Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gaz'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Gaz.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Ouvry, Valérie. "Évolution du marché gazier européen à long terme : organisation et prix /." Paris : Éd. Technip, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb367078140.
Full textKhaddour, Fadi. "Amélioration de la production de gaz des « Tight Gas Reservoirs »." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3005/document.
Full textThe valorization of compact gas reservoirs, called tight gas reservoirs (TGR), whose discoveries are important, would significantly increase the global hydrocarbon resources. With the aim of improving the production of these types of gas, we have conducted a study to achieve a better understanding of the relationship between damage and the transport properties of geomaterials. The microstructure evolution of specimens, which were submitted beforehand to dynamic loading, has been investigated. An estimation of their permeability upon damage is first presented with the help of a bundle model of parallel capillaries coupling Poiseuille flow with Knudsen diffusion. Then, we have carried out an experimental work to estimate the permeability evolution upon damage in relation to the evolution of the pore size distribution in uniaxial compression. The measurements of permeability have been performed on mortar cylinders, designed to mimic typical tight rocks that can be found in tight gas reservoirs. Microstructural characterization of damaged mortars has been performed with the help of mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). To estimate the permeability evolution, a new random hierarchical model has been devised. The comparisons with the experimental data show the ability of this model to estimate not only the apparent and intrinsic permeabilities but also their evolutions under loading due to a change in the pore size distribution. This model and the experimental set up have been extended to estimate the relative permeabilities of gas mixtures in the future. The final chapter presents a study of the adsorption of methane on different porous media fractured by electrical shocks. The results, concerning the estimation of the in-place resources, have shown that fracturing can enhance the extraction of the initial amount of adsorbed gas
Goutière, Vincent. "Comparaison et évaluation de modèles de gaz réels en rayonnement thermique /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2000. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textPauly, Alain. "Interaction gaz phtalocyanines. Resultats experimentaux et modelisation. Application aux capteurs de gaz." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF21495.
Full textWang, Tianyuan. "Aspects thermodynamiques du captage des gaz acides à partir du gaz naturel." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM061/document.
Full textAmong fossil fuels, natural gas is the cleanest, in terms of CO2 emission, burn efficiency and amount of air pollutant. Methane is the prevailing element of natural gas; therefore, there are also a variety of impurities. In fact, it contains usually considerable amounts of acid gases (CO2, H2S) which can lead to corrosion in equipments and pipelines if water is present. Mercaptans are known as toxic molecules with undesirable odor, and fuel combustion of mercaptan molecules can produce SO2 which is undesirable chemical, they can cause environmental issues. Acid gases and mercaptans are needed to be removed from natural gas until acceptable standard. The treated natural gas contains as maximum as 2% of CO2, 2–4 ppm of H2S and 5–30 ppm of total mercaptans. Chemical absorption with alkanolamines [3] (such as monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), methyldiethanolamine (MDEA)) is the most well-established method to separate acid gas from natural gas. Acid gases react with alkanolamines in the absorber to form electrolyte species, mercaptans and hydrocarbons do not react with alkanolamines molecules, and they are physically absorbed by aqueous alkanolamine solution. Then the loaded solution can be regenerated by heating in the stripper.Thermodynamic model is of high importance for the conception of the process, as it is linked directly to the accurate determination of the Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium and energy balances. Reliable thermodynamic models can allow designers not only to confirm their regulatory limits, but also to minimize the loss of valuable hydrocarbons components.In this work a thermodynamic model has been developed to describe:• Alkane (methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, n-pentane, n-hexane), aromatic (ethylbenzene, benzene, toluene) and mercaptans (MM,EM) in aqueous alkanolamine solution• Acid gases (CO2,H2S) solubilities in aqueous alkanolamine solutions, and other crucial properties like: electrolyte concentration, vapor phase composition(mostly water contant)• The phase diagram for multi-component system containing CO2-H2S-alkanolamine-water-hydrocabon-mercaptan.The parameters of the model were determined with the experimental data available in the literature and the new measured data
Loinard, Laurent. "Le gaz moléculaire dans la galaxie d'Andromède." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10040.
Full textTalvy, Samuel. "Airlift et colonne à bulles en écoulement gaz-liquide et gaz-liquide-solide." Toulouse, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAT0031.
