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1
Kelly, Holli Maria. "Police response to incidents of heterosexual, gay and lesbian domestic violence." Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000kellyh.pdf.
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Williams, Laura Ellen. "A Comparison of Sexual-Minority Stress in Lesbian and Gay Police Officers." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6495.
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The original purpose of this quantitative study was to compare 5 self-reported sexual minority stress (SMS) factors experienced by lesbian and gay police officers to discover if lesbian or gay police officers experience more SMS, and which factor, if any, is the biggest stressor for either group as measured using subscales of the Daily Heterosexist Experiences Questionnaire (DHEQ). This study partially incorporated minority-stress theory as applied to sexual minorities. This study used subscales from the DHEQ in anonymous, online surveys. Because of the low response rate, the study changed to compare the group of lesbian and gay police officers' self-reports on levels of feelings of vigilance, harassment/discrimination, isolation, vicarious trauma, and victimization as compared to the established population values. The central research question asked if there was a significant difference between lesbian and gay police officers and the established population on self-reported factors of SMS, as measured by the DHEQ. Two-tailed t tests were used to analyze the data. The results showed that lesbian and gay officers reported significantly less SMS as determined by the 5 factors on the DHEQ. The results of this study could provide an impact on how administrators treat lesbian and gay officers and how LGBT policies are created and implemented for internal and external (e.g. LGBT communities) interactions. The results of this study could also provide insight for police psychologists and other mental health practitioners about SMS.
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Doyle, James Frederick. "Attitudes toward hiring and working with homosexuals in Southern California law enforcement agencies." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1033.
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The purpose of this research is to examine the acceptability of male homosexuals in law enforcement as determined by those currently employed as sworn officers in Southern California. Law enforcement has historically been reluctant to accept "outsiders" within its ranks. It has only been within the last 25 years that women and minorities have sought to enter the law enforcement profession in significant numbers, and it took legislative action and law suits to make this a reality.
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Mpuka, Monika Michelle. "The attitudes of Namibian police officers towards lesbian and gay groups in the Katutura suburb." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65697.
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The plight of the LGBT community in has been pronounced Namibia with several individuals being discriminated, beaten and even arrested. More often than not, their human rights are abused by the community including the police who have a mandate to serve and protect all individuals. Feeling like social outcasts, some LGBTI persons have been pushed to extremities including considering suicide as an escape to the pressures of their often constricted world that is characterized by name-calling and insult. A quick survey of Namibia’s law reveals a conflicted position that is not clear on the legality of homosexuality. However in 2001, the Supreme Court in a landmark decision ruled that the Constitution does not criminalize homosexuality. Regardless of this critical ruling, the Namibian society remains a highly homophobic country whose political leaders have often issued instructions to arrest and deport homosexuals. The study therefore examines the history, tolerance and experiences of the LGBTI community in order to highlight the need to secure human rights for all. The idea of pursuing a study on the attitudes of police officers towards homosexuals finds its roots in the Wendelinus Hamutenya spectacle, a Namibian homosexual man who suffered violent homophobic attacks at his place of residence in Katutura. Mr Hamutenya had just returned from South Africa where he had been crowned the winner of Mr Gay Namibia, when a mob of men swooped on him. The gay man sought to press charges against his assailants and proceeded to the Wanaheda Police Station in Katutura where he opened up two complaints. This case comprised of assault with the intent to do grievously bodily harm, threats to murder, and crimen injuria. The researcher was overwhelmed with emotion upon learning that Mr Gay’s dockets had vanished from the police station and the police officers could not do anything as far as his cases were concerned.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Centre for Human Rights
MPhil
Unrestricted
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Jones, Matthew Leonard. "Cultures of difference : examining the career experiences and contributions of lesbian, gay and bisexual police officers post-Macpherson." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/59333/.
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This thesis examined the occupational experiences of lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) police officers in post-Macpherson police constabularies across England and Wales. It reports the findings of a qualitatively-driven mixed method study conducted between September 2010 and November 2011 combining a national online survey of LGB police officers (n = 836) with 43 semi-structured qualitative interviews. The research found that the workplace experiences of LGB police officers have been radically transformed since last empirically explored on this scale, now twenty years ago. These changes have been brought about by new political, social and economic climates of inclusivity and protection for LGB individuals that collectively induced a new policing ‘field’ in England and Wales at the turn of the new millennium, one that placed diversity and difference at its core. Drawing upon police cultural, symbolic interactionist and organisational perspectives, the thesis highlights how despite still being psychologically saddled by a complex cauldron of identity management strategies, LGB officers make legitimate contributions to the contemporary policing mission as internal agents of cultural change and as intermediaries between the public police and LGB communities. However, the research also highlights small pockets of resistance towards the inclusion of LGB officers evidenced by continued episodes of discrimination and prejudice. Similarly, the research identified anxieties and insecurities amongst LGB officers themselves related to the longevity of police diversity reform efforts. Although predominantly looking at the experiences and contributions of LGB officers in England and Wales as a collective, this research promotes the need for a heterogeneous and malleable understanding of policing by providing examples of how the experiences of LGB officers differ according to rank, area of police work and constabulary type.
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Broomfield, John S. "Policing and performing gay sexualities : how do gay men neg(oti)ate their sexual identities in the workplace and how does occupational setting frame these processes? : a comparative study into the working lives of gay male police officers and performers." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/100740/.
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This thesis explores the working realities of gay police officers and performers in relation to ‘gay-friendly’/‘gay-hostile’ worksites and embodied sexual identity, developing an understanding of the meanings gay workers attach to their working lives by mobilising conceptual resources primarily from sociology. Deep seated assumptions pervade current perceptions regarding gay male sexuality and certain occupations. The idea is that there are gay industries like fashion, nursing and the performing arts. In contrast, occupations such as the police and the armed forces are often seen as homophobic, yet a dearth of academic research investigates the lived experiences of gay men located within perceived ‘gay friendly’ or ‘gay hostile’ worksites. Acknowledging this as a missed opportunity for developing empirical insight, I bring to the fore the work realities of some of these overlooked people. Taking the performing arts as an example of a ‘gay-friendly’ occupation, the police as an example of a ‘gay-hostile’ occupation, and drawing on in-depth interview data with 20 gay performers/police officers, I show that the perspectives and experiences of these men allow us to nuance existing research on how LGB employees understand, value and experience ‘gay-friendly’ workplaces, an emerging construct in the organisation studies literature. Focusing on the significance of embodied, sexual identity for the performance of the occupational roles of interest allows this study to consider the relationship between gender and sexuality at work. Literature on the gendered nature of work along with the promising literature on (homo)sexuality in the workplace have proceeded relatively separately, with the exception of the literature on sexualized labour and the commodification of women's (assumed hetero)sexuality in sales-service work (Tyler, 1997). The effect is that the experience and performance of gender and/in/through sexuality at work has been neglected as a topic of empirical investigation. Although sociologists argue that sexuality cannot be understood without reference to gender, and vice versa, few organizational scholars explore the experiences of work with this in mind. This thesis addresses this gap in knowledge. It brings together the perspectives of gay performers and police officers and highlights the prevalence of a „gender imperative‟ throughout the day-to-day lives of these workers. In detailing the workplace experiences of my participants, this thesis also builds on existing studies that tend to focus solely on the general working lives of gay employees. Gay workers face important contextual issues relating to 'passing', 'coming out' and homophobia. Although these are key areas of interest to existing literature, studies so far fail to address these concepts in detail with reference to specific occupational settings. In other words, the research contributes to the area of lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) disclosure and management at work. Stigma-based models (Goffman, 1963) are particularly useful here in framing some of the empirical insights of my research.
