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Journal articles on the topic 'Gay-lesbian relationships'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Kneale, Dylan, Patrick Sholl, Chris Sherwood, and Jessica Faulkner. "Ageing and lesbian, gay and bisexual relationships." Working with Older People 18, no. 3 (September 2, 2014): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wwop-06-2014-0015.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how minority stress and the experience of societal level hostility towards lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people and their relationships may have impacted upon their relationships and relationship histories. Design/methodology/approach – This paper introduced the minority stress framework and examines the relationship histories of a small cohort aged 50 at the last sweep of data collection. Findings – The minority stress framework states that societal level hostility will lead to unequal treatment and psychological distress among minority groups, which could impact on their relationships histories. In these data, those people we identify as being LGB were significantly more likely to have had a higher number of cohabiting partnerships, were less likely to have had longer-term cohabiting relationships, and were less likely to be in a relationship at age 50. This is despite LGB people placing an equal importance on partnership and marriage. These results are accompanied by caveats, but the authors conclude that if minority stress does impact upon relationships, it is upon the stability and length of relationships. Practical implications – Compared to older LGB couples, opposite sex couples, are more likely to have been in receipt of peer and especially familial support for their relationship, particularly around times of relationship crisis. Additionally, for those same sex couples that did approach professional sources of support, such as couple counselling, heteronormative and even hostile attitudes from counselling providers may have meant that experienced and informed support was not available when needed. The findings therefore pose a challenge to service providers to ensure that relationship support and allied services are available and adapted to meet the needs of older LGB people, whose previous contacts with these service providers may have been substantially less than positive, and whose need for relationship support may be greater. Originality/value – The needs of older LGB people and their relationships are often overlooked. The use of a small sample of cohort data to examine these issues provides new insight into the way in which older LGB people may age differently to non-LGB people.

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2

Alexander, Christopher J. "Violence in Gay and Lesbian Relationships." Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services 14, no. 1 (July 10, 2002): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j041v14n01_06.

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3

Brown, Laura S. "New Voices, New Visions: Toward A Lesbian/Gay Paradigm for Psychology." Psychology of Women Quarterly 13, no. 4 (December 1989): 445–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1989.tb01013.x.

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This article proposes an alternative model for psychological inquiry based in the experiences of lesbians and gay men. I propose that there are three elements that cross-situationally define a lesbian and gay reality: biculturalism, marginality, and normative creativity. Each of these elements is explored with examples of how these perspectives might alter the way that certain dominant notions about human relationships are understood. The article closes with questions regarding the application of this lesbian and gay paradigm to methodologies for inquiry. The relationship between a lesbian/gay paradigm for psychology and feminist questions regarding epistemology is also explored.

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4

Rodrigues, David L., Aleksandra Huic, and Diniz Lopes. "Relationship commitment of Portuguese lesbian and gay individuals: Examining the role of cohabitation and perceived social support." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 36, no. 9 (September 16, 2018): 2738–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407518798051.

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Lesbian and gay (LG) individuals strive to form stable relationships, and most of them are successful in doing so. Because successful relationships have benefits for psychological well-being, it is important to investigate factors that help people in same-sex relationships to achieve stable and committed relationships. The Investment Model (IM) proposes commitment to be predicted by satisfaction, quality of alternatives, and relationship investments. We extend this model by proposing two additional variables—cohabitation and social support. Cohabitation is a particularly important relationship marker for LG individuals, and its role on same-sex relationship commitment may be linked to the perception of greater support from close family and friends. In a cross-sectional study conducted in Portugal ( N = 534, 62.4% gay men and 37.6% lesbian women; Mage = 29.64 years, SD = 8.30), we tested a multigroup structural equation model linking cohabitation to perceived social support from close network members (family and friends) and to relationship commitment, via the IM variables. The results showed that cohabitation was positively associated with perceived social support from both parents and friends. Friend support and its association with satisfaction mediated the association between cohabitation and commitment for both gay men and lesbian women. However, there were differences between LG individuals. Support from parents was positively associated with satisfaction and negatively associated with perceived quality of alternative situations to the relationship, but only for gay men. Support from friends was positively associated with satisfaction for both lesbian women and gay men while also positively associated with relationship investments for gay men. These results are a relevant addition to the literature by showing the importance of cohabitation and social support from parents and friends for same-sex relationship outcomes, possibly acting as buffers against different sorts of negative experiences.