Full textThis thesis is in the axe of "hydrodynamic physics and physico-chemical of the multiphase devices of the laboratoire d'ingenieries des procedes et de l' environnement. The prime objective is to extend the existing work of computational fluid dynamics (cfd) by analysing the hydrodynamics and mixing in gas-liquid and gas-liquide-solid flows in airlift then to test the potentialites of cfd modelling to simulate bubble columns. The second objective is to propose simpler models to calculate the airlifts and bubble olumns : 1d model. The results obtained with cfd will provide closure relations for the problems of the 1d model. The results of the numerical simulation and 1d are systematicly compared to the experimental results
Hajiw, Martha. "Étude des conditions de dissociation des hydrates de gaz en présence de gaz acides." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0042/document.
Full textThe twentieth century has seen an important increase of the fossil energy demand, representing today 80% of world energy consumption. To meet the request, oil and gas companies are interested in new gas fields. 40% of these reserves are acid and sour gases, i.e. the percentage of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide is significant, sometimes over 20% of CO2 or H2S. Natural gas production with high content of acid gases can be a challenge, due to their corrosiveness potential in pipelines in the presence of water and H2S toxicity. On another hand, as a result of world's dependence on fossil energies, the release of carbon into atmosphere is increasing and leads to climate changes. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is one of the most promising ways to reduce CO2 emissions in the atmosphere. Whether in natural gas or carbon dioxide transport, water may be present. During production, transportation and processing, changes in temperature and pressure can lead to water condensation (cause of corrosion, and consequently a possible pipeline rupture), ice and/or gas hydrates formation. Hydrates are a serious flow assurance problem and may block pipelines. To avoid hydrates formation, chemical inhibitors are used. Therefore accurate knowledge of mixtures phase equilibria are important for safe operation of pipelines and production/processing facilities
Heinry, Didier. "Pompe à chaleur chimique solide-gaz : comportement d'un réacteur régénéré par des gaz chauds." Perpignan, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PERP0132.
Full textReneme, Yvan. "Post-traitement catalytique des gaz de combustion de moteurs thermiques fonctionnant au gaz naturel." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10149/document.
Full textThis investigation deals with the development of noble metal based catalysts for after-treatment systems dedicated to natural gas engines. The high stability of methane implies more elevated running temperatures than in the conventional three-way technology. Deactivation proceeds more rapidly related to thermal sintering and changes in surface composition when Pd and Rh are associated. The impact of such reconstruction has been evaluated on the adsorptive properties of noble metals and the mechanism involved in the activation of methane. The beneficial effect due to Rh incorporation to Pd/Al2O3 preventing agglomeration of Pd was observed as well as a greater stabilization of the adsorptive properties after oxidative thermal treatment. Pd deposition on Al2O3/CexZr1-xO2 was found to improve the thermal stability and activity associated with an enhancement of OSC properties.The catalyst behaviour has also been studied during the cold start engine where the NO/H2 reaction predominates. Theoretical and experimental approaches were compared in order to propose a mechanism where the elementary key is dissociation of NO. Competitive H2/O2 reaction plays an important role regulating the hydrogen surface coverage which assists the dissociation on Rh. This beneficial effect disappears on Pd/Al2O3 due to a H2/O2 reaction much faster than the NO/H2. Finally, alternative catalyst formulations were developed based on perovskite. The potential interest of such materials is related to their ability to stabilize the metal dispersion of noble metals and to improve the oxygen storage capacity particularly when Pd is included in the perovskite lattice rather than deposited by impregnation
Nifa, Iliass. "Caractérisation et modélisation du gaz 2D des dispositifs MIS-HEMTs sur GaN." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT015/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at studying the electrical characterization and modelling of two-dimensional (2D) electron gas in MOS-HEMT devices based on the hetero-junction AlGaN/AlN/GaN. These devices are very promising candidates for power electronics applications. This research work provides the production team with detailed data on phenomena affecting GaN material. The goal is to understand precisely how 2D electron gas works and evaluate its electronic transport properties. A new methodology has been developed to identify residual doping of the GaN layer. This method was developed in order to answer a real need to know this doping to determine the quality of the epitaxial GaN layer. The second research priority was to provide reliable measurement techniques and modelling of the transport properties of 2D electron gas. Within this framework, the split-CV and Hall effect measurements were carried out by providing for each of them a suitable experimental protocol, with an innovative set-up for Hall effect measurements. In addition, this experimental work was supported by modelling the transport properties of 2DEG based on Kubo-Greenwood's formalism. Finally, a more general aspect aimed at an in-depth understanding of the electrostatic stacking of the GaN-MOS-HEMT gate. It is based on C-V electrical characterization, modelling and parameter extraction. The model developed made it possible to highlight the impact of polarization surface charges and defects on the threshold voltage of MOS-HEMT. This model also contributed to the estimation of the value of deformation in epitaxial GaN layers on a Silicon substrate
Picard, Clément. "Mise en suspension de particules immergées par injection de gaz." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN015/document.
