Journal articles: 'Gazetteers'

1

Schäfer, Dagmar, Shih-pei Chen, and Qun Che. "What is Local Knowledge? Digital Humanities and Yuan Dynasty Disasters in Imperial China's Local Gazetteers." Journal of Chinese History 4, no. 2 (July 2020): 391–429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jch.2020.31.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis paper focuses on the historical politics of disaster records in Chinese local gazetteers (difangzhi 地方志). Using records of mulberry crop failures as examples, the authors ask how gazetteer editors collated Yuan disaster records—initially collected to help prevent disasters and authorize the legitimacy of dynastic rule—in gazetteers and, in so doing, made them into ‘local’ knowledge. Digital humanities methods allow for both qualitative and quantitative analyses, and the authors deploy them to demonstrate how, in structured texts like the Chinese local gazetteers, they could help combine close reading of specific sections and larger-scale analysis of regional patterns. In the first part, the authors show how disasters were recorded in a Yuan Zhenjiang gazetteer to facilitate taxation and disaster prevention locally—a strategy rarely traceable in subsequent gazetteers until the Qing. In the second part, the authors shifted their perspective to the historical accumulation of data and what that reveals about the reception of Yuan disasters: whereas local gazetteers from the north generate long chronologies of mulberry disasters from the Ming to the Qing, others depict the south as disaster-free.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Bénéï, Véronique. "Reappropriating Colonial Documents in Kolhapur (Maharashtra): Variations on a Nationalist Theme." Modern Asian Studies 33, no. 4 (October 1999): 913–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x99003431.

Full text

Abstract:

The district histories should not become [. . .] a series of unrelated facts without any narrative which can be linked with national history, [. . .] the facts that raised problems should invariably come in the gazetteers if they are to be taken as faithful registers of the country. (Chaudhuri, History of the Gazetteers of India, 1964: 163)After India became free, it was felt that a new edition of the Gazetteers should be brought out. The life of a people never stands still. Any account of a country—and a gazetteer is no exception—must therefore be revised from time to time (Gazetteer of India: Indian Union, 1965: ii).How does a nation ‘imagine itself into existence’ (Anderson 1983), particularly after it has been subjected to colonial rule? How does it (re-)appropriate its history, and what are the means at its disposal for creating and asserting an identity or specificity of its own? India has since independence achieved some political and ideological unity: from north to south and from east to west of the peninsula, although they have contested it in a number of cases, people have developed some consciousness of being Indians, ‘sons of Mother India’.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Márton, Mátyás. "Visszaemlékezés a Földrajzinév-bizottság helyesírás-szabályozási és földrajzinévtár-készítési munkásságára." Névtani Értesítő 35 (December 30, 2013): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29178/nevtert.2013.3.

Full text

Abstract:

The author of the present paper, a cartographer, studies the questions of geographical names for the correct representation of seas in every respect. Determining and handling the Hungarian names for maritime features raise questions that are identical with those emerging in connection with land objects: spelling, standardization, determining “official” names, managing name changes, compiling gazetteers, etc. This paper is a salute to the colleagues who several years ago set the theoretical and practical basis for the studies of the author. Amongst the main foundational works, one has to mention the standardization work of the “National Committee for the Registration of Settlements”, which also published the “Gazetteer of Hungary” (‘Helységnévtár’) a century ago in 1913, and that of the Hungarian Committee on Geographical Names, which, since its foundation 50 years ago in 1963, has dealt with regulation of orthography (1965 and 1998) and compilation of gazetteers (1971, 1976–1981 and 1982). The author describes his work and studies related to the improvement of Gazetteer of Hungary, II. (‘Magyarország földrajzinévtára, II.’). He also clarifies some misunderstandings in connection with Hungarian gazetteers, which have already been published in philological papers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Sue, Takashi. "Revelations of a Missing Paragraph: Zhu Changwen (1039-1098) and the Compilation of Local Gazetteers in Northern Song China." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 52, no. 1 (2009): 57–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852009x405348.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe Supplement to the Illustrated Record of Wu Commandery (Wujun tujing xuji), compiled in 1084 by Zhu Changwen (1039-1098), is one of only two extant Northern Song local gazetteers. An examination of biographical materials reveals that Zhu Changwen wrote his gazetteer in opposition to the New Policies of Wang Anshi (1021-1086); it was intended as a contribution toward a new empire-wide gazetteer that would be required after the abolition of Wang's administrative reorganizations. The detail of Zhu's Supplement anticipates the more comprehensive gazetteers of the late Northern and the Southern Song. Les Notes supplémentaires à la géographie de la commanderie Wu (Wujun tujing xuji), compilées par Zhu Changwen (1039-1098) en 1084, sont l'une des deux seules monographies locales qui nous soient parvenues des Song du Nord. Un examen des matériaux biographiques montre que Zhu Changwen l'avait écrite en adversaire des réformes de Wang Anshi (1021-1086) pour contribuer à une nouvelle monographie nationale devenue nécessaire du fait de l'abolition attendue des réorganisations administratives de Wang Anshi. Par leur contenu, les Notes supplémentaires anticipent les monographies locales plus complètes des derniers Song du Nord et des Song du Sud.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Chen, Shih-Pei. "Fenye by the Numbers: A Quantitative Analysis of Astrological Contents in Chinese Local Gazetteers." HoST - Journal of History of Science and Technology 18, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 6–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/host-2024-0002.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Fenye (分野, lit., “field allocation”), is a traditional Chinese astrological system that associated celestial phenomena with regions on earth since ancient times. During middle and late imperial China, many literati writings criticized this system as illogical. Yet in the local gazetteers that were compiled in late imperial China to document local data within each administrative region, compilers continued to use fenye as the canonical way to identify their regions within the vast empire. The Jesuit introduction of Western sciences to China, in particular the technology that could precisely locate any place or region with latitude and longitude, appeared to render fenye obsolete, which fueled even more literati criticism. Modern scholars consider the public criticism from the Qianlong emperor and the resulting removal of fenye from the 1781 Rehe Gazetteer the end of fenye in imperial orthodoxy. However, by quantitatively analyzing a collection of 4,410 titles of local gazetteers and their section headings, this paper reveals many examples of local literati who resisted removing fenye entirely from their local history, well into the late Republican period.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Southall, Humphrey, Ruth Mostern, and Merrick Lex Berman. "On historical gazetteers." International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 5, no. 2 (October 2011): 127–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ijhac.2011.0028.

