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Journal articles on the topic 'GC side-effects'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Lylova, E. S., A. V. Savinkova, E. M. Zhidkova, et al. "INHIBITION OF REDD1 EXPRESSION FOR THE REDUCTION OF GLUCOCORTICOID-INDUCED SIDE EFFECTS." Siberian journal of oncology 19, no. 6 (2020): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2020-19-6-73-81.

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Glucocorticoids (GC ) have been an integral component of the treatment of leukemias and lymphomas for several decades. Specific cytotoxic effect of GC on transformed lymphoblasts mediates their use at the stage of the remission induction as well as consolidation of treatment. However, the main problem of the long-term GC use is the development of atrophic and metabolic side effects as well as GC resistance. The biological effects of GC are realized via activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) by two mechanisms: transrepression (TR) associated with the therapeutic effects of GC , and tran

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Hua, Guoqiang, Naimah Zein, Laetitia Paulen, and Pierre Chambon. "The glucocorticoid receptor agonistic modulators CpdX and CpdX-D3 do not generate the debilitating effects of synthetic glucocorticoids." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 28 (2019): 14200–14209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1908264116.

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Seventy years after the discovery of their anti-inflammatory properties, glucocorticoids (GCs) remain the mainstay treatment for major allergic and inflammatory disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, colitis, and conjunctivitis, among others. However, their long-term therapeutical administration is limited by major debilitating side effects, e.g., skin atrophy, osteoporosis, Addison-like adrenal insufficiency, fatty liver, and type 2 diabetes syndrome, as well as growth inhibition in children. These undesirable side effects are mostly related to GC-induced activati

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Catley, Matthew C. "Dissociated Steroids." Scientific World JOURNAL 7 (2007): 421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2007.97.

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Glucocorticoids (GCs) are some of the most important drugs in clinical use today. They are mainly used to suppress disease-related inflammation and are widely used for the treatment of many inflammatory diseases including asthma and arthritis. However, GCs are also associated with debilitating side effects that place limitations on the long-term use of these drugs. The development of a GC with reduced side effects would allow more effective treatments for patients who require long-term suppression of inflammation. GCs exert their effects by binding and activating the GC receptor (GR). The acti

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Irawan, Andri. "Potensi Cadangan dan Serapan Karbon oleh Padang Lamun di bagian Utara dan Timur Pulau Bintan." Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia 2, no. 3 (2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oldi.2017.v2i3.158.

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<strong>The Carbon Stock and Potential Uptake of Seagrass Beds in the Northern and Eastern Part of Bintan Island.</strong> Seagrass is marine plant vegetation which have large potention on reducing carbondioxide emission effects in the environment. Nevertheless, the information about this potention is still limited, so the seagrass beds are still having less attention. Therefore, in April 2016 a research has done to estimate the potential of carbon stock and uptake at two location in Bintan Island, that were in the northern part (Pengudang Village) and in the eastern part (Teluk Ba

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Ingawale, Deepa K., Satish K. Mandlik, and Snehal S. Patel. "An emphasis on molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory effects and glucocorticoid resistance." Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine 12, no. 1 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2014-0051.

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AbstractGlucocorticoids (GC) are universally accepted agents for the treatment of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive disorders. They are used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases and various inflammatory diseases such as allergy, asthma and sepsis. They bind with GC receptor (GR) and form GC–GR complex with the receptor and exert their actions. On activation the GC–GR complex up-regulates the expression of nucleus anti-inflammatory proteins called as transactivation and down-regulates the expression of cytoplasmic pro-inflammatory proteins called as transrepression. It has been observed

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Marcocci, Claudio, Torquil Watt, Maria Antonietta Altea, et al. "Fatal and non-fatal adverse events of glucocorticoid therapy for Graves' orbitopathy: a questionnaire survey among members of the European Thyroid Association." European Journal of Endocrinology 166, no. 2 (2012): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-11-0779.

