Academic literature on the topic 'GBAGBO'
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Journal articles on the topic "GBAGBO"
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Wheeler, Caleb H. "Shifting Priorities: Are Attitudes Changing at the International Criminal Court about Trials in absentia?" International Criminal Law Review 21, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 97–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-bja10036.
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Abstract A recent decision by the International Criminal Court’s Appeals Chamber in the Gbagbo and Blé Goudé case raised the possibility of a shift away from the long-standing practice of only holding trial in the presence of the accused. The final paragraphs of the 28 May 2020 decision asserts that any future trial proceedings in the Gbagbo et al. case could be held in the absence of the defendants should Mr Gbagbo and Mr Blé Goudé be released from custody and then later fail to appear for trial. This article examines the Appeals Chamber’s decision in light of the Court’s Statute, existing jurisprudence at the icc and within the larger context of international criminal law. It concludes that the Appeals Chamber’s decision fails to properly understand the right to be present at trial as it exists in the Rome Statute nor does it comply with any identified general principle of law.
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Touré, Moussa. "Côte d'Ivoire : Simone Gbagbo prend le pouvoir." Politique africaine 95, no. 3 (2004): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/polaf.095.0032.
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Djalovski, Inbal. "Prosecutor v. Laurent Koudou Gbagbo: Judgment on the Appeal Against the Decision of Pre-Trial Chamber I on Jurisdiction and Stay of the Proceedings (Int’l. Crim. CT.)." International Legal Materials 53, no. 3 (June 2014): 477–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/intelegamate.53.3.0477.
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On December 12, 2012, the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Court (Court) in the case of Prosecutor v. Laurent Koudou Gbagbo unanimously confirmed the Pre-Trial Chamber I decision to dismiss Mr. Gbagbo’s challenge to the jurisdiction of the Court. In the Judgment, the Appeals Chamber, for the first time, was called to interpret Article 12(3) of the Rome Statute (Statute), which allows a non-party State to accept the jurisdiction of the Court on an ad hoc basis without acceding to the Statute. The Judgment further includes two procedural issues. Firstly, the Appeals Chamber found that although the Pre-Trial Chamber erred by not rendering a separate decision on Côte d’Ivoire’s request for leave to submit its observations, this error did not materially affect the Pre-Trial Chamber’s decision. Secondly, the Appeals Chamber dismissed, in limine, Mr. Gbagbo’s request for a stay of proceedings based on allegations of violations of his fundamental rights, since it was not jurisdictional in nature and thus fell outside the scope of the appealable matter.
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Piccolino, Giulia. "Ultranationalism, democracy and the law: insights from Côte d'Ivoire." Journal of Modern African Studies 52, no. 1 (February 4, 2014): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x13000827.
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ABSTRACTAlthough much has been written about the ideology of Laurent Gbagbo's Front Populaire Ivoirien in Côte d'Ivoire and its impact on the Ivorian politico-military crisis, little attention has been paid to the ubiquitous role of the law in the discourse and political strategy of the pro-Gbagbo elite. The Ivorian case may provide important insights about the connection between ultranationalist ideology and a legalist, formalist conception of democracy and national sovereignty. The article analyses the circumstances of the emergence of ‘legalist nationalism’ in Côte d'Ivoire by looking at key episodes of the Ivorian transition between 2002 and 2012. The article discusses the relevance of Pierre Englebert's concept of ‘legal command’ and the turbulences of democratic transitions in accounting for the prominence of legalism in Ivorian politics. It explores the implications of the Ivorian case for understanding the connection between law and politics in Africa.
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Ipinyomi, Foluke. "Is Côte d'Ivoire a Test Case for R2P? Democratization as Fulfilment of the International Community's Responsibility to Prevent." Journal of African Law 56, no. 2 (August 15, 2012): 151–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855312000071.