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Collins, Joshua C. "A Critical Examination of the Experience of being a Gay Officer in the Masculinized Industry of Law Enforcement." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1447.
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The overarching purpose of this collected papers dissertation was to examine the experience of being a gay officer in the masculinized industry of law enforcement (LE). In general, in LE careers, gay men are less accepted, perceived as less capable and less masculine, and typecast or pigeonholed into certain roles. Yet, research on the lived experiences of gay male law enforcement officers (LEOs) is scant. This dissertation unfolded across three studies and four collected papers.
Study #1, a structured literature review of masculinized industries, supported a forward-looking understanding of what makes an industry masculinized, namely that these industries perpetuate implicit division between heterosexual and gay officers as a form of symbolic privilege and homo-resistance. Study #2, an explanatory and instrumental case study of gay former police officer Mike Verdugo, elucidated the possibility that LE, as a masculinized industry, may inhibit the experiences of gay LEOs by placing a greater value on the perspectives and opinions of heterosexual officers than on those of gay LEOs.
Study #3.1, a phenomenology utilizing inductive analysis, articulated five tacit rules of engagement that 12 gay LEOs perceived and followed as a part of a survival consciousness developed to enable them to cope with LE as a heterosexual context that dictates dissimilar experiences across the domains of gender and sexual orientation. Study #3.2, a phenomenology utilizing deductive analysis, was based on Derlega and Grzelak’s (1979) five functions of self-disclosure (expression, self-clarification, social validation, relationship development, and social control). Study #3.2 shed light on some important aspects of the disclosure experiences of the 12 gay LEO participants, among these aspects that coming out is not always an option and that heteronormativity and microagressions limit control over disclosure processes and decisions.
Overall, the insights from the data reported across all four collected papers provide clues for human resource and other professionals employed in law enforcement, who wish to be inclusive of gay officers but are not sure how to be so. The studies each provide hints that further understandings of how gay LEOs experience work as frequent exceptions to male privilege and gendered rules on the job.
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Barnes, Johnny L. "Don't Ask, Don't Tell: A Costly and Wasteful Policy ." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Sept%5FBarnes.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Defense Decision-Making and Planning)--Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 2004.Thesis advisor(s): Jeffrey Knopf. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-65, 67-76). Also available online.
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Fuss, Brian. "Implications for Public Policy Regarding Gay Seniors Living in Suburban Florida." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4724.
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In less than 20 years over 6 million lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals will be over 65 years old designated as seniors according to the Older Americans Act. When public policies for the aging population are implemented, LGBT individuals are forgotten, especially those living in nonmetropolitan areas. Using a purposeful convenience sample and a phenomenological approach 7 gay seniors residing in Florida suburban areas were interviewed to explore their lives as they age. Aging policies were investigated through the social construction of deservedness lens to ascertain individual political power while exploring (a) the challenges of living in suburban areas, (b) government services used as aging occurs, and (c) connection to the larger LGBT community as these men moved away from metropolitan areas and age. Using a phenomenological interpretive design, findings illustrated these men can choose different constructions, yet seldom disclosed their sexuality for fear of being labeled as a deviant. Four major themes emerged: each man recognized aging is difficult for all seniors but gay men living in suburban areas deal with a lack of gay friendly services; daily discrimination causes many to go back into the closet; government policies for the aging include anti-discrimination against sexual orientation but does not encourage free expression of sexual orientation; and, active involvement in LBGT communities often ceases. Positive social change emerges by using these findings to provide lawmakers with information regarding current aging policies and the realized marginalization of policy constituents in hopes of crafting supporting legislation that is more inclusive of the nonmetropolitan-residing LGBT community.
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Hill, Caroline. "Framing "Gay Propaganda": The Orthodox Church and Morality Policy in Russia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-314202.
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The adoption of laws in the Russian Federation prohibiting propaganda of homosexuality and “non-traditional sexual relationships” to minors at the regional and federal levels, respectively, has raised questions regarding the role of the Russian Orthodox Church in politics. This project shall evaluate public statements by clerics and other figures serving in the Orthodox Church from 2011 through 2013, as well as interviews conducted with clerics of the Moscow Patriarchate in order to analyze the strategies employed when arguing against public expressions of homosexuality. Drawing upon the concepts of framing and morality policy, I will argue that secular, rational-instrumental arguments have prevailed over moral-religious and procedural appeals. In addition, I will show that transformative framing by some Church figures points to ambitions for more comprehensive moral and religious changes at the individual level, and religious, societal, and legislative changes at the national level in Russia.
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Billman, Jeffrey. "MARRIAGE FOR SOME: EXPLAINING THE VARIATION IN GAY RIGHTS AND MARRIAGE POLICY AND OPINION AMONG STATES AND INDIVIDUALS." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3395.
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This research aims to answer a simple question: Why are some individuals, and some states, more willing to extend protections to same-sex couples than are others? Drawing from the literature, I perform a battery of quantitative tests on variables most commonly associated with gay rights and gay marriage policy development: liberalism, education, age, religiosity, authoritarianism, tolerance, urbanization, and moral traditionalism. While I find that all of these variables have a relationship with gay rights and gay marriage opinion, I argue that those associated with religiosity have the strongest pull. However, religiosity does not act alone; moral traditionalism, age, and ideology play particularly robust roles as well. In conclusion, I contend that the data show a strong likelihood for the continued liberalization of gay rights and gay marriage policy into the foreseeable future.M.A.
Department of Political Science
Health and Public Affairs
Political Science MA
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Judge, Andrew. "Securitisation and European natural gas policy." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2012. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18959.