Full text

Abstract:

Gazetteers play an important but largely unsung role in historical research, used with maps to help place people and events in spatial context. Recent years have seen new interest in digital gazetteers as bridges between the geospatial web and the semantic web, but many existing digital gazetteers and data models do not meet the needs of historians, as they focus on physiographic landforms rather than places of cultural meaning or administrative units. Historical researchers need to know about places whose locations are not knowable with certainty. They need to know about alternative names for places, about how names have evolved over time, and the specific historical contexts in which names were used. While GIS researchers propose temporal gazetteers, which will somehow include the precise dates at which features were created and removed, we propose historical gazetteers in which dates appear mainly in order to help reference particular instances of place names. Longer term, we need cultural gazetteers or toponymic encyclopedias that describe places as well as locate them.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

El Khatib, Randa. "Laying the Foundation for Community-Driven, Open Cultural Gazetteers." KULA: Knowledge Creation, Dissemination, and Preservation Studies 3 (February 27, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/kula.53.

Full text

Abstract:

Geospatial humanities projects rely on information found in gazetteers to supply the infrastructure for projects. However, a majority of spatial gazetteers provide place names and geographical coordinates but lack contextualizing information that give meaning to a place, making them insufficient resources for humanities inquiry. In this article, I explore contemporary approaches to data collection and models for cultural gazetteers set forth by early modern chorographical traditions to lay the foundation for building community-driven, open cultural gazetteers. Concurrently, the role of the public in providing Volunteered Geographical Information (VGI) by harnessing user-friendly tools is explored.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Cervellati, Roberto, Chiara Ramorino, Jörn Sievers, Janet Thomson, and Drew Clarke. "A composite gazetteer of Antarctica." Polar Record 36, no. 198 (July 2000): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400016739.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractPublication of the Composite gazetteer of Antarctica by the SCAR Working Group on Geodesy and Geographic Information is a major milestone in the evolution of Antarctic toponymy. It has taken six years to produce, and contains 21,552 names representing 16,563 geographic features, sourced from 20 national Antarctic gazetteers and one international agency. The Gazetteer has been designed to avoid any value judgement regarding precedence or form of the various place-names. The contents of the two volumes are described, and the results of an analysis of the names data are presented. It is noted that 476 geographic features have two or more completely different names, whereas 3377 features have multiple names due to translation or transliteration. The limited progress towards development of toponymic guidelines for the Antarctic is described, along with plans for further development of the Gazetteer. An immediate benefit of the publication is that national Antarctic geographic names authorities will now be able to avoid approving new names for geographic features that are already named.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Chai, Mengyuan. "Idealizing a Daoist Grotto-Heaven: The Luofu Mountains in Luofu Yesheng 羅浮野乘." Religions 13, no. 11 (November 2, 2022): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13111043.

Full text

Abstract:

