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Academic literature on the topic 'Gaz ultra-froid'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gaz ultra-froid"
Viana, Gomes José Carlos. "THERMOMÉTRIE ET PROPRIÉTÉS DE COHÉRENCED'UN GAZ QUANTIQUE ULTRA-FROID D'HÉLIUM MÉTASTABLE." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00142413.
Full textDans cette thèse nous rendons compte de trois expériences différentes : i) la détermination des constantes d'ionisation à deux et trois corps pour l'He*, ii) la détermination de la longueur de diffusion, a, de l'He* et iii) la mesure de la fonction de corrélation d'intensité d'un nuage d'He* en chute libre. Il a été montré postérieurement à notre mesure de a que celle-ci était entachée d'une erreur systématique dont nous proposons une explication. Nous décrivons des techniques de mesure de la température et de la fugacité d'un nuage thermique. Finalement un part importante de la thèse est dévolue à la dérivation d'une expression analytique de la fonction de corrélation d'intensité du flux atomique. Cette analyse a permis d'obtenir des valeurs typiques pour les longueurs de corrélation, transverse et longitudinale, et de confirmer la possibilité de réaliser une expérience de type HBT sur notre montage expérimental.
Viana, Gomes José Carlos. "Thermométrie et propriétés de cohérence d'un gaz quantique ultra-froid d'hélium métastable." Paris 11, 2007. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00142413.
Full textIn 2001 metastable Helium (He*) attained Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). The metastable state has a lifetime of 9000 sec and an internal energy of 20 eV. This energy can be used to detect individual atoms using a micro-channel plate. The extremely good time response and high gain of this detector makes it possible to carry out a density correlation measurement (HBT) with massive particles similar to the pioneering experiment of R. Hanbury Brown and R. Twiss in optics. In addition, inelastic collisions between He* atoms produce a small but detectable flux of ions proportional to the cloud's density. This allows one to follow the evolution of the cloud's density toward BEC, passing through the phase transition, in real time and in a non invasive way. In this dissertation we report on three different experiments: i) the determination of the two- and three-body ionizing rate constants of He*; ii) the determination of a, the He* scattering length; iii) the measure of the intensity correlation function of a falling He* cloud. It has been shown lately that our measure of a was affected by a large systematic error and we propose a possible explanation. We describe methods to determine the temperature and fugacity of a thermal cloud. Finally a major portion of the thesis is devoted to the derivation of an analytical expression for the intensity correlation function of the atomic flux. This theoretical analysis has derived typical values for the transverse and longitudinal atomic coherence length that confirmed the possibility of performing a HBT experiment with our apparatus
Tarruell, Letitia. "Superfluidité dans un gaz de fermions ultrafroids." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066671.
Full textWillner, Kai. "Etude théorique d'états vibrationnels faiblement liés du trimère de sodium: méthodes numériques; perspectives pour la formation de Na3 dans un gaz ultra-froid." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011523.
Full text- Les énergies des états vibrationnels les moins liés du complexe van der Waals Na - Na2 sont calculées par une méthode hypersphérique diabatique-par-secteur. Les niveaux calculés sont analysés par la théorie du défaut quantique.
Mandonnet, Emmanuel. "Etude théorique d'un gaz de Bose atomique ultra-froid : 1. Diffusion et localisation de la lumière 2. Condensation de Bose-Einstein en dimensionalité réduite." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011872.
Full textDeuxième partie : Nous étudions le refroidissement par évaporation d'un jet atomique en vue de l'obtention d'un laser à atomes continu. Pour estimer la longueur du jet permettant d'atteindre le régime de dégénérescence quantique, on développe deux méthodes de résolution de l'équation de Boltzmann : l'une, purement numérique, utilise une simulation Monte-Carlo ; l'autre, essentiellement analytique, repose sur un ansatz de la densité dans l'espace des phases. Nous décrivons alors les principales propriétés de cohérence du faisceau atomique ainsi obtenu en prenant en compte les effets de la statistique quantique et des interactions entre les atomes.
MANDONNET, EMMANUEL. "Etude theorique d'un gaz de bose atomique ultra-froid : 1. diffusion et localisation de la lumiere 2. condensation de bose-einstein en dimensionalite reduite." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066304.
