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Journal articles on the topic 'Gaz trace'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Miron, Catalin. "Comment suivre à la trace les mouvements des atomes dans les gaz ?" Reflets de la physique, no. 34-35 (June 2013): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/refdp/201334081.

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2

Yayayürük, Aslı Erdem, Selim Girgin, Serkan Vuruk, et al. "İdrarda 11-Nor-Delta-9-Tetrahidrokannabinol-9-Karboksilik Asit’in (Thc-Cooh) GC-MS ile Analizinde Ekstraksiyon Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması." Bulletin of Legal Medicine 21, no. 1 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17986/blm.2016116593.

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Amaç: Günümüzde kötüye kullanılan yasadışı maddeler arasında en yaygın kullanılan madde esrardır. Esrarın saptanmasına yönelik yapılan çalışmalarda, idrarda ana metaboliti olan THC-COOH’un kat-faz (SPE) ve sıvı-faz (ELE) ekstraksiyon teknikleri ile analizi yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sentetik idrar örneklerinde THC-COOH analizi için GC-MS ile tayini öncesinde SPE ve LLE metodlarını kullanarak örnekleri analize hazırlamak ve bu yöntemlerin örnek hazırlamadaki verimleri ve etkinlikleri karşılaştırmaktır. Aynı zamanda bu yöntemlerin tekrarlanabilirlik, seçimlilik, doğruluk, kesinlik ve d

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Marble, S. Christopher, Stephen A. Prior, G. Brett Runion, et al. "Determining Trace Gas Efflux from Container Production of Woody Nursery Crops." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 30, no. 3 (2012): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898.30.3.118.

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Agriculture is a large contributor of trace gas emissions and much of the work on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has focused on row crops and pastures, as well as forestry and animal production systems; however, little emphasis has been placed on specialty crop industries such as horticulture. Our objective was to determine efflux patterns of CO2, CH4, and N2O associated with four different nursery container sizes [3.0 liter (trade gal; TG), 3.8 liter (#1; 1 gal), 7.6 liter (#2; 2 gal), and 11.4 liter (#3; 3 gal) using dwarf yaupon holly (Ilex vomitoria ‘Nana’ L.) grown under common p

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Nizamutdinov, Timur, Eugenia Morgun, Alexandr Pechkin, Jakub Kostecki, Andrzej Greinert, and Evgeny Abakumov. "Differentiation of Trace Metal Contamination Level between Different Urban Functional Zones in Permafrost Affected Soils (the Example of Several Cities in the Yamal Region, Russian Arctic)." Minerals 11, no. 7 (2021): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11070668.

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Dynamically developing urbanization causes a number of environmental effects, including those related to the chemical transformation of soils. Relatively less information about the urban areas of the Arctic and Subarctic zones, constructed mostly on permafrost and intensively populated areas can be found. By the example of the analysis of basic soil properties and concentrations of trace metals in the soils of the cities of Salekhard, Urengoy, Nadym, Novy Urengoy and Gaz Sale (the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District), as well as various functional zones within the cities, the relationship betwee

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Smith, Nathan, and Jon A. Morse. "Ultraviolet Mg ii emission from fast neutral ejecta around Eta Carinae." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 489, no. 1 (2019): 268–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1996.

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ABSTRACT We present the first images of the nebula around η Carinae obtained with the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) onboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), including an ultraviolet (UV) image in the F280N filter that traces Mg ii emission, plus contemporaneous imaging in the F336W, F658N, and F126N filters that trace near-UV continuum, [N ii], and [Fe ii], respectively. The F336W and F658N images are consistent with previous images in these filters, and F126N shows that for the most part, [Fe ii] λ12567 traces clumpy shocked gas seen in [N ii]. The F280N image, however, reveals Mg ii emission f

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Tu, Yicheng, Peter Hirst, Ronald Coolbaugh, and Richard Pharis. "532 Endogenous Gibberellins in Developing Apple Seeds in Relation to Biennial Bearing." HortScience 35, no. 3 (2000): 487B—487. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.487b.