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5

Waldner-Haugrud, LisaK. "Sexual coercion in lesbian and gay relationships." Aggression and Violent Behavior 4, no. 2 (June 1999): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-1789(97)00054-2.

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6

Reczek, Corinne. "Ambivalence in Gay and Lesbian Family Relationships." Journal of Marriage and Family 78, no. 3 (April 21, 2016): 644–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12308.

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7

Gottman, John Mordechai, Robert Wayne Levenson, Catherine Swanson, Kristin Swanson, Rebecca Tyson, and Dan Yoshimoto. "Observing Gay, Lesbian and Heterosexual Couples' Relationships." Journal of Homosexuality 45, no. 1 (September 2003): 65–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j082v45n01_04.

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8

Nardi, Peter M. "The Globalization of the Gay & Lesbian Socio-Political Movement: Some Observations about Europe with a Focus on Italy." Sociological Perspectives 41, no. 3 (September 1998): 567–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389564.

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The emergence of new social movements focused on gay and lesbian issues during the past 25 years has been well documented in American society. The diffusion of a gay and lesbian socio-political movement in other Western cultures and many developing societies has been the subject of more recent inquiries. This article assesses the globalization of the international gay and lesbian social movement by focusing on Europe and Italy, in particular, and raises questions about the socio-political conditions that might be necessary for the development of a new social movement—one based on sexual orientation identity concepts rather than one based on age-structured or gender-structured relationships. Historical information about social and legal changes in Italy and in the rest of Europe is presented along with current issues facing the increasingly visible gay movement in Italy. What emerges is a portrait of a culture changing and questioning its relationship to traditional patriarchal, religious, and gender concepts while becoming interconnected with global gay and lesbian communities and issues.

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9

Mize, Krystal D., and Todd K. Shackelford. "Intimate Partner Homicide Methods in Heterosexual, Gay, and Lesbian Relationships." Violence and Victims 23, no. 1 (February 2008): 98–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.23.1.98.

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Previous research indicates that the killing method used in homicides may reflect the motivation of the offender and qualities of the victim–offender relationship. The effect of gender and sexual orientation of intimate partner homicide offenders (N = 51,007) was examined with respect to the brutality of killing methods. Guided by previous research and theory, it was hypothesized that homicide brutality will vary with the offender’s sexual orientation and gender, such that the percentage of killings coded as brutal will be higher for (a) gay and lesbian relative to heterosexual relations, (b) men relative to women, (c) gay relative to heterosexual men, and (d) lesbian relative to heterosexual women. The rates of intimate partner homicide were also hypothesized to vary with the gender of the partners, such that (a) homicide rates will be higher in gay relative to heterosexual and lesbian couples and (b) homicide rates will be lowest in lesbian couples. The results support all but one prediction derived from the two hypotheses. We predicted that men would kill their partners more brutally than would women, but the results indicate that the opposite is true.

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10

Hooker, Steven D. "Can gay and lesbian educators form authentic relationships in their school communities?" Education, Citizenship and Social Justice 14, no. 1 (March 13, 2018): 82–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1746197918760223.

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The purpose of this study was to determine how gay and lesbian teachers who are out or closeted form and maintain relationships with members of their school community. A total of 11 gay and lesbian public and Catholic school educators from rural, suburban, and urban schools were interviewed. Each of these educators negotiated their sexual identities differently within their school communities, allowing them to form or not form relationships with colleagues, students, and parents. Descriptors such as age, experience level, and school setting, however, did not affect how open they were to establish authentic relationships with others in their schools. Most of these educators were unable to negotiate their sexual identity with their teacher identity due to fear of being authentic due to possible harassment and even being fired, keeping them from forming any meaningful relationships in their workplace settings. This study does, however, have strong implications toward developing policies that are inclusive for all lesbian and gay members of the school community.

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11

St. Pierre, Melissa, and Charlene Y. Senn. "External Barriers to Help-Seeking Encountered by Canadian Gay and Lesbian Victims of Intimate Partner Abuse: An Application of The Barriers Model." Violence and Victims 25, no. 4 (August 2010): 536–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.25.4.536.

