Journal articles: 'GC/MS (Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry)'

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Kataev, S. S., O. N. Dvorskaya, M. A. Gofenberg, A. V. Labutin, and A. B. Melentyev. "ANALYTICAL FEATURES OF SYNTHETIC MDMB(N)-073F CANNABIMIMETICS AND ITS MARKERS IN BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL." Pharmacy & Pharmacology 7, no. 4 (September 10, 2019): 184–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2019-7-4-184-197.

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The aim of the research is to study both analytical features of synthetic MDMB(N)-073F cannabimimetics of indazole carboxamides group by gas chromatography methods combined with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) as well as characteristics of the major MDMB(N)-073F metabolite, its glucuronide and derivatives, using gas chromatography with mass-spectrometric (GC-MS) detection and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with MS/MS mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) in urine samples to be applied in expert practice, chemical-toxicological and forensic and chemical analyses.Materials and methods. To carry out the study, the following materials were used: plant-based objects with narcotic drugs withdrawn from illegal trafficking and applied to them;. urine samples to be studied under chemical-toxicological and forensic and chemical analyses. For solid-phase epitaxy, SampliQ EVIDEX TFE cartridges – 200 mg – 3 ml (Agilent, USA) were used for sample preparation; β-glucuronidase, Type HP-2, From Helix Pomatia, 100000 UA/ml (Sigma-ALDRICH CHEMI, Germany) was used for enzymatic hydrolysis. GC-MS/MS analysis was made using Agilent 7890 gas chromatograph with a tandem quadrupolar mass-spectrometer Agilent 7000 (Agilent, США); GC-MS analysis was carrid out using gas chromatograph Agilent 7820 with mass-selective detector Agilent 5975 (Agilent, USA); HPLC-HRMS research was made on liquid chromatograph Agilent 1260 with tandem hybrid high-resolution quadrupole-time-of-flight detector Agilent 6540 (Agilent, США); liquid chromatograph Agilent 1260 with Agilent 6460 (Agilent, USA) with tandem mass-spectrometer were used for making HPLC-MS/MS research.Results. The structure of MDMB(N)-073F compound has been confirmed and an exact mass of the protonated molecule corresponding to the chemical formula C19H27FN3O3 fixed by GC-MS/MS and HPLC-HRMS methods. Spectral characteristics of MDMB(N)-073F have been given. One of the branches in MDMB(N)-073F biotransformation in the human body found out by GC-MS and HPLC-MS/MS methods, is the ester decomposition with further conjugation of the resulting acid. The product interacting with glucuronic acid, is found to be the conjugate of major MDMB(N)-073F metabolite of the Ist phase in biotransformation. Metabolites appearing due to the ester decomposition and its conjugate with glucuronic acid, are recommended to be used as markers for synthetic MDMB(N)-073F cannabimimetics in the analysis by chromatographic methods; they can be used for regular screening of biological samples.Conclusion. The research results presented here, are the following: the analytical features characteristic for synthetic MDMB(N)-073F cannabimimetics found out by gas chromatography methods combined with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/ MS) and liquid chromatography of hybrid high-resolution quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS), as well as characteristics of major MDMB(N)-073F metabolite, its glucuronide and derivatives with the use of gas chromatography with mass-spectrometric detection (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) in urine samples to be applied in expert practice, chemical-toxicological, forensic and chemical analyses.

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Smyrl, N. R., D. M. Hembree, W. E. Davis, D. M. Williams, and J. C. Vance. "Simultaneous GC-FT-IR/GC-MS Analysis for Isomer-Specific Identification and Quantitation of Complex Mixture Components." Applied Spectroscopy 46, no. 2 (February 1992): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702924125636.

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The construction and capabilities of a new instrument combining infrared and mass spectrometry to simultaneously examine the effluent from a single capillary column gas chromatographic injection are described. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is performed in the conventional manner. However, the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) portion of the instrument employs a new sampling method involving low-temperature trapping of the effluent from the gas chromatograph. The mass spectrometer was over two orders of magnitude more sensitive (161 fg detection limit for naphthalene) than the infrared (40 pg). The qualitative capabilities of infrared spectrometry, particularly when isomerspecific identifications are necessary, are shown to be highly complementary to the usual GC-MS method for analyzing complex mixtures

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Caragea, Genica, Mihail Tudosie, Radu Macovei, Ilenuţa Danescu, and Mihai Ionică. "Medical applications of the GC/MS method in the acute intoxication with dimethoate – clinical case." Romanian Journal of Military Medicine 121, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.55453/rjmm.2018.121.2.8.

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Abstract: Mass spectrometry is a chemical analytical method of determining organic substances by comparing their mass spectrum with mass spectra found in system libraries. In the case of biological products, substances of interest, like organophosphorus compounds, must be separated and identified for rapid and good medical measures (antidotism procedures) in acute intoxication case. A gas chromatograph coupled with a Varian mass spectrometer (GC-MS), was used to develop the application. The proposed objective is presenting the medical applicability in acute organophosphorus compounds intoxication management of the GC/MS method (gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry) as a separation and identification method for these compounds and their metabolites in urine samples.

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Donnelly, J. R., G. W. Sovocool, and R. K. Mitchum. "Ion Abundance Criteria for Gas Chromatographic/Mass Spectrometric Environmental Analysis." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 71, no. 2 (March 1, 1988): 434–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/71.2.434.

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Abstract Mass and intensity calibration of gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) responses is an important quality assurance issue for chemical analysis. Ion abundance calibration with decafluorotriphenylphosphine (DFTPP) was applied in 1975 to standardize quadrupole spectra to resemble the ion abundances that were obtainable from magnetic sector mass spectrometers. Modern <j uadrupole mass spectrometers provide significantly greater high-mass sensitivity than allowed under the 1975 study. Thus, those recommendations were reevaluated with 2 approaches. First, an interlaboratory study was conducted using 15 different gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) systems. Second, the U.S. Environmental I'rotection Agency Contract Laboratory Program (EPA-CLP) quality assurance data base was searched and over 6500 DFTPP tune results were plotted and evaluated. Based on these approaches, updated ion abundance criteria recommendations have been developed, which contemporary instruments can meet, and which meet data quality objectives regarding identification and quantitative analysis of analytes.