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European energy policy is generally regarded as one of the most longstanding failures of the process of integration. However in recent years there has been an intensification of efforts to establish an internal market for gas and work towards a common energy policy. In parallel to these developments, concerns about energy security have reappeared on the political agenda after a long absence, partly due to rising oil prices, energy dependence and the recent disruptions of gas supplies from Russia. This expansion of EU energy policy activity in parallel to increased energy security concerns suggests a possible linkage between the two. The aim of this thesis is to examine this relationship through the perspective of securitisation theory, utilising but also extending the framework of the Copenhagen School. More specifically, it aims to analyse the process through which natural gas supplies in the European Union were securitised and explore its impact on the pace of European integration. Discourse analysis and process tracing, enriched with a set of elite-interviews are used to answer these questions. Two case-studies of energy security, concerning the internal market and the security of supply standards are explored in a comparative manner. The analysis demonstrates that while high levels of securitisation have had a negative impact on negotiations for the former, they have had a positive impact and have accelerated the europeanisation of the later.
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Whisnant, Clayton John. "Hamburg's gay scene in the era of family politics, 1945-1969." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3033589.
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Chen, Yuna. "Closing the productivity gap and trade policy." FIU Digital Commons, 1997. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2150.
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The relationship between trade policy and productivity growth is regarded as ambiguous in the literature. This dissertation examines under what condition the relationship would be positive (or negative). Through the use of static and dynamic analysis, we find two conflicting effects (the pro-protection effect and the pro-competitive effect) that cause the relationship to be ambiguous. If there exists a productivity gap between the import-competing and foreign industries, and if the level o f protection is low (high), the relationship is positive (negative). We also show that the import-competing firm responds to a change in the protection level by choosing a level of investment in innovation which yields a different rate of productivity growth. The policy implication, therefore, is that a trade-policy maker should set the trade protection at a level which induces the firm to choose the highest rate of productivity growth, and, as a result, leading the firm to close the initial productivity gap in the most efficient way.
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Åmotsbakken, Mattis Dahl. "Explaining Russian crisis-management : Foreign Policy Analysis of Russian policies in the 2006 and 2009 gas-crises with Ukraine." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for sosiologi og statsvitenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-17455.
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Olesniewicz, Timothy J. "Unanticipated Consequences of Regional Greenhouse Gas Policies: Criteria Emissions and the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiave." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/OlesniewiczTJ2008.pdf.
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Strouse, Kevin R. "Russian natural gas enabler of uncooperative foreign policy /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/489029657/viewonline.
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Oliver, Edward Michael Carleton University Dissertation Sociology and Anthropology. "Gays: masculine hegemony and the police subculture; an Ottawa case-study." Ottawa, 1995.
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Åberg, Anna. "A Gap in the Grid : Attempts to introduce natural gas in Sweden 1967-1991." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Teknik- och vetenskapshistoria, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-121546.
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This thesis follows the process of introducing natural gas in Sweden and the construction of a Northern European gas grid from 1967 to 1991. Natural gas is a relatively unnoticed fuel in Sweden today, but this relative anonymity stands in contrast to an extensive historical activity that has taken place behind the scenes of Swedish energy policy. The single pipeline constructed between Denmark and Sweden in the early 1980s was both preceded and followed by many other attempts to construct a larger natural gas pipeline in the region made in the last 50 years. Åberg traces these attempts while discussing the complex and messy process of constructing and managing a transnational energy infrastructure.Åberg follows actors in Sweden and other countries in their attempts to negotiate and construct a natural gas infrastructure, and puts this process into a national as well as transnational context. The perceived risks and opportunities surrounding natural gas are examined, together with factors that have influenced the development of natural gas in a broader sense. By seeing the changing and messy natural gas projects as arenas where different actors construct and negotiate risks and opportunities, as well as contexualize the projects, Åberg shows how the natural gas sector in Sweden has evolved and taken shape.The study shows that natural gas in Sweden has suffered from unstable actor coalitions on different levels, a difficult market situation, and a changeful political context, especially with regard to energy policy. The import status of the fuel and the consequential transnationality of the natural gas infrastructure have also made the process of constructing a pipeline more complex. However, natural gas was introduced in Sweden, showing that when a strong enough actor coalition agreed that there was enough reason to warrant a natural gas introduction and was ready to join this endeavor, a connection could be achieved. This puts into question to what degree general explanations in terms of finance and policy drive energy decisions, and makes a case for showing how these explanations are adapted into their social and historical contexts in sometimes surprising ways.QC 20130507
The integration of energy markets across system and nation boundaries
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Schwietzke, Stefan. "Atmospheric Impacts of Biofuel and Natural Gas Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Policy Implications." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2013. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/299.
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Many studies have recently reported estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and associated potential climate impacts of biofuel and natural gas (NG) use. U.S. corn ethanol production keeps increasing under federal mandates, and NG production soars due to successful tapping of unconventional resources in North America, particularly shale gas. Numerous life cycle assessment (LCA) studies document technology specific corn ethanol and NG GHG estimates. The estimates often include all life cycle stages from fuel supply to combustion, and point out potential for emissions reductions.
Several studies suggest that using GHG emissions as an evaluation metric underestimates corn ethanol’s radiative forcing (RF) impact – a precursor and indicator for global temperature change – by 10-90% over the next few decades. This emissions timing effect may overestimate (i) ethanol’s climate benefits over gasoline and (ii) the effectiveness of U.S. policies mandating and subsidizing ethanol. This work revisits the above studies, and builds upon existing models to quantify RF impacts across the corn ethanol life cycle. The emissions timing factor (ETF) is significantly smaller than previous estimates (2-13% depending on the chosen impact time frame), and the effect is dwarfed by uncertainty in the GHG emissions estimates. Nevertheless, ETF reduces ethanol’s probability of meeting the federal target of 20% GHG reduction relative to gasoline from 53% (according to EPA GHG estimates) to 7-29%. However, the small potential climate impacts from U.S. ethanol use may not actually be observable based on estimated initial increases in global average surface temperature of < 0.001 °C.
About 25% of global primary energy production comes from NG, whose life cycle GHG emissions and potential future climate impacts from substituting coal are highly uncertain due to fugitive methane (CH4) emissions from the NG industry. Accurately quantifying the NG fugitive emissions (FE) rate – the percentage of produced NG, mainly CH4 and ethane (C2H6) – released to the atmosphere is challenging due to the size and complexity of the NG industry. Recent LCA estimates suggest that the current NG FE rate could be as high as 8% and 6%, from shale and conventional NG, respectively, and other bottom-up studies indicate even higher rates several decades ago. This work analyzes possible ranges of the global average NG FE rate based on atmospheric CH4, C2H6, and carbon isotope (δ13C-CH4) measurements recorded since 1984, and top-down modeling of their sources and sinks.
