Journal articles on the topic 'GBS Mutual Bank'

In 1971 the Soviet bloc's Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) created the International Investment Bank (IIB). The IIB was part of a broader effort to adopt market-based reforms in all the East-bloc economies. The bank was designed to promote competition for loans and rigorous vetting of projects, ostensibly resulting in greater CMEA integration and production that met world standards of quality. But this scenario ultimately did not pan out. Instead, the IIB became a mere conduit for Western finance, focusing not on high technology but on natural resource extraction, particularly the construction of the Soyuz natural gas pipeline. More fundamentally, the IIB could not function properly without market-determined prices and convertible currencies. Although economic authorities in the Soviet bloc fully recognized the constraints on the IIB, they were unwilling to abandon fundamental principles of the Soviet economic system.

Based on Nd:YAG laser, tunable diode laser, electro-optic amplitude modulator and the difference frequency generator, a servo scanning laser source is designed, and the principle of trace gas concentration measurement model is introduced as well, which can realize the gas concentration measurement in the band of mid-infrared and far-infrared. Based on the theory of electromagnetic field, mutual coupling equation about laser transmission in nonlinear crystal and the optical frequency conversion characteristics are analyzed theoretically. As a result, in the range of far-field, electric field intensity of coupled wave increases approximatively exponentially,then tends to be stable.

Many modelling and theoretical studies have shown that diffusion can be a significant transport mechanism in low-permeability porous media. Understanding the process allows engineers to better predict reservoir performance during both primary production and enhanced recovery in unconventional reservoirs. Direct measurement of effective diffusion in tight rocks is difficult, due to small pore volumes and the lack of techniques to actually monitor the process. Conventional diffusion measurements generally require fluid sampling, which induces a pressure transient which changes the mass transfer mechanism. Previously, we introduced a novel technique to measure tortuosity in nano-porous media by simultaneously monitoring methane versus nitrogen concentrations at high pressure using transmission Infrared Spectroscopy (IR). To complete the estimation of effective diffusion, bulk fluid diffusion coefficient also needs to be measured. In this study, we demonstrate the usage of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) 1-D imaging to examine the dynamic change of Hydrogen Index (HI) across the interface between two bulk fluids. The experiment was conducted between a crude oil sample and methane; fluid samples were pressurized within an NMR transparent ZrO2 pressure cell which operates at pressures up to 10,000 psi. The Hydrogen Index (HI) profile was continuously measured and recorded for 7 days. The results provided oil the swelling factor and the concentration profile as a function of both time and distance. These data then were fitted with Maxwell-Stefan equation to precisely back calculate the diffusion coefficient between oil and gas samples at high pressure. Accurate estimation of tortuosity and fluid diffusion is critical for the gas injection strategy in a shale formation. Greater tortuosity and smaller fluid diffusion rate lead to longer injection and production times for desirable economic recovery.

Abstract Paper presents a fluidic device developed for generation of small (less than 1 mm in diameter) microbubbles in a liquid from gas passing gas through small passages. Until now the bubbles are larger than the size of aerator passage exits so that making the passages smaller did not result in obtaining the desirable microbubbles. Analysis of high-speed camera images (obtained with a special lens of large working distance) have shown show that the large bubble size is caused by slow ascent motion of very small bubbles so that they get into mutual contact and grow by conjunction. The solution is to pulsate the supplied gas flow by a no-moving-part fluidic oscillator. The generated small bubble is moved back into the aerator passage where it is for a part of oscillation period protected from the conjunction with other, previously generated microbubbles.

Alat peraga termometer gas tipe volume konstan memiliki peran penting sebagai media pembelajaran yang dapat membantu para mahasiswa agar dapat memahami konsep suhu mutlak secara lebih mudah dan konkrit. Mengingat alat ini sulit dijumpai di pasaran maka sangat perlu dilakukan usaha untuk membuat dan mengembangkan alat tersebut. Tujuan penelitian pengembangan ini adalah untuk menghasilkan produk berupa alat peraga termometer gas tipe volume tetap yang lebih baik dari yang ada. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian pengembangan yang meliputi penelitian dan pengumpulan data, perencanaan, pengembangan draf produk, pengembangan bahan pembelajaran, proses pembelajaran, dan instrumen evaluasi, uji coba lapangan awal, uji coba lapangan, penyempurnaan produk hasil uji lapangan, penyempurnaan produk akhir dan implementasi.

Object recognition is achieved through neural mechanisms reliant on the activity of distributed neural assemblies that are thought to be coordinated by synchronous firing in the gamma-band range (>20 Hz). An outstanding question focuses on the extent to which the role of gamma oscillations in object recognition is dependent on attention. Attentional mechanisms determine the allocation of perceptual resources to objects in complex scenes biasing the outcome of their mutual competitive interactions. Would object-related enhancements in gamma activity also occur for unattended objects when perceptual resources are traded off to the processing of concurrent visual material? The present electroencephalogram study investigated event-related potentials and evoked (time- and phase-locked) and induced (non-time- and phase-locked to stimulus onset) gamma-band activity (GBA) using a visual discrimination task of low or high perceptual load at fixation. The task was performed while task-irrelevant familiar or unfamiliar objects coappeared in the surrounding central area. Attentional focus was kept at fixation by varying perceptual load between trials; in such conditions, only holistic object processing or low-level perceptual processing, requiring little or no attention, are thought to occur. Although evoked GBA remained unmodulated, induced GBA enhancements, specific to familiar object presentations, were observed, thus providing evidence for cortical visual representation of unattended objects. In addition, the effect was mostly driven by object-specific activity under low load, implying that, in cluttered or complex scenes, attentional selection likely plays a more significant role in object representation.

Analysis of emission allowances prices has important environmental and political connotations. This article aimed to identifying the possible variables that may influence their behaviour and studied their relationship with fundamental factors: energy (Brent petroleum, Gas, Coal) and economy (Industrial Production Index, Baltic Dry Index, Purchasing Managers Index). With the objective of analyzing possible mutual interactions, Multivariate VAR or Error Correction Models (VECM), were applied. The information analysed derived from different sources (World Bank, Sendeco2 and various financial websites). The results obtained showed, not only the influence of past prices on the emission allowances actual price, but also the interaction with energetic and economic variables. Highlights Estimation of time series interrelations through VAR models. There is relationship of the emission allowances price with their past values. The energy variables are factors important to also explain the behavior of the emission allowances price. The economic variables are hardly significant except for the Dry Baltic Index.