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S M, Dhivya, and Kalaichelvi K. "PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF SARCOSTEMMA BREVISTIGMA, WIGHT & ARN." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i3.16538.

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ABSTRACTObjective: To explore the phytochemical constituents present in Sarcostemma brevistigma using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Methods: Preliminary phytochemical analysis of secondary metabolites was made by following standard procedures. GC-MS analysis of the plantextracts was performed by using GC-MS equipped with a DB-35MS capillary standard non-polar column and gas chromatograph interfaced to a MassSelective Detector (MS-DSQ-II) with Xcalibur software.Results: The qualitative phytochemical analysis of this species exhibited the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, aminoacids, tannins, terpenoids, quinones, and coumarin. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 24 compounds in the ethanolic extract of aerial partof Sarcostemma brevistigma. The most prevailing compound was 14,17 bis(dimethylaminoamino)[3.3]paracyclophan-5,8-diacetonitrile (14.86%).Conclusion: The study concludes that the species Sarcostemma brevistigma is a potential source for bioactive compounds such as esters, alkanes,alcohols, alkenes, amide, amine, phenol, ketone, and so forth. This study justifies the traditional usage of this species.Keywords: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Sarcostemma brevistigma, Phytochemical compounds, Medicinal plants.

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Lehner, Andreas, Margaret Johnson, Alan Zimmerman, Justin Zyskowski, and John Buchweitz. "Vitamin D analyses in veterinary feeds by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 27, no. 1 (February 2021): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14690667211000244.

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This report examines the feasibility of determination of Vitamin D3, D2 and their 25-hydroxy metabolites utilizing Gas Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) as a potential alternative to popular Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) methodologies. The GC/MS/MS approach was found to operate reasonably well despite long-standing concerns that gas-liquid chromatography of vitamin D compounds invoke thermal rearrangements owing to the relatively high inlet and capillary column temperatures used. The workup procedure involved incubation of feed samples with concentrated potassium hydroxide for overnight fat saponification, extraction of D Vitamins in n-hexane and reaction with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide at 70 °C for 30 mins. In addition to parent compounds, small amounts of pyro-, isopyro-, and iso-vitamin D and isotachysterol3 variants were obtained from each Vitamin D-related compound upon extraction and GC/MS/MS analysis. Mass spectral and chromatographic behavior of these compounds are herein described and interpreted. Multiple Reaction Monitoring settings on GC/MS/MS included m/z 456→351 for Vitamin D3 and m/z 486→363 for Vitamin D2. Trimethylsilylation enabled single predominant peaks for Vitamins D3 and D2, and sample workup in the presence of deuterated Vitamin D analogs enabled accurate and precise sensitivity to 1 ppb (ng/g) in feeds. The method could be extended with reasonable accuracy to 25-hydroxy (25OH) compounds, but accuracies would be significantly improved by inclusion of respective 25OH-specific deuterated internal standards. The method was applied to 27 submissions of suspect dog foods of which 22% were discovered elevated and 44% were discovered to contain toxic levels of Vitamin D3. The described method was thus discovered to provide a suitable mass spectrometric approach for Vitamin D, proving itself here specifically of value in detection of ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol in animal feeds. The specificity and sensitivity of the tandem quadrupole approach can enable suitable applicability to serum determination if desired.

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Braselton, W. Emmett, and Malgorzata Johnson. "Thin Layer Chromatography Convulsant Screen Extended by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 15, no. 1 (January 2003): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870301500109.

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Acute onset convulsive disorders in the canine may result from exposure to a variety of toxicants including strychnine, insecticides, metaldehyde, zinc phosphide, methylxanthines, drugs of abuse, bromethalin, and the tremorgenic mycotoxins (roquefortine and penitrem A). Although several of the above can be identified in a single gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) screen most have to be determined by separate tests. This report describes a modification of the strychnine extraction procedure, which allows thin layer chromatographic (TLC) identification of strychnine, bromethalin, roquefortine, and penitrem A in suspect baits, stomach contents or vomitus, and extends the identification to a wide variety of drugs, pesticides, and environmental contaminants by GC-MS. Samples were mixed with base, extracted into CH2Cl2 and the organic fraction back-extracted with acid. The organic fraction (neutrals) was purified by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and analyzed by TLC to determine penitrem A and bromethalin. The acidic aqueous fraction was adjusted to pH > 9 and extracted into CH2Cl2. The resulting CH2Cl2 layer (bases) was then analyzed by TLC to determine strychnine and roquefortine. The organic basic and neutral fractions were recombined with a late eluting GPC fraction and analyzed by GC-MS. Of 312 samples analyzed by TLC from 1995 to 2001, 35 were positive for strychnine alone, 58 were positive for both roquefortine and penitrem A, 4 were positive for roquefortine alone, and 1 was positive for bromethalin. None of the samples were positive for penitrem A alone. Samples negative by TLC were analyzed by the GC-MS extended procedure since mid-1999, and 14 have shown positive for a wide variety of compounds with convulsant activity.

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Ubbink, Johan B., Rhena Delport, Reiner Riezler, and WJ Hayward Vermaak. "Comparison of Three Different Plasma Homocysteine Assays with Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry." Clinical Chemistry 45, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): 670–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/45.5.670.

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Abstract Background: Various methods are available to measure plasma total homocyst(e)ine (tHcy) concentrations, but whether plasma tHcy assays may be used interchangeably is not known. Methods: Results from three different methods [HPLC with fluorescence detection, enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA)] to determine fasting (n = 163) and post-methionine load (n = 80) plasma tHcy concentrations were compared with those obtained by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Difference plots on non-transformed and log-transformed data were used to assess the agreement between HPLC and GC-MS, EIA and GC-MS, and FPIA and GC-MS. Results: The closest agreement between methods was observed between GC-MS and FPIA for fasting tHcy concentrations, with 95% of the FPIA values between 19% above and 24% below the corresponding GC-MS results. Post-methionine load tHcy concentrations measured by EIA showed the least agreement with GC-MS, with 95% of values measured by EIA ranging between 52% above and 16% below the GC-MS values. With respect to GC-MS, the above-mentioned methods showed a negative bias for fasting tHcy concentrations, but a positive bias for both immunoassays for post-methionine load tHcy concentrations. Conclusions: The agreement among methods is insufficient to allow them to be used interchangeably. The intermethod differences emphasize the need for standardization of plasma tHcy assays.