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It is believed that gibberellins (GA) produced in apple seeds act as an inhibitory signal to flower induction in the neighboring buds. The alternate bearing behavior of an apple cultivar is therefore likely to be associated with the activity of endogenous GAs in the seeds of that cultivar. To elucidate the impact of GAs on the flowering of biennial and non-biennial apple cultivars, fruits were sampled from `Fuji' (biennial, on-year) and `Gala' (non-biennial) trees periodically during the early part of the growing season. Seeds were removed from fruits immediately, frozen in liquid Nitrogen and

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Clark, John R., and Gina E. Fernandez. "EFFECT OF GIBBERELLIC ACID ON SEED TRACES OF ARKANSAS TABLE GRAPES." HortScience 26, no. 5 (1991): 486d—486. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.5.486d.

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Gibberellic Acid (GA3) was applied to `Venus' table grape flower clusters seven days after full bloom at 0, 150 and 300 ppm in 1987 and 1988. For both years, berry, cluster and average individual seed trace weights were not significantly affected by GA3 treatment. Total seed traces/berry were reduced an average of 50%, resulting in one seed trace/berry for GA3 treated clusters compared to two seed traces/berry for the control. Yield was increased in 1988 with the 300 ppm rate.

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8

Allen, D. R., K. W. Hoppel, G. E. Nedoluha, et al. "Limitations of wind extraction from 4-D-Var assimilation of trace gases." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 12 (2012): 32985–3023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-32985-2012.

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Abstract. Time-dependent variational data assimilation allows the possibility of extracting wind information from observations of long-lived trace gases. Since trace gas observations are not available at sufficient resolution for deriving feature-track winds, they must be combined with model background information to produce an analysis. If done with time-dependent variational assimilation, wind information may be extracted via the adjoint of the linearized tracer continuity equation. This paper presents idealized experiments that illustrate the mechanics of tracer-wind extraction and demonstr

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9

Allen, D. R., K. W. Hoppel, G. E. Nedoluha, et al. "Limitations of wind extraction from 4D-Var assimilation of ozone." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 6 (2013): 3501–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3501-2013.

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Abstract. Time-dependent variational data assimilation allows the possibility of extracting wind information from observations of ozone or other trace gases. Since trace gas observations are not available at sufficient resolution for deriving feature-track winds, they must be combined with model background information to produce an analysis. If done with time-dependent variational assimilation, wind information may be extracted via the adjoint of the linearized tracer continuity equation. This paper presents idealized experiments that illustrate the mechanics of tracer–wind extraction and demo

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10

Gao, Yu. "Luminous IR Galaxies: Evolution and Molecular Gas." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 159 (1997): 439–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100040690.

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Luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs), denned by the criterion LIR ≳ 2 × 1011L⊙ (for H0=75 kms−1 Mpc−1), are the most powerful IR sources in the Universe, with most of their emission (~ 90%) in the far-IR. Most LIRGs are interacting/merging galaxies with large amounts of molecular gas as revealed by CO surveys (Sanders et al. 1991; Solomon et al. 1996). However, whether starbursts or dust-enshrouded AGNs/QSOs dominate the IR luminosity is not resolved.CO may not trace the active star-forming regions where gas density is more than one order of magnitude higher than the average. Dense molecular gas

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Rumyantseva, Marina, Abulkosim Nasriddinov, Valeriy Krivetskiy, and Alexander Gaskov. "Light—Assisted Low Temperature Formaldehyde Detection at Sub-ppm Level Using Metal Oxide Semiconductor Gas Sensors." Proceedings 14, no. 1 (2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019014037.

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Vellios, Nicole, Corné van Walbeek, and Hana Ross. "Illicit cigarette trade in South Africa: 2002–2017." Tobacco Control 29, Suppl 4 (2019): s234—s242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054798.

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BackgroundIncreasing cigarette excise taxes is widely recognised as the most effective measure to reduce the demand for cigarettes. The presence of illicit trade undermines the effectiveness of tax increases as both a public health and a fiscal measure, because it introduces cheaper alternatives to legal, full-priced cigarettes.ObjectiveTo assess trends in the size of the illicit cigarette market in South Africa from 2002 to 2017 using gap analysis.MethodsTax-paid cigarette sales are compared with consumption estimates from two nationally representative surveys: the All Media and Products Surv

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13

Martinson, Douglas G., and John R. Hopper. "Nonlinear seismic trace interpolation." GEOPHYSICS 57, no. 1 (1992): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443177.