The region of the Luofu Mountains in Guangdong, China, has long been a Daoist sacred place for centuries. In the Daoist sacred geographic system “Dongtian Fudi” (Grotto-Heavens and Blissful Lands), the Luofu Mountains are ranked as the seventh “Major Grotto-Heaven”, standing as an influential site for the practice Daoist immortals. Due to a sense of local pride and responsibility, the Guangdong literatus Han Huang (active approx. 1600–1639) compiled an important gazetteer named Luofu yesheng (The Unofficial Gazetteer of the Luofu Mountains) in 1639, which is largely underexplored. By investigating the texts and images within Luofu yesheng and by comparing them with other gazetteers of the Luofu Mountains compiled during the Ming dynasty, this article discovers that Han Huang compiled such a gazetteer and demonstrated the religious sacredness of the Luofu Mountains to advocate for recognition of their status as a grotto-heaven and by imaginatively reconstructing their lost religious sites in Luofu yesheng’s texts and images.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Kabadayı, M. Erdem, Akın Sefer, Grigor Boykov, and Piet Gerrits. "Making of a mid-nineteenth century Ottoman gazetteer and mapping and examining late Ottoman population geography." Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association 9, no. 2 (September 2022): 179–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/tur.2022.a902201.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT: This article highlights the absence of historical gazetteers for territories once part of the Ottoman Empire, which hinders modern scholarship. The mid-nineteenth-century population registers ( nüfus defterleri ) offer a useful foundation for developing a gazetteer of the entire Ottoman Empire, but their use is limited due to the challenging task of geolocating the included populated places. To overcome this issue, two research projects collaborated to map mid-nineteenth-century population data using around 850 Ottoman population registers from the 1840s. The authors utilized historical maps and population registers to geolocate 16,782 populated places, creating the first version of their regional mid-nineteenth-century gazetteer. The article outlines the team's methodology used to build the gazetteer and addresses the notable limitations of the sources. Moreover, it contributes to the study of Ottoman population geography by demonstrating the extensive possibilities of historical GIS methodologies in enriching population density maps by considering environmental variables in the analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Nagatoshi, Nogami. "Supplemental ancient Chinese meteor, meteorite fall and comet records with Zhongguo gudai tianxiang jilu zongji (1)." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, H16 (August 2012): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314005195.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractZhongguo guidai tianxiang jilu zongji pressed in 1988 containes ancient Chinese astronomical records including that of meteor, meteorite fall and comet until 1911 from the Standard Histories and local gazetteers existed in China. On the other hand, many local gazetteers lost in China at present have been collected in university and public libraries in Japan. Especially the library of Chinese section in the Research Institute for Humanistic Studies in Kyoto University and the Oriental Library in Tokyo have big collection. This presentation will give a few dozens supplemential ancient records with that big book from local gazetteers in above mentioned libraries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Aucott, Paula, and Humphrey Southall. "Locating Past Places in Britain: Creating and Evaluating the GB1900 Gazetteer." International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 13, no. 1-2 (October 2019): 69–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ijhac.2019.0232.

Full text

Abstract:

The GB1900 project used crowd-sourcing to transcribe all text from the second edition County Series six inch to one mile maps of Great Britain, published between 1888 and 1914, a total of c. 2.55m. geo-located text strings. These locate almost every farm and about half of all street names. The paper describes the final datasets, and how they were created. It then presents a detailed comparison with five other freely-available gazetteers of Britain: Geonames, the US government's NGA gazetteer, the Ordnance Survey's 50k and Open Names datasets, and the English Place Name Survey's DEEP project. Comparisons are presented at national level and, more qualitatively, for an area of eastern England. The results demonstrate both GB1900's greater volume of geo-located entries and its ability to locate places and features identified in other historical sources beyond administrative hierarchies: this is the most detailed historical gazetteer, certainly for Britain and possibly for anywhere. The final online system is described, including its integration of place name histories from DEEP.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Chen, Shih-Pei, Kenneth J. Hammond, Anne Gerritsen, Shellen Wu, and Jiajing Zhang. "Local Gazetteers Research Tools: Overview and Research Application." Journal of Chinese History 4, no. 2 (July 2020): 544–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jch.2020.26.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis article gives an overview of the Local Gazetteers Research Tools (LoGaRT), including its development, technical features, methodology, and examples of research applications by members of the Tu 圖 working group. The use of LoGaRT is illustrated with four brief introductions to projects that draw on visual materials from the local gazetteers, including ritual-related illustrations, city layout maps, and maps with western cartographic features. See the websites for more detailed information on LoGaRT and other research projects using it.1

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Laurini, Robert. "Geographic Ontologies, Gazetteers and Multilingualism." Future Internet 7, no. 4 (January 5, 2015): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi7010001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Xue, Susan. "New local gazetteers from China." Collection Building 29, no. 3 (July 6, 2010): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01604951011060402.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Buckland, Michael, Aitao Chen, Fredric C. Gey, Ray R. Larson, Ruth Mostern, and Vivien Petras. "Geographic Search: Catalogs, Gazetteers, and Maps." College & Research Libraries 68, no. 5 (September 1, 2007): 376–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.68.5.376.