Box-model, δ13C-CH4mass balance, and 3D-modeling results agree on best estimate NG FE rates of 3-5% (of dry NG production and dry NG composition) globally over the past decade, and 5-8% around 1990. Upper bound FE rates are 5% and 7% in 2010 and 2000, respectively. Best estimate and upper bound values may be overestimated because both assume lower bound emissions from oil and coal production as well as complete absence of natural hydrocarbon seepage. While LCA studies are useful for identifying processes with the greatest NG FE reduction potential, the recent high bottom-up estimates do not appear representative of the U.S. national average based on top-down modeling results. Given the steadily declining NG FE rates one may expect that further emissions abatement is possible if industry practices are further improved.
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Le, Minh Thong. "Le rôle des gaz conventionnels et non-conventionnels dans la transition énergétique en Asie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAE007/document.
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Les problématiques de l’énergie et de l’environnement sont un des principaux défis pour l’humanité au XXIème siècle. La croissance mondiale de la demande d’énergie est confrontée aux préoccupations environnementales (y compris la pollution, le réchauffement climatique et la réduction des émissions de CO2), en particulier dans les régions en croissance économique rapide comme l’Asie. Le transfert de l’utilisation des sources d’énergies traditionnelles comme le charbon, le pétrole, vers les sources d’énergie plus propres et des énergies renouvelables est une tendance inévitable à l’avenir. Dans le contexte actuel, le gaz naturel est considéré comme une source d’énergie propre qui jouera un rôle important dans le processus de transition énergétique vers une économie bas-carbone. Les conséquences pour les marchés de gaz naturel peuvent être considérables. La condition d’une telle évolution est de disposer d’une offre en gaz naturel importante. Le développement du gaz non conventionnel, en particulier le gaz de schiste, fournit une opportunité d’expansion de l’approvisionnement gazier mondial comme le montre la « révolution du gaz de schiste » aux États- Unis. Celle-ci a profondément modifié les marchés gaziers régionaux. Toutefois, cette « révolution » n’est guère reproductible à d’autres régions du monde. Cette thèse démontre en particulier qu’en dehors des facteurs géologiques, des conditions institutionnelles (fiscalité, droits de propriété), économiques (prix, technologies) et organisationnelles (libéralisation des marchés) sont nécessaires pour assurer un développement à grande échelle des ressources non conventionnelles. Cette thèse montre que ces conditions ne sont pour la plupart pas réunies ni en Europe ni en Asie (notamment en Chine). Dès lors, une transition par le gaz pour répondre aux enjeux climatiques en Asie se fera par la voie des importations et non par une production propre à la région. A partir de trois scénarios du modèle POLES basés sur des hypothèses de politique climatique, de développement du gaz de schiste et d’augmentation rapide de la demande de gaz dans le mix énergétique, en particulier en Asie, deux principales conclusions émergent. Tout d’abord, l’importance du développement des gaz de schistes aux USA, leur bas coût de production induisent au niveau mondial une offre de gaz abondante et compétitive par rapport à d’autres énergies notamment par rapport au charbon. Par conséquent, même sans politique climatique, les conditions sont réunies pour que la part du gaz naturel puisse croître dans le mix énergétique. Deuxièmement, une politique climatique affirmée a des effets contradictoires quant à l’importance du gaz naturel dans les mix énergétiques des pays asiatiques. D’un côté elle permet une pénétration plus importante du gaz naturel dans leur mix énergétique. Mais dans le même temps, limitant la demande d’énergie, les volumes de gaz naturel demandés ne sont que légèrement plus importants que dans des scénarios sans politique climatiqueEnergy and environmental issues are one of the main challenges for humanity in the 21st century. Global growth in energy demand links to environmental concerns including pollution, global warming and reduction of CO2 emissions. In particular, it is an urgent request in rapidly growing developing regions such as Asian countries. Using cleaner energy sources, renewable energy instead of traditional energy sources like coal and oil is an inevitable option in the future. In the current context, natural gas is seen as a clean energy source which plays a major role in the energy transition process towards a low-carbon economy. The consequences for natural gas markets are significant and the condition of this change is an abundant supply of natural gas. The development of unconventional gas, particularly shale gas, provides an opportunity to expand the global gas supply. This is illustrated by the “shale gas revolution” in US which has profoundly changed the regional gas markets. However, this "revolution" is hardly reproducible in other regions of the world. This thesis demonstrates particularly that apart from geological, institutional conditions (taxation, property rights), economic (prices, technologies) and organizational (free markets) are necessary for a large scale development of unconventional resources. This research also shows that most of these conditions are not met in Europe or Asia (especially in China). Therefore, an energy transition by natural gas to meet climate challenges in Asia will be solved through imports, rather than through regional production. From three scenarios of the POLES model based on assumptions about climate policy, shale gas development and rapid increase of demand for gas in the energy mix (particularly in Asia), two main conclusions emerge. The developments of shale gas with low cost in the USA make the global gas supply abundant and more competitive than other energies, particularly coal. Therefore, even without climate policy, the conditions are ripe for the increaseof natural gas proportion in the energy mix. Secondly, a strong climate policy has contradictory effects on the relative share of natural gas in the Asian energy mix. On the one hand, it allows natural gas larger penetration into the energy mix of Asia. But at the same time, with limitation of energy demand, requested natural gas volumes are only slightly higher than in scenarios without climate policy
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Hansman, Glen Philip. "Politics of minority interest / politics of difference and antinormativity : "positive change" and building "queer-friendly" schools in Vancouver, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2866.
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This project examines “positive change” with regard to queer/LGBTTITQetc.
education-activism in Vancouver, British Columbia directed at building what has been
described as “queer-friendly schools” through the development and implementation of
policy, as well as activist work connected to those efforts. I employ elements of
autoethnography and participatory research by documenting and analyzing my education-activist
work in this context and that of others with whom I have done this work. I situate
this project within the broader context of the education system and queer/LGBTTITQetc.
education-activist efforts in British Columbia.
In the process, I problematize what is meant by or capable of activism and
“positive change.” As demonstrated in the literature review, various understandings of
sexuality, gender, activism, educational leadership, and “positive change” are available to
inform queer/LGBTTITQetc. education-activism. This thesis examines how these
understandings sit in tension with the practicalities, limitations, and contradictions of
activist engagement at the school district level of a complex, politicized public school
system.