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While understanding of intimate partner abuse (IPA) in gay and lesbian relationships has increased within the past decade, there remain several gaps in the help-seeking research. In particular, research examining the external barriers to help-seeking encountered by gay and lesbian victims of IPA has been largely atheoretical. To address this gap, an application of The Barriers Model was undertaken. This mixed-methods study surveyed 280 gay, lesbian, and/or queer participants living in Canada. Findings revealed that victims encountered external barriers in the environment (i.e., Layer 1 of the model), such as lack of availability of gay and lesbian specific services. Results also suggested that barriers due to family/socialization/role expectations (i.e., Layer 2 of the model), such as concealment of sexual orientation, had an impact on help-seeking.

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12

Moore, Melanie, Richard A. Mackey, Bernard A. O'Brien, and Eileen F. Mackey. "Gay and Lesbian Couples: Voices from Lasting Relationships." Journal of Marriage and the Family 60, no. 4 (November 1998): 1042. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/353654.

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13

Fickey, Jim, and Gary Grimm. "Boundary Issues in Gay and Lesbian Psychotherapy Relationships." Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services 8, no. 4 (December 8, 1998): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j041v08n04_06.

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14

Waldner-Haugrud, Lisa K., and Linda V. Gratch. "Sexual Coercion in Gay/Lesbian Relationships: Descriptives and Gender Differences." Violence and Victims 12, no. 1 (January 1997): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.12.1.87.

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A sample of 162 gay males and 111 lesbians (N = 273) completed a survey measuring the frequency of sexually coercive acts occurring within gay and lesbian relationships. Several hypotheses were proposed to clarify earlier findings and to explore gender differences in the data. Contradicting earlier studies’ findings that lesbians experience sexual coercion at higher rates than gay men, the results of this study suggest lesbians are not more likely than gay men to be classified as victims of sexual coercion. Gay men also were found to experience a significantly higher mean number of coercive experiences. Other analyses specific to the type of coercion experienced and the severity of the sexual coercion outcomes (penetration) revealed no gender differences, however. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.

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15

Binnie, J. "Invisible Europeans: Sexual Citizenship in the New Europe." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 29, no. 2 (February 1997): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a290237.

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In this paper I consider issues of transnational sexual citizenship. I examine the issue of international migration of lesbians and gay men. For lesbian and gay prospective migrants, obtaining citizenship rights is difficult owing to the laws affording status being based on bloodlines and marriage. This immediately excludes lesbian and gay relationships, which are generally not recognised for the purpose of obtaining rights of residence. I explore these issues in the context of the different policies towards the migration of lesbians and gay men in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.

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16

Heisterkamp, Brian L. "Challenging heteronormativity." Journal of Language and Sexuality 5, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 37–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jls.5.1.02hei.

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Because gay male and lesbian couples have broken from the heteronormative binary of cross-sex relationships, it is necessary to examine the conversational practices used by gay men and lesbians to refer to members of same-sex couples. While gay and lesbian couples use typical reference terms for romantic partners, I contend that this use challenges heteronormative language assumptions because these conversationalists apply the terms lover, partner, and boyfriend/girlfriend to reference co-couple members of same-sex couples, not cross-sex couples. They recontextualize terms normatively associated with reference to cross-sex romantic partners. I used conversation analysis to examine the data, which includes transcriptions of video and audio recordings of gay male and lesbian couples interacting in home environments. The findings suggest that reference terms are recontextualized beyond their heteronormative boundaries.

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17

Todosijevic, Jelica, Esther D. Rothblum, and Sondra E. Solomon. "Relationship Satisfaction, Affectivity, and Gay-Specific Stressors in Same-Sex Couples Joined in Civil Unions." Psychology of Women Quarterly 29, no. 2 (June 2005): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2005.00178.x.