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Chun, Sechul, Manikandan Muthu, and Judy Gopal. "Mass Spectrometry as an Analytical Tool for Detection of Microplastics in the Environment." Chemosensors 10, no. 12 (December 12, 2022): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10120530.

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Plastic particles smaller than 5 mm accumulate in aqueous, terrestrial, and atmospheric environments and their discovery has been a serious concern when it comes to eco-toxicology and human health risk assessment. In the following review, the potential of mass spectrometry (MS) for the detection of microplastic (MP) pollutants has been elaborately reviewed. The use of various mass spectrometric techniques ranging from gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatographic mass spectrometric (LC-MS) to matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), including their variants, have been reviewed. The lapses in the detection system have been addressed and future recommendations proposed. The challenges facing microplastics and their detection have been discussed and future directions, including mitigation methods, have been presented.

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C, Yogeshwari, and Kumudha P. "PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF TILIACORA RACEMOSA COLEBR. USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY - MASS SPECTROMETRY (GC-MS)." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i2.23361.

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Objective:The objective of this study is to characterize the phytoconstituents of Tiliacora racemosa Colebr. using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Methods: Preliminary phytochemical and physicochemical analysis was carried out using standard procedures. GC-MS analysis of methanolic extract was carried out using Thermo GC-Trace Ultra version: 5.0, Thermo MS DSQ with a DB 35MS capillary standard non-polar column and gas chromatograph interfaced to a mass selective detector (MS DSQ II) with Xcalibur software.Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, triterpenoids, steroids, proteins and amino acids, carbohydrates, saponins and coumarin. Quinones, anthraquinones, glycosides and fixed oil were absent. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 28 compounds of which quinic acid (retention times [RT]: 15.65) and inositol, 1-deoxy-(CAS) (RT: 19.24) was observed as abundant compounds.Conclusion: The presence of various bioactive compounds confirms the medicinal importance and it’s application for curing various diseases by traditional practitioners. However, isolation and characterization of potential bioactive compounds would lead to drug formulation.

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Smeds, Annika I., Patrik C. Eklund, and Stefan M. Willför. "Characterization of high-molar-mass fractions in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) knotwood ethanol extract." Holzforschung 72, no. 3 (February 23, 2018): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2017-0079.

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AbstractThe identification of compounds in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.) knotwood (KnW), obtained by extracting with hydrophilic organic solvents, has been performed previously almost exclusively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GS-MS) equipped with long GC columns (≥25 m). That means that the molar mass (MM) of the majority of the identified compounds was below 500–600 Da, and the analytical data accounted for only about half of the dry extract weight. In the present work, high-molar-mass (HMM) fractions in a Scots pine KnW-EtOH extract were isolated and chemically characterized by means of several advanced analytical techniques, such as high performance size-exclusion chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector (HPSEC-ELSD), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-electrospray ionization-ion trap-mass spectrometry [(HPLC)ESI-IT-MS], ESI-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS), pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (THM-GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and GC-MS. The results indicate that the MM maxima of the HMM fractions ranged from approximately 500 to 2200 Da, and that the compounds consist mainly of oligomers of hydroxylated resin acids (RAs), especially dehydroabietic acid, but also of fatty acids (FAs), stilbenes and sterols. A large number of RA dimers were tentatively identified in the HMM fractions. However, it remains unknown how the monomer units are linked together, as it was not possible to isolate a RA dimer fraction pure enough for NMR characterization. RA dimers in native KnW have not been identified previously.

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LLOVERA, MONTSERRAT, REMEI VILADRICH, MERCÈ TORRES, and RAMON CANELA. "Analysis of Underivatizated Patulin by a GC-MS Technique." Journal of Food Protection 62, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-62.2.202.

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An alternative approach based on the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is used to confirm the presence of patulin in apple juice. In the gas chromatography (GC) methods previously described, derivatization of patulin was always necessary in order to achieve good chromatographic detection. The use of electronic pressure control (EPC) and on-column injection avoids the need for patulin derivatization and allows a sensitive analysis of patulin. A detection limit of 4 μg/liter in apple juice can be attributed to the method.

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Ababutain, Ibtisam. "Antimicrobial Activity and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis of Saudi Arabian Ocimum basilicum Leaves Extracts." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 823–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.13.2.17.

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Asres, Daniel Derbie, and Hélène Perreault. "A gas-to-solid phase methanolysis method for the analysis of small amounts of oligosaccharides." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 8 (August 1, 1996): 1512–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v96-168.

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A gas-to-solid phase methanolysis method for the analysis of oligosaccharides is presented. The advantages of using this new gas-to-solid phase method, as opposed to conventional bulk phase techniques, are described, along with comparisons of results obtained from both techniques. The reliable bulk phase methanolysis methods are used as benchmarks for assessing the extent of completion of the gas-to-solid reactions. Gas chromatographic – mass spectrometric (GC–MS) data show that, in general, higher temperatures and longer reaction times are required for completion of the gas-to-solid methanolysis process than for completion of the bulk phase reaction. On the other hand, the gas-to-solid procedure requires only minimal amounts of substrate that would be difficult to characterize using bulk phase methanolysis due to losses during clean-up procedures. Gas-to-solid methanolysis reactions of permethylated di- and trisaccharides were investigated (GC–FID and GC–MS), following initial experiments performed in order to characterize the GC retention times and mass spectra of permethylated standard monosaccharides. Conversion of neutral disaccharides, as well as neutral and acidic trisaccharides, to their respective monosaccharides was successful using the gas-to-solid method. The GC–FID and GC–MS traces show that the gas-to-solid method gives a cleaner reaction than the bulk phase method. Key words: oligosaccharides, methanolysis, permethylation, gas chromatography – mass spectrometry, mass spectrometry.

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NAKAGAWA, Katsuhiro, Kouki TANAKA, and Haruhiko MIYAGAWA. "Odor Analysis Using Gas Chromatography — Mass Spectrometry." Journal of Japan Association on Odor Environment 44, no. 1 (2013): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2171/jao.44.28.

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Yeo, Hyeon Ji, Chang Ha Park, Kyoung Bok Lee, Jae Kwang Kim, Jong Seok Park, Jong-Won Lee, and Sang Un Park. "Metabolic Analysis of Vigna unguiculata Sprouts Exposed to Different Light-Emitting Diodes." Natural Product Communications 13, no. 10 (October 2018): 1934578X1801301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1801301029.