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AbstractAfter the election deadlock in Côte d'Ivoire, the international community recognized Ouattara as the winner of the elections, while the incumbent president, Gbagbo, also claimed victory. When they were both sworn in, violence ensued. UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon stated that the international community had a responsibility to protect citizens. Thereafter, the UN, African Union and ECOWAS attempted to quell the violence through mediation and the threat of force. Gbagbo was eventually ousted by Ouattara's forces. This article examines the international community's responsibility to prevent and its actions in that regard. If democratization is a means to prevent mass atrocities, what was the nature of the international community's responsibility to Ivoirians to prevent conflict? What should be the international community's reaction to internal agitations for democracy? Some answers to these questions lie in the framework for the international community's responsibility to prevent the four crimes related to R2P.
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Kuczyńska, Hanna. "The Scope of Appeal on Complementarity Issues before the icc." Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 15, no. 2 (September 22, 2016): 326–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718034-12341325.
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On 27 May 2015, the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Court (icc) issued a judgment on the appeal of Côte d’Ivoire against the decision of Pre-Trial Chamber i of 11 December 2014 entitled “Decision on Côte d’Ivoire’s challenge to the admissibility of the case against Simone Gbagbo”. As a result of this decision, the path to prosecute Simone Gbagbo lies open. The Appeals Chamber confirmed the opinion expressed by the Pre-Trial Chamber that there were no obstacles in the form of national prosecutions which would exclude the icc’s jurisdiction pursuant to the principle of complementarity. This judgment is not only important from the point of view that the icc has found no basis to find the case inadmissible on the grounds of lack of complementarity, but even more so because of the procedural issues at stake. In this decision, solutions can be found that are crucial with regard to the scope and methods of appellate review before the icc.
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Kalama, John, and Famous Eseduwo. "THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP CRISIS AND POLITICAL INSTABILITY IN AFRICA: AN ANALYSIS OF THE GBAGBO-QUATTARA LEADERSHIP CRISIS IN COTE D’ IVOIRE." International Journal of Comparative Studies in International Relations and Development 6, no. 1 (December 21, 2020): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijcsird.v6.i1.04.
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This study strives to unravel the impact of leadership crisis and political instability in Africa with specific reference to the Gbagbo-Quattara leadership tussle in Cote d’Ivoire. The study relied on secondary sources of data and the post-behavioural theory as its theoretical framework. The study adopted the descriptive research method while data for the study were analysed using qualitative method and content analysis. It was observed that the Gbagbo-Quattara leadership crisis and several others in Africa are driven by personal interest and refusal to accept the result of the presidential election declared by Independent Electoral Commission of Cote d’Ivoire. Further findings from the study revealed that the pressure mounted by the African Union, Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the United Nations contributed immensely to the early resolution of the leadership crisis in Cote d’Ivoire. To avoid leadership crisis and political instability in Africa, regional and international election observes should be deployed to monitor all elections across the world. In addition, regional and international organizations and agencies should also sanction citizens and leaders whose actions and conduct constitute a threat to peace and security at all levels.
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Leloup, Christophe. "Lansana Conté et Laurent Gbagbo unis contre les Forces nouvelles ?" Outre-Terre 11, no. 2 (2005): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/oute.011.0329.
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Poissonnier, Ghislain. "L’acquittement de Laurent Gbagbo, un condensé des limites de la Cour pénale internationale ?" Revue internationale et stratégique N°116, no. 4 (2019): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ris.116.0095.
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Gnonzion, Celestin. "Le Traitement Médiatique du Transfèrement de Laurent Gbagbo à la Haye Par Trois Quotidiens Ivoiriens Entre 2011 et 2012." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 11 (April 30, 2017): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n11p18.
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This article aims to highlight the problems that are associated with a number of Ivoirian press. In the newsrooms, journalists basically handle information on the subject of politics with partiality. For instance, in the news coverage of the transfer of former President Laurent Gbagbo to The Hague, this paper shows how this fact was dealt with in three newspapers: 'Notre Voie', 'Le Nouveau Reveil', and 'Le Patriote'. Each of these newspapers treated the information according to the perception of leaders and politicians they want to satisfy. The article demonstrates that when the owner of the journal is influenced by politic power, it is difficult to have professionals in journalism who respect the journalist’s code of ethic and deontology.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "GBAGBO"
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Bovcon, Maja. "France's response to the Ivorian crisis under Gbagbo through the lens of IR regime theory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:359f6c6a-fda5-45d5-921f-c7d25a387fbb.