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The nonlinear correlation technique has been used to guide a seismic trace interpolant to fill gaps in seismic surveys, replace noisy traces, and produce evenly spaced arrays. Given an initial alignment (NMO correction for prestack data and manually inserted correlation lines for post‐stack data), the correlation aligns corresponding features between adjacent seismic traces and quantifies the traveltime difference between the traces on a point‐for‐point basis. This information is used to construct synthetic (interpolated) traces, at any arbitrary distance between the correlated traces, which p

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Karion, Anna, Thomas Lauvaux, Israel Lopez Coto, et al. "Intercomparison of atmospheric trace gas dispersion models: Barnett Shale case study." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 4 (2019): 2561–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2561-2019.

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Abstract. Greenhouse gas emissions mitigation requires understanding the dominant processes controlling fluxes of these trace gases at increasingly finer spatial and temporal scales. Trace gas fluxes can be estimated using a variety of approaches that translate observed atmospheric species mole fractions into fluxes or emission rates, often identifying the spatial and temporal characteristics of the emission sources as well. Meteorological models are commonly combined with tracer dispersion models to estimate fluxes using an inverse approach that optimizes emissions to best fit the trace gas m

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15

Balbuena Bello, Raúl, Lilian Paola Ovalle Marroquín, and Carlos Felipe Villegas Robertson. "Organización política gay y espacio público." Revista Trace, no. 63 (October 5, 2016): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.63.2013.76.

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El escrito tiene la única pretensión de analizar la relación entre la organización política gay y el espacio público. Pensamos que al repasar esta dinámica encontraremos elementos esenciales que explican el proceso de construcción ciudadana que se gestó luego de la “aparición” del VIH Sida. Sostenemos que la organización colectiva gay derivada de este fenómeno estuvo asociada a los medios de comunicación, que no sólo promovieron una idea maligna de la homosexualidad, sino también el hecho de aparecer en esos mismos medios. Nos parece fundamental discutir esta idea en un contexto actual en que

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Cridland, Alexander J., Arthur D. Bosman, and Ewine F. van Dishoeck. "Impact of vertical gas accretion on the carbon-to-oxygen ratio of gas giant atmospheres." Astronomy & Astrophysics 635 (March 2020): A68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936858.

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Recent theoretical, numerical, and observational works have suggested that when a growing planet opens a gap in its disk the flow of gas into the gap is dominated by gas falling vertically from a height of at least one gas scale height. Our primary objective is to include, for the first time, the chemical impact that accreting gas above the midplane will have on the resulting carbon-to-oxygen ratio (C/O). We compute the accretion of gas onto planetary cores beginning at different disk radii and track the chemical composition of the gas and small icy grains to predict the resulting C/O in their

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17

Juárez, Carmen, Hauyu Baobab Liu, Josep M. Girart, et al. "Extreme fragmentation and complex kinematics at the center of the L1287 cloud." Astronomy & Astrophysics 621 (January 2019): A140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834173.

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Aims. The filamentary ~10-pc-scale infrared dark cloud L1287 located at a parallax distance of ~929 pc is actively forming a dense cluster of low-mass young stellar objects (YSOs) at its inner ~0.1 pc region. To help understand the origin of this low-mass YSO cluster, the present work aims at resolving the gas structures and kinematics with high angular resolution. Methods. We performed ~1′′ angular resolution (~930 AU) observations at ~1.3 mm wavelengths using the Submillimeter Array (SMA), which simultaneously cover the dust continuum emission and various molecular line tracers for dense gas

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Wang, Yibo, Shuqian Dong, and Yi Luo. "Model-based interferometric interpolation method." GEOPHYSICS 75, no. 6 (2010): WB211—WB217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3505816.

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We have proposed a two-stage model-based interferometric interpolation method for filling in gaps in marine seismic data. The first stage is creating virtual traces and the second stage is utilizing modified virtual traces for interpolation. There are three steps for creating a virtual trace. First, set the virtual trace’s source and receiver coordinates and retrieve two common-receiver gathers (CRG) from existing data. At least one CRG should be obtained, otherwise, our method cannot be performed. Second, if only one CRG is obtained, then a synthetic CRG should be generated using known veloci

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Murillo, N. M., E. F. van Dishoeck, J. J. Tobin, J. C. Mottram, and A. Karska. "Role of environment and gas temperature in the formation of multiple protostellar systems: molecular tracers." Astronomy & Astrophysics 620 (November 23, 2018): A30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201832954.