Full text

Abstract:

Libraries need to support geographic search. The traditional reliance on place names and political jurisdictions needs to be complemented by greater attention to space, using latitude and longitude. If place name authority files are linked to (or developed into) place name gazetteers, spatial coordinates can be added, places can be located in space, similar and multiple place names can be disambiguated, additional spatial relationships can be established (for example, near, between). Map visualizations used to display geographic aspects of retrieved sets can also provide a more flexible way in to specify the geographic facet in search queries. Analyses show that library catalog records contain geographic data that remains unused. Recommendations and prototype interfaces are presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Lien, Y. Edmund. "Dunhuang Gazetteers of the Tang Period." Tang Studies 27, no. 1 (2009): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tan.2009.0003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Knowles, Anne Kelly. "Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 48, no. 4 (February 2018): 561–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_r_01212.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Jordan, Peter. "Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers." Cartographic Journal 54, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 377–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00087041.2017.1419895.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Lien, Y. Edmund. "Dunhuang Gazetteers of the Tang Period." Tang Studies 2009, no. 27 (December 2009): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/073750309x12532709493191.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Wu, Huiyi. "An Encounter of Incommensurables: European Cosmological Knowledge in the Fenye Chapters of Chinese Local Gazetteers (1660-1820)." HoST - Journal of History of Science and Technology 18, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 31–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/host-2024-0003.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract It has often been argued that the introduction of early modern European cosmology at the turn of the seventeenth century by Jesuit missionaries—subsumed under the generic term “Western learning” (xixue 西學)—signalled the demise of traditional fenye (分野, or “field allocation”) theory, as the concept of Earth’s sphericity and the widened sense of world geography are fundamentally at odds with the Sinocentric worldview underpinning fenye. However, the fenye chapters in Qing dynasty local gazetteers tell a different story: in comparison with earlier Ming gazetteers their proportion increased. These chapters rarely take a stance against Western learning. Rather, they invoke Western learning as part and parcel of the imperially sanctioned astronomy to be reckoned with, or even suggest it as a remedy for flaws in traditional fenye techniques, leading to a plurality of discourses in which Sino-Western relationships become entangled with tension between the imperial and the local. This phenomenon is particularly visible in the peripheral regions of the empire, such as Guangxi, as these were traditionally marginalised in the Sinocentric cosmology of the fenye system. This paper explores cosmological discourses to answer the following questions: What were the agendas that Western learning was made to serve in these gazetteers? How did local endeavours relate to court-sponsored imperial projects? What were their sources of knowledge on matters of Western learning, and how can we map out the geography of Western learning based on these local sources?

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Agøy, Erling. "Weather Prognostication in Late Imperial China as Presented in Local Gazetteers (1644–1722)." International Journal of Divination and Prognostication 4, no. 2 (August 30, 2023): 104–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25899201-bja10002.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This article examines Late Imperial Chinese prognostication practices in relation to weather and climate, as they appear in local gazetteers 方志 (fangzhi) – a sort of local history or reference book – from across the country. My focus is on the so-called “farmers’ prognostications 農占 (nongzhan).” Where and by whom were weather prognostications used? How great were the internal differences within China? What were the main methods used to predict the year’s harvest? The research’s scope is limited by the available sources: out of the many thousands of extant gazetteers, I strictly work only with those works published during the two first Qing 清 (1644–1912) reigns Shunzhi 順治 (1644–1661) and Kangxi 康熙 (1662–1722). The geographical area is determined by these sources but basically corresponds to the Han-majority provinces of “China proper.”

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Horne, Ryan. "Beyond lists: digital gazetteers and digital history." Historian 82, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00182370.2020.1725992.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Luna, Vladimir, Fred Fonseca, Clodoveu A. Davis Jr., Rolando Quintero, and Imelda Escamilla. "Enrichment of Geographic Information Based on Gazetteers." International Journal of Knowledge Society Research 7, no. 1 (January 2016): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijksr.2016010103.

Full text

Abstract:

A large amount of geographic information is contained in text documents available in the Web. For instance, forum messages posted by students in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) may contain references to places. Unfortunately, this information is not exploited, although it can be useful to further understand the topics of the courses. Therefore, the authors propose an approach to instantly provide additional information to MOOC students about geographic features found in publications at course forums. The results are displayed through our tool, ORBIS, which automatically highlights the geographic entities in the texts. With this tool, the student gets access to additional information in the same environment, without disruption, interacting with maps and spatial relationships with other entities. Information on locations mentioned in text is obtained from queries posted to the gazetteer Linked OntoGazetteer. The authors applied their prototype to the students' posts in the forum space for the Geo-MOOC titled Maps and the Geospatial Revolution course, offered by the Pennsylvania State University.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Brown, Tristan G. "From Fenye to Fengshui: Applying Correlative Cosmography in Late Imperial China." HoST - Journal of History of Science and Technology 18, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 61–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/host-2024-0004.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This paper documents the resilience of fenye (分野, lit., “field allocation”) and its applications through the nineteenth century in China. Despite literati (and eventually imperial) criticisms that the fenye system of correlative cosmography was outdated and unworthy of belief, fenye retained a sizeable audience through the close of the Qing period. At the top, the Qing imperial state continued to reference fenye correlations in its official communications late into the dynasty. In local society, literati looked to newly issued dynastic sources of astrological knowledge to update local gazetteers; in the nineteenth century, these trends were pronounced along frontier areas lacking longstanding gazetteer records. Finally, people engaged in the practice of fengshui looked to fenye knowledge to update the values and layout of the compass, the historical origins of which related to geomantic practices. In the Qing period, the compass was both theoretically and physically altered under the influence of Jesuit-introduced “Western Learning” (Xixue 西學). The paper contends that the status of fenye in pre-twentieth century China was seldom an allor-nothing proposition between a celebrated component of imperial orthodoxy and an outdated relic in inexorable decline: people critiqued fenye, used fenye, and updated fenye.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Alex, Beatrice, Kate Byrne, Claire Grover, and Richard Tobin. "Adapting the Edinburgh Geoparser for Historical Georeferencing." International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 9, no. 1 (March 2015): 15–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ijhac.2015.0136.