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There exists a certain consensus among scholars and French diplomats that the golden era of the exceptionally close and amicable relations between France and its former sub-Saharan colonies is over. Nevertheless, the conclusions that these researchers arrive at regarding the current state of France’s African policy are rather different. The aim of the thesis is to determine which of the three paradigms concerning France’s African policy – the incremental adaptation, normalisation or confusion – best describes the French response to the crisis in Côte d’Ivoire under the Gbagbo regime. The contribution of the thesis is the analysis of continuities and changes of this specific Franco-African relationship, also known as Françafrique, within the framework of international relations regime theory. The thesis argues that France’s diplomacy towards the Ivorian crisis and her role in the multilateral conflict resolution strategy, reveal her growing inability to defend the constitutive principle of the Françafrique regime: grandeur. Her pursuit of middle power status through maintaining hegemonic relations to her favourite former colony was considerably challenged by various domestic and systemic factors, among which the Ivorian power struggles and Gbagbo’s duplicitous politics played a considerable part. Moreover, the thesis also points to the persistence of some old rules and decision-making procedures of the Françafrique regime, especially the resilience of informal networks. These old practices collide with France’s growing desire to make her African policy more transparent, coherent and efficient. It is therefore concluded that the coexistence of these opposite tendencies in France’s response to the Ivorian crisis under Gbagbo, as well as the inconsistent resort to the Françafrique principle, rules and decision-making procedures are best explained by the confusion paradigm of France’s African policy.
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Kouadio, Bertin K. "From Stability to Insurgency: The Root and Proximate Causes of the September 2002 Civil War in Cote d'Ivoire." FIU Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/115.
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This dissertation was an analysis of the root and proximate causes of the September 2002 civil war in Côte d’Ivoire. The central question of this study was: Why did Côte d’Ivoire, which was relatively stable under President Houphouët-Boigny, suddenly begin to experience political violence in the 1990s and an explosion in 2002? Côte d’Ivoire was an interesting case because it was stable for a long period of time, apparently making it an infertile ground for conflict. It was also interesting for comparative purposes because of the fact that several states in West Africa (for instance, Benin, Togo, and Ghana) have experienced military coups but not have civil wars. Finally, this case was an opportunity to revisit the debate on the causes of civil wars in the African context. Chapter one has outlined the entire dissertation project and contextualized the analysis that follows in the subsequent chapters. Chapter two has reviewed the literature on civil wars in general, identified the different types of civil wars, and the type the Ivoiran war is. Chapter three has examined the domestic and international political economy as a source of the civil violence in Côte d’Ivoire. Chapter four has examined the role of ethnicity and region as identities of the war, while chapter five has analyzed the role of the foreign relations in the civil war, as well as the regional political context. Chapter six has distinguished between the root and proximate causes of the Ivoirian civil war, made judgments about the relative weight of the various causes, and the extent to which the weight of the causes can be measured. The study found that the “Ivoirité” was the most important trigger of the civil war in Côte d’Ivoire. The overall conclusion of my dissertation was that the September 2002 crisis in that country was a political crisis which occured in the context of a political reform. It first started with succession problems in 1993 followed by the controversial elections in 1995 and 2000. Later, this electoral politics spread beyond electoral issues, namely citizenship matters.
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Doumbia, Soumaïla. "Étude lexicométrique expérimentale et critique de l'expression de l'identité nationale dans le discours politique en Côte d'Ivoire. Analyse contrastive de ses variations et de sa circulation chez trois locuteurs politiques (Gbagbo, Bédié, Ouattara)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST0015.