Full textWe have studied experimentally particle suspension when injecting a gas at the bottom of an immersed granular layer, in confined geometry (Hele-Shaw cell). In a vertical setup, the system always reaches a stationary state resulting from the competition between grains entrainment by bubble rise, and sedimentation. A phenomenological model makes it possible to explain the properties of the suspension thus formed, and of the granular bed not affected by the gas rise. The influence of the effective gravity in the system is then considered. When a stationary state is reached, the size of the granular bed displays a maximum for a cell inclination angle of about 30-40 degrees. This observation can be explained by referring to a peculiar sedimentation process, the Boycott effect. Statistical properties of the suspension (density, homogeneity) and bubbles (size, shape, orientation) have been characterized. In particular, we show that the contact surface between the three phases (gas/liquid/solid) reaches a plateau when increasing the gas flow-rate, independent of the effective gravity. This result is important in the frame of possible applications to catalytic reactors. Finally, exploring a large range of parameters, we point out the existence of an oscillatory regime for inclined cells in a given range of gas flow-rates: the granular bed size oscillates between an "excavated" state (dense suspension) and a "filled" state: (dilute suspension). An explanation for the rising and falling time of these oscillations is proposed
Ortona, Umberto d'. "Hydrodynamique et gaz sur reseau." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066750.
Full textChaumeton, Jean Jacques. "La chimie des gaz rares." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P134.
Full textDASNIERES, DE VEIGY ALAIN. "Mecanique statistique d'un gaz d'anyons." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066092.
Full textSiebert, Julien A. "Mécanique statistique des gaz autogravitants." Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009667.
Full textRahmouni, Camal. "Contribution à la caractérisation de la qualité du gaz naturel à partir de ses propriétés physiques." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2011.
Full textBossy, Alain. "Adsorption de mélanges de gaz en lit fixe application à la valorisation du fuel-gaz." Grenoble : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37593752z.
Full textTaher, Mohammad Iktiham Bin. "New HEMT Type Sensors for In-situ Bio‐Geochemical Analysis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0229.
Full textAn innovative gas sensor generation based on AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) has been developed for complex geological environments. It is designed to study the mass transfer of gases (H2, CO2, CH4, O2, H2S, SO2, and He) from the underground to the Earth's atmosphere. It incorporates the key features for subsurface gas sensor development such as miniaturization, robustness, insensitivity to harsh environments, and low cost.Technological steps, design of the sensor layouts, micro-fabrication techniques, and optimization of the electrical performance of the HEMTs have been continuously investigated and improved. Current densities above 400 mA/mm and pinch-off current= (~1×10-5 A), and transconductance (gm)= ~0.03 S/mm have been achieved for certain bias conditions. At the same time, the processed AlGaN/GaN HEMT sensors with different functional layers (Pt, ITO, and IZO) are fabricated and characterized for different gases (H2, CO2, CH4, and He) in the laboratory, and real subsurface conditions (Borehole: 51 m) under different environmental conditions (temperature= 25 to 450°C, humidity= 0 to 100%). The measured adsorption enthalpies of hydrogen onto various sensing materials like Pt, ITO, and IZO are calculated -30.3 kJ mol^(-1), -32.5 kJ 〖mol〗^(-1), and -34 kJ 〖mol〗^(-1), respectively, indicating that ITO and IZO are complementary to Pt for the development of a hydrogen gas sensor.Pt/AlGaN/GaN-based HEMT devices have been studied to evaluate the performance of hydrogen sensors in pure atmospheric air and a fully N2-based atmosphere to simulate subsurface conditions where the O2 concentration changes over the depth of the soil. From the thermodynamic analysis, the affinity of hydrogen for Pt was found nearly 2000 times greater than the affinity of oxygen for platinum. This makes the sensor suitable for detecting hydrogen in the air or various mixtures of O2 and H2 at different underground depths imply.A dedicated gas sensor batch has been fabricated with passivated (i.e., non-active) sensor components as a reference for gas detection (active sensor). The active sensor Pt/AlGaN/GaN provided a change in current indicating a response to the hydrogen exposure, while the non-active (Passivated-Pt/AlGaN/GaN) provides no changes in current. But non-active sensor (reference) tracks and eliminates the changes caused by external environmental parameters.This thesis also presents new measurement techniques using pulse polarization for subsurface gas detection with a Pt-AlGaN/GaN HEMT sensor. Instead of imposing a continuous input bias (which always maintains the ON state) over a long period of the experiment, the sensor is activated several times with pulsed polarization for a short period of time (ON/OFF state). The sensors showed a sufficiently fast response to the target gas by changing the drain current in pulsed bias mode with a linear increase in output current even at very low concentrations such as 25 ppm. All the experiments conducted in the study demonstrated that the sensors could work in various measurement scenarios that may occur in the real situation of subsurface gas detection
Grenier, Romain. "Etude multi-échelle des phénomènes physico-chimiques aux interfaces gaz – surfaces métalliques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1113/document.