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Relationship satisfaction, affect, and stress were examined in 313 same-sex couples who had had civil unions in Vermont during the first year of this legislation. Similarity between partners on age and on positive/negative affectivity was related to relationship satisfaction whereas there was no association with similarity in income, education, and outness. Lesbian couples ( n = 199), compared to gay male couples, reported experiencing more stress related to family reaction to their sexuality, whereas gay male couples ( n = 114) reported more stress surrounding the issues of HIV/AIDS and violence/harassment than did lesbian couples. This study is the first to examine within-couple factors among same-sex couples with legalized relationships.

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18

Pryde, Julie A., and Edmund V. Mech. "Empowering Lesbian and Gay Foster Adolescents Through Mentoring Relationships." Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services 2, no. 2 (May 11, 1995): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j041v02n02_04.

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19

Reczek, C. "The Intergenerational Relationships of Gay Men and Lesbian Women." Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 69, no. 6 (May 8, 2014): 909–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbu042.

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20

Barrett, Catherine, Carolyn Whyte, Jude Comfort, Anthony Lyons, and Pauline Crameri. "Social connection, relationships and older lesbian and gay people1." Sexual and Relationship Therapy 30, no. 1 (October 31, 2014): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14681994.2014.963983.

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21

McParland, James, and Paul M. Camic. "How do lesbian and gay people experience dementia?" Dementia 17, no. 4 (May 9, 2016): 452–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301216648471.

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Introduction The subjective experience of dementia for lesbian and gay individuals is largely absent from the extant literature. This study aimed to explore what it means to experience dementia in this context given the documented psychosocial influences facing this population. A second aim was to develop understanding of these experiences within dyadic relationships. Method Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with lesbian and gay individuals with dementia and people with whom they had a significant relationship and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results Three superordinate themes, reflecting characteristics of participants’ experience, were identified: duality in managing dementia, giving yourself away vs. holding onto yourself and relationships as sheltered harbours. Ten subthemes indicated the processes that were adopted to adjust and make sense of the experience of dementia. These included decisions around concealment, ensuring safety and the promotion of personhood and couplehood. In line with findings for heterosexual couples, partners had an important role in maintaining the identity of the person with dementia. Conclusions Results suggest additional and distinct challenges, including experienced and perceived discrimination and heterosexism. In response to these conditions, interviewees worked to resist a ‘double stigma’ of dementia and sexuality. Findings indicated areas of improvement for dementia services, including training in inclusive practice.

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22

Pereira, Henrique, and Graça Esgalhado. "Intimate Dynamics and Relationship Satisfaction among LGB Adolescents: The Role of Sexual Minority Oppression." Children 8, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8030231.

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Adolescent lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) romantic partners face the challenge of developing satisfactory relationships while managing stressors associated with being members of a stigmatized minority group due to their sexual minority status. The aims of this study were to explore and describe relationship dynamics among LGB adolescents that are in committed same-sex relationships in Portugal, to assess levels of satisfaction with their relationships, and to assess whether LGB oppression was associated with the likelihood of anticipating and experiencing problems within the relationship. A sample of 182 self-identified LGB adolescents (mean age = 17.89 years; SD = 1.99), completed an online survey consisting of various sociodemographic measures, a relationship dynamics questionnaire, a self-assessment of relationship satisfaction, and an adapted version of the Gay and Lesbian Oppressive Situations Inventory. Results show that participants were highly satisfied with their relationships, except those who were non-monogamous and less committed to their relationships. Participants showed moderate levels of LGB oppression situations, and, as demonstrated by the hierarchical multiple regression analysis, age (being older), having lower levels of commitment, and being exposed to higher levels of exclusion, rejection, and separation were strong predictors of lower levels of relationship satisfaction.

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23

Waldner-Haugrud, Lisa K., Linda V. Gratch, and Brian Magruder. "Victimization and Perpetration Rates of Violence in Gay and Lesbian Relationships: Gender Issues Explored." Violence and Victims 12, no. 2 (January 1997): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.12.2.173.