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In order to determine the effect of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on plant metabolism, the present study examined the primary and secondary metabolite profiles of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. sprouts that were exposed to red, blue, white, or a combination of red and blue LEDs using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). A total of 39 hydrophilic compounds were identified and quantitated using GC-TOF-MS, and six phenylpropanoids and six carotenoids were quantified using HPLC. The plants grown under blue LED light contained the highest level of total carotenoids (253.72 ± 17.27 μg/g) and phenylpropanoids (2600.51 ± 4.90 μg/g). Thus, the current study provides a new approach for enhancing the carotenoid and phenylpropanoid production of V. unguiculata.

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Xu, Sihang, Ramu Errabelli, Donald H. Feener, Katherine Noble, and Athula B. Attygalle. "Identification of alkylpyrazines by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS)." Journal of Chromatography A 1589 (March 2019): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.011.

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Ahmed, Reem, Mohamad J. Altamimi, and Mayssa Hachem. "State-of-the-Art Analytical Approaches for Illicit Drug Profiling in Forensic Investigations." Molecules 27, no. 19 (October 5, 2022): 6602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196602.

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In forensic chemistry, when investigating seized illicit drugs, the profiling or chemical fingerprinting of drugs is considered fundamental. This involves the identification, quantitation and categorization of drug samples into groups, providing investigative leads such as a common or different origin of seized samples. Further goals of drug profiling include the elucidation of synthetic pathways, identification of adulterants and impurities, as well as identification of a drug’s geographic origin, specifically for plant-derived exhibits. The aim of this state-of-art-review is to present the traditional and advanced analytical approaches commonly followed by forensic chemists worldwide for illicit drug profiling. We discussed numerous methodologies for the physical and chemical profiling of organic and inorganic impurities found in illicit drug. Applications of powerful spectroscopic and chromatographic tools for illicit drug profiling including isotope-Ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography–isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS), ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), thin layer chromatography (TLC), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were discussed. Altogether, the techniques covered in this paper to profile seized illicit drugs could aid forensic chemists in selecting and applying a suitable method to extract valuable profiling data.

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Kusch, Peter. "Application of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) in failure analysis in the automotive industry." Engineering Failure Analysis 82 (December 2017): 726–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2017.06.033.

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Greenaway, W., S. English, F. R. Whatley, and S. B. Rood. "Interrelationships of poplars in a hybrid swarm as studied by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-028.

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Analysis of bud exudate by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) of 14 clones belonging to a natural hybrid swarm involving Populus angustifolia, P. balsamifera, and P. deltoides produced results consistent with those obtained by previous analysis of leaf characteristics. Specimens that had leaves most characteristic of a pure species also produced bud exudate GC–MS profiles which were characteristic of those species. GC–MS profiles of interspecific hybrid clones were intermediate between the parental species. This demonstrates the usefulness of GC–MS analysis of bud exudate as a chemo-taxonomic method for the study of intersecific poplar hybrids and also supports the accuracy of analysis of foliar morphology for taxonomic assessment. Key words: Populus, bud exudate, gas chromatography – mass spectrometry.

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Dang Thu, Hien, Ngoc Anh Mai Thi, and Hong Ngoc Nguyen Thi. "Determination of Phytosterols in vegetable oils by GC-MS method." Heavy metals and arsenic concentrations in water, agricultural soil, and rice in Ngan Son district, Bac Kan province, Vietnam 3, no. 4 (December 8, 2020): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47866/2615-9252/vjfc.1759.

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In this study, a method for determination of six phytosterols by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with derivatization in vegetable oils was validated. The samples were hydrolyzed in an alkaline media at 70°C for 60 min. Then, the samples were performed liquid-liquid extraction with toluene. The phytosterols are derivatized to trimethylsilyl ethers and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The limit of detection and limit of quantification was 5 and 15 mg/kg, respectively. Recoveries of six phytosterols were between 93.5% and 101%.

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Suo, Chaofan, Zhiyong Sun, Yaoming Wang, Shuaiwei Dong, Chunxia Lv, Ting Wang, Shuangxi Yan, and Chao Wang. "Active components in leaves of Rhus chinensis Mill." Thermal Science 24, no. 3 Part A (2020): 1729–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190529045s.

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Rhus chinensis Mill is a high-quality eco-economic resource for potential sustainable development. To analyze the chemical constituents of extracts from the leaves of Rhus chinensis Mill for resource values, the following analytical methods were performed: Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), thermogravimetry, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS). The results showed that the leaves of Rhus chinensis Mill were rich in volatile substances that could be exploited and used

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García-Viguera, C., F. Ferreres, and F. A. Tomás-Barberán. "Study of Canadian Propolis by GC-MS and HPLC." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 48, no. 9-10 (October 1, 1993): 731–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1993-9-1009.

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Abstract Propolis and propolis balsam from Canada was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography and the results compared. The compounds identified indicated that the main plant source was Populus from Section Aigeiros

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Liu, Shu Jun, Li Li Yu, Chang Zheng Zhao, and Wei Gao. "Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry to Analysis Distribution of Gasoline Compositions." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 1763–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.1763.

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The using of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to the analysis of gasoline components is studied in this article. The results show that sample of fresh gasoline contains 27 kinds of compositions, Groups of characteristic compounds and distribution of components were clearly observed in the gasoline. As a result, Applying GC-MS technology to analysis distribution of gasoline compositions was practicable.

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Reinstadler, Vera, Rene Gutmann, Florian Pitterl, Klaus Winkler, and Herbert Oberacher. "Gas Chromatography—High-Temperature Proton-Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry as a Novel Tool for Forensic Drug Testing." Separations 9, no. 11 (October 26, 2022): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9110328.

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Proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) is a versatile tool for the mass spectrometric analysis of organic molecules in gaseous samples. Due to its operation principle, PTR-MS is a soft ionization technique generating spectral data typically rich in protonated molecule information. Most of the currently reported PTR-MS applications are designed to determine volatile compounds. Herein, we present a redesigned instrumental setup termed “high-temperature (HT)-PTR-MS” with improved capabilities for the analysis of low-volatile compounds. The developed HT-PTR-MS prototype was successfully hyphenated with gas chromatography (GC) to enable qualitative and quantitative analysis of licit and illicit drugs in human blood/plasma samples. Different kinds of spiked and authentic samples were used to evaluate the performance of the GC-HT-PTR-MS in forensic drug testing. Benchmarking against GC-MS with electron ionization demonstrated the improved detection capabilities of GC-HT-PTR-MS in screening applications. On average, one order of magnitude lower limits of detection/identification were reached. Clearly, GC-HT-PTR-MS has the vast potential to complement or even replace established mass spectrometric techniques in forensic drug analysis.