Full textIn the context of micro- and nano-flows, this work concentrates on the study of interactions at the interface of noble gas and metal surfaces by a multi-physics and multiscale model. Particularly, the interaction of an argon atom with a gold surface is the focus of the study. The work has been made in two steps: the first one occurred at the atomic scale in which Quantum Mechanics is employed and the second one at the nanoscale with the use of Molecular Dynamics.The first part of the work was devoted to the determination of interaction potentials between an argon atom and gold atoms from the surface by DFT calculation methods comporting long range effects. Two approaches, leading similar results, have been used: the first one is linked to a periodic description of the gold surface where electrons are defined by plane waves, the second one gives independently repulsive and attractive parts of the interaction of an argon atom with a small gold cluster. Those interaction potentials are then decomposed in pair potentials suitable for Molecular Dynamics simulations. These last ones consisted in multiple times projecting argon atoms on smooth or rough gold surfaces (which are more representative of the roughness of actual technologies). The statistical analysis of the reflected velocities yielded the tangential momentum accommodation (TMAC) coefficient of argon on gold surfaces. This coefficient is the transcription of slip phenomena which occur at the interface, and it can then be used in nano-flow simulations. The multi-physics approach of the thesis gives accurate TMAC values which are comparable to experiments. The accounted method could then be applied to other noble gas metal surface couples
Woo, Heechul. "The selective low cost gas sensor based on functionalized graphene." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX050/document.
Full textRecent advances in nanomaterials provided a strong potential to create a gas sensor with many advantages such as high sensitivity of single molecule detection, low cost, and low power consumption. Graphene, isolated in 2004, is one of the best promising candidate for the future development of nanosensors applications because of its atom-thick, two-dimensional structures, high conductivity, and large specific surface areas. Every atom of a monolayer graphene can be considered as a surface atom, capable of interacting even with a single molecule of the target gas or vapor species, which eventually results in the ultrasensitive sensor response.In this thesis work, graphene films were synthesized by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) on the glass substrate. Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze the quality and number of layers of graphene. Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were also performed to analyze the quality of graphene. After the characterization of graphene films, graphene based resistive devices (four identical electrodes are thermally evaporated directly onto the graphene film as metal electrodes) were fabricated. The electrical characterization has been carried out using Keithley-4200.Intrinsic device response was studied with different external condition changes (pressure, humidity, light illumination). The device was non-covalently functionalized with organometallic complex (Ru(II) trisbipyridine) and the its light exposure response was studied. The observed device response was reproducible and similar after many cycles of on and off operations. The theoretical and experimental approaches and the results obtained during the thesis are opening up a way to understand and fabricate future gas sensing devices based on the non-covalentely functionalized graphene
Delpha, Claude. "Contribution au développement d'un système multiplicateurs de gaz : application à la détection de gaz réfrigérant Forane 134a et de gaz carbonique dans une atmosphère conditionnée humide." Metz, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2000/Delpha.Claude.SMZ0031.pdf.