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This study explores gender differences in victimization and perpetration experiences of gays and lesbians in intimate relationships. A sample of 283 gays and lesbians reported on their experiences both as victims and perpetrators of gay/lesbian relationship violence by completing a modified version of the Conflict Tactics Scale (Straus, Gelles, & Steinmetz, 1980). General results indicate that 47.5% of lesbians and 29.7% of gays have been victimized by a same-sex partner. Further, lesbians reported an overall perpetration rate of 38% compared to 21.8% for gay men. Other findings were as follows: (1) lesbians were more likely to be classified as victims and perpetrators of violence than gay men; (2) lesbians were more likely to report pushing or being pushed than gay men; (3) lesbians reported experiencing a greater number of different victimization and perpetration tactics than gay men; and finally, (4) when items were weighted to create an indicator of severity, no significant differences between lesbians and gay men were found.

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24

Young, Pamela Dickey. "Same-sex relationships, religious traditions, marriage and the law." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 29, no. 4 (December 2000): 465–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000842980002900406.

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This article reviews the historical relationship of religious institutions to the performance of marriage ceremonies. It looks at what various religious traditions say officially about homosexuality and about same-sex relationships. It also considers how gay and lesbian couples have negotiated their places, especially in terms of same-sex ceremonies of commitment, within religious traditions which have offered varying degrees and kinds of affirmation. The author goes on to argue that there will be a variety of religious views concerning the legalization of same-sex relationships as marriages or marriage-like relationships. Religious institutions are not now obliged to marry all those who can be legally married, so the objections that arise within religious institutions should be handled as matters of policy within those religious institutions rather than as grounds for denying the legal right to marriage to gay and lesbian couples. The author further argues that all marriage as a legal entity should rest in the hands of the state, and that churches should bless relationships rather continue to be involved in legalizing marriages.

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Umberson, Debra, Mieke Beth Thomeer, and Amy C. Lodge. "Intimacy and Emotion Work in Lesbian, Gay, and Heterosexual Relationships." Journal of Marriage and Family 77, no. 2 (March 4, 2015): 542–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12178.

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26

Carroll, Lynne, Paula Gilroy, Natalia Hoenigmann-Stovall, and Joseph A. Turner. "Sexual Identities and Complementarity in Lesbian and Gay Male Relationships." Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services 8, no. 2 (May 29, 1998): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j041v08n02_01.

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27

Katzen, Hayley. "Valuing Our Differences: The Recognition of Lesbian and Gay Relationships." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy 18, no. 1 (March 1997): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1467-8438.1997.tb00262.x.

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28

Wall, Misty L. "Working with Lesbian-Headed Families: What Social Workers Need to Know." Advances in Social Work 14, no. 2 (September 3, 2013): 433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/8846.

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More gay men and lesbian women are choosing parenthood. One common challenge facing lesbian-headed families is how to navigate interactions with societies that are largely homophobic, heterocentric, or unaware of how to embrace non-traditional families. Systems may struggle to adjust services to meet the needs of modern family structures, including families led by lesbian women. The following are three areas of intervention (knowledge, creating affirmative space, and ways to incorporate inclusive language), informed by current literature, that allow social workers to create successful working relationships with members of lesbian-headed families.

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29

Gelo, Florence. "Homophobia in the Profession of Pastoral Counseling." Journal of Pastoral Care 51, no. 4 (December 1997): 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002234099705100408.

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Reports phenomenological data secured from five self-identified lesbian pastoral counselors regarding their experience of homophobia in the American Association of Pastoral Counselors. Examines homophobia in making professional choices, the membership process, training, and colleague relationships. Identifies strategies to manage information regarding their identies and conflicts and makes recommendations designed to promote positive changes to support lesbian and gay pastoral counselors.

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30

Schumm, Walter R. "Response to Kirkpatrick (2004): Differential Risk Theory and Lesbian Parenthood." Psychological Reports 95, no. 3_suppl (December 2004): 1203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.95.3f.1203-1206.

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Kirkpatrick's recent comments on Schumm's critique of Tasker and Golombok's 1995 research are discussed, as well as the 1981 seminal research of Kirkpatrick, Smith, and Roy. Considerations of differential risk within social exchange theory may be useful when examining views that equate gay and lesbian relationships with mixed-gender relationships at the macrosociological level.

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31

Otis, Melanie D., and William F. Skinner. "An Exploratory Study of Differences in Views of Factors Affecting Sexual Orientation for a Sample of Lesbians and Gay Men." Psychological Reports 94, no. 3_suppl (June 2004): 1173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.3c.1173-1179.

