricity transduction of the hair cell in fish ear. Numerical analyses of the mechanical model subject to static and dynamic loading are conducted respective

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20

Nordin, Nurhuda, Albert Guskov, Terri Phua, et al. "Exploring the structure and function of Thermotoga maritima CorA reveals the mechanism of gating and ion selectivity in Co2+/Mg2+ transport." Biochemical Journal 451, no. 3 (2013): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20121745.

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The CorA family of divalent cation transporters utilizes Mg2+ and Co2+ as primary substrates. The molecular mechanism of its function, including ion selectivity and gating, has not been fully characterized. Recently we reported a new structure of a CorA homologue from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, which provided novel structural details that offered the conception of a unique gating mechanism involving conversion of an open hydrophilic gate into a closed hydrophobic one. In the present study we report functional evidence for this novel gating mechanism in the Thermotoga maritima CorA together

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21

Kim, Kyu Min, Tharaka Wijerathne, Jin-Hoe Hur, et al. "Distinct gating mechanism of SOC channel involving STIM–Orai coupling and an intramolecular interaction of Orai in Caenorhabditis elegans." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 20 (2018): E4623—E4632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1714986115.

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Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), an important mechanism of Ca2+ signaling in a wide range of cell types, is mediated by stromal interaction molecule (STIM), which senses the depletion of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores and binds and activates Orai channels in the plasma membrane. This inside-out mechanism of Ca2+ signaling raises an interesting question about the evolution of SOCE: How did these two proteins existing in different cellular compartments evolve to interact with each other? We investigated the gating mechanism of Caenorhabditis elegans Orai channels. Our analysis revealed a

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22

Engh, Anita M., José D. Faraldo-Gómez, and Merritt Maduke. "The Mechanism of Fast-Gate Opening in ClC-0." Journal of General Physiology 130, no. 4 (2007): 335–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200709759.

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ClC-0 is a chloride channel whose gating is sensitive to both voltage and chloride. Based on analysis of gating kinetics using single-channel recordings, a five-state model was proposed to describe the dependence of ClC-0 fast-gate opening on voltage and external chloride (Chen, T.-Y., and C. Miller. 1996. J. Gen. Physiol. 108:237–250). We aimed to use this five-state model as a starting point for understanding the structural changes that occur during gating. Using macroscopic patch recordings, we were able to reproduce the effects of voltage and chloride that were reported by Chen and Miller

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23

Borschel, William F., Jason M. Myers, Eileen M. Kasperek, et al. "Gating reaction mechanism of neuronal NMDA receptors." Journal of Neurophysiology 108, no. 11 (2012): 3105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00551.2012.

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The activation mechanisms of recombinant N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NRs) have been established in sufficient detail to account for their single channel and macroscopic responses; however, the reaction mechanism of native NRs remains uncertain due to indetermination of the isoforms expressed and possible neuron-specific factors. To delineate the activation mechanism of native NRs, we examined the kinetic properties of currents generated by individual channels located at the soma of cultured rat neurons. Cells were dissociated from the embryonic cerebral cortex or hippocampus, and on-cell s

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24

Shim, Jeong-Yon. "Expert-Knowledge Gating Mechanism in the Hierarchical Modular System." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 8, no. 4 (2004): 410–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2004.p0410.

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To maximize the efficiency of knowledge learning, it is essential that the knowledge system itself be well structured. Well designed knowledge systems make easy to access for knowledge acquisition and extraction. Expert knowledge plays a role controlling. We propose a Hierarchical modular system with an expert-knowledge gating mechanism that consists of mechanisms for acquiring knowledge, constructing associative memory and enabling knowledge inference and extraction based on expert-knowledge gating. We applied this to medical diagnostics for classifying Viruses (coxackie, echovirus and cold v

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25

Wang, Longfei, Tian-Min Fu, Yiming Zhou, Shiyu Xia, Anna Greka, and Hao Wu. "Structures and gating mechanism of human TRPM2." Science 362, no. 6421 (2018): eaav4809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aav4809.