Full text

Abstract:

Place name mentions in text may have more than one potential referent (e.g. Peru, the country vs. Peru, the city in Indiana). The Edinburgh Language Technology Group (LTG) has developed the Edinburgh Geoparser, a system that can automatically recognise place name mentions in text and disambiguate them with respect to a gazetteer. The recognition step is required to identify location mentions in a given piece of text. The subsequent disambiguation step, generally referred to as georesolution, grounds location mentions to their corresponding gazetteer entries with latitude and longitude values, for example, to visualise them on a map. Geoparsing is not only useful for mapping purposes but also for making document collections more accessible as it can provide additional metadata about the geographical content of documents. Combined with other information mined from text such as person names and date expressions, complex relations between such pieces of information can be identified. The Edinburgh Geoparser can be used with several gazetteers including Unlock and GeoNames to process a variety of input texts. The original version of the Geoparser was a demonstrator configured for modern text. Since then, it has been adapted to georeference historic and ancient text collections as well as modern-day newspaper text. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 Currently, the LTG is involved in three research projects applying the Geoparser to historical text collections of very different types and for a variety of end-user applications. This paper discusses the ways in which we have customised the Geoparser for specific datasets and applications relevant to each project.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Kirk, Johnathan P., and Gordon A. Cromley. "Assimilating Weather Data into a Digital Event Gazetteer of Airborne Parachute Operations during the French Indochina War." Weather, Climate, and Society 10, no. 1 (November 21, 2017): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-17-0016.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Modern datasets cataloging historical events, known as digital event gazetteers, feature spatiotemporal data regarding events that enable analysis through parameters including location and other descriptive information of those events. Weather and climate data represent two dimensions of spatiotemporal information, which can enhance understanding of historical events. A recently published digital event gazetteer of airborne parachute operations [opérations aéroportées (OAPs)] during and prior to the French Indochina War, spanning from 1945 to 1954, represents an opportunity to associate discrete historical events with weather information. This study outlines a methodology for assimilating weather data into the construct of a digital event gazetteer and then demonstrates example analyses of how the weather and climate conditions in Indochina may relate to OAPs during the war. A synoptic classification, utilizing the self-organizing maps procedure, is performed using daily mean sea level pressure data from 1945 to 2010, from a twentieth-century reanalysis dataset, to characterize weather patterns over the Indochina Peninsula. Since observations are sparse during the years of the conflict, the resulting weather patterns are associated with modern precipitation observations in the area, as a representation of wet and dry patterns during the war. The appropriate daily weather pattern is then assigned to each OAP in order to investigate its relationship with the weather and climate patterns of Indochina, including the influence of monsoon seasons, and how the resulting precipitation patterns affected combat operations across the theater. Additionally, specific OAPs of various missions are analyzed to investigate how weather patterns may have affected operation planning during the French Indochina War.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

唐立宗, 唐立宗. "俱撰有志：明代河東學派張良知的仕宦生涯與志書編刊析論." 明代研究 38, no. 38 (June 2022): 001–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/160759942022060038001.

Full text

Abstract:

明儒薛瑄於山西河東地區發揚程朱理學，倡研正心復性的實踐之學，受教弟子成眾，後世稱河東學派。薛瑄的再傳弟子呂柟，被視作明代中期河東學派的代表人物，呂柟同時受到關學的影響，除了持續推動研經講學外，還投入地方志的編纂工作，其言教身教之影響值得留意。本文主要探究明代河東學派門人編纂地方志的動向，特別以張良知為例，透過記載其生平事蹟的神道碑文，及相關志書、文集等，考察他在許州、漢中、中都三地的仕宦經歷與修志作為，及其所撰志書史料價值，並指出河東學派關心史志之剪裁編排、重視國家典章制度與官員政務活動的志書風格。  By focusing on the relationship between the Ming dynasty Hedong School member Zhang Liangzhi’s career and his selection of materials for the compilation of local gazetteers in three different locales (Xuzhou, Hanzhong, Zhongdu), this article makes a preliminary foray into what members of the Hedong School emphasized in their compilation of local gazetteers. Using Zhang’s stele epitaph, his gazetteers writings, and collected works (wenji), along with other historical documents, I investigate the relationship between his approach to governing local communities and the compiling of local gazetteers. Through an assessment of this relationship, this article reveals that the Hedong School not only focused on matters of editing and the arrangement of historical sources but further favored topics related to imperial decrees and regulations, and governmental affairs.airs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Song, Chan Hee, and Arijit Sehanobish. "Using Chinese Glyphs for Named Entity Recognition (Student Abstract)." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 10 (April 3, 2020): 13921–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i10.7233.