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ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the side effects of glucocorticoid (GC) therapy observed by European thyroidologists during the treatment of Graves' orbitopathy (GO).DesignA questionnaire-based survey among members of the European Thyroid Association (ETA) who treat GO.ResultsA response was obtained from 128 ETA members of which 115 used GC therapy for GO. The majority of respondents (83/115, 72%) used intravenous (i.v.) GC, with a relatively wide variety of therapeutic regimens. The cumulative dose of methylprednisolone ranged between 0.5 and 12 g (median 4.5 g) for i.

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Hübner, Sabine, and Jan Tuckermann. "Molecular mechanisms of the glucocorticoid receptor in steroid therapy – lessons from transgenic mice." BioMolecular Concepts 3, no. 3 (2012): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmc-2011-0033.

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AbstractGlucocorticoids (GCs) are potent anti-inflammatory agents that are used to treat chronic inflammatory diseases, allergic conditions, and some cancers. However, their therapeutic effects are hampered by severe side effects, such as muscle weakness, insulin resistance, fat redistribution, and osteoporosis. GCs act on many cell types that express the GC receptor (GR) via several modes of action. One of them includes GR homodimers recognizing binding sequences in the DNA of gene promoters. Another mode involves the modulation of other DNA-bound transcription factors via dimer-independent m

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Li, Jia Xu, та Carolyn L. Cummins. "Disruption of Adipose Tissue Metabolism by Glucocorticoids Is Attenuated With LXRβ Antagonism". Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (2021): A821—A822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1674.

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Abstract Excessive exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs), either from endogenous overproduction of cortisol, or exogenous pharmacological GC treatment, potentiates the development of diabetes and obesity in a fat depot-specific manner. Undesirable metabolic side effects resulting from the activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) remain a key limitation to the long-term therapeutic use of GCs as immunosuppressants. GC treatment disrupts the thermogenic function of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and enhances futile cycling within white adipose tissue (WAT). Mice lacking the liver X receptors (LXRs

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Qin, Kunming, Lijuan Zheng, Hao Cai, et al. "Characterization of Chemical Composition of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Volatile Oil by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography with High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/237541.

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Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (Chenpi in Chinese) has been widely used as an herbal medicine in Korea, China, and Japan. Chenpi extracts are used to treat indigestion and inflammatory syndromes of the respiratory tract such as bronchitis and asthma. This thesis will analyze chemical compositions of Chenpi volatile oil, which was performed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-HR-TOFMS). One hundred and sixty-seven components were tentatively identified, and terpene compounds are the main components of Chenpi volatile

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Urasaki, Yasuyo, and Thuc T. Le. "Differentiation of Essential Oils Using Nanofluidic Protein Post-Translational Modification Profiling." Molecules 24, no. 13 (2019): 2383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132383.

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Current methods for the authentication of essential oils focus on analyzing their chemical composition. This study describes the use of nanofluidic protein post-translational modification (PTM) profiling to differentiate essential oils by analyzing their biochemical effects. Protein PTM profiling was used to measure the effects of four essential oils, copaiba, mandarin, Melissa, and turmeric, on the phosphorylation of MEK1, MEK2, and ERK1/2 in the MAPK signaling pathway; Akt and 4EBP1 in the pI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway; and STAT3 in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in cultured HepG2 cells. T

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Sanora, Ghea Dionita, Elly Yana Mastura, Muhammad Ongky Muji Handoyo, and Erlix Rakhmad Purnama. "Identification of Anticancer Active Compound from GC-MS Test Results of Zodia Leaves (Evodia suaveolens) Ethanol Extract." Jurnal Biota 5, no. 2 (2019): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/biota.v5i2.3374.

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Cancer is estimated to be the second leading cause of death globally in 2018. The background of the study was the prevalence of cancer in Indonesia in 2018 reaching 775.120 people. Treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and hormone therapy have negative side effects. Herbal medicine is an alternative treatment with lower side effects that can reduce the side effects of existing treatments. The aim of this study was to identify the results of GC-MS active compounds from ethanol extract of zodia leaves which have the potential as anticancer. The method of this res

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Spies, Lee-Maine L., Nicolette J. D. Verhoog, and Ann Louw. "Acquired Glucocorticoid Resistance Due to Homologous Glucocorticoid Receptor Downregulation: A Modern Look at an Age-Old Problem." Cells 10, no. 10 (2021): 2529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10102529.