The advent of mega LNG projects in Australia has encouraged the Australian contracting industry to establish partnerships with local or international peers to bolster capability and take advantage of larger work scopes to handle the contracting risks. The types of partnerships generally fall into three broad categories: Unincorporated joint ventures formed between partner companies, specifically to win and deliver a project. Each partner retains its individual entity and the relationship is finalised once the project is delivered. Incorporated joint ventures that take a long-term view to the partnership. The incorporated entity focuses on winning and delivering work on multiple projects, without a specific end date. Client contractor integration is the aligned relationships between clients and contractors to achieve delivery of optimal outcomes, thereby achieving mutual benefits. Clough’s history in partnering dates back to 1957, when Harold Clough started the company’s first joint venture with Christiani and Nielsen of Denmark. During a 55-year period, the company has delivered more than 130 projects in joint-venture or client contractor-integration arrangements. This rich history of partnering is used to explore the pros and cons of different partnering arrangements through a series of partnership case studies. Despite the relationship differences, there is a number of critical factors for successful partnerships, with the ultimate goal of adding value to the owner’s project. These factors, including focal interface points, financial and project management systems, and HSE unity and support, are explored using a case study about the BAM Clough Joint Venture, Clough’s most successful long-term partnership, which has been in place since 1964.

Bagi seorang muslim, status halal suatu produk obat dan eksipien yang digunakan adalah hal mutlak harus dipenuhi. Produk obat halal tersebut harus bebas dari kandungan babi dan alkohol baik dari bahan dasarnya maupun proses pembuatannya. Pentingnya metode untuk mendeteksi kandungan babi dan alkohol untuk memastikan suatu produk obat bebas dari kandungan babi dan alkohol menjadi latar belakang review artikel ini. Metode review artikel ini adalah mengumpulkan literatur yang berkaitan dengan metode deteksi kandungan babi dan alkohol/etanol dan membuat ringkasan dari literatur-literatur tersebut. Hasil review menunjukkan bahwa metode deteksi yang dapat digunakan yaitu metode analisis PDK (Pork Detection Kit) untuk mendeteksi protein babi, metode PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) untuk mendeteksi DNA babi dan metode GC (Gas Chromatography) atau HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) untuk mendeteksi residu alkohol/etanol.Kata Kunci: Halal, Babi, Alkohol, Eksipien Farmasi, Produk Obat

AbstractThe Kepler satellite has discovered a number of transiting planets around close binary stars. These circumbinary systems have highly aligned planetary and binary orbits. In this paper, we explore how the mutual inclination between the planetary and binary orbits may reflect the physical conditions of the assembly of protoplanetary discs and the interaction between protostellar binaries and circumbinary discs. Given the turbulent nature of star-forming molecular clouds, it is possible that the infalling gas onto the outer region of a circumbinary disc rotates around a different axis compared to the central protostellar binary. Thus, the newly assembled circumbinary disc can be misaligned with respect to the binary. However, the gravitational torque from the binary produces warp and twist in the disc, and the back-reaction torque tends to align the disc and the binary orbital plane. We present a new, analytic calculation of this alignment torque, and show that the binary-disc inclination angle can be reduced appreciably after the binary accretes a few percent of its mass from the disc. Since mass accretion onto the proto-binary is very likely to occur, our calculation suggests that in the absence of other disturbances, circumbinary discs and planets around close (sub-AU) stellar binaries are highly aligned with the binary orbits, while discs and planets around wide binaries can be misaligned.

Due to increased food production, the demand for nitrogen and phosphorus as fertilizers grows. Nitrogen-based fertilizers are produced with the Haber–Bosch process through the industrial fixation of N2 into ammonia. Through wastewater treatment, the nitrogen is finally released back to the atmosphere as N2 gas. This nitrogen cycle is characterized by drawbacks. The energy requirement is high, and in the wastewater treatment, nitrogen is mainly converted to N2 gas and lost to the atmosphere. In this study, technologies for nitrogen recovery from wastewater were selected based on four criteria: sustainability (energy use and N2O emissions), the potential to recover nitrogen in an applicable form, the maturity of the technology, and the nitrogen concentration that can be handled by the technology. As in wastewater treatment, the focus is also on the recovery of other resources; the interactions of nitrogen recovery with biogas production, phosphorus recovery, and cellulose recovery were examined. The mutual interference of the several nitrogen recovery technologies was studied using adaptive policy making. The most promising mature technologies that can be incorporated into existing wastewater treatment plants include struvite precipitation, the treatment of digester reject water by air stripping, vacuum membrane filtration, hydrophobic membrane filtration, and treatment of air from thermal sludge drying, resulting respectively in 1.1%, 24%, 75%, 75%, and 2.1% nitrogen recovery for the specific case wastewater treatment plant Amsterdam-West. The effects on sustainability were limited. Higher nitrogen recovery (60%) could be realized by separate urine collection, but this requires a completely new infrastructure for wastewater collection and treatment. It was concluded that different technologies in parallel are required to reach sustainable solutions. Nitrogen recovery does not interfere with the recovery of the other resources. An adaptation pathways map is a good tool to take into account new developments, uncertainties, and different ambitions when choosing technologies for nitrogen recovery.

The influence of the nonlocal Hartree-Fock (HF) exchange in narrow-band materials with finite band gaps is analyzed. The mean-field Hamiltonian in the crystal orbital (CO) basis contains two k-dependent matrix elements responsible for the dispersion of the one-electron levels: the classical tight-binding integrals (kinetic energy of the electrons) that decay exponentially as well as the (non)local exchange. The asymptotic behavior of the two-electron potential is determined by the fall-off of the intercell bond-order matrices; their range exceeds significantly the spatial extension of the k-dependent one-electron integrals. The analytic structure of the HF dispersions of narrow-band systems (weak intercell interactions) is largely influenced by the magnitude of the Fermi-correlation beyond the direct neighbors. The associated ε(k) curves differ strongly from idealized tight-binding relations. The bands are broadened and show enhanced energy gradients in certain domains of k-space. Nonlinearities in the ε(k) relations are a direct consequence of finite neighbor's approximations adopted for the evaluation of the lattice sums. The analytic structures of such HF bands are intermediate between idealized tight-binding relations of covalent solids, on one side, and HF dispersions of metals in (nearly-)free electron-gas approximations, on the other, that show divergent ε(k) gradients at the Fermi level. The exchange influence in insulating narrow-band materials is restricted to the filled one-particle space; this is demonstrated by a perturbational analysis. The crucial importance of reliable numerical integration procedures for the determination of the intercell bond-order matrices is pointed out. Standard techniques may lead to artificial periodicities pretending unphysical decay properties of the electronic exchange. Dispersion patterns of a simple one-orbital model are analyzed as a function of the mutual strength of the kinetic hopping integrals and the HF exchange as well as the spatial extension of the k-dependent two-electron potential. The validity of the theoretical expectations deduced from simple model calculations is studied for two complex polymers. Important one-electron properties of one-dimensional (1 D) porphyrinato nickel(II) derivatives (2 and 3) are investigated by means of semiempirical SCF (self-consistent-field) HF INDO (intermediate neglect of differential overlap) CO calculations. The lattice spacings of 2 and 3 differ by 0.31 Å. This geometrical distinction allows for an inversion of the relative importance of the k-dependent one- and two-electron contributions to the mean-field operator. The exchange influence on the width of the HF dispersion in 3 exceeds the one-electron part by nearly one order of magnitude. It is shown that band structure properties of narrow-band systems are neither properly described by one-electron models of the Wolfsberg-Helmholtz-type nor by bare (unscreened) HF dispersions. The width of a mean-field band calculated within a nonlocal exchange approximation has to be corrected for quasi-particle (QP) interactions beyond the HF scheme (i.e., long-range and short-range correlations and relaxations) as well as for electron (optical) phonon interactions. The phononic coupling leads to a narrowing of the band width via Franck-Condon-like vibrational overlaps; this part is independent of the theoretical details of the electronic structure investigation. Important physical consequences of the exchange-control in narrow-band solids are shortly discussed.