Full text

Abstract:

Most Named Entity Recognition (NER) systems use additional features like part-of-speech (POS) tags, shallow parsing, gazetteers, etc. Adding these external features to NER systems have been shown to have a positive impact. However, creating gazetteers or taggers can take a lot of time and may require extensive data cleaning. In this work instead of using these traditional features we use lexicographic features of Chinese characters. Chinese characters are composed of graphical components called radicals and these components often have some semantic indicators. We propose CNN based models that incorporate this semantic information and use them for NER. Our models show an improvement over the baseline BERT-BiLSTM-CRF model. We present one of the first studies on Chinese OntoNotes v5.0 and show an improvement of + .64 F1 score over the baseline. We present a state-of-the-art (SOTA) F1 score of 71.81 on the Weibo dataset, show a competitive improvement of + 0.72 over baseline on the ResumeNER dataset, and a SOTA F1 score of 96.49 on the MSRA dataset.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Salah, Ramzi, Muaadh Mukred, Lailatul Qadri binti Zakaria, Rashad Ahmed, and Hasan Sari. "A New Rule-Based Approach for Classical Arabic in Natural Language Processing." Journal of Mathematics 2022 (January 21, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7164254.

Full text

Abstract:

Named entity recognition (NER) is fundamental in several natural language processing applications. It involves finding and categorizing text into predefined categories such as a person's name, location, and so on. One of the most famous approaches to identify named entity is the rule-based approach. This paper introduces a rule-based NER method that can be used to examine Classical Arabic documents. The proposed method relied on triggers words, patterns, gazetteers, rules, and blacklists generated by the linguistic information about entities named in Arabic. The method operates in three stages, operational stage, preprocessing stage, and processing the rule application stage. The proposed approach was evaluated, and the results indicate that this approach achieved a 90.2% rate of precision, an 89.3% level of recall, and an F-measure of 89.5%. This new approach was introduced to overcome the challenges related to coverage in rule-based NER systems, especially when dealing with Classical Arabic texts. It improved their performance and allowed for automated rule updates. The grammar rules, gazetteers, blacklist, patterns, and trigger words were all integrated into the rule-based system in this way.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Oh, Doori, and Xiaobai A. Yao. "Assessing Place Type Similarities Based on Functional Signatures Extracted from Social Media Data." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 9 (September 17, 2021): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10090626.

Full text

Abstract:

Place types are often used to query places or retrieve data in gazetteers. Existing gazetteers do not use the same place type classification schemes, and the various typing schemes can cause difficulties in data alignment and matching. Different place types may share some level of similarities. However, previous studies have paid little attention to the place type similarities. This study proposes an analytical approach to measuring similarities between place types in multiple typing schemes based on functional signatures extracted from web-harvested place descriptions. In this study, a functional signature consists of three component signature factors: place affordance, events, and key-descriptors. The proposed approach has been tested in a case study using Twitter data. The case study finds high similarity scores between some pairs of types and summarizes the situations when high similarities could occur. The research makes two innovative contributions: First, it proposes a new analytical approach to measuring place type similarities. Second, it demonstrates the potential and benefits of using location-based social media data to better understand places.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Li, Yuehua, and Hui Li. "Exploring the Rice Cultivars in Large-Scale Chinese Local Gazetteers: A Computational Approach." Plants 11, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 3403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11233403.

Full text

Abstract:

Chinese local gazetteers have long been widely used by scholars to investigate the local products, culture, economy, and much more. Confronted with large-scale digitized resources nowadays, researchers can explore historical texts in a novel way. In this paper, we propose a computational approach in order to perform large-scale quantitative analysis of plant knowledge embedded in Chinese local gazetteers. We select the typical rice cultivars by their occurrences in the records, interpret their common features, and leverage the data clustering algorithm to investigate the inner connections among cultivars. We conduct a case study on a dataset of records of rice cultivars over 8 centuries in Jiangsu Province, China. We find that although planting early-season rice in Jiangsu province was the common practice, the local rice farmers cared more about the color, quality, and uses of cultivars than their sowing time. In addition, not all the rice varieties mentioned frequently in records are local plants. Plants imported from other provinces or countries were also highly recorded because of their good quality and special characteristics. Our study offers a practical guide and reference to history study as well as useful clues for modern agriculture.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Xie, Qin, Francesco-Alessio Ursini, and Giuseppe Samo. "Urbanonyms in Macao." Names 71, no. 1 (March 14, 2023): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/names.2023.2421.