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Context. Simulations suggest that gas heating due to radiative feedback is a key factor in whether or not multiple protostellar systems will form. Chemistry is a good tracer of the physical structure of a protostellar system, since it depends on the temperature structure. Aims. We aim to study the relationship between envelope gas temperature and protostellar multiplicity. Methods. Single dish observations of various molecules that trace the cold, warm, and UV-irradiated gas were used to probe the temperature structure of multiple and single protostellar systems on 7000 AU scales. Results. Sin

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Ungermann, J., C. Kalicinsky, F. Olschewski, et al. "CRISTA-NF measurements with unprecedented vertical resolution during the RECONCILE aircraft campaign." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 4, no. 6 (2011): 6915–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-6915-2011.

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Abstract. The Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescope for the Atmosphere – New Frontiers (CRISTA-NF), an airborne infrared limb-sounder, was operated aboard the high-flying Russian research aircraft M55-Geophysica during the Arctic RECONCILE campaign from January to March 2011. This paper describes the calibration process of the instrument and the employed retrieval algorithm and then proceeds to present retrieved trace gas mixing ratio cross-sections for one specific flight of this campaign. We are able to resolve the uppermost troposphere/lower stratosphere for several trace gas speci

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Tang, X. D., C. Henkel, F. Wyrowski, et al. "ATLASGAL-selected massive clumps in the inner Galaxy." Astronomy & Astrophysics 611 (March 2018): A6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732168.

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Context. Formaldehyde (H2CO) is a reliable tracer to accurately measure the physical parameters of dense gas in star-forming regions. Aim. We aim to determine directly the kinetic temperature and spatial density with formaldehyde for the ~100 brightest ATLASGAL-selected clumps (the TOP100 sample) at 870 μm representing various evolutionary stages of high-mass star formation. Methods. Ten transitions (J = 3–2 and 4–3) of ortho- and para-H2CO near 211, 218, 225, and 291 GHz were observed with the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) 12 m telescope. Results. Using non-LTE models with RADEX, we de

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Таловская, А., A. Talovskaya, Е. Язиков, et al. "Trace Element Composition of Snow Cover in Vicinity of Coal- Burning and Gas-Burning Boiler Houses as Used Fuel’s Environmental Performance Indicator." Safety in Technosphere 6, no. 3 (2017): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59d34e310bbb79.46733089.

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Emissions of rural villages’ boiler houses remain insufficiently studied in comparison with emissions of big urban heat power engineering objects. In this paper have been presented the results of comparative analysis for a dust pollution level and trace element composition of solid particles in vicinity of rural villages’ boiler houses distinguishing by technological parameters and the fuel’s type (coal or gas) based on the snow cover’s trace element composition study. It has been established that the dust load value relating to background in vicinity of different coal-burning boiler houses is

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Ungermann, J., C. Kalicinsky, F. Olschewski, et al. "CRISTA-NF measurements with unprecedented vertical resolution during the RECONCILE aircraft campaign." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 5, no. 5 (2012): 1173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-1173-2012.

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Abstract. The Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescope for the Atmosphere – New Frontiers (CRISTA-NF), an airborne infrared limb-sounder, was operated aboard the high-flying Russian research aircraft M55-Geophysica during the Arctic RECONCILE campaign from January to March 2010. This paper describes the calibration process of the instrument and the retrieval algorithm employed and then proceeds to present retrieved trace gas volume mixing ratio cross-sections for one specific flight in this campaign. We are able to resolve the uppermost troposphere/lower stratosphere for several trace ga

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Lebouteiller, Vianney. "Star Formation and Molecular Gas in Extremely Metal-poor Galaxies: Insights from the Thermal Balance in the Neutral Gas." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, S344 (2018): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921318005239.

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AbstractThe apparent lack of cold molecular gas in blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxies is at variance with their intense star-formation episode. The CO molecule, often used a tracer of H2 through a conversion function, is selectively photodissociated in dust-poor environments and, as a result, a potentially large fraction of H2 is expected to reside in the so-called CO-dark gas, where it could be traced instead by infrared cooling lines [CI], [CII], and [OI]. Although the fraction of CO-dark gas to total molecular gas is in theory expected to be relatively large in metal-poor galaxies, many unce

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Do Alto, Hervé, and Lorenza Belinda Fontana. "Conflicto social y reterritorialización. Miradas cruzadas sobre movimientos rurales y regionalistas en Bolivia." Revista Trace, no. 63 (October 5, 2016): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.63.2013.74.