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An exploratory study of lesbians (70) and gay men (118) from a rural state in the mid-South was conducted using a self-administered, mail-out survey. The nonrandom sample was drawn from organizational mailing lists, snowball sampling, and a convenience sample at a community event. Respondents were asked to indicate the extent to which each of the following affected sexual orientation: genetics, relationship between parents, relationship with parents, birth order, peers, growing up in a dysfunctional family, growing up in a single-parent family, negative experiences with the opposite sex, and positive experiences with the same sex. Similar to studies of heterosexual men and women, these gay men were more likely to view sexual orientation as a result of genetics than the lesbian respondents. Further, the lesbian group were more likely to view positive relationships with the same sex to have a great influence on sexual orientation. These data indicate there are sex differences in views on factors that affect sexual orientation.

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Ridge, Stacy R., and Judith A. Feeney. "Relationship History and Relationship Attitudes in Gay Males and Lesbians: Attachment Style and Gender Differences." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 6 (December 1998): 848–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679809073875.

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Objective: The objective of the present study was to assess the applicability of attachment theory to the relationships of gay males and lesbians, with particular emphasis on parental relationships, relationship satisfaction, sexual attitudes and ‘coming out’ as being homosexual. Methods: Gay males (n = 77) and lesbians (n = 100) completed questionnaires assessing attachment style, working models of attachment, early relationships with parents and relationship history, status and functioning. A comparison sample of heterosexual participants completed measures of attachment style and relationship history. Results: Relative frequencies of attachment styles were similar for homosexual and heterosexual samples. Contrary to previous research using largely heterosexual respondents, no link between early parenting and attachment style was found. However, homosexual males reported more positive early relationships with mothers than did females. Associations of attachment style with working models, relationship variables and sexual attitudes largely supported those based on heterosexual samples. Gender and attachment style differences were found in reported effects of ‘coming out’ on relationships with parents. Conclusions: Overall, the results suggest that insecure attachment may not be over-represented in gay and lesbian samples, but that insecurity is associated with less relationship satisfaction and with problems related to the disclosure of sexual orientation. The implications of these findings for research and clinical practice are addressed.

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Burke, L. "Violence in lesbian and gay relationships Theory, prevalence, and correlational factors." Clinical Psychology Review 19, no. 5 (August 1999): 487–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-7358(98)00054-3.

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34

McQueeney, Krista. "Beyond Loving: Intimate Racework in Lesbian, Gay, and Straight Interracial Relationships." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 44, no. 1 (January 2015): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306114562201yy.

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35

Haas, Stephen M., and Laura Stafford. "An Initial Examination of Maintenance Behaviors in Gay and Lesbian Relationships." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 15, no. 6 (December 1998): 846–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407598156008.

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36

Reczek, Corinne, and Debra Umberson. "Gender, health behavior, and intimate relationships: Lesbian, gay, and straight contexts." Social Science & Medicine 74, no. 11 (June 2012): 1783–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.11.011.

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37

ELLIS, LILLIAN, and MARK DAVIS. "Intimate partner support: A comparison of gay, lesbian, and heterosexual relationships." Personal Relationships 24, no. 2 (March 20, 2017): 350–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pere.12186.

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38

Kurdek, Lawrence A., and J. Patrick Schmitt. "Relationship quality of partners in heterosexual married, heterosexual cohabiting, and gay and lesbian relationships." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51, no. 4 (1986): 711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.4.711.

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39

Cocker, Christine, and Helen Cosis Brown. "Sex, Sexuality and Relationships: Developing Confidence and Discernment When Assessing Lesbian and Gay Prospective Adopters." Adoption & Fostering 34, no. 1 (April 2010): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857591003400103.