Context. Planetary systems hold the imprint of the formation and of the evolution of planets especially at young ages, and in particular at the stage when the gas has dissipated leaving mostly secondary dust grains. The dynamical perturbation of planets in the dust distribution can be revealed with high-contrast imaging in a variety of structures. Aims. SPHERE, the high-contrast imaging device installed at the VLT, was designed to search for young giant planets in long period, but is also able to resolve fine details of planetary systems at the scale of astronomical units in the scattered-light regime. As a young and nearby star, NZ Lup was observed in the course of the SPHERE survey. A debris disk had been formerly identified with HST/NICMOS. Methods. We observed this system in the near-infrared with the camera in narrow and broad band filters and with the integral field spectrograph. High contrasts are achieved by the mean of pupil tracking combined with angular differential imaging algorithms. Results. The high angular resolution provided by SPHERE allows us to reveal a new feature in the disk which is interpreted as a superimposition of two belts of planetesimals located at stellocentric distances of ~85 and ~115 au, and with a mutual inclination of about 5°. Despite the very high inclination of the disk with respect to the line of sight, we conclude that the presence of a gap, that is, a void in the dust distribution between the belts, is likely. Conclusions. We discuss the implication of the existence of two belts and their relative inclination with respect to the presence of planets.

The term “Mina,” when encountered as an ethnic designation of enslaved Africans in the Americas in the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, has commonly been interpreted as referring to persons brought from the area of the “Gold Coast” (“Costa da Mina” in Portuguese usage), corresponding roughly to modern Ghana, who are further commonly presumed to have been mainly speakers of the Akan languages (Fante, Twi, etc.) dominant on that section of the coast and its immediate hinterland. In a recently published paper, however, Gwendolyn Hall has questioned this conventional interpretation, and suggested instead that most of those called “Mina” in the Americas were actually from the “Slave Coast” to the east (modern southeastern Ghana, Togo, and Bénin), and hence speakers of the languages nowadays generally termed “Gbe” (though formerly more commonly “Ewe”), including Ewe, Adja, and Fon. Given the numerical strength of the “Mina” presence in the Americas, as Hall rightly notes, this revision would substantially alter our understanding of ethnic formation in the Americas.In further discussion of these issues, this paper considers in greater detail than was possible in Hall's treatment: first, the application of the name “Mina” in European usage on the West African coast itself, and second, the range of meanings attached to it in the Americas. This separation of African and American data, it should be stressed, is adopted only for convenience of exposition, since it is very likely that ethnic terminology on the two sides of the Atlantic in fact evolved in a process of mutual interaction. In particular, the settlement of large numbers of returned exslaves from Brazil on the Slave Coast from the 1830s onwards very probably fed Brazilian usage back into west Africa, as I have argued earlier with respect to the use of the name “Nago” as a generic term for the Yoruba-speaking peoples.

<p>Salah satu persoalan yang mengemuka dalam sektor pertambangan adalah masalah perizinan. Dalam praktiknya, izin usaha pengelolaan pertambangan banyak mengalami dilema baik itu dari segi pertentangan peraturan perundang-undangan yang belum maksimal dilaksanakan, atau yang lebih parah lagi adalah pertentangan dari masyarakat yang menolak diterbitkannya suatu izin pertambangan. Kondisi inilah yang kemudian dapat menjadi kesimpulan jika terjadi maka pertambangan tidak lagi menjadi daya dukung kesejahteraan, akan tetapi menjadi faktor konflik yang terjadi baik konflik tersebut berbentuk horizontal maupun konflik secara fertikal.</p><p>Dalam penelitian, menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Spesifikasi penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah diskriptif analitis. Sumber data yang akan membantu dalam penelitian yaitu sumber data sekunder. Sedangkan Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah dengan analisis data secara kualitatif.</p><p>Undang-Undang Nomor 23 tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintah Daerah disebutkan dalam Pasal 14 ayat (3) bahwa Urusan Pemerintahan bidang energi dan sumber daya mineral sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) yang berkaitan dengan pengelolaan minyak dan gas bumi menjadi kewenangan Pemerintah Pusat. Sebelumnya izin pertambangan di berikan pada pemerintah daerah (kabupaten/kota). Pada saat izin pertambangan diberikan kewenangan oleh pemerintah daerah kota atau kabupaten menujukkan kondisi yang cukup banyak terjadinya konflik.</p>Desain regulasi terhadap pengelolaan pertambangan pada khususnya izin pertambangan harus mengedepankan semangat dari perundang-undangan yang dibuat. Semangat yang dibuat tentunya tidak terlepas dari esensi yang terkandung dalam muatan konsep pembangunan berkelanjutan dengan berpatokan pada aspek pembangunan yang dilakukan pada saat ini tidak boleh mengesampingkan pada upaya pembangunan pada masa yang akan datang dengan menititekankan keseimbangan ekonomi, ekologi dan social. Hal tersebut menjadi pertimbangan mutlak karena sudah semestinya hukum harus bersifat sebagai alat perubahan ke arah masyarakat yang bersifat dinamis. Hal tersebut dengan mempertimbangkan bahwa hukum dijalankan sesuai dengan kebutuhan atas adanya kepastian sesuai dengan keinginan dan harapan masyarakat.

Infrastruktur merupakan modal utama yang harus dimiliki negara. Pembangunan infrastruktur mutlak diperlukan terutama dalam upaya meningkatkan perekonomian suatu daerah. Dengan adanya infrastruktur dapat mempermudah aktifitas ekonomi masyarakat dan juga meningkatkan produktifitas serta output/pendapatan. Infrastruktur ekonomi merupakan aset fisik yang menyediakan jasa dan digunakan dalam produksi dan konsumsi final yang meliputi public utilities (telekomunikasi, air minum, sanitasi dan gas), public works (jalan, bendungan dan saluran irigasi dan drainase) serta sektor transportasi (jalan kereta api, angkutan pelabuhan dan lapangan terbang).Pembangunan infrastruktur memiliki karakteristik monopoli alamiah, dimana skala ekonomis yang diperlukan untuk menyediakan infrastruktur tersebut sedemikian besar sehingga diperlukan keterlibatan pemerintah dalam mengalokasikan sumber daya dalam pengelolaannya, baik secara langsung maupun dengan bekerjasama dengan pihak swasta. Keberadaan infrastruktur secara umum dapat memberikan pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap produktifitas dan pertumbuhan ekonomi.Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah ingin melihat signifikansi pengaruh pembangunan infrastruktur terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Provinsi Jambi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di 11 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jambi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif, dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dan dinas Pekerjaan Umum (PU) pemerintah Provinsi Jambi dan literatur–literatur yang diperlukan. Selanjutnya model analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis ekonometrik data panel, dengan variabel infrastruktur yang digunakan adalah infrastruktur dasar yaitu Pendidikan, jalan, listrik dan telepon.Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa infrastruktur jalan, listrik, dan telepon berpengaruh positif terhadap output yang dihasilkan, sementara pendidikan justru berpengaruh negative terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi.