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Cette thèse est une analyse expérimentale lexicométrique de l'expression de l'identité nationale dans les discours politiques. Nous désignons par discours identitaire tout discours d'altérité qui incite à l'ouverture vers une communauté ou à un repli sur un groupe de référence, présenté ou perçu comme une citadelle forte dans laquelle les sujets se sentent protégés. À l'intérieur de ces communautés formées ou souhaitées, l'expression de l'identité peut s'appuyer sur des éléments d'ordre confessionnels, tribaux, ethniques, claniques, ou raciaux ; elle peut prendre son fondement dans une histoire commune, un fantasme ou une légende. Elle est parfois le prétexte et l’occasion d’extériorisation de certaines peurs de l'autre, de certaines craintes ou tout simplement de haines qui se manifestent sous forme de discriminations, de dénie de droits, d'exclusion ou de xénophobie, mais elle peut aussi s'exprimer sous forme d'opposition à l'exclusion, en prônant l'intégration ou le vivre ensemble.Ces discours de type identitaires sont déterminés et structurés par leur cadre d'émergence. Celui-ci en dicte les contenus qui varient sous l'action de plusieurs facteurs qui eux-mêmes sont organisés sur plusieurs niveaux d'influences. L'observation empirique nous conduit à distinguer un premier niveau où agissent les marqueurs socioculturels et historiques, un second niveau où interviennent les facteurs conjoncturels, un niveau immédiat qui environne le discours en déploiement, puis un dernier niveau où intervient l'action des facteurs liés à la personnalité et à la stratégie discursive. Ces niveaux agissent comme facteurs structurant et déterminant le contenu et la variabilité des discours identitaires que nous mettons en évidence dans cette thèse.Il s'agit pour nous de faire partager l'observation selon laquelle les discours d'identité nationale sont des discours consubstantiellement variables, qui s'adaptent aux changements survenant dans leur cadre d'émergence. Pour vérifier cette observation empirique, nous formulons l'hypothèse selon laquelle les discours identitaires sont des discours à géométrie variables qui subissent l'influence de facteurs de variations qui déterminent leur structure et leurs contenus. Cette hypothèse a été testée sur un corpus discursif, qui à servit de prétexte pour vérifier l'action de quelques une de ces variables, sur le discours politique. Le support de cette expérimentation a été le discours de trois locuteurs politiques ivoiriens (Bédié, Gbagbo, Ouattara), chez lesquels nous avons montré que les variations que subissait leur référence à l'identité nationale étaient liées à l'action de trois variables conjoncturelles, à savoir le statut politique, les alliances et la guerre. Cette étude conduite par le moyen de la lexicométrie, a aboutit à la conclusion selon laquelle le discours identitaire sur l’Ivoirité en Côte d’ivoire est un discours polymorphe qui change sous l’influence de variables conjoncturelles tout en ayant parfois une dimension stratégique. Ce discours est un discours modulable qui utilise une formule, sorte de signifiant flottant où l’on range tout et n’importe quoi pourvu que celui-ci se rapporte à l’identité. L’usage d’un tel discours ne pouvait avoir que des dérives imprévisibles.Ce travail sur le discours de l'Ivoirité en Côte d'ivoire est un travail de déconstruction et de mise à nu d'une formule dont l'étude ouvre la voie à des perspectives intéressantes, qui concerne l'usage des outils lexicométriques comme instruments d'analyse des représentations mentales de concepts, et comme technique d'étude de l'évolution des univers conceptuels mentauxThis thesis is an experimental lexicometric analysis of the concept of national identity in political discourse. We mean by identity discourse, the discourses of otherness that encourages openness to a community or a withdrawal into a group, presented or perceived as a strong fortress in which subjects feel protected. Within these communities formed or desired, the expression of identity can be based on religious elements, tribal, ethnic, clanic, or racial orders. It can also be embeded in a common history, a fantasy or legend. Sometimes it is the reason and the opportunity to externalize certain fears of the alien, or simply hatred manifested in the form of discrimination, rights denial, exclusion and xenophobia, but it can also be expressed as opposed to exclusion, promoting the integration or living together. These types of discourse on identity are determined and structured by their framework of emergence. This framework dictates the contents which vary under the influence of several factors which in turn are organized on several levels of influences.Empirical evidence leads us to distinguish a first level where sociocultural and historical markers act, a second level where the contingency factors are involved, a third level which surrounds the immediate deployment of the speech, and a final level of operation where the personality and discursive strategy factors act. It is the combination of these levels that acts as factors structuring and determining the content and variability of identity discourses we highlighted in this thesis. It is for us to share the observation that the discourses of national identity constantly varies, adapting themselves to changes that occur in their context of emergence. To verify these empirical observations, we were led to formulate the hypothesis that the identity discourses are geometrically variables speeches, that are influenced by factors determining their structures and contents. This hypothesis was tested on an experimental corpus, which served as pretence to check the action of a few of these factors on political discourse. Support for this experiment was the speech of three Ivorian political players (Bedie, Gbagbo, Ouattara), in which we showed that the variations of their reference to national identity were related to the action of three situational variables, namely : the political status, alliances and war.The study conducted by means of lexicometry, has led to the conclusion that the identity discourse on "Ivorianness" called "Ivoirité" in Ivory Coast is a polymorphic speech, changing under the influence of situational variables, while sometimes having a strategic dimension. This speech is modular ; used as a formula, a kind of floating signifier in which ones put everything and anything as long as it relates to identity. The use of such speech could have unpredictable drift.Ultimately, we can easily say that this work on the discourse of Ivorianness in Ivory Coast is a task of deconstruction and denonciation of a formula which study opens up interesting perspectives, concerning in one hand the use of lexicometrics instruments, used to examine mental representations of concepts, and on the other hand as a technique for studying the evolution of mental conceptual universe
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Palé, Titi Eri Aramatou. "Paysage électoral et stratégies de communication des candidats à la présidentielle de 2010 en Côte d'Ivoire." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BOR30020.