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Transient receptor potential (TRP) melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a cation channel associated with numerous diseases. It has a C-terminal NUDT9 homology (NUDT9H) domain responsible for binding adenosine diphosphate (ADP)–ribose (ADPR), and both ADPR and calcium (Ca2+) are required for TRPM2 activation. Here we report cryo–electron microscopy structures of human TRPM2 alone, with ADPR, and with ADPR and Ca2+. NUDT9H forms both intra- and intersubunit interactions with the N-terminal TRPM homology region (MHR1/2/3) in the apo state but undergoes conformational changes upon ADPR binding, resulting in ro

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26

Jones, Lisa P., Shao-kui Wei та David T. Yue. "Mechanism of Auxiliary Subunit Modulation of Neuronal α1E Calcium Channels". Journal of General Physiology 112, № 2 (1998): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.112.2.125.

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Voltage-gated calcium channels are composed of a main pore-forming α1 moiety, and one or more auxiliary subunits (β, α2δ) that modulate channel properties. Because modulatory properties may vary greatly with different channels, expression systems, and protocols, it is advantageous to study subunit regulation with a uniform experimental strategy. Here, in HEK 293 cells, we examine the expression and activation gating of α1E calcium channels in combination with a β (β1–β4) and/or the α2δ subunit, exploiting both ionic- and gating-current measurements. Furthermore, to explore whether more than on

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27

Giangiacomo, Kathleen M., Augustus Kamassah, Guy Harris, and Owen B. McManus. "Mechanism of Maxi-K Channel Activation by Dehydrosoyasaponin-I." Journal of General Physiology 112, no. 4 (1998): 485–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.112.4.485.

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Dehydrosoyasaponin-I (DHS-I) is a potent activator of high-conductance, calcium-activated potassium (maxi-K) channels. Interaction of DHS-I with maxi-K channels from bovine aortic smooth muscle was studied after incorporating single channels into planar lipid bilayers. Nanomolar amounts of intracellular DHS-I caused the appearance of discrete episodes of high channel open probability interrupted by periods of apparently normal activity. Statistical analysis of these periods revealed two clearly separable gating modes that likely reflect binding and unbinding of DHS-I. Kinetic analysis of durat

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Liu, Huawen, Xueting Zhao, Ning Jia, et al. "Engineering of thermo-/pH-responsive membranes with enhanced gating coefficients, reversible behaviors and self-cleaning performance through acetic acid boosted microgel assembly." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 25 (2018): 11874–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta04010a.

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29

Nureki, O. "Gating Control; Mechanism of Magnesium Transporter MgtE." Journal of Proteomics & Bioinformatics S2, no. 01 (2008): 021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/jpb.s1000025.

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30

Jensen, M. O., V. Jogini, D. W. Borhani, A. E. Leffler, R. O. Dror, and D. E. Shaw. "Mechanism of Voltage Gating in Potassium Channels." Science 336, no. 6078 (2012): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1216533.

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31

Shin, Yeon-Kyun. "K+ channel gating mechanism proposed using EPR." Nature Structural Biology 5, no. 6 (1998): 418–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsb0698-418.

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32

Sukharev, Sergei, Stewart R. Durell, and H. Robert Guy. "Structural Models of the MscL Gating Mechanism." Biophysical Journal 81, no. 2 (2001): 917–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(01)75751-7.

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33

Sineshchekov, Oleg A., Elena G. Govorunova, Hai Li, and John L. Spudich. "Gating mechanisms of a natural anion channelrhodopsin." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 46 (2015): 14236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1513602112.

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Anion channelrhodopsins (ACRs) are a class of light-gated channels recently identified in cryptophyte algae that provide unprecedented fast and powerful hyperpolarizing tools for optogenetics. Analysis of photocurrents generated byGuillardia thetaACR 1 (GtACR1) and its mutants in response to laser flashes showed thatGtACR1 gating comprises two separate mechanisms with opposite dependencies on the membrane voltage and pH and involving different amino acid residues. The first mechanism, characterized by slow opening and fast closing of the channel, is regulated by Glu-68. Neutralization of this

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34

Mao, Rui, and Xiao Li. "Bridging Towers of Multi-task Learning with a Gating Mechanism for Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis and Sequential Metaphor Identification." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 15 (2021): 13534–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i15.17596.

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Multi-task learning (MTL) has been widely applied in Natural Language Processing. A major task and its associated auxiliary tasks share the same encoder; hence, an MTL encoder can learn the sharing abstract information between the major and auxiliary tasks. Task-specific towers are then employed upon the sharing encoder to learn task-specific information. Previous works demonstrated that exchanging information between task-specific towers yielded extra gains. This is known as soft-parameter sharing MTL. In this paper, we propose a novel gating mechanism for the bridging of MTL towers. Our meth

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Zhang, Peiran, Chuyi Chen, Xingyu Su, et al. "Acoustic streaming vortices enable contactless, digital control of droplets." Science Advances 6, no. 24 (2020): eaba0606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba0606.