Context. Hickson Compact Group (HCG) 16 is a prototypical compact group of galaxies in an intermediate stage of the previously proposed evolutionary sequence, where its galaxies are losing gas to the intra-group medium (IGrM). The group hosts galaxies that are H I-normal, H I-poor, and centrally active with both AGNs and starbursts, in addition to a likely new member and a H I tidal feature of ∼160 kpc in length. Despite being a well-studied group at all wavelengths, no previous study of HCG 16 has focused on its extraordinary H I component. Aims. The characteristics of HCG 16 make it an ideal case study for exploring which processes are likely to dominate the late stages of evolution in compact groups, and ultimately determine their end states. In order to build a coherent picture of the evolution of this group we make use of the multi-wavelength data available, but focus particularly on H I as a tracer of interactions and evolutionary phase. Methods. We reprocess archival VLA L-band observations of HCG 16 using the multi-scale CLEAN algorithm to accurately recover diffuse features. Tidal features and galaxies are separated in three dimensions using the SlicerAstro package. The H I deficiency of the separated galaxies is assessed against the benchmark of recent scaling relations of isolated galaxies. This work has been performed with particular attention to reproducibility and is accompanied by a complete workflow to reproduce all the final data products, figures, and results. Results. Despite the clear disruption of the H I component of HCG 16 we find that it is not globally H I deficient, even though HCG 16a and b have lost the majority of their H I and almost 50% of the group’s H I is in the IGrM. The H I content of HCG 16d shows highly disturbed kinematics, with only a marginal velocity gradient that is almost perpendicular to its optical major axis. The tail of ∼160 kpc in length extending towards the southeast appears to be part of an even larger structure which spatially and kinematically connects NGC 848 to the northwest corner of the group. Conclusions. This study indicates that in the recent past (∼1 Gyr) galaxies HCG 16a and b likely underwent major interactions that unbound gas without triggering significant star formation. This gas was then swept away by a close, high-speed encounter with NGC 848. The starburst events HCG 16c and d, likely initiated by their mutual interaction, triggered galactic winds which, in the case of HCG 16d, appear to have disrupted its H I reservoir. The tidal features still connected to all these galaxies indicate that more H I will soon be lost to the IGrM, while that which remains in the discs will likely be consumed by star-formation episodes triggered by their ongoing interaction. This is expected to result in a collection of gas-poor galaxies embedded in a diffuse H I structure, which will gradually (over several Gyr) be evaporated by the UV background, resembling the final stage of the evolutionary model of compact groups.

For all real-time industrial processes in a company, the entire system must be well-controlled to ensure an effective, efficient and reliable operations. Therefore, several electronic instruments are needed to measure physical quantities, such as temperature, pressure and others. As in one of the largest liquefaction natural gas processing company in Indonesia which involves highly extensive production processes, the existence of electronic instruments is unquestionably essential to ensure the progression of the production process while avoiding risks.To increase the speed, accuracy and quality of data over the electrical instrument in the company, it is necessary to build an electronic instrument data processing application system, called the Electronic Instrument Database System (ELIDA), so that it can provide convenience for the users in managing and monitoring the data of electronic instrument. The built ELIDA system will be integrated with several existing Oracle-based systems, including EBS-SCM for supply chain management, EBS-EAM for Enterprise Asset Management, and Oracle HRMS for human resource management so that the data consistency and the operational smoothness of the company can be ensured.Keywords : electronic instrument, database, application AbstrakUntuk semua proses yang berjalan real-time di perusahaan, keseluruhan sistem harus dikendalikan secara baik untuk menjamin operasional yang efektif, efisien, dan handal. Karenanya, beberapa perangkat instrumen elektronik diperlukan untuk mengukur kuantitas fisikal seperti temperatur, tekanan, dan lainnya. Tak terkecuali di salah satu perusahaan pengolahan gas alam cair terbesar di Indonesia dimana melibatkan proses produksi yang sangat panjang, keberadaan perangkat instrumen elektronik mutlak diperlukan untuk menjamin jalannya proses produksi sekaligus menghindarkan terjadinya resiko.Dalam upaya peningkatan kecepatan, keakurasian, dan kualitas data-data instrumen di perusahaan tersebut, perlu dibangun sistem aplikasi pengolahan data instrument elektronik, atau disebut Electronic Instrument Database System (ELIDA), sehingga dapat memberikan kemudahan bagi pengguna data-data instrumen elektronik untuk melakukan pengelolaan dan pemantauan. Sistem ELIDA yang dibangun akan menggunakan framework Spring Hibernate dan terintegrasi dengan beberapa sistem berbasis Oracle yang sudah berjalan sebelumnya, diantaranya EBS-SCM untuk manajemen rantai pasok, EBS-EAM untuk manajamen aset perlengkapan, dan Oracle HRMS untuk manajemen sumber daya manusia sehingga konsistensi data dan kelancaran operasional perusahaan dapat terjamin.Kata Kunci: instrumen elektronik, basis data, aplikasi

Context. Disk winds play a fundamental role in the evolution of protoplanetary systems. The complex structure and dynamics can be investigated through the emission of atomic and molecular lines detected in high-resolution optical/IR spectra of young stellar objects. Despite their great importance, however, studies connecting the atomic and molecular components are lacking so far. Aims. In the framework of the GIARPS High-resolution Observations of T Tauri stars (GHOsT) project, we aim to characterize the atomic and molecular winds in a sample of classical T Tauri stars (CTTs) of the Taurus-Auriga region, focusing on a statistical analysis of the kinematic properties of the [O I] 630 nm and H2 2.12 μm lines and their mutual relationship. Methods. We analyzed the flux calibrated [O I] 630 nm and H2 2.12 μm lines in a sample of 36 CTTs observed at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo with the HARPS-N spectrograph (resolving power of R = 115 000) and with the GIANO spectrograph (R = 50 000). We decomposed the line profiles into different kinematic Gaussian components and focused on the most frequently detected component, the narrow low-velocity (vp < 20 km s−1) component (NLVC). Results. We found that the H2 line is detected in 17 sources (~50% detection rate), and [O I] is detected in all sources but one. The NLV components of the H2 and [O I] emission are kinematically linked, with a strong correlation between the peak velocities and the full widths at half maximum of the two lines. Assuming that the line width is dominated by Keplerian broadening, we found that the [O I] NVLC originates from a disk region between 0.05 and 20 au and that of H2 in a region from 2 and 20 au. We also found that H2 is never detected in sources where [O I] originates in regions below 1 au, as well as in sources of early (~F-G) spectral type with a luminosity >1 L⊙. Moreover, in seven sources, both H2 and [O I] have clear blueshifted peaks and prominent [O I] high-velocity components. These components have also been detected in sources with no relevant centroid shift. Finally, we did not find any clear correlation between vp of the H2 and [O I] NVLC and the outer disk inclination. This result is in line with previous studies. Conclusions. Our results suggest that molecular and neutral atomic emission in disk winds originate from regions that might overlap, and that the survival of molecular winds in disks strongly depends on the gas exposure to the radiation from the central star. The presence of jets does not necessarily affect the kinematics of the low-velocity winds. Our results demonstrate the potential of wide-band high-resolution spectroscopy in linking tracers of different manifestations of the same phenomenon.