My engagement with the literature, documentation of the practical work, and
exploration of a number of guiding questions with the project’s participants comprise the
bulk of this project.
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Rådestad, Carl. "Role of the Individual in Crisis Management Policies : Using a Human Security Perspective to Understand the Gap Between Policy and Reality." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323279.
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The purpose of this study is twofold; to apply a human security perspective on our understanding of the individual’s role in crisis management policies and to explore how the issue of the individual’s role is represented in policies from the Swedish Contingencies Agency (MSB). Carol Bacchi’s post-structural policy analysis method “What’s the problem represented to be” (WPR) is used to problematize and understand these representations. The method enabled the author to shed light on how the issue is constructed and represented in policy. Interviews with MSB personnel and other professionals served as a valuable complement to get an inside perspective. This study concludes that the role of the individual is represented in terms of economic efficiency, where the individual is viewed as a resource and not an actor. Furthermore, efforts to include and inform the individual is limited to a representation of survival, not empowerment. This has implications for the policies effects and the realization of political goals for a resilient society. This study also concludes that a crisis management structure based on a human security perspective will be more capable of including the individual. Without a human security perspective, the individual will be caught between policy and reality, and the policies intended to include the individual will not produce the desired outcome.
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Harvey, Cllr Paul. "American defence policy and the gap in grand strategy." Thesis, University of Reading, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515762.
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Kelly, Geoffrey. "National policy choices for an international problem case studies in greenhouse policy /." Access electronically, 2008. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/86.
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Sessoms, Tony Lionel. "Gay and Bisexual American Men in South Korea Who Reported Testing HIV Negative." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/764.
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Gay and bisexual men in the United States and South Korea have some of the highest HIV rates in their countries, and both have the fewest sex education programs and policies for gay and bisexual males in secondary and postsecondary school systems. Consequently, many South Koreans do not view HIV as a South Korean problem, and with American gay and bisexual men living in this type of environment, their HIV sexual protection knowledge and practices may be compromised. The purpose of this study was to gain more understanding and insight into the sex education experiences and sexual practices of gay and bisexual American men living in a large city in South Korea, to determine how they perceived their sex education experiences from the American school system. The theoretical framework was based on Husserl and Heidegger's theory of intentionality. A phenomenological method was employed, utilizing a purposeful and criterion sample of 6 gay and bisexual American men who experienced sex education in the American school system and reported testing HIV negative on their last HIV tests. Data were analyzed and coded to identify categories and themes. The findings revealed that the participants who experienced heterosexual-focused sex education did not find it useful to them as gay men. The implications of these findings for positive social change are to inform policy makers and education leaders of how gay and bisexual American men perceived their sex education experiences and of the value of providing diverse, comprehensive sex education in the school system as it relates to knowledge about HIV and HIV prevention, not only for gay and bisexual males but for all American students as a tool to reduce or prevent new HIV cases.
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Blackwell, Christopher Wright. "Registered Nurses' Attitudes Toward the Protection of Gays and Lesbians in the Workplace: An Examination of Homophobia and Discriminatory Beliefs." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4315.
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Discrimination and inequality encountered by gays and lesbians in the United States is profuse. A cornerstone of the gay rights movement, equality in the workplace has been a pivotal struggle for gays and lesbians. This study examined the attitudes and opinions of registered nurses (RNs) regarding homosexuals in general and the protection of homosexuals in the workplace through a nondiscrimination policy. The author measured overall homophobic and discriminatory beliefs of the sample using the Attitudes Toward Lesbian and Gay Men (ATLG) Scale; the demographic questionnaire was infused with questions regarding a protective workplace policy. Using T-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and structural equation modeling (SEM), correlations between independent variables (gender, age, religious association, belief in the "free choice" model of homosexuality, education level, exposure to homosexuals through friends and/or family associations, race/ethnicity, and support or non-support of a workplace nondiscrimination policy protective of gay men and lesbians) with the dependent variable of homophobia were explored.Ph.D.
Other
Health and Public Affairs
Public Affairs: Ph.D.
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Phillips, Jeffrey Paul Truman. "Collecting rent : political culture and oil and gas fiscal policy in Alberta, Canada and Norway." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1531.
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This paper seeks to explain divergent policies toward oil and gas development across two jurisdictions, Alberta, Canada and Norway. Empirical evidence reveals that Norway collects a significantly higher portion of available economic rent from oil and gas activities than Alberta. Edwards (1987) postulates that if we assume governments have similar economic objectives (e.g. to receive the highest possible levels of revenue from the exploitation of a depleting natural resource), then it is to be expected that oil and gas policy outputs in various states would be similar. Why then did Norway develop a policy regime that allows it to capture comparatively higher levels of economic rent? The puzzle is even more interesting given the fact that Alberta and Norway are both advanced, industrialized, mature democracies that share many institutional characteristics.
In response to this question, this paper presents a framework that links contemporary variations in rent collection performance to early government policies in Alberta and Norway. Several alternative explanations are tested as a means for understanding these divergent policies: resource differences approaches, bargaining power explanation, and political institutional differences. Finding each of these alternative explanations insufficient, it is argued that fundamental differences in political culture are important for understanding variations in early policies and ultimately in rent collection performance.
The implications of this research are important both theoretically and empirically. For one, the analysis overcomes some of the traditional shortcomings of political culture analyses by delineating the specific dimensions of political culture that impacted policy outcomes. The analysis is pushed further by hypothesizing the intervening mechanism linking political culture to policy outcomes, namely motives. On the empirical side, there is a dearth in the political-economy literature dealing with why oil and gas fiscal policy outputs differ between developed states. This research seeks to fill this gap by focusing on how political culture can affect oil and gas policy.
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Holliday, Michelle Lauren. "The Use of Anti-Bullying Policies to Protect LGBT Youth: Teacher and Administrator Perspectives on Policy Implementation." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2921.