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Desde la crisis de octubre de 2003, mejor conocida como la “guerra del gas”, el sistema político boliviano ha sido sacudido por dos movimientos: por una parte, el movimiento rural campesino-indígena, encarnado por el líder cocalero y actual presidente Evo Morales y, por otra, el movimiento regionalista, encabezado por las élites de los departamentos orientales. A partir de dos trabajos de investigación sobre la conflictividad y las nuevas configuraciones políticas en Bolivia, desde la elección de Morales, este artículo se propone dar cuenta de las múltiples expresiones político-organizacionale

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Zemmelink, H. J., J. WH Dacey, and E. J. Hintsa. "Direct measurements of biogenic dimethylsulphide fluxes from the oceans: a synthesis." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 5 (2004): 836–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-047.

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This paper provides a brief overview of the state-of-the-art of techniques that are currently used for field measurements of trace gas fluxes and the subsequent derivation of gas transfer rates over the oceans. Special attention is given to the relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) and gradient flux (GF) techniques, which rely on empirical functions thus far mainly validated over land. The universality of these functions and their application at sea have not yet been fully evaluated. New experiments have shown that the emission of dimethylsulphide (DMS) can be measured by the REA and GF techniques.

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Christoudias, T., A. Pozzer, and J. Lelieveld. "Influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on air pollution transport." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 9 (2011): 25967–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-25967-2011.

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Abstract. We examined the influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the atmospheric dispersion of pollution by computing the emission, transport and removal of insoluble gaseous and water-soluble aerosol tracers, tagged by the continent of origin. We simulated a period of 50 yr (1960–2010), using the ECHAM/MESSy atmospheric chemistry (EMAC) general circulation model. The model accounts for anthropogenic, biogenic and biomass burning sources, removal of trace gases through OH oxidation, and precipitation, sedimentation and deposition of aerosols. The model is shown to reproduce the o

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Christoudias, T., A. Pozzer, and J. Lelieveld. "Influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on air pollution transport." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 2 (2012): 869–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-869-2012.

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Abstract. We examined the influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the atmospheric dispersion of pollution by computing the emission, transport and removal of idealized insoluble gaseous and water-soluble aerosol tracers, tagged by the continent of origin. We simulated a period of 50 yr (1960–2010), using the ECHAM5/MESSy1 atmospheric chemistry (EMAC) general circulation model. The model accounts for anthropogenic, biogenic and biomass burning sources, removal of trace gases through OH oxidation, and precipitation, sedimentation and deposition of aerosols. The model is shown to rep

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Castro, Mark S. "Trace Gas Exchange." Ecology 75, no. 4 (1994): 1192–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1939446.

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Hoppe, C. M., L. Hoffmann, P. Konopka, et al. "The implementation of the CLaMS Lagrangian transport core into the chemistry climate model EMAC 2.40.1: application on age of air and transport of long-lived trace species." Geoscientific Model Development 7, no. 6 (2014): 2639–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2639-2014.

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Abstract. Lagrangian transport schemes have proven to be useful tools for modelling stratospheric trace gas transport since they are less diffusive than classical Eulerian schemes and therefore especially well suited for maintaining steep tracer gradients. Here, we present the implementation of the full-Lagrangian transport core of the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) into the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry model (EMAC). We performed a 10-year time-slice simulation to evaluate the coupled model system EMAC/CLaMS. Simulated zonal mean age of air distributions are compare

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Hoppe, C. M., L. Hoffmann, P. Konopka, et al. "The implementation of the CLaMS Lagrangian transport core into the chemistry climate model EMAC 2.40.1: application on age of air and transport of long-lived trace species." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 7, no. 2 (2014): 1759–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-7-1759-2014.

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Abstract. Lagrangian transport schemes have proven to be useful tools for modelling stratospheric trace gas transport since they are less diffusive than classical Eulerian schemes and therefore especially well suited for maintaining steep tracer gradients. Here, we present the implementation of the full-Lagrangian transport core of the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) into the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry model (EMAC). We performed a ten-year time-slice simulation to evaluate the coupled model system EMAC/CLaMS. Simulated zonal mean age of air distributions are compar

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Ji, Yun Zhe, Xiao Jie Wang, and Yun Ping Wang. "Comparative Study of Droplet-Nuclei with Pathogen and CO₂ Distribution in Infectious Isolation Room." Applied Mechanics and Materials 138-139 (November 2011): 1102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.138-139.1102.