Full text

Abstract:

The goal of this paper is to offer an analysis of urban place names (“urbanonyms”) in Macao, China. This city has a centuries-long tradition of multi-cultural and linguistic integration, with Chinese and Portuguese representing the two oldest linguistic and cultural realities. Due to the considerable growth of Macao as a global commercial hub, English has also become an emergent lingua franca in this city’s territory and society. However, gazetteers, maps, and other documents reporting Macanese place names include names in Portuguese and Chinese: English names have a restricted use and status. Such a situation naturally leads to questions that pertain to the linguistic properties of these names, and to possible asymmetries in naming practices. The paper thus aims to present a detailed analysis of the Portuguese and Chinese urbanonyms and their linguistic (e.g., grammatical, lexical, and etymological) aspects, and of the emerging English toponyms. The analysis is based on data extraction and triangulation from multiple on-line and off-line gazetteers. Via this analysis, the paper also aims to account for how divergences and convergences reflect Macao’s complex toponomastic history and the role of toponomastics in multilingual contexts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Duppati, Sanjay Kumar, and A. Ramesh Babu. "Named Entity Recognition for English Language Using Deep Learning Based Bi Directional LSTM-RNN." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 5 (May 17, 2023): 330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i5.6621.

Full text

Abstract:

The NER has been important in different applications like data Retrieval and Extraction, Text Summarization, Machine Translation, Question Answering (Q-A), etc. While several investigations have been carried out for NER in English, a high-accuracy tool still must be designed per the Literature Survey. This paper suggests an English Named Entities Recognition methodology using NLP algorithms called Bi-Directional Long short-term memory-based recurrent neural network (LSTM-RNN). Most English Language NER systems use detailed features and handcrafted algorithms with gazetteers. The proposed model is language-independent and has no domain-specific features or handcrafted algorithms. Also, it depends on semantic knowledge from word vectors realized by an unsupervised learning algorithm on an unannotated corpus. It achieved state-of-the-art performance in English without the use of any morphological research or without using gazetteers of any sort. A little database group of 200 sentences includes 3080 words. The features selection and generations are presented to catch the Name Entity. The proposed work is desired to forecast the Name Entity of the focus words in a sentence with high accuracy with the benefit of practical knowledge acquisition techniques.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Graham, Mark, and Stefano De Sabbata. "Mapping information wealth and poverty: the geography of gazetteers." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 47, no. 6 (June 2015): 1254–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x15594899.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Hallam, Julia. "Mapping City Space: Independent Film-makers as Urban Gazetteers." Journal of British Cinema and Television 4, no. 2 (November 2007): 272–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2007.4.2.272.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Looney, Kristen E. "Village Gazetteers: A New Source in the China Field." China Journal 60 (July 2008): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/tcj.60.20647991.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Koepp, Donna P. "Foreign gazetteers of the U.S. board on geographic names." Government Publications Review 15, no. 2 (March 1988): 183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9390(88)90051-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Francia, Matteo, Enrico Gallinucci, Matteo Golfarelli, and Nicola Santolini. "DART: De-Anonymization of personal gazetteers through social trajectories." Journal of Information Security and Applications 55 (December 2020): 102634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jisa.2020.102634.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Lin, Nung-yao, Shih-pei Chen, Sean Wang, and Calvin Yeh. "Displaying Spatial Epistemologies on Web GIS: Using Visual Materials from the Chinese Local Gazetteers as an Example." International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 14, no. 1-2 (March 2020): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ijhac.2020.0246.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, we introduce a web GIS platform created expressly for exploring and researching a set of 63,467 historical maps and illustrations extracted from 4,000 titles of Chinese local gazetteers. We layer these images with a published, geo-referenced collection of Land Survey Maps of China (1903–1948), which includes the earliest large-scale maps of major cities and regions in China that are produced with modern cartographic techniques. By bringing together historical illustrations depicting spatial configurations of localities and the earliest modern cartographic maps, researchers of Chinese history can study the different spatial epistemologies represented in both collections. We report our workflow for creating this web GIS platform, starting from identifying and extracting visual materials from local gazetteers, tagging them with keywords and categories to facilitate content search, to georeferencing them based on their source locations. We also experimented with neural networks to train a tagger with positive results. Finally, we display them in the web GIS platform with two modes, Images in Map (IIM) and Maps in Map (MIM), and with content- and location-based filtering. These features together enable researchers easy and quick exploration and comparison of these two large sets of geospatial and visual materials of China.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Clark, Shmuel, Mark Altaweel, and Shai Gordin. "Urbanscape, Land Use Change and Centralization in the Region of Uruk, Southern Mesopotamia from the 2nd to 1st Millennium BCE." Land 11, no. 11 (November 2, 2022): 1955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11111955.

Full text

Abstract:

We produce results that bridge the gap between physical and textual study of the ancient Mesopotamian landscape in the region south and west of the city of Uruk (Biblical Erech, Modern Warka). A brief survey of gazetteers of Mesopotamia, volumes listing place-names drawn from translated and published cuneiform texts from the 2nd and 1st Millennium BCE, are presented. The various gazetteers were reviewed for relevant place-names, and the results were recorded and analyzed. These are described in detail below, as are their implications. The resulting data are then compared to the results of a recently completed archaeological survey of the same region. The synthesis of textual and archaeological surveys indicates a more exacting methodology to add geographic objectivity to textual results, while connecting physical results to the qualitative detail available within the Uruk textual record. More broadly, we demonstrate how long-term historical records align with archaeological data, delineating state-level and local land use efforts around a major Mesopotamian city. In the 2nd millennium BCE, settlements were generally small but more numerous, but in the 1st Millennium BCE there was a shift towards fewer and larger settlements connected to the city of Uruk. These shifts reflect deliberate central, government policy and local responses.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Zhang, Jiayan. "Discourse, Reality and Rural Society: The Case of Tenancy and Employment Relationships in the Early Twentieth-Century Jianghan Plain." Rural China 16, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 69–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22136746-01601004.