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Although in recent years there has been increased attention on bullying prevention and bullying legislation in the United States, there is limited research on the implementation of anti-bullying policies. Moreover, few studies have addressed the use of anti-bullying policies to protect LGBT youth from bullying. The present study seeks to examine the role of anti-bullying policies as a means to protect against bullying based on perceived sexual orientation and gender identity. Qualitative interviews with high school teachers, administrators, and staff members within an urban school district in the United States were conducted to gain insight into how those charged with the task of protecting LGBT youth engage with their school and district policy in efforts to create a supportive environment for their students. In this study, I argue the following: 1) the policy structure, both in the language of the state law and district policy on bullying, created barriers for schools to implement the anti-bullying policy; 2) the barriers created by the policy structure limited teachers' ability to protect LGBT youth from bullying; and 3) despite the evident barriers, teachers found ways to create supportive classroom environments for their students. Results indicate that teachers are not knowledgeable of the contents of their school's anti-bullying policy, and have had limited exposure to the policy through training specific to their school's anti-bullying policy. Similar results occurred when teachers and administrators were questioned about their awareness of trainings specific to the prevention of bullying against LGBT youth, posing significant barriers to effective policy implementation. In addition, interview data suggests that although teachers lack the sufficient support in terms of training on the anti-bullying policy, there were multiple examples of teachers serving as advocates for LGBT youth in both their classrooms and in their schools more broadly. The displays of advocacy by teachers, in addition to the presence of district and school administrator support for LGBT students, serve as an example of how school districts can find ways to implement school policies, address bullying in their schools, and raise awareness for the unique experiences of LGBT youth in terms of bullying.
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Zeng, Lei. "Clean development Mechanism (CDM) Policy and Implementation in China." Licentiate thesis, Västerås : Department of Public Technology, Mälardalen University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-163.
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Dodd, William Michael. "Reservoir operating policy : closing the gap between practice and theory." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/127.
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Kravets, Nadiya. "Domestic sources of Ukraine's foreign policy : examining key cases of policy towards Russia, 1991-2009." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:65602e5c-0a42-4ff4-95d2-14b58e763187.
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Ukraine’s foreign policy has puzzled observers since the dissolution of the Soviet Union due to its unusual inconsistency. This inconsistency exhibited itself in contradictory decisions by the Ukrainian executive carried out within a short period of time, which signalled either greater cooperation with Russia and relative cooling of relations with the West, or integration into Western institutions and worsening of the relations with Moscow. This study aims to explain the inconsistency by examining the sources of Ukraine’s foreign policy through process-tracing in four policy cases: Ukraine’s renouncement of nuclear weapons (1991-1994), the status of the Black Sea Fleet (1991-1997), the Odesa-Brody pipeline (2002-2004), and the 2006-2009 gas disputes. Contrary to dominant interpretations of Ukraine’s foreign policy vacillation that emphasise the role of external influences, especially that of Russia and the West, this study concludes that Ukraine’s inconsistent foreign policy decisions are best explained by domestic factors – intra-executive divisions and the influence of vested interests on policy-making. The work relies on the use of primary sources including archival research, elite interviews, and Ukrainian and Russian newspaper reports.
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Osterbur, Megan E. "When is it Our Time?: An Event History Model of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Rights Policy Adoption." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1471.
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Gays and lesbians have long struggled for their rights as citizens, yet only recently has their struggle been truly politicized in a way that fosters mobilization. When and why social movements coalesce despite the many obstacles to collective action are fundamental questions in comparative politics. While examining social movements is worthwhile, it is important to examine not only when and why a social movement forms, but also when and why a social movement is successful. This dissertation tackles the latter of these objectives, focusing on when and why social movements have success in terms of their duration from the time of their formation until their desired policy output is produced.
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Billman, Jeffrey C. "Marriage for some explaining the variation in gay rights and marriage policy and opinion among states and individuals /." Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2010. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0003020.
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Dunn, Peter. "Abuse around difference : a sociological exploration of gay men's experiences of 'hate crime' and policy responses to it." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2010. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/495/.
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This thesis explores gay men's experiences of 'hate crime' and its aftermath. The consequences of their victimisation and the meanings that participants in this research attached to the processes involved are described. Criminal justice policy concerning hate crime is based on the premise that it is more harmful to victims and communities than crime motivated by other factors. That, it has been argued elsewhere, is an assumption. Harmful consequences that participants associated with homophobic victimisation and the interaction of racism and homophobia in particular, are suggested by the accounts of victimisation and its consequences. While the immediate impact of hate-motivated victimisation and other offending were similar, many participants described a series of damaging consequences that flowed from their victimisation. These seemed contingent upon masculine norms that they had challenged, and the pervasive nature of homophobia that, it is argued, hampered effective responses to homophobic victimisation. Participants' experiences are considered alongside developments in criminal justice policy and practice about 'hate crime'. These are often presented as evidence that victims are now ‘at the heart of the criminal justice system’ in the UK. Yet many of the participants felt marginalised by their contact with state authorities, identifying few valued outcomes from having sought help and protection. Official accounts of improvements in police responses to 'hate crime' in London and police engagement with minority communities are compared with participants’ experiences. In parallel to criminal justice developments, support organisations have sought to improve their services to victims of hate crime. Their effectiveness is considered: the data suggests that aspects of their work that participants found unhelpful were similar to those of state authorities that were experienced as ineffective. A minority of participants valued the help they received, and implications of the study's findings for policing and support services are suggested.
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Basistha, Arabinda. "Essays on monetary policy and the ouput gap in the US /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7493.
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Young, Elizabeth V. "FIRST AMENDMENT POLITICS IN APPLACHIA: THE GAP BETWEEN POLICY AND PRACTICE." Ohio University Art and Sciences Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouashonors1371637890.
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Al-Imam, Jamal D. "U.S. Foreign Policy and the Soviet Gas Pipeline to Western Europe." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc663015/.
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This paper surveys U.S. foreign policy in the late 1970s and early 1980s as the American administration reacted to the Soviet Union's interventions in Afghanistan and Poland and to its planned gas pipeline to Western Europe. Chapter I outlines the origins of the pipeline project; Chapters II and III describe U.S. foreign policy toward the Soviets during the Carter and Reagan administrations. Chapter IV focuses on the economic sanctions imposed against the Soviet Union by the United States and their failure to block or delay the pipeline, and Chapter V stresses the inability of economic sanctions-- in this and other instances--to achieve political ends.
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Easaw, Joshy Zachariah. "Network access regulation and competition policy : the UK contract gas market." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30156.