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Fu, Kejie, Qingqing Ren, Qibei Bao, Sumei Lian, and Jun Liu. "Determination of Quinoline in Textiles by Gas Chromatography－ Mass Spectrometry." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 3, no. 1 (November 7, 2022): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.3.1.30.

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A method for the determination of quinoline in textiles by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC－MS) was developed. The experimental conditions for extraction were optimized. The textile samples were ultrasonically extracted with toluene as organic solvent. The extraction solution was filtered with 0.45μm polytetrachloroethylene filter membrane, and the filtrate was subjected to GC-MS. Under the optimal conditions, the linear correlation coefficient of this method was 0.9998, with a low detection limit of 0.1 mg/kg in the concentration range of 0.1-1.0 mg ·L-1. Recoveries ranged from 82. 9% to 92.0 % with RSDs ranged from 1.4% to 3.8%.

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Parys, Wioletta, Małgorzata Dołowy, and Alina Pyka-Pająk. "Significance of Chromatographic Techniques in Pharmaceutical Analysis." Processes 10, no. 1 (January 17, 2022): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10010172.

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This work presents an overview of the modern approaches embracing advanced equipment and validation parameters of both liquid and gas chromatography techniques, including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), column liquid chromatography (CLC), and gas chromatography (GC), suitable for the identification and quantitative determination of various bioactive compounds occurring in pharmaceutical products and medicinal plants in the time from 2020 to 2021 (November). This review confirmed that HPLC is an incredibly universal tool, especially when combined with different detectors, such as UV-Visible spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), and fluorescence detection for numerous active ingredients in different pharmaceutical formulations without interferences from other excipients. TLC, in combination with densitometry, is a very efficient tool for the determination of biologically active substances present in pharmaceutical preparations. In addition, TLC coupled to densitometry and mass spectrometry could be suitable for preliminary screening and determination of the biological activity (e.g., antioxidant properties, thin layer chromatography (TLC) by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method) of plant materials. Gas chromatography, coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS, GC-MS/MS), is of particular importance in the testing of any volatile substances, such as essential oils. LC, coupled to NMR and MS, is the best solution for identifying and studying the structure of unknown components from plant extracts, as well as degradation products (DPs). Thanks to size-exclusion chromatography, coupled to multi-angle light scattering, the quality control of biological pharmaceuticals is possible.

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Sharif, Mehwish, Muhammad Irfan Jalees, Syed Azhar Ali Shah Tirmazi, Muhammad Makshoof Athar, Arjumand Iqbal Durrani, and Madeeha Batool. "Discrimination of Pakistani Fountain Pen Inks by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2022 (March 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7186625.

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In developing countries, the chances of fraud in written documents are comparatively high. Therefore, comparison of fountain pen inks is especially imperative in examination of forensic questioned documents. We have investigated the use of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique in profiling and discrimination of fountain pen ink used in Pakistan for forensic purpose. The main purpose of this study was to discriminate different Pakistani fountain pen inks. The datum for Pakistani inks of fountain pen is not obtainable. In this research study, blue, black, and green colors fountain pen inks commercially used in Pakistan have been extracted from paper using micropunch and then investigated using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to differentiate various brands of different colors of fountain pen inks based on their chemical composition. Molecular ion peaks for different components were obtained, and components were identified on the basis of detected ions. Results have been calculated and compared in terms of discriminating power (D.P.). The D.P. for blue, black, and green inks of fountain pen was 1.0 by using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique.

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Kosaka, K., K. Seki, N. Kimura, Y. Kobayashi, and M. Asami. "Determination of trichloramine in drinking water using headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry." Water Supply 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2010.042.

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Trichloramine (NCl3) is one of the major causes of the chlorine odor in drinking water. In the present study, a method was developed for analysis of NCl3 concentration in water using headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS–GC/MS). For quantification of NCl3, m/z of 51 was selected because other major m/z of NCl3 were also observed as fragments of trichloromethane (CHCl3) and the peaks of NCl3 and CHCl3 overlapped on the chromatogram. The limit of quantification for NCl3 was set to 15 μg-Cl2/L. The calibration curve of NCl3 was expressed as a quadratic curve because of the partial NCl3 decomposition. NCl3 concentrations in chlorinated ammonium solution were determined by HS–GC/MS and titration using N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine and ferrous ammonium sulfate (DPD/FAS), and the results using the two methods were similar at pH 6 and 7. However, at pH 8, NCl3 was detected using HS–GC/MS, but not using DPD/FAS titration. NCl3 concentrations in nine tap water samples were determined using HS–GC/MS and ranged from < 15 to 46 μg-Cl2/L. The results of the present study indicated that HS–GC/MS is applicable to determination of NCl3 in drinking water.

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Rontani, Jean-François. "Use of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Techniques (GC-MS, GC-MS/MS and GC-QTOF) for the Characterization of Photooxidation and Autoxidation Products of Lipids of Autotrophic Organisms in Environmental Samples." Molecules 27, no. 5 (March 1, 2022): 1629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051629.

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This paper reviews applications of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques for the characterization of photooxidation and autoxidation products of lipids of senescent phototrophic organisms. Particular attention is given to: (i) the selection of oxidation products that are sufficiently stable under environmental conditions and specific to each lipid class and degradation route; (ii) the description of electron ionization mass fragmentation of trimethylsilyl derivatives of these compounds; and (iii) the use of specific fragment ions for monitoring the oxidation of the main unsaturated lipid components of phototrophs. The techniques best geared for this task were gas chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight to monitor fragment ions with very high resolution and accuracy, and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to monitor very selective transitions in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The extent of the degradation processes can only be estimated if the oxidation products are unaffected by fast secondary oxidation reactions, as it is notably the case of ∆5-sterols, monounsaturated fatty acids, chlorophyll phytyl side-chain, and di- and triterpenoids. In contrast, the primary degradation products of highly branched isoprenoid alkenes possessing more than one trisubstituted double bond, alkenones, carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, appear to be too unstable with respect to secondary oxidation or other reactions to serve for quantification in environmental samples.