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En 2010, les Ivoiriens organisaient une élection présidentielle au sortir d’une décennie de guerre civile. Depuis lors, ces élections défraient la chronique, en raison de leur issue critique : crise postélectorale meurtrière en 2011, réconciliation nationale poussive et, depuis 2016, mutineries dans les rangs d’une armée composite et de transition. La présente étude considère ces élections ivoiriennes de 2010 comme un objet d’étude scientifique et se consacre à la communication politique de campagne de trois « grands candidats » : Henri Konan Bédié du Parti Démocratique de Côte d’Ivoire (PDCI), Laurent Gbagbo de la Majorité Présidentielle (LMP) et Alassane Ouattara du Rassemblement Des Républicains (RDR). L’objectif scientifique est ici de déterminer les différents axes de communication partisane, qui éclairent le profil sociopolitique et le comportement de l’électeur ivoirien aux présidentielle de 2010. Plus spécifiquement, nos investigations sont consacrées, d’une part, à la détermination de l’électorat ivoirien dans sa composition sociale, politique et culturelle, mais aussi psychosociologique. Cet électorat est ici défini en termes d’intentions de vote, ou de motivation à voter pour tel ou tel candidat. D’autre part sont observés les moyens de communication utilisés par ces candidats majeurs qui deviennent des points structurants du champ politique ivoirien en s’endossant aux partis mandataires. Dans cette confrontation électorale pour capturer la majorité des voix interfèrent des représentations et des imaginaires politiques très marqués, qui consacrent ces candidats en challengers de la vie politique nationale et des sondages du moment. Ces enjeux affectent et différencient les stratégies de communication politique de campagne, que la thèse analyse en collectant les données et les ressources qui les influencent en sourdine et structurent autant les discours que les pratiques médiatiques des candidats étudiés. En clair, le contexte électoral de 2010 et ses déterminants sociohistoriques forgent les stratégies de communication et le comportement médiatique des candidats majeursAt the end of the year 2010, the Ivorians organized a presidential election after a decade of civil war. Since then, these elections are still in the news because of their critical outcome: murderous post-electoral crisis in 2011, complicated national reconciliation and, since the year 2016, mutinies in the ranks of a composite and transitional army. This study considers the Ivorian presidential elections of 2010 as a social sciences study subject and is devoted to the political campaign communication of three "great candidates" : Henri Konan Bédié of the Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire (PDCI), Laurent Gbagbo of the Presidential Majority (LMP) and Alassane Ouattara of the Rally of Republicans (RDR). The scientific purpose here is to determine the different axes of partisan communication, which illuminate the socio-political profile and behavior of the Ivorian voter in the 2010 presidential election. More specifically, our investigations are devoted, on the one hand, to the determination of the Ivorian electorate in its social, political and cultural composition, but also psycho-sociological dimension. This electorate is here defined in terms of voting intentions, or motivation to vote for a particular candidate. On the other hand are observed the means of communication used by these major candidates who become structuring points of the Ivorian political field by endorsing the mandatory parties. In this electoral confrontation to capture the majority of voices, the study shows how interfere a very strong political representations and imaginings, which consecrate these candidates into challengers of national political life and polls of the moment. These issues affect and differentiate campaign political communication strategies, which the thesis analyzes by collecting data and resources that influence them below and structure both the speeches and the media practices of the candidates studied. Clearly, the electoral context of 2010 and its sociohistorical determinants forge communication strategies and the media behavior of major candidates
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Vassallucci, Jean-Louis. "Gbafo Kù peuplement du site de Banfora, Burkina Faso /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37619026f.