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Increasingly policy-makers and regulatory theorists have focused on network access regulation. This thesis examines the role of network access regulation as part of a regulator's overall competition policy or strategy to introduce competition into privatised industries. It examines in detail recent theoretical models of network access regulation. The analysis is undertaken in the context of the UK contract gas market. British Gas (BG) was privatised in 1986, and the gas industry structure remained vertically integrated. The incumbent, or in the present case, BG, retains control of the gas network transmission while competing in the final goods, or retail, market. The present research provides a theoretical framework examining the impact of regulatory and competition policies with respect to both the final goods market and network access, on the competitive process in the contract gas market. This is done using a unique dataset on the UK contract gas market made available by a leading gas analyst and broker; John Hall Associates. The theoretical analysis distinguishes between the potential strategic advantage of both BG and the main competing shippers. BG, as the incumbent in the vertically integrated industry, has pre-entry advantages, while the main competing shippers who are wholly or partially owned by North Sea gas producers and operate as downstream firms in the retail market potentially have post-entry advantage. The entrants pricing behaviour followed a distinct and separate path to that of BG's. An empirical analysis of the entrants' pricing behaviour is conducted. This is done within the context of supergames or repeated games explanation of dynamic oligopoly behaviour. The relationship between access charges and market structure, or the level of market concentration is also empirically established, which shows the impact of access charges on the competitive process, market structure and final goods prices. The estimates are used to give an empirical application of the "Direct-plus-Opportunity Cost Regime" (DORC) model of access pricing. Consequently, the various policy options and choices open to a policy-maker are considered.
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Nandakumar, Neha. "Computational models of natural gas markets for gas-fired generators." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108213.
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Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-72).
Climate change is a major factor reforming the world's energy landscape today, and as electricity consumes 40% of total energy, huge efforts are being undertaken to reduce the carbon footprint within the electricity sector. The electric sector has been taking steps to reform the grid, retiring carbon-intensive coal plants, increasing renewable penetration, and introducing cyber elements end-to-end for monitoring, estimating, and controlling devices, systems, and markets. Due to retirements of coal plants, discovery of shale gas leading to low natural gas prices, and geopolitical motives to reduce dependence on foreign oil, natural gas is becoming a major fuel source for electricity around the United States. In addition, with increasingly intermittent renewable sources in the grid, there is a need for a readily available, clean, and flexible back-up fuel; natural gas is sought after in New England to serve this purpose as a reliable and guaranteed fuel in times when wind turbines and solar panels cannot produce. While research has been conducted advocating natural gas pipeline expansion projects to ensure this reliability, not enough attention has been paid to the overall market structure in the natural gas and electricity infrastructures which can also impact reliable delivery of gas and therefore efficient interdependency between the two infrastructures. This thesis explores the market structures in natural gas and electricity, the interdependence of natural gas and electricity prices with increasing reliance on natural gas as the penetration of renewable energy resources (RER) increases in order to complement their intermittencies, possible volatilities in these prices with varying penetration rates in RER, and alternatives to existing market structures that improve reliability and reduce volatility in electricity and gas prices. In particular, the thesis will attempt to answer the following two questions: What will the generation mix look like in 2030 and how will this impact gas and electricity prices? How do Gas-Fired Generator (GFG) bids for gas change between 2015 and 2030? In order to answer these questions, a computational model is determined using regression analysis tools and an auction model. Data from the New England region in terms of prices, generation, and demand is used to determine these models.
by Neha Nandakumar.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
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Aridici, Nuray. "Ideas & foreign policy : the institutionalisation of the 'Russian idea' in Russia's foreign natural gas policy towards Ukraine." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10078/.
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This thesis examines the institutionalisation of ideas in Russian foreign policy in order to gain a better understanding of Russian foreign natural gas policy and its broader implications on Russian/CIS relations. The main goal of this study is to explore how the Putin’s Presidency marked a change in Russian foreign policy (after 2000) after the previous decade of ‘liberalisation’ and ‘westernisation’. Drawing upon an engagement between historical institutionalism and Foreign Policy Analysis, the thesis focuses on how domestic arrangements, and relations between formal and informal institutions within Russia, impact on foreign natural gas policy. The thesis argues that after 2000, we see the emergence of a renewed form of Russian nationalism which has broader implications for the practice of government. Under the notion of the new "Russian idea", Russian-ness became increasingly defined by civilisational superiority and this underpins a new style of governing called ‘sovereign democracy’. This shapes the direction of foreign natural gas policy, and is even articulated through informal institutions such as the media and private companies. Utilising a case study on the Ukraine, the thesis reveals how the institutionalisation of the ‘Russian idea’ at the domestic level has important implications for Russia’s relations with its ‘near abroad’. As the 2014 Maiden crisis illustrates, the politics of Russian civilisational ‘patriotism’ also has wider repercussions for Europe and the ‘West’. Whilst focussing on natural gas policy, this thesis reveals the importance of the 'Russian idea' on foreign policy.
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Aghogin, Bemigho Victor. "Gas flaring, government policies and regulations in Nigeria : 2008, a myth or reality / V.B. Aghogin." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/3633.
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The issue of gas flaring and the attendant environmental effects have become a common sight in the Niger Delta. Apart from being a wastage of natural resources, it is a menace to the global existence of man. The incidences of acid rain and the disruption of economic life of the locals, basically farming and fishing, have led to consistent and irresistible agitation by the people of the Niger Delta for an end to gas flaring. The consistent release of harmful gases through gas flaring, with devastating effect on the surrounding environment of the Niger Delta region is discussed in this work.
This dissertation examines why successive governments have not succeeded in their quest for a solution to gas flaring; policies and regulations are not being effectively implemented, and why despite the fact that flaring has been outlawed in Nigeria since 1st January 1984, it is still going on 24 years after. Flaring continues unabated undermining the consequences it has on the people and the effects on climate change.
Interviews and case studies were used to examine the factors responsible for the non implementation of government policies and regulations, and why the consistent extension of flare-out deadline. Countries with outstanding results were examined in order to draw a baseline for the Nigeria situation.
The research revealed that the Nigerian government has not enforced environmental regulations effectively because of its interests in the business of the multinationals. In addition there has been the dependence of environmental monitoring and regulatory agencies on government funding. This has drastically affected the proficiencies of the control and the insignificant penalties imposed on companies that flare gas.
The need for government to play the role of an umpire rather than business partner with the multinationals is therefore of paramount importance. It is also pertinent that the regulatory and monitoring agencies be independent of government's supervision. More stringent measures, (ranging from more cost per a thousand standard cubic feet of gas flared to closure of platform(s) and/or outright withdrawal of license), should also be put in place to serve as deterrent to erring oil companies.Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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Thitiratsakul, Thunhavich, and Thatee Diawpanich. "The Employment Gap between immigrants and natives in European countries : The importance of integration policy and origin." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26750.
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We study the employment gap between immigrants and natives in 16 European countries and the effect of integration policies and country of origin. In this paper, we want to answer 3 main questions. First, is there employment gap between natives and immigrants? Using the European Social Survey, we found that employment gap exists for both male and female immigrants compare to natives because of their characteristics are different from natives. Second, how do various integration policies affect the employment probability of immigrants? Using Migration Integration Policy Index, the result shows that some integration policies are beneficial to immigrants but some are not. Lastly, how do various countries of origin characteristics affect the employment probability of immigrants? Using data from the World Bank and the United Nation Development Program, we found that Human development index and labor force participation rate of the origin country affects immigrants in positive effects of probability of being employed.