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In this article, the distributions of droplet nuclei with pathogens which was evaporated from the droplets released by cough was and trace gas CO2 were compared to study the airborne characteristics of droplet nuclei. The infectious isolation room model with steady particle source model was built. The particle source was built according to the size distribution of the droplet nuclei with pathogens which was evaporated from the droplets released by cough. The CO2 source was build at the same location with the particle source and released in the same way. The simulation result showed that the di

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Cadiou, Corentin, Yohan Dubois, and Christophe Pichon. "Accurate tracer particles of baryon dynamics in the adaptive mesh refinement code Ramses." Astronomy & Astrophysics 621 (January 2019): A96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834496.

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We present a new implementation of the tracer particles algorithm based on a Monte Carlo approach for the Eulerian adaptive mesh refinement code RAMSES. The purpose of tracer particles is to keep track of where fluid elements originate in Eulerian mesh codes, so as to follow their Lagrangian trajectories and re-processing history. We provide a comparison to the more commonly used velocity-based tracer particles, and show that the Monte Carlo approach reproduces the gas distribution much more accurately. We present a detailed statistical analysis of the properties of the distribution of tracer

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Ganzeveld, L. N., J. A. van Aardenne, T. M. Butler, et al. "Technical Note: Anthropogenic and natural offline emissions and the online EMissions and dry DEPosition submodel EMDEP of the Modular Earth Submodel system (MESSy)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 3 (2006): 5457–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-5457-2006.

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Abstract. We present the online calculated Earth's surface trace gas and aerosol emissions and dry deposition in the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) submodel EMDEP as well as the currently applied anthropogenic and natural emissions inventories. These inventories, being read-in by the MESSy submodel OFFLEM, include the industrial, fossil fuel, agricultural and biomass burning emissions considering emission height profiles as a function of the source category based on the EDGAR v3.2 fast track 2000 inventory. Terrestrial and marine emissions of a selection of trace gases and aerosols are

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Locatelli, R., P. Bousquet, F. Hourdin, et al. "Atmospheric transport and chemistry of trace gases in LMDz5B: evaluation and implications for inverse modelling." Geoscientific Model Development 8, no. 2 (2015): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-129-2015.

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Abstract. Representation of atmospheric transport is a major source of error in the estimation of greenhouse gas sources and sinks by inverse modelling. Here we assess the impact on trace gas mole fractions of the new physical parameterizations recently implemented in the atmospheric global climate model LMDz to improve vertical diffusion, mesoscale mixing by thermal plumes in the planetary boundary layer (PBL), and deep convection in the troposphere. At the same time, the horizontal and vertical resolution of the model used in the inverse system has been increased. The aim of this paper is to

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Locatelli, R., P. Bousquet, F. Hourdin, et al. "Atmospheric transport and chemistry of trace gases in LMDz5B: evaluation and implications for inverse modelling." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 7, no. 4 (2014): 4993–5048. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-7-4993-2014.

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Abstract. Representation of atmospheric transport is a major source of error in the estimation of greenhouse gas sources and sinks by inverse modelling. Here we assess the impact on trace gas mole fractions of the new physical parameterisations recently implemented in the Atmospheric Global Climate Model LMDz to improve vertical diffusion, mesoscale mixing by thermal plumes in the planetary boundary layer (PBL), and deep convection in the troposphere. At the same time, the horizontal and vertical resolution of the model used in the inverse system has been increased. The aim of this paper is to

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Page, R., and C. Page. "An Excavation at the Church of the Blackfriars, Stirling." Glasgow Archaeological Journal 20, no. 1 (1996): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/gas.1996.20.20.103.

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Summary Part of what was suspected to be the south wall of the Blackfriars Church, destroyed in June 1559, was revealed in 1904 during the construction of the present No 64 Murray Place in Stirling. Permission was given by the present owners of the property to excavate in the garden behind the tenement to see if further traces could be found. By following mortar deposits and stone fragments the outline of a further 13.5m of robbed out south wall, an apparently semicircular apsidal eastern wall and part of the north wall were traced. The total known length of the church is therefore 27.5m, and

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Murillo, N. M., E. F. van Dishoeck, M. H. D. van der Wiel, et al. "Tracing the cold and warm physico-chemical structure of deeply embedded protostars: IRAS 16293−2422 vs. VLA 1623−2417." Astronomy & Astrophysics 617 (September 2018): A120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731724.