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Vassallucci, Jean-Louis. "Gbafo Kù : peuplement du site de Banfora (Burkina Faso)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX11140.
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Ayuba, Yusuf Larry Sanda. "The impact of Knunu ('tradition') on Christian conversion : a case study of the Gbagyi of Nigeria." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.722144.
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Emmert, Wulf-Kristian. "Rachitis-ähnliche Symptome bei nigerianischen Kindern aus der Ethnie der Gbagyi in der südwestlichen Region Kadunas: Identifizierung des biochemischen Defekts, Sammeln von epidemiologischen Daten und Beschreibung des klinischen Bildes." Doctoral thesis, 2010. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-48354.
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Zielsetzung: In einer Population im Westen der nigerianischen Stadt Kaduna wurden seit 20-30 Jahren vermehrt Kinder mit einer deformierenden Knochenerkrankung registriert. Ziel der Studie war, eine Diagnose zu stellen und Risikofaktoren für die Erkrankung zu identifizieren. Studiendesign: 26 Familien aus 20 Dörfern wurden in die Studie einbezogen. In einer nicht-randomisierten Fall-Kontroll-Studie wurden 53 erkrankte Kinder mit 48 gesunden sowie 16 fraglich erkrankten Geschwistern anhand ihrer Ergebnisse aus Anamnese, klinischer Untersuchung und Laborchemie miteinander verglichen. Ebenfalls wurden Daten von 24 Vätern und 36 Müttern ausgewertet. Weitere Untersuchungen umfassten Ernährung, Anthropometrie, Umweltfaktoren und Genetik der teilnehmenden Familien. Ergebnisse: Die betroffenen Kinder wiesen deutliche Rachitissymptome auf, bei allen lag eine Kalzium-defiziente Rachitis vor. Zwischen den Laborergebnissen von Fall- und Kontrollgruppe bestanden signifikante Unterschiede, nicht jedoch zwischen der Gruppe der fraglichen Fälle und der Kontrollgruppe. In der Fallgruppe waren die Serumspiegel von Kalzium und 25-Vit. D signifikant niedriger, die Serumspiegel von 1,25-Vit. D, ALP und PTH signifikant höher als in der Kontrollgruppe. Bei den Eltern zeigten die Mütter insbesondere in der Stillzeit signifikant niedrigere Kalzium- und signifikant höhere 1,25- Vit. D- und PTH-Serumspiegel als die Väter. Als Ursache für den Kalziummangel der Studienteilnehmer konnte eine kalziumarme und phytatreiche Diät der Familien identifiziert werden. Hinweise auf einen gesunkenen Lebensstandard und eine Abnahme der Bodenqualität erklären die in den letzten Jahrzehnten stark gestiegene Prävalenz der Erkrankung. Bei weitgehend gleichen Ernährungs- und Umweltfaktoren innerhalb einer Familie konnten keine individuellen Faktoren identifiziert werden, die bei einzelnen Familienmitgliedern zum Ausbruch der Erkrankung führten. Trotz einzelner Hinweise auf eine mögliche genetische Prädisposition war kein einheitliches Vererbungsmuster in den Stammbäumen der Familien erkennbar. Schlussfolgerung: Neben dem Hauptfaktor einer kalziumarmen Ernährung müssen weitere Faktoren für eine Kalzium-defiziente Rachitis vorliegen. Mehrere Hinweise deuten auf eine multifaktorielle Genese der Erkrankung hin. Die noch offenstehenden Fragen sollten durch weitere Studien geklärt werden, um die richtigen Maßnahmen für Prävention und Therapie zu treffenOBJECTIVES: In the last 20-30 years, an increasing number of children with deformed bones have been registered in a region west of the city Kaduna in Nigeria. The aim of the study is to find a diagnosis and identify risk factors. METHODS: Twenty-six families from 20 villages participated in our non-randomised case-controlled study. Fifty-three affected children were compared with 48 healthy siblings. Additional to the latter group, 16 other individuals were also included, whose health status was questionable. Data from their anamnesis, clinical examination and laboratory determinations were collected. The laboratory results from 24 fathers and 36 mothers were also analysed. Further investigations included the nutrition, anthropology, genetics and environmental factors of participating families. RESULTS: Affected