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McKay, Terrence Penn. "Minding the gap : filling the public security gap in post-war societies." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7264.
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Platt, David B. "School Climate as Experienced by Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Students| A Mixed Methods Study on the Effects of Fair Act Implementation and Role Models." Thesis, Concordia University Irvine, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10269055.
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Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) students do not have the same experiences at school as their heterosexual and cisgender classmates. Whether the climate is characterized as less welcoming or hostile, either way it leads to disparate outcomes in the form of lower GPA (Aragon, Poteat, Espelage, & Koenig, 2014), decreased likelihood of post-high-school education (Bart, 1998), and threats to both emotional (Kann et al., 2011; Saewyc, Konishi, Rose, & Homma, 2014) and physical (Hatzenbuehler, Bellatorre, et al., 2014) well-being. This study began with a quantitative study of the climate, as reported by LGBT students, at 9 Southern California high schools. Survey data were analyzed using a t-test and an ANOVA to determine if there was a difference in school climate based on 2 independent variables: (a) implementation of the FAIR Act, requiring, among other things, positive representations of LGBT people in social science classes, and (b) the presence of out LGBT staff members. No statistically significant difference was found for these variables. Data were also analyzed using a multiple regression to determine whether any component of school climate served as a predictor of students’ positive affect. Here, a connection was found: students exhibiting self-protective behavior, like skipping class or avoiding restrooms and locker rooms, have a lower ratio of positive to negative emotions. In the second phase of the study, school staff were interviewed. As they shared their interpretation of the quantitative results and their efforts to improve school climate, a unifying idea emerged: school climate can improve over time with consistent, deliberate effort from the entire school community.
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Arend, Abdul Moeain. "Constructing the gap between past and present literacy practices in the South African Police Service." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10066.
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Bibliography: leaves 160-164.The study seeks to answer the research question: "What constructs the gap between past and present literacy practices in the South African Police Service (SAPS)?" To answer the research question, ethnographic methods were employed to gather data in a police station on the Cape Flats, renamed Phatisanani police station. In researching the gap between past and present literacy practices of police officers in the station, the effects the shift in institutional discourses from the early years of the South African Police (SAP), to after the 1994 democratic elections in South Africa had on police officers' professional discourses and their associated literacy practices were illuminated. The study suggests that institutional discourses after 1994 are conflicting with the professional discourse and associated literacy practices of police officers at Phatisanani police station. The research argues that the conflict between contemporary institutional discourses in the SAPS and the professional discourse of police officers in the station is leading to 'disorder of discourses' (Wodak, 199B). Drawing on theories from the New Literacy Studies the research concludes that the gap between past and present literacy practices in the SAPS is embedded in the 'disorder' between contemporary institutional and professional discourses, the 'disorder' between the social roles of 'insiders' and 'outsiders'; and the recontextualisation of literacy practices across various sites of practice in the SAP prior to 1994.
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Long, Laurie C. "Drilling Down Natural Gas Well Permitting Policy: Examining the Effects of Institutional Arrangements on Citizen Participation and Policy Outcomes." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500172/.
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Over the past decade the movement of natural gas drilling operations toward more suburban and urban communities has created unique policy challenges for municipalities. Municipal response is manifest in a variety of institutional arrangements, some more enabling than others regarding citizen access to public hearings. This observation lead to the main research question, “How are variations in citizen participation affecting policy outcomes?” The argument is made that institutions affecting citizen participation, in turn affect policy outcomes. If the general public is given access to public hearings, their preferences for longer setbacks will be taken into account and the approved gas wells will have greater distances from neighboring residences – effectively providing for greater safety. Given the paucity of research on the topic of natural gas drilling, the research first begins with the presentation of a theoretical framework to allow for analysis of the highly complex topic of gas well permitting, emphasizing the rule-ordered relationships between the various levels of decision making and provides a typology of collective action arenas currently used by Texas municipalities. The research uses paired case studies of most similar design and employs a mixed methods process for the collection, analysis and interpretation of the municipal level gas well permitting process. The investigation includes a complete census of 185 approved gas wells from four North Texas cities between the years 2002-2012; 20 interviews comprised of city officials and drilling operators; and archival records such as gas well site plans, ordinances, on-line government documents and other public information. The findings reveal that zoning institutions are associated with a 15% longer gas well setback than siting institutions and institutions without waivers are associated with a 20% longer gas well setback than institutions with waiver rules. The practical implications suggest that citizen participation has a positive effect on public safety within gas well permitting decisions.
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Emed, Osman. "The Caspian Oil And Gas In International Energy Policy: Opportunities For Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608107/index.pdf.
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The Caspian region hydrocarbons are important for international energy security. Producer, consumer and transit countries, albeit for different reasons, try to get a share of these new resources. The opening up of the Region has presented Turkey with a new set of opportunities. In this thesis the positions of all the countries involved are examined. Special attention is given to Turkish policies towards the region. In conclusion the geopolitical environment emerged around the hydrocarbon resources and pipelines is evaluated. It will be seen that this environment puts Turkey in a very favorable position and Turkey is now a player in the international energy game despie the fact that it has almost no hydrocarbon resources.
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Kellett, Ken. "Bilateral aid in Canada's foreign policy : the human rights rhetoric-practice gap." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Political Science, c2013, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3298.
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Successive Canadian federal governments have officially indicated their support of human rights in foreign policy, including as they relate to aid-giving. This thesis quantitatively tests this rhetoric with the actual practice of bilateral aid-giving in two time periods – 1998-2000 and 2007-2009. This, however, revealed that Canada has actually tended to give more bilateral aid to countries with poorer human rights records. A deeper quantitative analysis identifies certain multilateral memberships – notably with the Commonwealth, NATO, and OECD – and the geo-political and domestic considerations of Haiti as significant and confirms a recipient state’s human rights performance is not a consideration. These multilateral relationships reflect state self-interests, historical connections, security, and a normative commitment to poverty reduction. It is these factors that those promoting a human rights agenda need to contemplate if recipient state performance is to become relevant in bilateral aid decisions. Thus, it is necessary to turn to international relations theory, in particular liberal institutionalism, to explain Canada’s bilateral aid-giving in these periods.vi, 141 leaves ; 29 cm
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Meyer, Russell. "An analysis of the efficacy of US greenhouse gas emissions reduction policy." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/3641.
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