Full textThe development of gas multisensor systems (electronic noses) has now an increasing interest in many field of application. In the field of atmospheric anti-pollution control our study consists in the main detection of a refrigerant gas Forane 134a and carbon dioxide in a humidity controlled atmosphere. We first give the state of the art on electronic noses and gas sensors, and then we present to justify our choice for array of tin dioxide (SnO2) sensors from FIGARO Engineering Inc. We mention the main constraints for their use allowing us to define the experimental set-up useful to their study. We show the importance of this set-up by noting the errors and other lack of precision which can be induced in the measurements if a good control is not correctly operated. Afterwards, we give the characterization results of the chosen sensor types for the different possible atmospheres : dry or wet synthetic air mixed with various concentrations of our two target gases R134 and CO2 and their mixture. We underline the reducing type response of the sensor in presence of humidity or R134a, and the oxidising type response CO2. We also show the influence of the relative humidity on the alone or mixed studied gases. From this characterization two main representative variables are extracted : the steady-state conductance and the conductance dynamic slope. The system learning data base is then built and we show that the association of the reference gas conductance as a variable with the two other types allow us to reduce the drift effects during the treatment with multivariate data analysis methods (Principal Component Analysis and Discriminant Factorial Analysis). Finally we propose decisive laws for the identification of the target gases and also their possible quantification. These laws allowed us the successful identification (more than 99%) of unknown test cases
Okambawa, Richard. "Étude expérimentale des interactions moléculaires gaz-gaz et gaz-adsorbant à partir des coefficients du viriel thermophysiques et des coefficients du viriel de la constante diélectrique /." Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1999. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/03-2208187R.html.
Full textEn-tête de titre : Université du Québec. Institut national de la recherche scientifique (Énergie et matériaux). "Cette thèse a été réalisée à l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières... dans le cadre du programme du doctorat en sciences de l'énergie et des matériaux de l'Institut national de recherche scientifique-Énergie et matériaux extensionné à l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières." CaQTU CaQTU Comprend des références bibliogr.
Okambawa, Richard. "Étude expérimentale des interactions moléculaires gaz-gaz et gaz-adsorbant à partir des coefficients du viriel thermophysiques et des coefficients du viriel de la constante diélectrique." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1999. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6713/1/000664973.pdf.
Full textAPPERT, CECILE. "Transition de phase dynamique de type liquide-gaz et creation d'interfaces dans un gaz sur reseau." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066012.
Full textAllemand, Thibaut. "Modèles mathématiques pour les gaz quantiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00548177.
Full textNascimbène, Sylvain. "Thermodynamique des gaz de fermions ultrafroids." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00491711.
Full textGrosfils, Patrick. "Hydrodynamique statistique des gaz sur réseau." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212694.
Full textSavoie, Baptiste. "DIAMAGNETISME DES GAZ QUANTIQUES QUASI-PARFAITS." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00545831.
Full textSzulágyi, Judit. "Accrétion du gaz sur planètes géantes." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4085.
Full textThis thesis is focusing on the runaway gas accretion phase of giant planet formation with hydrodynamic simulations. A Jupiter-mass planet is simulated embedded in a circumstellar disk around a Solar-mass star. Thanks to the JUPITER-code nested meshing technique, the planet vicinity is resolved with high resolution allowing to study the circumplanetary disk formed around the giant planet. Isothermal, 3-dimensional simulations revealed that the accretion is truly 3D process, with 90% of the gas accreted from the vertical direction through the planetary gap. This vertical influx is part of a meridional circulation between the circumstellar and circumplanetary disks. The accretion rate to planet was determined from inviscid simulation, in order to account for the presumably low viscosity environment in the forming planet’s vicinity. In this inviscid limit, the mass doubling time in the runaway phase can be as long as half a million years, competing with the gas dispersal timescale, hence providing a possible solution for the missing population of massive (>3 Jupiter-mass) giant planets. Incorporating the thermal effects into the JUPITER-code, radiative simulations with more realistic temperature information were carried out as well. These simulations revealed that the planetary temperature greatly determines the properties of the circumplanetary material. Even a gap-opening giant planet could only form a circumplanetary, pressure-supported envelope, if the planet temperature is high (~13,000 Kelvin), similarly to low-mass planets. In contrary, in the simulations were the central temperatures were capped at 1000-2000 Kelvins, circumplanetary disks were formed
Braine, Jonathan. "Gaz moléculaire dans les galaxies spirales." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA077283.