<p class="1Body">Astronomers and physicists denounce difficulties in carrying out Cosmological Research in the middle of pseudoscientific strategies. At present, Cosmological modelling follows either some revised Expanding model (i.e. Accelerating universe) or the Static-Evolving model based on the large and old universe observed in the last decades, which convinced astronomers to abandon the Big bang and the Recession of galaxies (Doppler <em>interpretation</em> of Hubble’s redshift). Research on gravitation is made more difficult due to the presence of some misconceptions that hindered the elaboration of the Quantum theory of gravitation. Some years ago we suggested leaving the strategy of quantising Newton’s <em>pulling</em> gravitation, since the very nature of quanta is to generate a Quantum <em>Pushing</em> forces between particles, due to the mutual shielding effect between two particles immersed in a uniform flux of quanta. Equating the Quantum Pushing force to the <em>measured</em> gravitational force, gives us the flux f_o and others constants of micro-quanta (see Table 1). This quantum concept in Gravitational theory allows to by pass all mathematical and physical problems that hindered the old - and not very clear - project of harmonizing Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity. Some papers published in the last decade, particularly on Applied Physics Research, showed that the flux of micro-quanta filling the universe is able to solve the following problems: <strong>1</strong>) generation of the Quantum gravitational force (see par.6) and the Inertial forces (see par.5), <strong>2</strong>) the homogeneous cosmological redshift (par.6.2) coming from the collisions of micro-quanta with photons, <strong>3</strong>) the cosmic collapse - threatening the old Einstein’s static universe - is prevented by the exponential attenuation theoretically required (see par.6.1) in the extended Quantum Pushing gravity, <strong>4</strong>) all photons emitted from luminous stars are exponentially redshifted by collisions with micro-quanta and constitute the CMB, i.e. the millimetre waves uniformly coming from cosmos, measured in 1964.</p><p class="1Body">These four results brought revolution in the preceding physics, as described in the Introduction. Whether the hypothesised Big bang happened or not, the enormous stellar radiation emitted in the universe <em>must be taken into account</em> in generating the CMB. Strangely, supporters of the Initial Explosion avoided to assess this contribution, which is anyway required because for at least 13 Giga-years all stars of receding galaxies continued their emissions. A calculation (Michelini, 2013) revealed that assuming everywhere (par. 6.3) the cosmological redshift z = <em>exp</em>(<em>x/L_o</em>) -1 (where <em>x</em> is the distance of the luminous source and <em>L_o</em> is the mean free path<em> </em>in space of micro-quanta) the energy of all redshifted photons results about <em>equal</em> to the measured CMB.</p><p class="1Body">Part 2 shows that the same analytical form of redshift, due to the same dependence on Compton’s effect, was obtained (Brynjolfsson, 2005) from the theory of plasma redshift at Large Universe. But this formulation remained useless due to the difficulty of verifying the electron plasma density at far intergalactic spaces. It was noticed that the new Cosmological redshift gives, at small distances <em>x</em> &lt;&lt; <em>L_o</em> , the same result z <em>x</em>/<em>L_o</em> of the Hubble’s redshift valid in Near Universe, demonstrating that the characteristic length <em>L_o</em> does not vary across the universe. Thanks to the measurements of Planck’s satellite, <em>L_o</em> resulted equal to about 1.3x10²⁶. This gave credibility to Static-evolving Cosmology, where the mean free path<em> L_o</em> of micro-quanta rules <em>not only</em> the cosmological redshift, but <em>also</em> the extended Quantum Pushing Gravity and the CMB cosmic background, showing the unitary structure of space.</p><p class="1Body">Part 3 shows the advancement that micro-quanta Paradigm introduced in physics by correctly obtaining the relativistic equations of motion (in S. R this was done on pure kinematical bases) from the <em>dynamical </em>balance of momentum released to particles through collisions with the flux of micro-quanta. This advancement makes free S.R. from the deadly paradoxes that came out along its development. A great advancement was also the establishment of the pulsating Quantum Pushing Gravity in substitution of the Newtonian Gravity.</p><p class="1Body">Part 4 shows that the classical theory of the globule “<em>collapse</em>” proposed by Jeans in the first ‘900 does not constitute a model of Star Formation. Applying that theory to the Bok’s globules - discovered in 1945 - gives no definite results since the classical energy balance of the contracting globules inadequate to obtain the contraction velocity. The Jeans’ hypothesis of the <em>free fall</em> contraction appears ridiculous. observational evidence that Bok’s globules are <em>incubators</em> of stars needs an adequate theoretical model of Star Forming which allows to calculate the Incubation time. The gravitational accretion of galactic gas upon an extinct star, was developed to explain the formation of obscure Supermasses in AGN’s. The calculated incubation times resulted well higher than the Big bang age of universe. Accretion can be also adopted for small inert masses (fragments of Supernovae, cosmic powder, planetary nebulae, etc) giving rise to Star Forming models (par. 9 bis).</p><p class="1Body">In Part 5 is pointed out that any kind of quanta colliding with particles release some energy that is ruled by Compton’s equation. Calculating the energy that micro-quanta of <em>pulsating</em> Quantum Pushing Gravity due to the Hydrogen nucleus, release at regular intervals on the electron, it is found an average power <em>p_e</em> 2x10^-54 watt. This is not a Hypothesis, but a result standing on well founded Principles of Physics.</p>

Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah tinjauan terhadap perencanaan pencahayaan buatan yang digunakan pada interior Selasar Sunaryo Art and Space, Bandung. Cahaya merupakan bagian mutlak dalam kehidupan manusia. Hal ini terkait dengan kenyataan bahwa otak manusia, menerima 80% informasi yang ada melalui mata. Secara umum, cahaya dapat dibedakan menurut sumbernya menjadi 2, yaitu cahaya alami dan cahaya buatan. Cahaya alami adalah cahaya yang bersumber dari alam (matahari, bulan, bintang dan pijaran api alam). Sedangkan cahaya buatan adalah cahaya yang dibuat oleh manusia (lampu minyak,lampu gas, lilin, lampu listrik). Perkembangan kebutuhan manusia di segala aspek kehidupannya, menuntut ketersediaan fasilitas yang mampu mengakomodir hal tersebut. Dalam kehidupannya, manusia beraktivitas di luar dan di dalam ruangan. Baik di luar maupun di dalam ruangan, manusia membutuhkan kenyamanan selama melakukan aktivitasnya. Faktor kenyamanan manusia, khususnya kenyamanan visual ketika beraktivitas di dalam ruangan, berkonsekuensi logis terhadap perkembangan perencanaan pencahayaan. Kualitas cahaya dari sumber-sumber cahaya yang dihasilkan akan menentukan hasil akhir perencanaan pencahayaan. Idealnya, dalam mendukung aktivitas manusia di dalam ruangan, sumber cahaya alami dan buatan dimanfaatkan secara maksimal dalam suatu perencanaan pencahayaan. Pada prakteknya, aktivitas manusia di dalam ruangan lebih banyak mengandalkan pemanfaatan sumber cahaya buatan. Hal ini terjadi karena sumber cahaya buatan relatif dapat dikendalikan sesuai dengan waktu dan jumlah yang diinginkan. Dewasa ini, penggunaan lampu listrik menjadi pilihan utama dalam perencanaan pencahayaan di dalam ruangan. Lampu listrik menawarkan kemudahan, keamanan, kebersihan dan konsumsi energi yang rendah. Sehingga kenyamanan manusia dalam beraktivitas di dalam ruangan dapat berjalan dengan optimal tanpa terkendala oleh waktu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Kesimpulan yang didapat dari penelitian ini merupakan paparan berdasarkan data lapangan dari masing-masing unsur dalam perencanaan pencahayaan buatan yang digunakan dalam interior Selasar Sunaryo Art and Space Bandung.