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Lukić, Igor, Silvia Carlin, and Urska Vrhovsek. "Utility of Comprehensive GC×GC Gas Chromatography in Finding Varietal Markers among Volatile Compounds in Non-Aromatic Red Wines." Agronomy 12, no. 10 (October 14, 2022): 2512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102512.

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To investigate the utility of comprehensive GC×GC gas chromatography metabolomics in finding varietal markers among volatile compounds in non-aromatic red wines, representative samples of the two most important Croatian monovarietal red wines, Plavac mali and Teran, were subjected to analysis by both conventional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF-MS) after headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). GC-MS was useful for the determination of the basic volatile profile composed mainly of major esters and acids, followed by terpenes and C13-norisoprenoids. GC×GC-TOF-MS allowed the identification of 209 volatiles, among which 49 were significantly different across monovarietal wines. The compounds most characteristic for Teran were two theaspirane isomers, ethyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate, ethyl methyhexanoate, and ho-trienol, whereas Plavac mali stood out with higher concentrations of tridecane and a 2,3-butanediol isomer. The two monovarietal wines were successfully differentiated between each other by multivariate statistical methods mostly based on GC×GC-TOF-MS data. The presented approach that combines conventional GC-MS and advanced GC×GC-TOF-MS showed a great potential for tracking chemical markers of varietal origin and could be practically applied in managing wine production, quality and typicity, marketing, and protection from forgery.

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Ma, Pan, Zhimin Zhang, Xinyi Zhou, Yonghuan Yun, Yizeng Liang, and Hongmei Lu. "Feature extraction from resolution perspective for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry datasets." RSC Advances 6, no. 115 (2016): 113997–4004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra17864b.

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Chen, Shuang, Li Wang, Derang Ni, Lin Lin, Heyu Wang, and Yan Xu. "Characterization of Aroma Compounds in Cooked Sorghum Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry-Mass Spectrometry." Molecules 26, no. 16 (August 7, 2021): 4796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164796.

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Sorghum is the major raw material for the production of Chinese Baijiu (Chinese liquor) and has a great effect on the flavor of Baijiu. Volatiles in cooked glutinous and non-glutinous sorghum samples were extracted using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed via comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) and gas chromatography-olfactometry/mass spectrometry (GC-O/MS). A total of 145 volatile compounds and 52 potent odorant compounds were identified from both sorghum types according to the retention index, MS, aroma, and standards. Based on their aroma features, the compounds were grouped into eight general categories, and the intensities of each aroma group were summed. Moreover, most of the compounds detected in the cooked sorghums were also detected in commercial Chinese Baijiu, indicating that the aroma compounds produced during the sorghum cooking process have a direct and significant influence on the final flavor quality of Baijiu.

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Fitzgerald, R. L., and D. A. Herold. "Serum total testosterone: immunoassay compared with negative chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry." Clinical Chemistry 42, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 749–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/42.5.749.

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Abstract We have developed an electron capture negative chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) procedure to quantify serum testosterone in the clinically relevant range 0.69-69.3 nmol/L and used this procedure to assess Ciba Corning Diagnostics ACS:180 testosterone immunoassay. The GC-MS method involves liquid-liquid extraction of serum samples and synthesis of a pentafluorobenzyloxime/silyl ether derivative of testosterone with excellent chromatographic and electron capturing properties. The ACS testosterone assay is the first fully automated nonradioactive testosterone immunoassay approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Patients' specimens (101, 57 males, 44 females) were analyzed by both techniques. A plot of the GC-MS (x) vs ACS (y) testosterone concentrations for men was linear (y = 1.07x + 0.19 nmol/L), showing excellent correlation (r2 = 0.98) between the two assays. Agreement of the two assays for female specimens was poor (y = 0.72x + 1.2 nmol/L), with a poor correlation (r2 = 0.31).

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Sánchez, Raquel, Fabien Chainet, Vincent Souchon, Sylvain Carbonneaux, Charles-Philippe Lienemann, and José-Luis Todolí. "Silicon speciation in light petroleum products using gas chromatography coupled to ICP-MS/MS." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 35, no. 10 (2020): 2387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ja00156b.

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A gas chromatography method coupled to ICP-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-ICP-MS/MS) was validated for silicon speciation method for light petroleum products with a detector response independently of sample matrix and silicon chemical form.

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Ham, Hun-Ju, Syed Wasim Sardar, Abd Elaziz Sulieman Ahmed Ishag, Jeong-Yoon Choi, and Jang-Hyun Hur. "Optimization of an Analytical Method for Indoxacarb Residues in Fourteen Medicinal Herbs Using GC–μECD, GC–MS/MS and LC–MS/MS." Separations 9, no. 9 (August 30, 2022): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9090232.

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Pesticide residue analysis in medicinal herbs is a challenging task because of the matrix effect and its influence on quantitative analysis despite the continuous development of several new analytical methods and instrumentations. In this study, a modified QuEChERS method was developed for the analysis of indoxacarb residue in medicinal herbs by using the conventional instrument, gas chromatography micro-electron-capture-detector (GC–μECD), and comparing it with gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Samples were extracted with acetonitrile and purified using an NH2 cartridge. The optimized method efficiently removes the co-extractives and offered a limit of quantification of 0.01 mg kg−1. The GC–μECD analysis results of indoxacarb in seven medicinal herbs out of fourteen species at a fortification level of 0.01 mg kg−1 showed a recovery range of 79.7–117.6%, while the rest showed recovery > 120%. Similarly, the recovery of indoxacarb by GC and LC–MS/SM were 74.1–105.9 and 73.0–99.0%, respectively, with a relative standard deviation of <20%. Matrix effects for the majority of medicinal herbs analyzed by GC–MS/MS were >±20%. Whereas the results for LC–MS/MS were <20%, which was within the acceptable range according to the SANTE/11312/2021 guidelines. Considering the performance of the method and alignment with the regulatory guidelines, LC–MS/MS is recommended for the analysis of indoxacarb in selected medicinal herbs.