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For over 70 years, the unique anti-inflammatory properties of glucocorticoids (GCs), which mediate their effects via the ligand-activated transcription factor, the glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GRα), have allowed for the use of these steroid hormones in the treatment of various autoimmune and inflammatory-linked diseases. However, aside from the onset of severe side-effects, chronic GC therapy often leads to the ligand-mediated downregulation of the GRα which, in turn, leads to a decrease in GC sensitivity, and effectively, the development of acquired GC resistance. Although the ligand-mediat

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Firdouse, Seema, Humaira Fatima Begum, and Parwez Alam. "GC–MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds Present in Marketed Herbal Formulation Pykure Capsule." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 5-s (2019): 73–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i5-s.3601.

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It is more acceptable to believe that natural remedies are safer than synthetic subjects that with fewer side effects. The global market demand was increasing due to fusion of herbs. Standardization parameters and evaluation of herbal formulation is essential in order to assess the quality of drug of therapeutic value. This study was carried out in order to determine the bioactive compounds present in the marketed herbal formulation pykure capsule by using the GC–MS instrument. The extract was prepared by using 20 capsules by removing the capsule shell with ethanol solvent by simple maceration

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Coghlan, Michael J., Peer B. Jacobson, Ben Lane, et al. "A Novel Antiinflammatory Maintains Glucocorticoid Efficacy with Reduced Side Effects." Molecular Endocrinology 17, no. 5 (2003): 860–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2002-0355.

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Abstract Glucocorticoids (GCs) are commonly used to treat inflammatory disease; unfortunately, the long-term use of these steroids leads to a large number of debilitating side effects. The antiinflammatory effects of GCs are a result of GC receptor (GR)-mediated inhibition of expression of proinflammatory genes as well as GR-mediated activation of antiinflammatory genes. Similarly, side effects are most likely due to both activated and repressed GR target genes in affected tissues. An as yet unachieved pharmaceutical goal is the development of a compound capable of separating detrimental side

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Rafacho, Alex, Henrik Ortsäter, Angel Nadal, and Ivan Quesada. "Glucocorticoid treatment and endocrine pancreas function: implications for glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance and diabetes." Journal of Endocrinology 223, no. 3 (2014): R49—R62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-14-0373.

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Glucocorticoids (GCs) are broadly prescribed for numerous pathological conditions because of their anti-inflammatory, antiallergic and immunosuppressive effects, among other actions. Nevertheless, GCs can produce undesired diabetogenic side effects through interactions with the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Under conditions of excess and/or long-term treatment, GCs can induce peripheral insulin resistance (IR) by impairing insulin signalling, which results in reduced glucose disposal and augmented endogenous glucose production. In addition, GCs can promote abdominal obesity, elevate plasm

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Kim, Duhyeon, Jinsoo Kim, Seonghui Kim, et al. "Arousal-Inducing Effect of Garcinia cambogia Peel Extract in Pentobarbital-Induced Sleep Test and Electroencephalographic Analysis." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (2021): 2845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082845.

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Caffeine, a natural stimulant, is known to be effective for weight loss. On this basis, we screened the arousal-inducing effect of five dietary supplements with a weight loss effect (Garcinia cambogia, Coleus forskohlii, Camellia sinensis L., Irvingia gabonensis, and Malus pumila M.), of which the G. cambogia peel extract (GC) showed a significant arousal-inducing effect in the pentobarbital-induced sleep test in mice. This characteristic of GC was further evaluated by analysis of electroencephalogram and electromyogram in C57L/6N mice, and it was compared to that of the positive control, caff

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Dubashynskaya, Natallia V., Anton N. Bokatyi, and Yury A. Skorik. "Dexamethasone Conjugates: Synthetic Approaches and Medical Prospects." Biomedicines 9, no. 4 (2021): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9040341.