Perhaps nothing in media culture today makes clearer the connection between people’s bodies and their homes than the Emmy-winning reality TV program Extreme Makeover: Home Edition. Home Edition is a spin-off from the original Extreme Makeover, and that fact provides in fundamental form the strong connection that the show demonstrates between bodies and houses. The first EM, initially popular for its focus on cosmetic surgery, laser skin and hair treatments, dental work, cosmetics and wardrobe for mainly middle-aged and self-described unattractive participants, lagged after two full seasons and was finally cancelled entirely, whereas EMHE has continued to accrue viewers and sponsors, as well as accolades (Paulsen, Poniewozik, EMHE Website, Wilhelm). That viewers and the ABC network shifted their attention to the reconstruction of houses over the original version’s direct intervention in problematic bodies indicates that sites of personal transformation are not necessarily within our own physical or emotional beings, but in the larger surround of our environments and in our cultural ideals of home and body. One effect of this shift in the Extreme Makeover format is that a seemingly wider range of narrative problems can be solved relating to houses than to the particular bodies featured on the original show. Although Extreme Makeover featured a few people who’d had previously botched cleft palate surgeries or mastectomies, as Cressida Heyes points out, “the only kind of disability that interests the show is one that can be corrected to conform to able-bodied norms” (22). Most of the recipients were simply middle-aged folks who were ordinary or aged in appearance; many of them seemed self-obsessed and vain, and their children often seemed disturbed by the transformation (Heyes 24). However, children are happy to have a brand new TV and a toy-filled room decorated like their latest fantasy, and they thereby can be drawn into the process of identity transformation in the Home Edition version; in fact, children are required of virtually all recipients of the show’s largess. Because EMHE can do “major surgery” or simply bulldoze an old structure and start with a new building, it is also able to incorporate more variety in its stories—floods, fires, hurricanes, propane explosions, war, crime, immigration, car accidents, unscrupulous contractors, insurance problems, terrorist attacks—the list of traumas is seemingly endless. Home Edition can solve any problem, small or large. Houses are much easier things to repair or reconstruct than bodies. Perhaps partly for this reason, EMHE uses disability as one of its major tropes. Until Season 4, Episode 22, 46.9 percent of the episodes have had some content related to disability or illness of a disabling sort, and this number rises to 76.4 percent if the count includes families that have been traumatised by the (usually recent) death of a family member in childhood or the prime of life by illness, accident or violence. Considering that the percentage of people living with disabilities in the U.S. is defined at 18.1 percent (Steinmetz), EMHE obviously favours them considerably in the selection process. Even the disproportionate numbers of people with disabilities living in poverty and who therefore might be more likely to need help—20.9 percent as opposed to 7.7 percent of the able-bodied population (Steinmetz)—does not fully explain their dominance on the program. In fact, the program seeks out people with new and different physical disabilities and illnesses, sending out emails to local news stations looking for “Extraordinary Mom / Dad recently diagnosed with ALS,” “Family who has a child with PROGERIA (aka ‘little old man’s disease’)” and other particular situations (Simonian). A total of sixty-five ill or disabled people have been featured on the show over the past four years, and, even if one considers its methods maudlin or exploitive, the presence of that much disability and illness is very unusual for reality TV and for TV in general. What the show purports to do is to radically transform multiple aspects of individuals’ lives—and especially lives marred by what are perceived as physical setbacks—via the provision of a luxurious new house, albeit sometimes with the addition of automobiles, mortgage payments or college scholarships. In some ways the assumptions underpinning EMHE fit with a social constructionist body theory that posits an almost infinitely flexible physical matter, of which the definitions and capabilities are largely determined by social concepts and institutions. The social model within the disability studies field has used this theoretical perspective to emphasise the distinction between an impairment, “the physical fact of lacking an arm or a leg,” and disability, “the social process that turns an impairment into a negative by creating barriers to access” (Davis, Bending 12). Accessible housing has certainly been one emphasis of disability rights activists, and many of them have focused on how “design conceptions, in relation to floor plans and allocation of functions to specific spaces, do not conceive of impairment, disease and illness as part of domestic habitation or being” (Imrie 91). In this regard, EMHE appears as a paragon. In one of its most challenging and dramatic Season 1 episodes, the “Design Team” worked on the home of the Ziteks, whose twenty-two-year-old son had been restricted to a sub-floor of the three-level structure since a car accident had paralyzed him. The show refitted the house with an elevator, roll-in bathroom and shower, and wheelchair-accessible doors. Robert Zitek was also provided with sophisticated computer equipment that would help him produce music, a life-long interest that had been halted by his upper-vertebra paralysis. Such examples abound in the new EMHE houses, which have been constructed for families featuring situations such as both blind and deaf members, a child prone to bone breaks due to osteogenesis imperfecta, legs lost in Iraq warfare, allergies that make mold life-threatening, sun sensitivity due to melanoma or polymorphic light eruption or migraines, fragile immune systems (often due to organ transplants or chemotherapy), cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Krabbe disease and autism. EMHE tries to set these lives right via the latest in technology and treatment—computer communication software and hardware, lock systems, wheelchair-friendly design, ventilation and air purification set-ups, the latest in care and mental health approaches for various disabilities and occasional consultations with disabled celebrities like Marlee Matlin. Even when individuals or familes are “[d]iscriminated against on a daily basis by ignorance and physical challenges,” as the program website notes, they “deserve to have a home that doesn’t discriminate against them” (EMHE website, Season 3, Episode 4). The relief that they will be able to inhabit accessible and pleasant environments is evident on the faces of many of these recipients. That physical ease, that ability to move and perform the intimate acts of domestic life, seems according to the show’s narrative to be the most basic element of home. Nonetheless, as Robert Imrie has pointed out, superficial accessibility may still veil “a static, singular conception of the body” (201) that prevents broader change in attitudes about people with disabilities, their activities and their spaces. Starting with the story of the child singing in an attempt at self-comforting from Deleuze and Guattari’s A Thousand Plateaus, J. MacGregor Wise defines home as a process of territorialisation through specific behaviours. “The markers of home … are not simply inanimate objects (a place with stuff),” he notes, “but the presence, habits, and effects of spouses, children, parents, and companions” (299). While Ty Pennington, EMHE’s boisterous host, implies changes for these families along the lines of access to higher education, creative possibilities provided by musical instruments and disability-appropriate art materials, help with home businesses in the way of equipment and licenses and so on, the families’ identity-producing habits are just as likely to be significantly changed by the structural and decorative arrangements made for them by the Design Team. The homes that are created for these families are highly conventional in their structure, layout, decoration, and expectations of use. More specifically, certain behavioural patterns are encouraged and others discouraged by the Design Team’s assumptions. Several themes run through the show’s episodes: Large dining rooms provide for the most common of Pennington’s comments: “You can finally sit down and eat meals together as a family.” A nostalgic value in an era where most families have schedules full of conflicts that prevent such Ozzie-and-Harriet scenarios, it nonetheless predominates. Large kitchens allow for cooking and eating at home, though featured food is usually frozen and instant. In addition, kitchens are not designed for the families’ disabled members; for wheelchair users, for instance, counters need to be lower than usual with open space underneath, so that a wheelchair can roll underneath the counter. Thus, all the wheelchair inhabitants depicted will still be dependent on family members, primarily mothers, to prepare food and clean up after them. (See Imrie, 95-96, for examples of adapted kitchens.) Pets, perhaps because they are inherently “dirty,” are downplayed or absent, even when the family has them when EMHE arrives (except one family that is featured for their animal rescue efforts); interestingly, there are no service dogs, which might obviate the need for some of the high-tech solutions for the disabled offered by the show. The previous example is one element of an emphasis on clutter-free cleanliness and tastefulness combined with a rampant consumerism. While “cultural” elements may be salvaged from exotic immigrant families, most of the houses are very similar and assume a certain kind of commodified style based on new furniture (not humble family hand-me-downs), appliances, toys and expensive, prefab yard gear. Sears is a sponsor of the program, and shopping trips for furniture and appliances form a regular part of the program. Most or all of the houses have large garages, and the families are often given large vehicles by Ford, maintaining a positive take on a reliance on private transportation and gas-guzzling vehicles, but rarely handicap-adapted vans. Living spaces are open, with high ceilings and arches rather than doorways, so that family members will have visual and aural contact. Bedrooms are by contrast presented as private domains of retreat, especially for parents who have demanding (often ill or disabled) children, from which they are considered to need an occasional break. All living and bedrooms are dominated by TVs and other electronica, sometimes presented as an aid to the disabled, but also dominating to the point of excluding other ways of being and interacting. As already mentioned, childless couples and elderly people without children are completely absent. Friends buying houses together and gay couples are also not represented. The ideal of the heterosexual nuclear family is thus perpetuated, even though some of the show’s craftspeople are gay. Likewise, even though “independence” is mentioned frequently in the context of families with disabled members, there are no recipients who are disabled adults living on their own without family caretakers. “Independence” is spoken of mostly in terms of bathing, dressing, using the bathroom and other bodily aspects of life, not in terms of work, friendship, community or self-concept. Perhaps most salient, the EMHE houses are usually created as though nothing about the family will ever again change. While a few of the projects have featured terminally ill parents seeking to leave their children secure after their death, for the most part the families are considered oddly in stasis. Single mothers will stay single mothers, even children with conditions with severe prognoses will continue to live, the five-year-old will sleep forever in a fire-truck bed or dollhouse room, the occasional grandparent installed in his or her own suite will never pass away, and teenagers and young adults (especially the disabled) will never grow up, marry, discover their homosexuality, have a falling out with their parents or leave home. A kind of timeless nostalgia, hearkening back to Gaston Bachelard’s The Poetics of Space, pervades the show. Like the body-modifying Extreme Makeover, the Home