Full textIn this thesis I present a study of nearby spiral galaxies (7 to 24 Mpc; H₀ = 75km/s/Mpc) selected on the basis of their blue magnitude. We have observed them in the J = 1-->0 and J = 2-->1 rotational transitions of the ¹²CO molecule in order to investigate the physical conditions of the molecular gas in the central ∼ kiloparsec of spiral galaxies. This is the first survey of ¹²CO(2-1) emission and the highest resolution study of ¹²CO(1-0) emission in galaxies. The molecular gas in the galactic centers appears optically thick in the lines observed and the average line ratio CO(2-1)/CO(1-0)=0. 9. This implies that the excitation temperatures are similar in both transitions. In order for this to be true, the emitting gas must be quite dense, probably about ∼10⁴ mol cm⁻³ or more. If the gas were significantly less dense then the higher transition would be less efficiently excited. Points along the major and/or minor axes were observed as well and show that at high angular resolution there is no standard radial distribution and that off-center maxima are quite frequent (∼ 1/3 of the galaxies). These peaks likely correspond to molecular rings. Comparing the optically perturbed systems to the non-interacting galaxies, we find that the neutral gas is both more abundant and more centrally concentrated in the disturbed galaxies. We suggest that spiral galaxies contain ionized gas in rotation beyond the optical and neutral gas disks. During a gravitational encounter, this diffuse gas is projected inwards where it cools and recombines. We believe that this is the source of the extra neutral gas
MONOT, PASCAL. "Interaction laser-gaz en champ intense." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112239.
Full textPetitjean, Patrick. "Contributions a l'etude de gaz photoionise." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077079.
Full textMéolans, Joseph Gilbert. "Echanges vibrationnels dans les gaz diatomiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX11030.
Full textCozic, Ronan Grenier-Loustalot Marie-Florence. "Développement d'un analyseur de gaz transportable." Villeurbanne : Université Claude Bernard, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/04/79/27/PDF/tel-00008935.pdf.
Full textSavoie, Baptiste. "Diamagnétisme des gaz quantiques quasi-parfaits." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22115/document.
Full textThe main part of this thesis deals with the zero-field diamagnetic susceptibility of a Blochelectrons gas at fixed temperature and fixed density in the limit of low temperatures. For a freeelectrons gas (that is when the periodic potential is zero), the steady diamagnetic susceptibilityhas been computed by L. Landau in 1930 ; the result is known as Landau formula. As for the Blochelectrons, E.R. Peierls in 1933 showed that under the tight-binding approximation, the formula forthe diamagnetic susceptibility remains the same but with the mass of the electron replaced by its”effective mass” ; this result is known as the Landau-Peierls formula. Since, there were very manyattempts in order to clarify the assumptions of validity of the Landau-Peierls formula. The mainresult of this thesis establishes rigorously that at zero temperature, as the density of electrons tendsto zero, the leading contribution of the diamagnetic susceptibility is given by the Landau-Peierlsformula with the effective mass of the lowest Bloch energy band
Baamara, Youcef. "Gaz quantiques, corrélations et métrologie quantique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS482.
Full textIn the initial part of this thesis, we explore the potential of non-Gaussian spin states, offering analytical frameworks and suggesting practical implementations, to enhance precision in parameter estimation and field mapping applications. Initially, we identify the scaling behavior of the quantum gain offered by over-squeezed spin states induced through one-axis twisting as a function of time, taking systematically into account pertinent decoherence processes. Despite exhibiting a quantum metrological advantage surpassing that of spin-squeezed Gaussian states, the extraction of such large quantum gain in parameter estimation protocols requires measuring observables that are nonlinear functions of the three components of the collective spin. Subsequently, we illustrate the efficacy of measurement-after-interaction techniques, known for amplifying output signals in quantum parameter estimation protocols, in measuring nonlinear collective spin observables. By examining a system comprising atoms distributed in spatially separated and individually accessible modes, we then establish that a substantial quantum gain, corresponding to squeezed and over-squeezed spin states, can be achieved in multiparameter estimation protocols through the measurement of Hadamard coefficients of a 1D or 2D signal. When combined with image processing techniques, we finally show that this approach can be made practical. In the second part of this thesis, we extend the Bell inequalities and nonlocal correlation witnesses as previously presented in the literature to scenarios involving a set of atoms distributed across lattice sites, with non-zero probability of encountering sites that may be either empty or doubly occupied
Ouadoudi, Nadia. "Simulation numérique de la phase d'initiation d'une décharge à cathode creuse de type Pseudospark." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30070.
Full textCoupan, Romuald. "Clathrates d’Hydroquinone : aspects fondamentaux et appliqués pour la séparation du CO2 d’un mélange CO2/CH4." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3033/document.