children showed clear clinical signs of rickets, the calcium-deficient form being common to all. While cases and controls showed significant differences in their laboratory results, questionable cases showed no difference compared to their healthy siblings. Compared to controls, cases had significantly lower serum levels of 25-OH-Vitamin D (p < 0,001), calcium (p < 0,001) and phosphate (p = 0,001), but significantly higher serum levels of 1,25-OH-Vitamin D (p = 0,007), alkaline phosphatase (p < 0,001) and parathyroid hormone (p < 0,001). Mothers had significantly lower serum levels of calcium (p = 0,016), but significantly higher levels of 1,25-OH-Vitamin D (p = 0,001) and parathyroid hormone (p = 0,001) than fathers. Breastfeeding mothers had significantly higher serum levels of 1,25-OH-Vitamin D (p < 0,001) and alkaline phosphatase (p = 0,005) compared to non-breastfeeding mothers. A nutrition with low intakes of calcium and high intakes of phytates explains the lack of available calcium for the participants. Evidence for a decreased living standard and a deteriorated soil quality explains the rise in the prevalence of the disease. With widely similar nutrition and environmental factors within a family, no risk factors leading to the disease in single family members could be identified. Despite some hints for a possible genetic predisposition, the family trees of participating families showed no consistent inheritance pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Besides a calcium-deprived nutrition as a main factorcontributing to calcium deficiency rickets, our study shows that other factors are also involved. Here, information suggest a multifactorial genesis of the disease. Further studies are needed to clarify the outstanding questions and to implement improved measures for prevention and therapy
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Emmert, Wulf-Kristian [Verfasser]. "Rachitis-ähnliche Symptome bei nigerianischen Kindern aus der Ethnie der Gbagyi in der südwestlichen Region Kadunas : Identifizierung des biochemischen Defekts, Sammeln von epidemiologischen Daten und Beschreibung des klinischen Bildes / vorgelegt von Wulf-Kristian Emmert." 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-48354.
Full textBooks on the topic "GBAGBO"
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Gnakalé, Viviane. Laurent Gbagbo: Pour l'avenir de la Côte d'Ivoire. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2006.
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Duhy, Ernest. Le pouvoir est un service: Le cas Laurent Gbagbo. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2006.
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Gbagbo-le-petit, ou, La couronne des crimes: Pamphlet. Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: Le Réveil, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "GBAGBO"
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Kovács, Péter. "The International Criminal Court as an International Judicial Control of the National Public Power? (the ICC’s Standpoint on the Complementarity Principle in the Prosecutor V. Simone Gbagbo Case)." In Rule of Law, Human Rights and Judicial Control of Power, 343–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55186-9_19.
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"Gbagbo, Laurent (Côte d’Ivoire)." In The Statesman’s Yearbook Companion, 137–38. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95839-9_272.
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"Legal Maxims: Summaries and Extracts from Selected Case Law." In The Global Community Yearbook of International Law and Jurisprudence 2018, edited by Giuliana Ziccardi Capaldo, 497–522. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190072506.003.0025.
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1. SITUATION IN CÔTE D’IVOIRE The Prosecutor v. Laurent Gbagbo And Charles Blé Goudé, Case No. ICC-02/11-01/15, Trial Chamber I, Judgment, 19 July 2017 2. SITUATION IN DARFUR The Prosecutor v. Omar Hassan Ahmad Al-Bashir, Case No. ICC-02/05-01/09, Pre-Trial Chamber II, Decision, 6 July 2017...