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Fan, Fangyu, Han Li, Yuqiao Xu, Yun Liu, Zhifeng Zheng, and Huan Kan. "Thermal behaviour of walnut shells by thermogravimetry with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 9 (September 2018): 180331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180331.

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The present study introduces thermogravimetry with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (TG-GC-MS) at four different heating rates to investigate the activation energy and thermal degradation behaviour of walnut shell pyrolysis. The distributed activation energy model (DAEM) was applied to investigate the activation energy. According to values of the activation energy and the correlation coefficient by the DAEM, the activation energy (98.69–267.75 kJ mol −1 ) and correlation coefficient (0.914–0.999) were determined for pyrolysis of walnut shells. GC-MS was performed to investigate the pyrolysis products from walnut shells at different critical temperature points. More than 20 different substances were identified at different temperatures from GC-MS results. With the increasing pyrolysis temperature, furan, furfural, benzene and long chain alkanes were successively identified in different GC-MS experimental results.

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Liu, Ruojin, Yaran Liu, Yuxuan Zhu, Maaria Kortesniemi, Baoqing Zhu, and Hehe Li. "Aromatic Characteristics of Passion Fruit Wines Measured by E-Nose, GC-Quadrupole MS, GC-Orbitrap-MS and Sensory Evaluation." Foods 11, no. 23 (November 24, 2022): 3789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11233789.

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This study investigated the volatile composition and aromatic features of passion fruit wines using a combination of gas chromatography–quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-qMS), gas chromatography–Orbitrap–mass spectrometry (GC-Orbitrap-MS), electronic nose (E-nose) and sensory evaluation. The results showed that these passion fruit wines possessed different aromatic features confirmed by E-nose. Seventeen sulfur compounds and seventy-eight volatiles were detected in these passion fruit wines using GC-Orbitrap-MS and GC-qMS, respectively. Forty-four volatiles significantly contributed to the overall wine aroma. These wines possessed passion fruit, mango, green apple, lemon and floral aromas confirmed by sensory evaluation. The partial least squares regression analysis indicated that sulfides, esters and terpenes, and terpenes mainly correlated to the passion fruit, mango and green apple aroma, respectively. Sulfur compounds significantly affected the aroma of passion fruit wine. The findings in this study could provide useful insight toward the quality control of passion fruit wine.

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Chopra, Shilpi, Paulo C. F. L. Gomes, Ramkumar Dhandapani, and Nicholas H. Snow. "Analysis of Steroids using Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS-MS)." Scientia Chromatographica 6, no. 2 (2014): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/sc.2014.024.

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de Vos, Betty-Jayne, Mark Froneman, Egmont Rohwer, and Dale A. Sutherland. "Detection of Petrol (Gasoline) in Fire Debris by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS/MS)." Journal of Forensic Sciences 47, no. 4 (July 1, 2002): 15446J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs15446j.

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Wilson, Roger T., John Wong, John Johnston, Robert Epstein, and David N. Heller. "Confirmation of Leucogentian Violet in Chicken Fat by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 77, no. 5 (September 1, 1994): 1137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/77.5.1137.

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Abstract A gas chromatographic/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) procedure for confirming the identity of leucogentian violet (LGV) in chicken fat was developed for regulatory application. The unused portion of the extract remaining from a determinative procedure was back-extracted into an organic phase, concentrated, and analyzed by GC/MS. Confirmation of the identity of LGV was based on matching the retention times and relative abundances of 6 ions in the extract to corresponding values obtained for the LGV standard. The procedure was validated by replicate analyses of negative control, fortified control, and residue-incurred chicken fat. The presence of LGV was confirmed by the GC/MS procedure in all samples found to contain LGV by prior liquid chromatographic analyses. There were no interferences in the control samples.

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Yokley, Robert A., Nanzhu Shen, and Max W. Cheung. "Determination of Two Oxy-Pyrimidine Metabolites of Diazinon in Urine by Gas Chromatography/Mass Selective Detection and Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization/Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 83, no. 5 (September 1, 2000): 1229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/83.5.1229.

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Abstract An analytical method was developed for the determination in urine of 2 metabolites of diazinon: 6-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-4(1H)-pyrimidinone (G-27550) and 2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-6-methyl-4(1H)-pyrimidinone (GS-31144). Two of the urine sample preparation procedures presented rely on gas chromatography/mass selective detection (GC/MSD) in the selected ion monitoring mode for determination of G-27550. For fast sample preparation and a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 1.0 ppb, urine samples were purified by using ENV+ solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns. For analyte confirmation at an LOQ of 0.50 ppb, classical liquid/liquid partitioning was used before further purification in a silica SPE column. An SPE sample preparation procedure and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC/ESI/MS/MS) were used for both G-27550 and GS-31144. The limit of detection was 0.01 ng for G-27550 with GC/MSD, and 0.016 ng when LC/ESI/MS/MS was used for both G-27550 and GS-31144. The LOQ was 0.50 ppb for G-27550 when GC/MSD and the partitioning/SPE sample preparation procedure were used, and 1.0 ppb for the SPE only sample preparation procedure. The LOQ was 1.0 ppb for both analytes when LC/ESI/MS/MS was used.

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Ogrinc, Nives, Mihael Budja, Doris Potočnik, Andreja Žibrat Gašparič, and Dimitrij Mlekuž. "Lipids, pots and food processing at Hočevarica, Ljubljansko barje, Slovenia." Documenta Praehistorica 41 (December 30, 2014): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.41.10.

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The paper presents the results of lipid analyses of pottery samples from Ho≠evarica (Ljub- ljansko barje, Slovenia). Total lipid extracts were subjected to high temperature gas chromatography (HT-GC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). The results show that some vessels were used for prepar- ing ruminant meat and vegetable, but also the remains of aquatic food were identified. The processing of non-ruminant meat was detected in a few samples. A high number of pottery samples yielded the presence of beeswax lipids. The charred residual on pottery was AMS 14C dated.

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Ming, Ming, Xiyue Wang, Lili Lian, Hao Zhang, Wenxiu Gao, Bo Zhu, and Dawei Lou. "Metabolic responses ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeto ethanol stress using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry." Molecular Omics 15, no. 3 (2019): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9mo00055k.