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In the UK, the last 15 years have seen a profound change in the way that lesbians and gay men have been socially and politically located and acknowledged. This is evidenced by recent legislative changes that have given protection to lesbians and gay men and placed a duty on public bodies to provide equitable services. For a number of years lesbians and gay men have been specifically targeted, recruited and utilised as adopters of children in public care. With these changes has come the realisation that a number of complexities in adoption practice have been insufficiently addressed. Brown and Cocker (2008) have argued that in the assessment of prospective lesbian and gay adopters, struggling with complexities is crucial for safe and effective assessment of suitability to be realised. This appreciation of the complexity of practice has been articulated in the Independent Inquiry into the Circumstances of Child Sexual Abuse by Two Foster Carers in Wakefield (Parrott et al, 2007). The report noted that the ‘homosexuality’ of the foster carers became the primary focus of social work anxiety. This happened at the expense of holistic considerations of both the carers' potential and their actual foster care practice. Although these findings relate to foster care, they are transferable to the adoption field. The authors of the Inquiry emphasised the importance of ‘discrimination’ in practice, arguing that ‘discrimination’ was essential for discerning and analytical assessment, support and supervision. This article by Christine Cocker and Helen Cosis Brown offers a conceptual framework as well as practice tools to facilitate such discriminatory, effective, discerning and comprehensive assessments of lesbian and gay prospective adopters. The paramountcy of the child's welfare has to remain central to developments in adoption practice. This article maintains this centrality.

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Littauer, Amanda H. "Queer Girls and Intergenerational Lesbian Sexuality in the 1970s." Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques 46, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/hrrh.2020.460107.

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Drawing on letters and writings by teenage girls and oral history interviews, this article aims to open a scholarly conversation about the existence and significance of intergenerational sexual relationships between minor girls and adult women in the years leading up to and encompassing the lesbian feminist movement of the 1970s. Lesbian history and culture say very little about sexual connections between youth and adults, sweeping them under the rug in gender-inflected ways that differ from the suppression of speech in gay male history and culture about intergenerational sex between boys and men. Nonetheless, my research suggests that, despite lesbian feminists’ caution and even negativity toward teen girls, erotic and sexual relationships with adult women provided girls access to support, pleasure, mentorship, and community.

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Giuliani, Gaia. "The Body, Sexuality and Precarity." Feminist Review 87, no. 1 (September 2007): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fr.9400364.

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The focus group held in Bologna on 2 October 2005 revolved around the relationships between ‘body’, ‘sexuality’ and ‘precarity’, which are concepts at the heart of the reflections and political agenda of the feminist and Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer (GLBTQ) movements in Italy.

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Ayoub, Phillip M., and Jeremiah Garretson. "Getting the Message Out: Media Context and Global Changes in Attitudes Toward Homosexuality." Comparative Political Studies 50, no. 8 (September 8, 2016): 1055–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414016666836.

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Global attitudes involving homosexuality are changing rapidly. Tolerance toward lesbian and gay relationships has increased in almost every continent. More often than not, younger people have been at the forefront of this change. In this article, we explore explanations for this cross-national phenomenon. Specifically, we test to see whether contextual factors, those that allow lesbian women and gay men to freely express themselves or to gain cultural representation in the media, have driven this transformation. The results show that inter-cohort effects, or more liberal attitudes among younger people, are related to the pervasiveness of a nation’s mass media and to the presence of press freedom. This research suggests a strong link between increasing mass support for minority rights and the factors that encourage and allow minorities to express their viewpoints to others. These findings have broad implications, in that they help us understand the growing global acceptance around gay rights.

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Cronin, Ann, Richard Ward, Steve Pugh, Andrew King, and Elizabeth Price. "Categories and their consequences: Understanding and supporting the caring relationships of older lesbian, gay and bisexual people." International Social Work 54, no. 3 (April 26, 2011): 421–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872810396261.

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This article advocates incorporating biographical narratives into social work practice involving older lesbian, gay and bisexual service users. Offering a critique of ‘sexuality-blind’ conditions in current policy and practice, the discussion draws on qualitative data to illustrate the potential benefits of narrative approaches for both practitioners and service users.

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Walsh-Bowers, Richard T., and Sydney J. Parlour. "Researcher-Participant Relationships in Journal Reports on Gay Men and Lesbian Women." Journal of Homosexuality 23, no. 4 (November 5, 1992): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j082v23n04_06.

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Twist, Markie L. C., Christopher K. Belous, Candice A. Maier, and Melissa K. Bergdall. "Considering technology-based ecological elements in lesbian, gay, and bisexual partnered relationships." Sexual and Relationship Therapy 32, no. 3-4 (October 2, 2017): 291–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14681994.2017.1397945.