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Bonhomme, Marc. "14. Les discours de proximité de Laurent Gbagbo." In Discours d’Afrique, 219–33. Presses universitaires de Franche-Comté, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pufc.25057.
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Krcmaric, Daniel. "Justice Goes Global." In The Justice Dilemma, 1–19. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501750212.003.0001.
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This chapter recounts a long history of abusive rulers that found safe havens abroad once they were no longer welcome in their countries. It introduces Ugandan dictator Idi Amin, who had presided over the killing of several thousand people in 1979 and was then exiled in Saudi Arabia. It refers to Philippine dictator Ferdinand Marcos, who retired to Hawaii when the People Power Revolution toppled him following a fraudulent election. It also explains why recent leaders like Muammar al-Gaddafi, Laurent Gbagbo, and Bashar al-Assad desperately clung to power whereas past leaders such as Idi Amin, Ferdinand Marcos, and François Duvalier were willing to spend their days in exile. It discusses proponents of international justice that were frequently mocked as out-of-touch idealists.
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Alexander Knoops, Geert-Jan. "Introductory Note." In The Global Community Yearbook of International Law and Jurisprudence 2018, 485–96. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190072506.003.0024.
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In 2017 the International Criminal Court saw a number of significant developments in its handling of complex substantive issues. In the Ntaganda and the Gbagbo and Blé Goudé cases, the court delivered noteworthy decisions on procedural and substantive issues. In the Al Mahdi case, a Reparations Order was issued, confirming certain principles established in the Lubanga case. In the Bemba et al. contempt case, a sentencing decision was handed down by the Court, which addressed novel issues involving the interpretation of Article 76 of the Rome Statute. Moreover, an arrest warrant was issued against Mr. Al-Werfalli in the situation of Libya, which almost entirely relied upon social media evidence, demonstrating a rising trend in the use of digital evidence. Additionally, the Prosecution expanded its investigations, and requested to initiate investigations in Afghanistan and in Burundi. At the same time the ICC jurisdiction was expanded to include the crime of aggression.
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Zakari, Idris, Abubakar, and Umar, Alhaji Bako. "A Brief Overview of Gbagyi Beyekpe (Education) and Imperialism in Minna 1928 – 1960." In Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 3, 80–87. Book Publisher International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bpi/castr/v3/7966d.
Full textConference papers on the topic "GBAGBO"
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Scillitoe, Ashley D., Paul G. Tucker, and Paolo Adami. "Evaluation of RANS and ZDES Methods for the Prediction of Three-Dimensional Separation in Axial Flow Compressors." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-43975.
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Regions of three-dimensional separations are an inherent flow feature of the corner formed by the suction surface and endwall of axial compressors. RANS turbulence models, common in industrial CFD codes, often struggle in these regions. This paper investigates the use of two hybrid RANS/LES methods as alternatives to pure RANS methods. SA and SST based Zonal DES (ZDES) are applied to a linear blade cascade case, studied experimentally by Gbadebo [1]. The time-averaged results are compared to steady SA, SST and RSM RANS results. SA model corrections for streamline curvature, anisotropy and non-equilibrium effects are also examined. For the ZDES computations the solver is modified to reduce dissipation at low Mach numbers. Significant uncertainty is observed in the RANS results, with the origin of the suction surface corner separation occurring too far upstream, and the extent of the corner separation significantly over-predicted. The laminar separation bubble and the turbulent reattachment are also missed. Consequently the surface pressure distribution, exit flow angle and total pressure loss predictions are poor. Conversely, the ZDES results were encouraging; with much better predictions of the pressure distribution, exit flow angle and trailing edge boundary layer displacement thickness. Some RANS corrections proved effective, such as the SA model with Rotation/Curvature correction (SA-RC), however all had deficiencies in some areas. Although the ZDES results are encouraging it is noted that these computations were two orders of magnitude more computaionally expensive due to the high mesh densities and small time-steps required. For the ZDES results quality indexes are examined in order to determine whether the computational mesh used is sufficient in different flow regions. Mesh generation strategies based on using a pre-cursor RANS solution to obtain a modelled energy spectrum and various turbulent length scales to guide mesh refinement are considered. These can provide a quick estimate of the potential computational cost of LES or hybrid RANS/LES computations from a RANS solution.