Full textOrganic clathrate compounds, particularly those formed between hydroquinone (HQ) and gases, are supramolecular entities recently highlighted as promising alternatives for applications such as gas storage and separation processes. This study deals with an evaluation of the HQ clathrates to separate CO2 from CO2/CH4 gas mixtures through direct gas-solid reaction. On the fundamental point of view, new insights into several properties of the CO2-, CO2/CH4-, and CH4-HQ clathrates were studied: spectroscopic signatures, crystal structures, morphologies, gas storage capacities, guest release temperatures and structural transition temperatures. This work also offers new elements of understanding HQ clathrate formation and dissociation mechanisms. It is shown that, for capturing CO2 the most selectively and efficiently, the enclathration reaction has to be done with the “guest-free intermediate” derived from the CO2−HQ clathrates. On a practical point of view, the equilibrium curves, the dissociation enthalpies, and the occupancies at the equilibrium clathrate forming conditions, were determined for the CO2- and CH4-HQ clathrates in an extended range of temperature from about 288 to 354 K. Moreover, the kinetics of the gas-solid enclathration reaction were studied experimentally and modelled. In this way, HQ-based composite materials were developed and allows to reversibly capture and store gases, and to significantly improve the enclathration kinetics. The hydroquinone clathrate based gas separation (HCBGS) process was also investigated. The influence of the process operating parameters (i.e. reaction time, pressure, temperature and feed gas composition) on the CO2 capture kinetics, the selectivity toward CO2, and the storage capacity were assessed through experiments performed at pilot scale
Le, Minh Thong. "Le rôle des gaz conventionnels et non-conventionnels dans la transition énergétique en Asie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAE007/document.
Full textEnergy and environmental issues are one of the main challenges for humanity in the 21st century. Global growth in energy demand links to environmental concerns including pollution, global warming and reduction of CO2 emissions. In particular, it is an urgent request in rapidly growing developing regions such as Asian countries. Using cleaner energy sources, renewable energy instead of traditional energy sources like coal and oil is an inevitable option in the future. In the current context, natural gas is seen as a clean energy source which plays a major role in the energy transition process towards a low-carbon economy. The consequences for natural gas markets are significant and the condition of this change is an abundant supply of natural gas. The development of unconventional gas, particularly shale gas, provides an opportunity to expand the global gas supply. This is illustrated by the “shale gas revolution” in US which has profoundly changed the regional gas markets. However, this "revolution" is hardly reproducible in other regions of the world. This thesis demonstrates particularly that apart from geological, institutional conditions (taxation, property rights), economic (prices, technologies) and organizational (free markets) are necessary for a large scale development of unconventional resources. This research also shows that most of these conditions are not met in Europe or Asia (especially in China). Therefore, an energy transition by natural gas to meet climate challenges in Asia will be solved through imports, rather than through regional production. From three scenarios of the POLES model based on assumptions about climate policy, shale gas development and rapid increase of demand for gas in the energy mix (particularly in Asia), two main conclusions emerge. The developments of shale gas with low cost in the USA make the global gas supply abundant and more competitive than other energies, particularly coal. Therefore, even without climate policy, the conditions are ripe for the increaseof natural gas proportion in the energy mix. Secondly, a strong climate policy has contradictory effects on the relative share of natural gas in the Asian energy mix. On the one hand, it allows natural gas larger penetration into the energy mix of Asia. But at the same time, with limitation of energy demand, requested natural gas volumes are only slightly higher than in scenarios without climate policy
Chapoy, Antonin. "Etude des équilibres des systèmes : Eau-hydrocarbures-gaz acides dans le cadre de la production de gaz." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001202.
Full textNeyt, Jean-Claude. "Calcul de la tension interfaciale de mélanges gaz / eau, gaz / huile et huile / eau par simulation moléculaire." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00962483.
Full textMawlana, Abdulrahman. "Étude en régime permanent et transitoire du transfert liquide-gaz : cas d'un réacteur fluidisé gaz-liquide-solide." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT026G.
Full textEscande, Joël. "Caractérisation d'un écoulement de gaz sec ou de gaz humide en conduite à l'aide de techniques ultrasonores." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ESAE0026.
Full textGODIN, THIERRY. "Activite chimique des gaz de combustion au cours de la detente dans les futures turbines a gaz." Paris, ENMP, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENMP0693.
Full textFRANCO, PATRICE. "Contribution a la valorisation chimique directe du gaz naturel : pyrolyse du methane dans des gaz de combustion." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066125.
Full textLayes, Guillaume. "Etude expérimentale de l'interaction d'une onde de choc avec une bulle de gaz différent du gaz porteur." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX11044.