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Wienke, Chris, and Gretchen J. Hill. "Does the “Marriage Benefit” Extend to Partners in Gay and Lesbian Relationships?" Journal of Family Issues 30, no. 2 (August 28, 2008): 259–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x08324382.

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Borden, Kathi A. "When family members identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual: Parent–child relationships." Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 45, no. 4 (2014): 219–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0037612.

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Farrugia, Kirsty, and Beverly Abela. "The Broken Rainbow: Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence." MCAST Journal of Applied Research & Practice 3, no. 1 (May 15, 2019): 159–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4379.

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This paper focuses on same-sex intimate partner violence (SSIPV), the effects on the victim within a same-sex relationship, the services available locally for LGB victims, and the barriers encountered by the victims within the services. It explores whether the services offering aid to lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) victims of same-sex intimate partner relationships are effective, since locally there is not a service that offers specific SSIPV support yet. It inquires if the services are gay-affirmative by implementing gay-affirmative strategies, policies, and procedures. It aims to create awareness that same-sex intimate partner violence takes place so as to break the silence in relation to this matter locally. The paper also outlines the importance of having both LGBTIQ services and DV services for the victims to turn to, services they feel comfortable with and can disclose to.

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Schumm, Walter R., Cynthia A. Akagi, and Kathy R. Bosch. "Relationship Satisfaction for Heterosexual Women Compared to Lesbians and Men in a Sample of Faith Communities from Topeka, Kansas." Psychological Reports 102, no. 2 (April 2008): 377–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.102.2.377-388.

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A modified version of the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale was administered to 239 women who belonged to 8 different faith communities in Topeka, Kansas in 2001. 12 members of a Metropolitan (gay and lesbian) church identified themselves as lesbians. Lesbian respondents reported significantly higher relationship satisfaction scores than heterosexual women (Cohen's d=0.69). Controlling for number of children and social desirability reduced the regression coefficient for sexual orientation to a statistically nonsignificant level. Using a matched sample of 12 heterosexual women compared with the lesbians yielded a nonsignificant result ( ES = 0.31). Nevertheless, although not statistically significant, comparisons between lesbians and heterosexual women continued to feature effect sizes that represented higher satisfaction for lesbians with no children or with only one child when compared to heterosexual women with no children or only one child. It is apparent that methodology made a difference in the results obtained in this comparative study of lesbian and heterosexual relationships. It was also observed, among members of churches other than the Metropolitan church, that relationship satisfaction was significantly lower ( d=0.22) among females than males, including among wives compared to husbands; significant linear and cubic relationships between a single-item measure of relationship social desirability and relationship satisfaction were also observed.

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Pereira, Henrique, Juan Pedro Serrano, Brian de Vries, Graça Esgalhado, Rosa Marina Afonso, and Samuel Monteiro. "Aging Perceptions in Older Gay and Bisexual Men in Portugal." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 87, no. 1 (July 27, 2017): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091415017720889.

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Aims and Objectives The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions toward aging among Portuguese gay and bisexual men over 60 years old. Background Despite the growth of the older population, and the increased visibility and acceptance of lesbian, gay, and bisexual people in Western countries, the experience of aging in older gay and bisexual men is only beginning to be understood. Design We used a qualitative research methodology, based on critical gerontology, for establishing research questions and to identify the perspectives on the aging process in older gay and bisexual individuals. Methods We used a structured electronic inquiry with 25 gay and bisexual men over 60 years of age from Portugal. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to help identify repeated patterns of meaning in the data set. Results The recurrent themes in the narratives of the aging experiences of the participants in the study were as follows: positive perceptions of aging, negative perceptions of aging, coping with being a gay/bisexual man and family ties, professional care, homophobia/discrimination, relationships and social support, intergenerational differences, mediating role of sexual orientation, sociopolitical changes, and personal characteristics. Conclusion Analysis of perceptions about the aging process in older gay and bisexual men emphasized the desire for normalization in the social awareness of sexual orientation. It is important to continue doing research on this topic and disseminate this information among professionals who work with older lesbian, gay, and bisexual people so that they may better understand how they can meet the specific needs of this population.

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