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Context. Much attention has been placed on the dust distribution in protostellar envelopes, but there are still many unanswered questions regarding the physico-chemical structure of the gas. Aims. Our aim is to start identifying the factors that determine the chemical structure of protostellar regions, by studying and comparing low-mass embedded systems in key molecular tracers. Methods. The cold and warm chemical structures of two embedded Class 0 systems, IRAS 16293−2422 and VLA 1623−2417 were characterized through interferometric observations. DCO+, N2H+, and N2D+ were used to trace the spa

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Inai, Yoichi, Ryo Fujita, Toshinobu Machida, et al. "Seasonal characteristics of trace gas transport into the extratropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 10 (2019): 7073–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7073-2019.

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Abstract. To investigate the seasonal characteristics of trace gas distributions in the extratropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (ExUTLS) as well as stratosphere–troposphere exchange processes, origin fractions of air masses originating in the stratosphere, tropical troposphere, midlatitude lower troposphere (LT), and high-latitude LT in the ExUTLS are estimated using 10-year backward trajectories calculated with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim data as the meteorological input. Time series of trace gases obtained from ground-based and airbor

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BLANFORT, V., M. DOREAU, J. HUGUENIN, et al. "Impacts et services environnementaux de l’élevage en régions chaudes." INRAE Productions Animales 24, no. 1 (2011): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2011.24.1.3239.

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Les interactions entre l’élevage et l’environnement sont l’objet d’un débat médiatique, sociétal et scientifique depuis les années 70. Ce débat, focalisé sur les impacts négatifs de l’élevage sur l’environnement et jusqu’ici limité aux pays développés, concerne dorénavant les pays émergents et en développement où se fera l’essentiel de l’accroissement de la production animale. Toutefois, il est désormais admis que l’élevage peut aussi produire des services écosystémiques en plus de sa fonction productive. Cette synthèse propose un bilan des impacts et des services environnementaux liés aux pro

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Dionatos, Odysseas, Lars E. Kristensen, Mario Tafalla, Manuel Güdel, and Magnus Persson. "Feedback of molecular outflows from protostars in NGC 1333 revealed by Herschel and Spitzer spectro-imaging observations." Astronomy & Astrophysics 641 (September 2020): A36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037684.

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Context. Far infrared cooling of excited gas around protostars has been predominantly studied in the context of pointed observations. Large-scale spectral maps of star forming regions enable the simultaneous, comparative study of the gas excitation around an ensemble of sources at a common frame of reference, therefore, providing direct insights in the multitude of physical processes involved. Aims. We employ extended spectral-line maps to decipher the excitation, the kinematical, and dynamical processes in NGC 1333 as revealed by a number of different molecular and atomic lines, aiming to set

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Kirste, Lutz, Karolina Grabianska, Robert Kucharski, Tomasz Sochacki, Boleslaw Lucznik, and Michal Bockowski. "Structural Analysis of Low Defect Ammonothermally Grown GaN Wafers by Borrmann Effect X-ray Topography." Materials 14, no. 19 (2021): 5472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195472.

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X-ray topography defect analysis of entire 1.8-inch GaN substrates, using the Borrmann effect, is presented in this paper. The GaN wafers were grown by the ammonothermal method. Borrmann effect topography of anomalous transmission could be applied due to the low defect density of the substrates. It was possible to trace the process and growth history of the GaN crystals in detail from their defect pattern imaged. Microscopic defects such as threading dislocations, but also macroscopic defects, for example dislocation clusters due to preparation insufficiency, traces of facet formation, growth

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Gottschaldt, Klaus-Dirk, Hans Schlager, Robert Baumann, et al. "Dynamics and composition of the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 8 (2018): 5655–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5655-2018.

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Abstract. This study places HALO research aircraft observations in the upper-tropospheric Asian summer monsoon anticyclone (ASMA) into the context of regional, intra-annual variability by hindcasts with the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model. The observations were obtained during the Earth System Model Validation (ESMVal) campaign in September 2012. Observed and simulated tracer–tracer relations reflect photochemical O3 production as well as in-mixing from the lower troposphere and the tropopause layer. The simulations demonstrate that tropospheric trace gas profiles in the monsoon

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Nethisinghe, Suran, Maheswaran Kesavan, Heather Ging, et al. "Interruptions of the FXN GAA Repeat Tract Delay the Age at Onset of Friedreich’s Ataxia in a Location Dependent Manner." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14 (2021): 7507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147507.