Full text

Abstract:

According to class struggle theory, rural China before 1949 featured two contrasting classes, the exploiting class and the exploited class. Some current research tends to—from the perspectives of market relations and moral economics—focus on the harmonious aspect of the rural society of that time. Based on different surveys and their associated discourses on tenancy and employment relationships in the Jianghan Plain in the late Qing, the Republic of China, and the 1950s, this article argues that different discourses emphasized different aspects of rural society. The surveys of the late Qing and some surveys of the Republic are closer to reality, while the CCP surveys of the 1950s and the gazetteers compiled in the 1950s, influenced by political propaganda and policy, are heavily loaded with ideological biases and exaggerate the landlord-tenant conflict. This kind of influence has gradually weakened since the 1980s, and the gazetteers compiled afterward are closer to reality. Those new studies that deny exploitation and evil landlords are overcorrecting. The Jianghan experience of tenancy and employment relationships demonstrates that in the early twentieth century, exploitation among classes, market competition, and moral economics all existed at the same time. Because the Jianghan Plain was prone to frequent water calamities, we also need to add the specific influence of the environmental factor to our understanding of tenancy and employment relationships in this region.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Brando, Carmen, and Francesca Frontini. "Semantic Historical Gazetteers and Related NLP and Corpus Linguistics Applications." Journal of Map & Geography Libraries 13, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15420353.2017.1307307.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Alani, Harith, Christopher B. Jones, and Douglas Tudhope. "Voronoi-based region approximation for geographical information retrieval with gazetteers." International Journal of Geographical Information Science 15, no. 4 (June 2001): 287–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13658810110038942.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Mostern, R., and I. Johnson. "From named place to naming event: creating gazetteers for history." International Journal of Geographical Information Science 22, no. 10 (October 2008): 1091–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13658810701851438.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Gao, Song, Linna Li, Wenwen Li, Krzysztof Janowicz, and Yue Zhang. "Constructing gazetteers from volunteered Big Geo-Data based on Hadoop." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 61 (January 2017): 172–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2014.02.004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Mostern, Ruth. "Historical Gazetteers: An Experiential Perspective, with Examples from Chinese History." Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 41, no. 1 (January 2008): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/hmts.41.1.39-64.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Niccolucci, Franco, and Sorin Hermon. "Representing gazetteers and period thesauri in four-dimensional space–time." International Journal on Digital Libraries 17, no. 1 (July 21, 2015): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00799-015-0159-x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Márton, Mátyás. "A névegységesítés eredményei a magyar tengerfenék-domborzati nevek körében." Névtani Értesítő 36 (December 30, 2014): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29178/nevtert.2014.14.

Full text

Abstract:

The author of the present paper, a cartographer, has studied all sorts of questions in relation to geographical names for the correct representation of seas. Determining and handling the Hungarian names for maritime features raise questions that are identical with those relating to land objects: spelling, standardization, determining “official” names, managing name changes, compiling gazetteers, etc. The author’s ongoing research in maritime geographical names is based on his experience with compiling the Gazetteer of Hungary II between 1976 and 1981 as well as his subsequent studies on managing geographical names (1979–1985). The present paper gives an overview of the author’s research results of the past thirty years. The results of the standardization of undersea feature names can easily be checked by analyzing the names appearing in cartographic products (in published maps, atlases, and on globes), in professional books on geography and in higher-level popular geographical publications. It is certain that various cartographic publications, mainly geographical world atlases displaying also the sea-covered areas, use the linguistic cartographic results produced at Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE) and formerly at the office of the national Cartographia Enterprise. However, the picture is less positive when we observe the use of standardized names by geographers. As for textual publications, the results of the research concerned can be demonstrated only in those entries of the Magyar Nagylexikon (1993–2004) in which physical geographical descriptions and related maps are both given. In these cases, the positive influence of the work of researchers, educators and former students at the Department of Cartography and Geoinformatics of ELTE University is evident.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Pitts, Michael. "The Stone Axe in Neolithic Britain." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 62 (1996): 311–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00002838.

Full text

Abstract:

A new framework for the consideration of Neolithic axes is proposed, consisting of six rock classes defined by rock composition and working properties. The use of rock from these classes varied systematically in Britain, and reflected local geology. Flint exploitation, whose significance in the production of axes has been grossly underestimated, is considered in especial detail (with a full survey of flint mines and quarries). A major study of axe morphology is reported on. The paper includes gazetteers of caches of stone axes (many previously unpublished) and of axes found in burials.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Gazetteers'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles