Academic literature on the topic 'Gauss, Carl Friedrich, 1777-1855'

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Journal articles on the topic "Gauss, Carl Friedrich, 1777-1855"

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Wittmann, Axel D. "Carl Friedrich Gauss and the Gauss Society: a brief overview." History of Geo- and Space Sciences 11, no. 2 (September 8, 2020): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-11-199-2020.

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Abstract. Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) was one of the most eminent scientists of all time. He was born in Brunswick, studied in Göttingen, passed his doctoral examination in Helmstedt, and from 1807 until his death, was the director of the Göttingen Astronomical Observatory. As a professor of astronomy, he worked in the fields of astronomy, mathematics, geodesy, and physics, where he made world-famous and lasting contributions. In his honour, and to preserve his memory, the Gauss Society was founded in Göttingen in 1962. The present paper aims to give nonspecialists a brief introduction into the life of Gauss and an introduction into the Gauss Society and its history.
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Martinez-Cruz, Armando M., and Ellen C. Barger. "Adding á La Gauss." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 10, no. 3 (October 2004): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.10.3.0152.

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Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855), considered the greatest mathematician of modern times, was born to a poor family in Brunswick, Germany. Although his father worked several unprofitable jobs to earn a meager living and assumed that Carl would follow in his footsteps, his mother insisted that her son receive an appropriate education. Young Gauss demonstrated amazing intellect at an early age. He was just three years old when he corrected a mistake in his father's weekly payroll computation. By the time he was nine, his schoolmasters admitted, “There was nothing more they could teach the boy” (Burton 2003, p. 509).
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Adams, Thomasenia, and Katherine Murphy. "A Look at Some Numbers of Old: Perfect, Deficient, and Abundant." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 10, no. 6 (February 2005): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.10.6.0309.

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No One Knows Just When Number theory, the study of numbers (integers) and their properties, evolved, but “the origins of the study of number properties go back probably almost as far as counting and the arithmetic operations” (Ore 1988, p. 25). Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855), one of the greatest of all mathematicians, stated that “mathematics is the queen of the sciences, but number theory is the queen of mathematics” (Long 1965, p. 1).
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Bezuszka, Stanley J., and Margaret J. Kenney. "That Ubiquitous Sum: 1 + 2 + 3 + … + n." Mathematics Teacher 98, no. 5 (January 2005): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.98.5.0316.

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There is no doubt about it. Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) would be pleased. The question that was purportedly asked of him when he was a young schoolboy has become the centerpiece of many mathematics lessons. Indeed, it has created quite a stir, since many people want to know just how he calculated the sum of 1 + 2 + 3 + … + 100 so rapidly. Nowadays, it is commonplace for the sum 1 + 2 + 3 + … + n to be the focus of investigations in mathematics classes ranging from elementary through secondary levels. For example, young children work with instances of the sum pattern while they engage in counting chips in triangular models similar to the ones in figure 1.
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Franklin, Christine Annette. "Mathematical Roots: The Other Life of Florence Nightingale." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 7, no. 6 (February 2002): 337–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.7.6.0337.

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Probability and Statistics are important parts of the school mathematics curriculum. Many students believe that these areas are recent additions to the field of mathematics. Probability and statistics, however, have been actively studied for more than three hundred years. James Bernoulli (1654–1705), a Swiss mathematician, developed important probability concepts. Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) was a German mathematician who studied the distribution that takes on the famous bell-shaped curve. Another statistician from England, R. A. Fisher (1890–1962), argued for the importance of randomness when designing an experiment. All these men are well-known statisticians who made important contributions to the field of statistics. An individual who is not commonly discussed as an early contributor to the study of statistics is the famous English nurse Florence Nightingale (1820–1910).
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Malaquias, Isabel, Emília Vaz Gomes, and Décio Martins. "The Genesis of Geomagnetic Observatories in Portugal." Earth Sciences History 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.24.1.y7250t05306q7215.

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Interest in mapping not merely the heavens but also the lands, a special concern of modern civilizations, increased mainly at the end of the eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth centuries. Although knowledge about geomagnetism was old, only in the nineteenth century was it possible to improve precision measurements of magnetic intensity. After Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) established an international Magnetic Union (Magnetische Verein) based in Göttingen in 1836, a network of magnetic observatories promoted a worldwide collaboration in order to get a deeper understanding of Earth's magnetism. While the participation of England, Russia, and the United States in this network is better known, Portugal also participated in this Union. This article aims to show how Portuguese institutions were influenced by the development of this branch of science and to detail their participation in the international geomagnetic network in the nineteenth century.
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Soffel, H. C. "History of the Munich–Maisach–Fürstenfeldbruck Geomagnetic Observatory." History of Geo- and Space Sciences 6, no. 2 (July 7, 2015): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-6-65-2015.

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Abstract. The Munich–Maisach–Fürstenfeldbruck Geomagnetic Observatory is one of the observatories with the longest recordings of the geomagnetic field. It started with hourly measurements on 1 August 1840. The founder of the observatory in Munich was Johann von Lamont (1805–1879), the Director of the Royal Bavarian Astronomical Observatory. He had been stimulated to build his own observatory by the initiative of the Göttingen Magnetic Union founded in 1834 by Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859) and Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855). Before 1840 fewer than five observatories existed; the most prominent ones were those in London and Paris. At the beginning Lamont used equipment delivered by Gauss in Göttingen, but soon started to build instruments of his own design. Among them was a nonmagnetic theodolite which allowed precise geomagnetic measurements to be made also in the field. During the 1850s Lamont carried out geomagnetic surveys and produced geomagnetic maps for Germany and many other European countries. At the end of the nineteenth century accurate geomagnetic measurements in Munich became more and more disturbed by the magnetic stray fields from electric tramways and industry. During this period the quality of the data suffered and the measurements had to be interrupted several times. After a provisional solution in Maisach, a village 25 km west of Munich, a final solution could be found in the vicinity of the nearby city of Fürstenfeldbruck. Here the measurements started again on 1 January 1939. Since the 1980s the observatory has been part of INTERMAGNET, an organization providing almost real-time geomagnetic data of the highest quality.
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HAAS, L. F. "Karl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855)." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 63, no. 2 (August 1, 1997): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.63.2.239.

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Pulver, Sandra. "Quaternions: The hypercomplex number system." Mathematical Gazette 92, no. 525 (November 2008): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025557200183639.

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Are there solutions of the equation x2 + 1 = 0 ? Carl Fredrich Gauss (1777–1855) conjectured that there was a solution and that it was the square root of - 1 . But since the squares of all real numbers, positive or negative, are positive, Gauss introduced a fanciful idea. His solution to this equation was , which he named i. He integrated i with the real numbers to form a set known as , the complex numbers, where each element in that set was of the form a + bi, where a, . Gauss illustrated this on a graph, the horizontal axis became the real axis and represented the real coefficient, while the vertical axis became the imaginary axis and represented the imaginary coefficient.
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Sheynin, Oscar. "Gauss and the Method of the Least Squares / Gauß und die Methode der kleinsten Quadrate." Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 219, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-1999-3-429.

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SummaryThe following article describes the history of the discovery of the method of least squares. Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) developed this method and applied it at first in astronomy and geodesy. In recent time this method became important to the analysis of statistical data in economics and social sciences and to the application of statistical methods in econometrics.The author describes both justifications of the method and lists several fields where Gauss applied the principle of the yet non-existing method of the least squares before Legendre’a relevant publication of 1805. He also establishes that, contrary to a recently formulated opinion, Gauss had indeed communicated his discovery, again before 1805, to several colleagues.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gauss, Carl Friedrich, 1777-1855"

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Noel, Filho Antonio [UNESP]. "A relação cartográfica e geometria diferencial de Mercator a Gauss." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102109.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-04-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:42:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 noelfilho_a_dr_rcla.pdf: 5554552 bytes, checksum: d7ac8c9e804b77fa358a56a9655da58b (MD5)
Este trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa que vislumbra encontrar relações entre a Cartografia e a Geometria Diferencial. Toma como ponto de partida os problemas adjacentes à Projeção de Mercator e explicita sua influencia na história do Cálculo e da Geometria Diferencial nas análises das obras de Pedro Nunes, Edward Wright e Gauss. A falta do trabalho original impediu a análise do verdadeiro método usado por Mercator na construção de sua projeção. Nos tratados, Sobre Certas Dúvidas da Navegação e em Defensam da Carta de Marear, são encontrados vestígios da contribuição da obra de Pedro Nunes na construção da Projeção de Mercator e em Certaine Errors in Navegation, Edward Wright apresenta uma justificativa matemática para o problema. O estudo da obra General Investigations of Curved Surfaces revela que o tratamento cartográfico dado aos resultados obtidos por Gauss no levantamento geodésico da cidade de Hannover serviu como base para muitos dos seus trabalhos. Os conhecimentos de Cartografia e de Astronomia adquiridos na experiência de campo, podem ter levado Gauss à formalização da teoria geral das superfícies curvas e com esta foi possível traduzir a lei da projeção de Mercator em linguagem moderna
This work is a result of research that envisions finding relations between Cartography and Differential Geometry. It takes as its starting point the problems surrounding the Mercator Projection and explains their influence in the history of calculus and differential geometry in the analysis of works of Pedro Nunes, Edward Wright and Gauss. The lack of labor prevented the original analysis of the true method used by Mercator in the construction of its projection. In the treaties, on Certain Questions of Navigation and the Letter of Defensam Marear traces of the contribution of the work of Pedro Nunes are found in the construction of the Mercator Projection and Certaine Errors in Navegation, Edward Wright presents a mathematical justification for the problem. The study of the book General Investigations of Curved Surfaces reveals that the treatment given to the mapping results obtained by the Gauss geodesic survey of Hannover city was the basis for many of his works. The knowledge of Cartography and Astronomy acquired in the field experience, may have taken Gauss to the formalization of the general theory of the surfaces curves and with this it was possible to translate the law of the projection of Mercator in modern language
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Smadja, Ivahn. "Essai sur la notion de schématisme en arithmétique." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010603.

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Selon une approche à la fois conceptuelle, historique et critique, il s'agit de dégager un certain type de permanence des concepts et des formes de la science des nombres dans le vaste mouvement de constitution et d'extension de l'arithmétique du domaine restreint des nombres entiers aux domaines élargis des nombres et des grandeurs algébriques, par adjonction de nouveaux symboles à ceux qui composent le système décimal. Cette permanence des formes n'est cependant pas dissociable de la reconnaissance dans les mathématiques en cours de constitution comme dans les mathématiques constituées, de gestes ou de schèmes qui permettent d'investir d'un sens plein les formes posées en symboles. Lorsque dans le premier tiers du XIXème siècle, C. F. Gauss fit pleinement droit, pour la première fois dans 1 'histoire des mathématiques à de nouveaux nombres entiers, il eut soin d'établir que l'arithmétique élargie aux entiers complexes procédait d'une source conceptuelle pure et dans le même temps fournissait une image géométrique qui permettait d'en reconnaître le schématisme comme arithmétique. Ces remarques subtiles et profondes conduisaient à dissocier, dans les quantités complexes, deux strates distinctes de schématisme, l'une de type arithmétique et l'autre de type géométrique, le plus souvent superposées et confondues dans les méthodes de l'algèbre élaborées à partir de la Renaissance, et offraient ainsi une méthode pour comprendre la constitution des mathématiques dans leur développement conceptuel par intrication de formes de langage et de conceptualisation hétérogènes.
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Books on the topic "Gauss, Carl Friedrich, 1777-1855"

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Carl Friedrich Gauss, 1777-1855. 2nd ed. Gräfelfing vor München: Moos, 1985.

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The prince of mathematics: Carl Friedrich Gauss. Wellesley, MA: A K Peters, 2005.

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Elena, Roussanova, and Lehfeldt Werner, eds. Carl Friedrich Gauss und Russland: Sein Briefwechsel mit in Russland wirkenden Wissenschaftlern. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2011.

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Gauss Symposium (2nd 1993 Munich, Germany). Proceedings of the 2nd Gauss Symposium.: Munich, Germany, August 2-7, 1993. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1995.

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Gauss Symposium (2nd 1993 Munich, Germany). Proceedings of the 2nd Gauss Symposium.: Munich, Germany, August 2-7, 1993. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1995.

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Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, ed. Studien zu Geschichte, Theologie und Wissenschaftsgeschichte. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2012.

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Pieper, H. Variationen über ein Zahlentheoretisches Thema Von Carl Friedrich Gauss. Springer Basel AG, 2014.

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Pieper, H. Variationen über ein Zahlentheoretisches Thema Von Carl Friedrich Gauss. Birkhauser Verlag, 2013.

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Gauss: A Biographical Study. Springer, 1987.

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Bühler, W. K. Gauss: A Biographical Study. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gauss, Carl Friedrich, 1777-1855"

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Farebrother, Richard W. "Gauss, Carl Friedrich (1777–1855)." In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 623–27. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.61038-3.

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Farebrother, R. W. "Gauss, Carl Friedrich (1777–1855)." In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 5888–92. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-043076-7/00247-3.

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