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Advances in lab-on-a-chip technologies are driven by the pursuit of programmable microscale bioreactors or fluidic processors that mimic electronic functionality, scalability, and convenience. However, few fluidic mechanisms allow for basic logic operations on rewritable fluidic paths due to cross-contamination, which leads to random interference between “fluidic bits” or droplets. Here, we introduce a mechanism that allows for contact-free gating of individual droplets based on the scalable features of acoustic streaming vortices (ASVs). By shifting the hydrodynamic equilibrium positions insi

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Robertson, Kindal M., and D. Peter Tieleman. "Molecular basis of voltage gating of OmpF porin." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 80, no. 5 (2002): 517–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o02-145.

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OmpF and PhoE from Escherichia coli and related homologous proteins from other Gram-negative bacteria allow the passive transport of small polar molecules across the bacterial outer membrane. In vitro, they exhibit voltage gating depending on the experimental conditions. We review current hypotheses on the underlying molecular mechanism of voltage gating of OmpF porin and show how computer simulations can be used to examine each of the proposed mechanisms. Key words: β-barrels, eyelet region, porins, E. coli, α-haemolysin.

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Akitake, Bradley, Andriy Anishkin, and Sergei Sukharev. "The “Dashpot” Mechanism of Stretch-dependent Gating in MscS." Journal of General Physiology 125, no. 2 (2005): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200409198.

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The crystal structure of the small conductance mechanosensitive channel (MscS) has been an invaluable tool in the search for the gating mechanism, however many functional aspects of the channel remain unsettled. Here we characterized the gating of MscS in Escherichia coli spheroplasts in a triple mutant (mscL−, mscS−, mscK−) background. We used a pressure clamp apparatus along with software developed in-lab to generate dose–response curves directly from two-channel recordings of current and pressure. In contrast to previous publications, we found that MscS exhibits essentially voltage-independ

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38

Li, Shi, Jihe Zhao, Xiao Wang, et al. "Preparation of polyethylene oxide single crystals via liquid gating technology and morphology design strategy." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 77, no. 5 (2021): 819–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520621008076.

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A novel type of liquid gating technology has been developed to prepare a polyethylene oxide (PEO) single-crystal film, and the crystal growth was observed via atomic force microscopy. The self-seeding method has been widely used in the preparation of polymer single crystals, but the mechanism through which single polymer crystals are formed via the combination of liquid gating technology and the self-seeding method remains unclear. To elucidate the mechanism of this process, a series of experiments were conducted in which a dilute polymer solution was sprayed onto a mica substrate to form a si

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Csanády, László, and Beáta Töröcsik. "Catalyst-like modulation of transition states for CFTR channel opening and closing: New stimulation strategy exploits nonequilibrium gating." Journal of General Physiology 143, no. 2 (2014): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201311089.

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Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the chloride ion channel mutated in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. It is an ATP-binding cassette protein, and its resulting cyclic nonequilibrium gating mechanism sets it apart from most other ion channels. The most common CF mutation (ΔF508) impairs folding of CFTR but also channel gating, reducing open probability (Po). This gating defect must be addressed to effectively treat CF. Combining single-channel and macroscopic current measurements in inside-out patches, we show here that the two effects of 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino

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40

Prof. Virendra Umale. "Design and Analysis of Low Power Dual Edge Triggered Mechanism Flip-Flop Employing Power Gating Methodology." International Journal of New Practices in Management and Engineering 6, no. 01 (2020): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijnpme.v6i01.53.

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The advancement of battery operated designs has abundantly increases the memory elements and registers to be operated in ultra-low power. That is the this paper we have proposed a design of CT_C DET flip-flop with power gating technique which is the most efficient power consuming reduction technique. The design of the power gating technique involves the pull-up transistor in the Vdd of the circuit and pull-down transistor in the ground terminal. This power gating technique reduces the power consumption by more than 40% than that of the existing design.

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41

Sánchez-Montañés, Manuel A., Paul F. M. J. Verschure, and Peter König. "Local and Global Gating of Synaptic Plasticity." Neural Computation 12, no. 3 (2000): 519–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976600300015682.