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Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA) is a comparatively rare autosomal recessive neurological disorder primarily caused by the homozygous expansion of a GAA trinucleotide repeat in intron 1 of the FXN gene. The repeat expansion causes gene silencing that results in deficiency of the frataxin protein leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and cell death. The GAA repeat tract in some cases may be impure with sequence variations called interruptions. It has previously been observed that large interruptions of the GAA repeat tract, determined by abnormal MboII digestion, are very rare. Here

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Barinova, Olga A. "THE USE OF A MIX-450 MOBILE FORENSIC LIGHT SOURCE TO IDENTIFY CRIME TRACES." Russian investigator 12 (December 17, 2020): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3783-2020-12-3-5.

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One of the tasks of forensic science is to improve the tactics of conducting an inspection of the scene, which is largely associated with the use of modern technical and forensic tools used to detect, fix and seize traces and other material evidence in order to disclose and investigate a crime and establish the identity of the offender. However, as practice shows, the use of traditional technical means — portable sources of ultraviolet radiation to detect traces of biological origin (blood, semen, saliva and other human secretions) is not always effective. This is due to the fact that the inte

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Sands, David. "The Carnot Cycle, Reversibility and Entropy." Entropy 23, no. 7 (2021): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23070810.

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The Carnot cycle and the attendant notions of reversibility and entropy are examined. It is shown how the modern view of these concepts still corresponds to the ideas Clausius laid down in the nineteenth century. As such, they reflect the outmoded idea, current at the time, that heat is motion. It is shown how this view of heat led Clausius to develop the entropy of a body based on the work that could be performed in a reversible process rather than the work that is actually performed in an irreversible process. In consequence, Clausius built into entropy a conflict with energy conservation, w

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Nikodem, Michal. "Laser-Based Trace Gas Detection inside Hollow-Core Fibers: A Review." Materials 13, no. 18 (2020): 3983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13183983.

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Thanks to the guidance of an optical wave in air, hollow-core fibers may serve as sampling cells in an optical spectroscopic system. This paper reviews applications of hollow-core optical fibers to laser-based gas sensing. Three types of hollow-core fibers are discussed: Hollow capillary waveguides, photonic band-gap fibers, and negative curvature fibers. Their advantages and drawbacks when used for laser-based trace gas detection are analyzed. Various examples of experimental sensing systems demonstrated in the literature over the past 20 years are discussed.

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Hall Jr., Robert O., and Hilary L. Madinger. "Use of argon to measure gas exchange in turbulent mountain streams." Biogeosciences 15, no. 10 (2018): 3085–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3085-2018.

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Abstract. Gas exchange is a parameter needed in stream metabolism and trace gas emissions models. One way to estimate gas exchange is via measuring the decline of added tracer gases such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Estimates of oxygen (O2) gas exchange derived from SF6 additions require scaling via Schmidt number (Sc) ratio, but this scaling is uncertain under conditions of high gas exchange via bubbles because scaling depends on gas solubility as well as Sc. Because argon (Ar) and O2 have nearly identical Schmidt numbers and solubility, Ar may be a useful tracer gas for estimating stream O2

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Mingozzi, M., G. Cresci, G. Venturi, A. Marconi, and F. Mannucci. "Interstellar medium properties and feedback in local AGN with the MAGNUM survey." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S359 (2020): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921320002422.

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AbstractWe investigated the interstellar medium (ISM) properties in the central regions of nearby Seyfert galaxies characterised by prominent conical or bi-conical outflows belonging to the MAGNUM survey by exploiting the unprecedented sensitivity, spatial and spectral coverage of the integral field spectrograph MUSE at the Very Large Telescope. We developed a novel approach based on the gas and stars kinematics to disentangle high-velocity gas in the outflow from gas in the disc to spatially track the differences in their ISM properties. This allowed us to reveal the presence of an ionisation

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Johnson, B. D., K. C. Seow, D. F. Pegelow, and J. A. Dempsey. "Adaptation of the inert gas FRC technique for use in heavy exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 68, no. 2 (1990): 802–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.68.2.802.

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We automated the inert gas rebreathe technique for measurement of end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) during heavy exercise. We also assessed the use of two gas tracers (He and N2) vs. a single gas tracer (He) for measurement of this lung volume and compared the two-tracer EELV to changes in the inspiratory capacity (defined with transpulmonary pressure) and shifts in the end-expiratory pressure from rest through heavy exercise. A computer program switched a pneumatic valve when flow crossed zero at end expiration and defined points in the He and N2 traces for calculation of EELV. An inherent de

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