Full textLaburthe-Tolra, Bruno. "Atomes, molecules et plasmas ultra-froids : - transition d'un gaz de rydberg gele vers un plasma ultra-froid. - controle de collisions de photoassociation dans des schemas de resonance de feshbach et de transition raman stimulee." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112137.
Full textWintermantel, Tobias Martin. "Complex systems dynamics in laser excited ensembles of Rydberg atoms." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021STRAE001.
Full textIn this thesis I present experimental and theoretical results showing that an ultracold gas under laser excitation to Rydberg states offers a controllable platform for studying the interesting complex dynamics that can emerge in driven-dissipative systems. The findings can be summarized according to the following three main insights: (i) The discovery of self-organized criticality (SOC) in our Rydberg system under facilitated excitation via three signatures: self-organization of the density to a stationary state; scale invariant behavior; and a critical response in terms of power-law distributed excitation avalanches. Additionally, we explore a mechanism inherent to our system which stabilizes the SOC state. We further investigate this stabilization via a controlled, variable driving of the system. These analyses can help answer the question of why scale invariant behavior is so prevalent in nature. (ii) A striking connection between the power-law growth of the Rydberg excitation number and epidemic spreading is found. Based on this, an epidemic network model is devised which efficiently describes the collective excitation dynamics. The importance of heterogeneity in the emergent Rydberg network and associated Griffiths effects provide a way to explain the observation of non-universal power laws.(iii) A novel quantum cellular automata implementation is proposed using atomic arrays together with multifrequency laser fields. This provides a natural framework to study the relation between microscopic processes and global dynamics, where special rules are found to generate entangled states with applications in quantum metrology and computing
Weiller, Sébastien. "Etude de la relation entre porosité et étanchéité à l'ultra-vide de dépôts à base d'aluminium obtenus par projection dynamique par gaz froid ("cold spray")." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLM004.
Full textCold Spray is a thermal spray process, a key advantage of which is its capability to achieve highly-dense coatings. The practical objective of the study is to fully exploit this asset to obtain a metallic coating which exhibit gas-tightness in ultra-high vacuum conditions as requested for the targeted application. The thesis work consists in studying cold spray conditions to result in suitable properties. The study will focus on porosity formation mechanisms when spraying. A major objective is to determine a critical size for porosity above which gas-tightness no more meets the required specifications for the application. For this, relevant characteristics of pores (size, distribution, shape, ... ) will be assessed. More basically, the work aims to correlate, including using numerical simulation, these characteristics with the previously-mentioned formation mechanisms as a function of spraying conditions. The influence of the substrate (a metal or a polymer) onporosity will be studied in particular, through the study of modifications in the coating build-up. Coating-substrate bond strength will be determined, based on the study of adhesion mechanisms since an influence of these on gas-tightness can be expected
Rabinovic, Mihail. "Quasithermalization of fermions in a quadrupole potential and evaporative cooling of 40K to quantum degeneracy." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE019/document.
Full textIn this thesis we investigate experimentally the physics of a cold fermionic mixture consisting of 6Li and 40K. After a short description of the experimental apparatus and of a few technical particularities implemented during my PhD, for example the light-induced atomic desorption in the 2D-MOT by UV-light, we focus on two main observations of the fermionic nature of the gas.The first part describes the quasithermalization of 6Li in a magnetic quadrupole potential. Even though collisions are absent in a spin-polarized fermionic gas below a given temperature, the statistical ensemble undergoes energy redistribution after an excitation within the linear potential. We present an extensive experimental study as well as a comprehensive theoretical analysis. Moreover, the studied Hamiltonian can be canonically mapped onto a system of massless, harmonically trapped particles and the previously developed results are re-interpreted in order to describe this experimentally inaccessible system. A further development of the realized experiment allows even for the implementation of spin-orbit coupling in a gas of non-interacting fermions.In the second part, we describe the evaporative cooling of 40K to quantum degeneracy. Through different evaporative cooling stages we reach with a final number of 1.5e5 atoms in the ground-state a temperature of 62nK, which corresponds to 17% of the Fermi temperature