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Mechanisms influencing learning in neural networks are usually investigated on either a local or a global scale. The former relates to synaptic processes, the latter to unspecific modulatory systems. Here we study the interaction of a local learning rule that evaluates coincidences of pre- and postsynaptic action potentials and a global modulatory mechanism, such as the action of the basal forebrain onto cortical neurons. The simulations demonstrate that the interaction of these mechanisms leads to a learning rule supporting fast learning rates, stability, and flexibility. Furthermore, the sim

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42

Bryant, Sheenah, Tyler Clark, Christopher Thomas, et al. "Insights into the Voltage Regulation Mechanism of the Pore-Forming Toxin Lysenin." Toxins 10, no. 8 (2018): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins10080334.

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Lysenin, a pore forming toxin (PFT) extracted from Eisenia fetida, inserts voltage-regulated channels into artificial lipid membranes containing sphingomyelin. The voltage-induced gating leads to a strong static hysteresis in conductance, which endows lysenin with molecular memory capabilities. To explain this history-dependent behavior, we hypothesized a gating mechanism that implies the movement of a voltage domain sensor from an aqueous environment into the hydrophobic core of the membrane under the influence of an external electric field. In this work, we employed electrophysiology approac

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43

Srinivasan, P., S. Hariharan, P. Manikandan, S. Naveenkumar, N. Harish, and G. Balasubramanian. "Tribological Studies of Shrinkage Defect and Effective Yield Upgrade of Grey Cast-Iron Castings." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 10 (2022): 1388–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47196.

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Abstract: This study aims to examine the shrinkage flaw in grey cast iron. The poor gating system design, improper composition management, and solid sections with a high modulus (Volume/ Surface area) in the casting are the root causes of the shrinkage fault. The gating mechanism can first be redesigned in order to lessen shrinkage. A new gating system with a different chemical makeup is suggested. Grey cast iron's composition changed due to an increase in carbon content. Thus, proCAST is used to develop and analyze the gating system. Implementing the planned gating system in the foundry serve

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Li, Lehong, Xuehui Geng, and Peter Drain. "Open State Destabilization by Atp Occupancy Is Mechanism Speeding Burst Exit Underlying KATP Channel Inhibition by Atp." Journal of General Physiology 119, no. 1 (2002): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.119.1.105.

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The ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel is named after its characteristic inhibition by intracellular ATP. The inhibition is a centerpiece of how the KATP channel sets electrical signaling to the energy state of the cell. In the β cell of the endocrine pancreas, for example, ATP inhibition results from high blood glucose levels and turns on electrical activity leading to insulin release. The underlying gating mechanism (ATP inhibition gating) includes ATP stabilization of closed states, but the action of ATP on the open state of the channel is disputed. The original models of ATP inhibition

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Ben-Abu, Yuval. "Potassium Channel Gating Mechanism Modeled by Harmonic Oscillators." Proceedings 2, no. 1 (2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2010009.

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Bisset, David, Ben Corry, and Shin-Ho Chung. "The Fast Gating Mechanism in ClC-0 Channels." Biophysical Journal 89, no. 1 (2005): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.104.053447.

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Purohit, Prasad, Ananya Mitra, and Anthony Auerbach. "A stepwise mechanism for acetylcholine receptor channel gating." Nature 446, no. 7138 (2007): 930–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05721.

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Zhou, Huan-Xiang, Stanislaw T. Wlodek, and J. Andrew McCammon. "Conformation gating as a mechanism for enzyme specificity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 95, no. 16 (1998): 9280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.16.9280.

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Acetylcholinesterase, with an active site located at the bottom of a narrow and deep gorge, provides a striking example of enzymes with buried active sites. Recent molecular dynamics simulations showed that reorientation of five aromatic rings leads to rapid opening and closing of the gate to the active site. In the present study the molecular dynamics trajectory is used to quantitatively analyze the effect of the gate on the substrate binding rate constant. For a 2.4-Å probe modeling acetylcholine, the gate is open only 2.4% of the time, but the quantitative analysis reveals that the substrat

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Hoshi, Toshinori. "Mechanism of voltage-dependent gating in potassium channels." Neuroscience Research Supplements 19 (January 1994): S10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-8696(94)92294-2.

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Purohit, Prasad G., and Anthony Auerbach. "The Unliganded Gating Mechanism Of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors." Biophysical Journal 96, no. 3 (2009): 166a—167a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.769.

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