Full textErouel, Mohsen. "Etude sur les transistors organiques à vocation capteur de gaz : application à la détection de gaz nitrés." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0040/these.pdf.
Full textOrganic field effect transistors (OFETs) are now widely recognized for their potential applications in all fields of so-called "plastic electronics". The high development of those transistors is related to the possibility to use its on nitrous gas sensor elaboration. The development of those systems needs the use of adapted technologies, a low elaboration cost, working at low temperature, to be easy to transport, selective and stable. In this field, the objective of our work consists on developing organic transistors for nitrous derivates detection usually used on classical explosive system. The sensor elaboration needed the good realisation of many tasks. The first one consists on the selection of the dielectric allowing us to have a stable transistor. For this, two insulator materials were used: inorganic oxides with high dielectric value (Ta2O5, HfO2, ZrO2, Al2O3/ZrO2) deposited with a low temperature process and an organic insulating material, the polymethylmethacrylate PMMA deposited by spin-coating. Pentacene transistors using different dielectrics were elaborated in order to compare their electric efficiencies. The results analysis (morphologic and electric) permitted to understand the comportment of those systems under their general aspect in addition to the comportment of the used dielectrics. The study of the stability of the oligothienylenevinylenes derivatives based transistors selected for the detection of dinitrotoluen (DNT) was conduced. The measure of components derivates was realized by studies based on the stress influence following, humidity and temperature. Sensors responses to DNT vapour were followed. Detection is related to donor-acceptor reaction
Bigault, de Granrut Aurore de. "Archéo-atmosphères terrestres : la mémoire des verres archéologiques, propriétés physico-chimiques, vésicules, gaz majeurs et gaz rares." Nantes, 2012. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=1a820cb6-aeaf-48c3-b75d-f522ee312758.
Full textThe atmospheric components of past climatic changes are often constrained from ice records of polar ice sheets. In this study, we propose an alternative method based on analyses of atmospheric gases trapped in bubbles of archaeological glasses from the Western Europe and dated between the Ist century BC and the present. Indeed, during the shaping of ancient glasses, bubbles are created in glass paste (melting and glass-paste degassing), or from the step of glass working in open air, where the surrounding atmosphere could be trapped. In first time, our geochemical approach evidences the evolution in time of physical and chemical properties of archaeological glasses, linked with evolution of glassmaking processes. In second time, the study of VSD of these glasses show a bimodal size bubbles distribution in flat glasses and an unimodal in the other kind of glasses. Geochemical analyses of major gases included in bubbles in flat glasses, show a chemical dichotomy between two groups of bubbles, independent of chemical composition of glass paste. The smallest bubbles are exclusively composed of CO2, whereas the largest are rich in N2 (~80%), poor in CO2 (~15%), contained Ar (~1%), and sometimes O2, like-looking of an modified atmospheric composition. The excess of CO2 could be explained by mixing between atmospheric trapped gases and furnace/combustion gases, and/or chemical reaction with particular soots (observed by SEM). So, a discrimination between the contaminants and ancient atmospheric gases could be proposed using isotopic measurements of insert species like noble gases. The archaeological glasses could appears like a new complex source of archeo-climatic recording
Akiki, Rony. "Etude de la recirculation des gaz carter et des gaz d’échappement dans les moteurs à combustion interne." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100197.
Full textIn this project a combination of experiments and simulations is used to study the recirculation of the blow by gas and the exhaust gas in internal combustion engines. These systems were developed to reduce pollutant emissions. Exhaust Gas Recirculation EGR reduces flame temperature, thereby reducing nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. Centrifugal oil mist separators present in the crankcase ventilation systems are used to separate oil particles from blow by gas in order to reduce oil consumption and protect the air intake line. A new simultaneous measurement technique of particles sizes and velocities in a field of a few square centimetres was developed. Measurements have been carried out on an experimental set-up developed to simulate the blow by gas and the engine crankcase ventilation system. Analytical software was developed to predict the efficiency and the pressure drop of the swirl tube separator. Theoretical results were compared and validated by experimental results. A new concept of oil mist separator “variable swirl tube separator” adapted to our application was developed. This concept reduces five times the oil consumption coming from the blow by gas in internal combustion engines. To study the air/EGR mixture in the air intake manifold, before the combustion chamber, a new non-intrusive measurement technique was developed in this study. This technique evaluates the homogeneity of the air/EGR mixture and measures the EGR cylinder to cylinder distribution