Edition version is haunted by the issue of normalisation. The word ‘normal’, in fact, floats through the program’s dialogue frequently, and it is made clear that the goal of the show is to restore, as much as possible, a somewhat glamourised, but status quo existence. The website, in describing the work of one deserving couple notes that “Camp Barnabas is a non-profit organisation that caters to the needs of critically and chronically ill children and gives them the opportunity to be ‘normal’ for one week” (EMHE website, Season 3, Episode 7). Someone at the network is sophisticated enough to put ‘normal’ in quotation marks, and the show demonstrates a relatively inclusive concept of ‘normal’, but the word dominates the show itself, and the concept remains largely unquestioned (See Canguilhem; Davis, Enforcing Normalcy; and Snyder and Mitchell, Narrative, for critiques of the process of normalization in regard to disability). In EMHE there is no sense that disability or illness ever produces anything positive, even though the show also notes repeatedly the inspirational attitudes that people have developed through their disability and illness experiences. Similarly, there is no sense that a little messiness can be creatively productive or even necessary. Wise makes a distinction between “home and the home, home and house, home and domus,” the latter of each pair being normative concepts, whereas the former “is a space of comfort (a never-ending process)” antithetical to oppressive norms, such as the association of the home with the enforced domesticity of women. In cases where the house or domus becomes a place of violence and discomfort, home becomes the process of coping with or resisting the negative aspects of the place (300). Certainly the disabled have experienced this in inaccessible homes, but they may also come to experience a different version in a new EMHE house. For, as Wise puts it, “home can also mean a process of rationalization or submission, a break with the reality of the situation, self-delusion, or falling under the delusion of others” (300). The show’s assumption that the construction of these new houses will to a great extent solve these families’ problems (and that disability itself is the problem, not the failure of our culture to accommodate its many forms) may in fact be a delusional spell under which the recipient families fall. In fact, the show demonstrates a triumphalist narrative prevalent today, in which individual happenstance and extreme circumstances are given responsibility for social ills. In this regard, EMHE acts out an ancient morality play, where the recipients of the show’s largesse are assessed and judged based on what they “deserve,” and the opening of each show, when the Design Team reviews the application video tape of the family, strongly emphasises what good people these are (they work with charities, they love each other, they help out their neighbours) and how their situation is caused by natural disaster, act of God or undeserved tragedy, not their own bad behaviour. Disabilities are viewed as terrible tragedies that befall the young and innocent—there is no lung cancer or emphysema from a former smoking habit, and the recipients paralyzed by gunshots have received them in drive-by shootings or in the line of duty as police officers and soldiers. In addition, one of the functions of large families is that the children veil any selfish motivation the adults may have—they are always seeking the show’s assistance on behalf of the children, not themselves. While the Design Team always notes that there are “so many other deserving people out there,” the implication is that some people’s poverty and need may be their own fault. (See Snyder and Mitchell, Locations 41-67; Blunt and Dowling 116-25; and Holliday.) In addition, the structure of the show—with the opening view of the family’s undeserved problems, their joyous greeting at the arrival of the Team, their departure for the first vacation they may ever have had and then the final exuberance when they return to the new house—creates a sense of complete, almost religious salvation. Such narratives fail to point out social support systems that fail large numbers of people who live in poverty and who struggle with issues of accessibility in terms of not only domestic spaces, but public buildings, educational opportunities and social acceptance. In this way, it echoes elements of the medical model, long criticised in disability studies, where each and every disabled body is conceptualised as a site of individual aberration in need of correction, not as something disabled by an ableist society. In fact, “the house does not shelter us from cosmic forces; at most it filters and selects them” (Deleuze and Guattari, What Is Philosophy?, qtd. in Frichot 61), and those outside forces will still apply to all these families. The normative assumptions inherent in the houses may also become oppressive in spite of their being accessible in a technical sense (a thing necessary but perhaps not sufficient for a sense of home). As Tobin Siebers points out, “[t]he debate in architecture has so far focused more on the fundamental problem of whether buildings and landscapes should be universally accessible than on the aesthetic symbolism by which the built environment mirrors its potential inhabitants” (“Culture” 183). Siebers argues that the Jamesonian “political unconscious” is a “social imaginary” based on a concept of perfection (186) that “enforces a mutual identification between forms of appearance, whether organic, aesthetic, or architectural, and ideal images of the body politic” (185). Able-bodied people are fearful of the disabled’s incurability and refusal of normalisation, and do not accept the statistical fact that, at least through the process of aging, most people will end up dependent, ill and/or disabled at some point in life. Mainstream society “prefers to think of people with disabilities as a small population, a stable population, that nevertheless makes enormous claims on the resources of everyone else” (“Theory” 742). Siebers notes that the use of euphemism and strategies of covering eventually harm efforts to create a society that is home to able-bodied and disabled alike (“Theory” 747) and calls for an exploration of “new modes of beauty that attack aesthetic and political standards that insist on uniformity, balance, hygiene, and formal integrity” (Culture 210). What such an architecture, particularly of an actually livable domestic nature, might look like is an open question, though there are already some examples of people trying to reframe many of the assumptions about housing design. For instance, cohousing, where families and individuals share communal space, yet have private accommodations, too, makes available a larger social group than the nuclear family for social and caretaking activities (Blunt and Dowling, 262-65). But how does one define a beauty-less aesthetic or a pleasant home that is not hygienic? Post-structuralist architects, working on different grounds and usually in a highly theoretical, imaginary framework, however, may offer another clue, as they have also tried to ‘liberate’ architecture from the nostalgic dictates of the aesthetic. Ironically, one of the most famous of these, Peter Eisenman, is well known for producing, in a strange reversal, buildings that render the able-bodied uncomfortable and even sometimes ill (see, in particular, Frank and Eisenman). Of several house designs he produced over the years, Eisenman notes that his intention was to dislocate the house from that comforting metaphysic and symbolism of shelter in order to initiate a search for those possibilities of dwelling that may have been repressed by that metaphysic. The house may once have been a true locus and symbol of nurturing shelter, but in a world of irresolvable anxiety, the meaning and form of shelter must be different. (Eisenman 172) Although Eisenman’s starting point is very different from that of Siebers, it nonetheless resonates with the latter’s desire for an aesthetic that incorporates the “ragged edge” of disabled bodies. Yet few would want to live in a home made less attractive or less comfortable, and the “illusion” of permanence is one of the things that provide rest within our homes. Could there be an architecture, or an aesthetic, of home that could create a new and different kind of comfort and beauty, one that is neither based on a denial of the importance of bodily comfort and pleasure nor based on an oppressively narrow and commercialised set of aesthetic values that implicitly value some people over others? For one thing, instead of viewing home as a place of (false) stasis and permanence, we might see it as a place of continual change and renewal, which any home always becomes in practice anyway. As architect Hélène Frichot suggests, “we must look toward the immanent conditions of architecture, the processes it employs, the serial deformations of its built forms, together with our quotidian spatio-temporal practices” (63) instead of settling into a deadening nostalgia like that seen on EMHE. If we define home as a process of continual territorialisation, if we understand that “[t]here is no fixed self, only the process of looking for one,” and likewise that “there is no home, only the process of forming one” (Wise 303), perhaps we can begin to imagine a different, yet lovely conception of “house” and its relation to the experience of “home.” Extreme Makeover: Home Edition should be lauded for its attempts to include families of a wide variety of ethnic and racial backgrounds, various religions, from different regions around the U.S., both rural and suburban, even occasionally urban, and especially for its bringing to the fore how, indeed, structures can be as disabling as any individual impairment. That it shows designers and builders working with the families of the disabled to create accessible homes may help to change wider attitudes and break down resistance to the building of inclusive housing. However, it so far has missed the opportunity to help viewers think about the ways that our ideal homes may conflict with our constantly evolving social needs and bodily realities. References Bachelard, Gaston. The Poetics of Space. Tr. Maria Jolas. Boston: Beacon Press, 1969. Blunt, Alison, and Robyn Dowling. Home. London and New York: Routledge, 2006. Canguilhem, Georges. The Normal and the Pathological. New York: Zone Books, 1991. Davis, Lennard. Bending Over Backwards: Disability, Dismodernism & Other Difficult Positions. New York: NYUP, 2002. ———. Enforcing Normalcy: Disability, Deafness, and the Body. New York: Verso, 1995. Deleuze, Gilles, and Felix Guattari. A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Tr. B. Massumi. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1987. ———. What Is Philosophy? Tr. G. Burchell and H. Tomlinson. London and New York: Verso, 1994. Eisenman, Peter Eisenman. “Misreading” in House of Cards. 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Siebers, Tobin. “Disability in Theory: From Social Constructionism to the New Realism of the Body.” American Literary History 13.4 (2001): 737-754. ———. “What Can Disability Studies Learn from the Culture Wars?” Cultural Critique 55 (2003): 182-216. Simonian, Charisse. Email to network affiliates, 10 March 2006. 18 May 2007 http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/0327062extreme1.html>. Snyder, Sharon L., and David T. Mitchell. Cultural Locations of Disability. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2006. ———. Narrative Prosthesis: Disability and the Dependencies of Discourse. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000. Steinmetz, Erika. Americans with Disabilities: 2002. U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics, and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau, 2006. 15 May 2007 http://www.census.gov/prod/2006pubs/p70-107.pdf>. Wilhelm, Ian. “The Rise of Charity TV (Reality Television Shows).” Chronicle of Philanthropy 19.8 (8 Feb. 2007): n.p. Wise, J. Macgregor. “Home: Territory and Identity.” Cultural Studies 14.2 (2000): 295-310. Citation reference for this article MLA Style Roney, Lisa. "The Extreme Connection Between Bodies and Houses." M/C Journal 10.4 (2007). echo date('d M. Y'); ?> <http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0708/03-roney.php>. APA Style Roney, L. (Aug. 2007) "The Extreme Connection Between Bodies and Houses," M/C Journal, 10(4). Retrieved echo date('d M. Y'); ?> from <http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0708/03-roney.php>.