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Chernova, Alina, Pavel Mazin, Svetlana Goryunova, Denis Goryunov, Yakov Demurin, Lyudmila Gorlova, Anna Vanyushkina, et al. "Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for precise fatty acid profiling of oilseed crops." PeerJ 7 (March 6, 2019): e6547. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6547.

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Oilseed crops are one of the most important sources of vegetable oils for food and industry. Nutritional and technical properties of vegetable oil are primarily determined by its fatty acid (FA) composition. The content and composition of FAs in plants are commonly determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GS-MS) or gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) techniques. In the present work, we applied ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) technique to FA profiling of sunflower and rapeseed seeds and compared this method with the GC-FID technique. GC-FID detected 11 FAs in sunflower and 13 FAs in rapeseed, while UPLC-MS appeared to be more sensitive, detecting about 2.5 times higher numbers of FAs in both plants. In addition to even-chain FAs, UPLC-MS was able to detect odd-chain FAs. The longest FA detected using GC-FID was an FA with 24 carbon atoms, whereas UPLC-MS could reveal the presence of longer FAs with the tails of up to 28 carbon atoms. Based on our results, we may conclude that UPLC-MS has great potential to be used for the assessment of FA profiles of oil crops.

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Tranchida, Peter Quinto, Rosaria Costa, Paola Dugo, Giovanni Dugo, and Luigi Mondello. "Micro-bore Column Fast Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in Essential Oil Analysis." Natural Product Communications 3, no. 7 (July 2008): 1934578X0800300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0800300724.

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The present research is focused on the use of micro-bore column fast gas chromatography in combination with rapid-scanning quadrupole mass spectrometry for mediumly-complex essential oil analysis. A basil essential oil sample was initially subjected to conventional GC-MS (analysis time: 25 min) under optimum analytical conditions. Peak identification was carried by using a dual-filtered MS library search procedure: the first filter deleted “hits” with a less than 90% spectral similarity, while the second filter eliminated matches with a linear retention index (LRI) outside a pre-defined LRI window. The same essential oil sample was analyzed under optimized fast GC-MS conditions by using a micro-bore column, with the same aforementioned MS library search process (analysis time: 5.3 min). Resolution was altogether similar in both applications, with the same number of compounds reliably-identified, namely fifty-nine. The experiment demonstrated the usefulness of the rapid GC approach in this type of experiment.

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Mazankova, V., I. Manduchová, F. Krcma, L. Prokes, and D. Trunec. "GC-MS and GC-FID Analysis of Products from Glow Discharge in N2 + CH4 Mixture." PLASMA PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 3 (2018): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ppt.2018.3.103.

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This work extends our previous investigation of nitrogen-methane atmospheric glow discharge for the simulation of chemical processes in prebiotic atmospheres. Also reactions on surfaces of solid state bodies can be important. So in presented experiments the electrodes with different shapes and different surface areas were used. Exhaust products of discharge in this gas mixture were analyzed by Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Gas Chromatography - Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). The major products identified in chromatograms were hydrogen cyanide and acetylene.

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Joshi, Rajesh K. "GC/MS Analysis of the Essential Oil of Senecio belgaumensis Flowers." Natural Product Communications 6, no. 8 (August 2011): 1934578X1100600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1100600826.

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The essential oil composition of the flowers of Senecio belgaumensis (Wight) Cl. was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Forty eight compounds were identified, representing 91.5% of the total oil. The main constituents were 1-undecanol (19.5%), β-caryophyllene (18.9%), caryophyllene oxide (10.4%) and γ-terpinene (9.2%).

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Hoker, J., F. Obersteiner, H. Bönisch, and A. Engel. "Comparison of GC/time-of-flight MS with GC/quadrupole MS for halocarbon trace gas analysis." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, no. 5 (May 27, 2015): 2195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2195-2015.

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Abstract. We present the application of time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) for the analysis of halocarbons in the atmosphere after cryogenic sample preconcentration and gas chromatographic separation. For the described field of application, the quadrupole mass spectrometer (QP MS) is a state-of-the-art detector. This work aims at comparing two commercially available instruments, a QP MS and a TOF MS, with respect to mass resolution, mass accuracy, stability of the mass axis and instrument sensitivity, detector sensitivity, measurement precision and detector linearity. Both mass spectrometers are operated on the same gas chromatographic system by splitting the column effluent to both detectors. The QP MS had to be operated in optimised single ion monitoring (SIM) mode to achieve a sensitivity which could compete with the TOF MS. The TOF MS provided full mass range information in any acquired mass spectrum without losing sensitivity. Whilst the QP MS showed the performance already achieved in earlier tests, the sensitivity of the TOF MS was on average higher than that of the QP MS in the "operational" SIM mode by a factor of up to 3, reaching detection limits of less than 0.2 pg. Measurement precision determined for the whole analytical system was up to 0.2% depending on substance and sampled volume. The TOF MS instrument used for this study displayed significant non-linearities of up to 10% for two-thirds of all analysed substances.

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Choi, Na-Rae, Yong-Jun Yoon, Ki-Tae Park, Ki-Ae Kim, Yong-Pyo Kim, Yun-Gyong Ahn, and Ji-Yi Lee. "Trace Level Determination of Saccharides in Pristine Marine Aerosols by Gas Chromatography—Tandem Mass Spectrometry." Toxics 9, no. 4 (April 17, 2021): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9040086.

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The quantification and identification of saccharides in pristine marine aerosols can provide useful information for determining the contributions of anthropogenic and natural sources of the aerosol. However, individual saccharide compounds in pristine marine aerosols that exist in trace amounts are difficult to analyze due to their low concentrations. Thus, in this study, we applied gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode to analyze the particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter equal or less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) samples, and the results were compared with those of conventional GC-MS. To investigate the chemical properties of pristine marine aerosols, 12 PM2.5 samples were collected while aboard Araon, an ice-breaking research vessel (IBRV), as it sailed from Incheon, South Korea to Antarctica. The method detection limits of GC-MS/MS for 10 saccharides were 2–22-fold lower than those of GC-MS. Consequently, the advantages of GC-MS/MS include (1) more distinct peak separations, enabling the accurate identification of the target saccharides and (2) the quantification of all individual saccharide compounds with concentrations outside the quantifiable range of GC-MS. Accordingly, the time resolution for sampling saccharides in pristine marine aerosols can be improved with GC-MS/MS.

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Journal articles on the topic 'GC/MS (Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry)'

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