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Dexamethasone (DEX) is the most commonly prescribed glucocorticoid (GC) and has a wide spectrum of pharmacological activity. However, steroid drugs like DEX can have severe side effects on non-target organs. One strategy to reduce these side effects is to develop targeted systems with the controlled release by conjugation to polymeric carriers. This review describes the methods available for the synthesis of DEX conjugates (carbodiimide chemistry, solid-phase synthesis, reversible addition fragmentation-chain transfer [RAFT] polymerization, click reactions, and 2-iminothiolane chemistry) and p

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Sait, Hani, and Jose M. Martiniz-Valb. "Review of energy conservations policy and alternative solutions in gulf countries." WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy 4, no. 2 (2018): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.32438/wpe.3118.

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The robust growth in population and gross domestic product (GDP) for Gulf Countries (GC) has led to negative side-effects such as power shortages and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is necessary for GC to have quick actions to preserve their energy resources and protect their environment. The current paper identifies the main energy conservation strategies that were widely adopted in GC. The efforts that were conducted by GC to manage the energy consumption and to establish the required regulations are presented. The paper also investigates possibilities for the use of alternative sourc

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Egbo, Omonigho Khalin, Olubunmi C. Adeigbe, and Onoriode Esegbue. "Geochemical Characterization of Some Biodegraded Oils from the Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria." Environmental and Earth Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 4 (2020): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/eesrj.070401.

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This study aimed to examine the compositional changes resulting from biodegradation, fathom the extent of degradation, and provide clues for interpreting the evolution and the overall effects on the quality of the oils. Ten oil samples from onshore-offshore fields were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods. GC results indicate variable loss of low molecular weight (LMW) alkanes, besides the presence of unresolved complex mixture (UCM). Saturated, aromatic, resins, and asphaltenes (SARA) compositions and low saturate/aromatic ratio confirmed evidence of

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Cheng, Mingrong, Daxi Ma, Kangkang Zhi, Baochi Liu, and Weiping Zhu. "Synthesis of Biotin-Modified Galactosylated Chitosan Nanoparticles and Their Characteristics in Vitro and in Vivo." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 50, no. 2 (2018): 569–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000494169.

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Background/Aims: Our previous study found that a nanoparticle drug delivery system that operates as a drug carrier and controlled release system not only improves the efficacy of the drugs but also reduces their side effects. However, this system could not efficiently target hepatoma cells. The aim of this study was to synthesize biotin-modified galactosylated chitosan nanoparticles (Bio-GC) and evaluate their characteristics in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Bio-GC nanomaterials were synthesized, and confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic res

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Wilkinson, Legh, Nicolette J. D. Verhoog, and Ann Louw. "Disease- and treatment-associated acquired glucocorticoid resistance." Endocrine Connections 7, no. 12 (2018): R328—R349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-18-0421.

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The development of resistance to glucocorticoids (GCs) in therapeutic regimens poses a major threat. Generally, GC resistance is congenital or acquired over time as a result of disease progression, prolonged GC treatment or, in some cases, both. Essentially, disruptions in the function and/or pool of the glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα) underlie this resistance. Many studies have detailed how alterations in GRα function lead to diminished GC sensitivity; however, the current review highlights the wealth of data concerning reductions in the GRα pool, mediated by disease-associated and treatment-

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Hou, Chao, Hua-Jian Chu, Xiao-Jun Dai, et al. "Metabolomic Study on the Therapeutic Effect of the Jianpi Yangzheng Xiaozheng Decoction on Gastric Cancer Treated with Chemotherapy Based on GC-TOFMS Analysis." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (March 17, 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8832996.

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Objective. This study aimed to find new biomarkers of prognosis and metabolomic therapy for gastric carcinoma (GC) treated with chemotherapy and investigate the metabolic mechanism of the Jianpi Yangzheng Xiaozheng (JPYZXZ) decoction in the treatment of GC. Methods. First, 36 patients with GC were randomly assigned to the treatment (chemotherapy plus JPYZXZ) and control (chemotherapy alone) groups. The clinical efficacy, side effects, and quality of life of patients in the two groups were evaluated after treatment. Then, the serum samples taken from 16 randomly selected patients (eight treatme

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Jonasson, Sofia, Göran Hedenstierna, and Josephine Hjoberg. "Concomitant administration of nitric oxide and glucocorticoids improves protection against bronchoconstriction in a murine model of asthma." Journal of Applied Physiology 109, no. 2 (2010): 521–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01317.2009.

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Glucocorticoids (GC) remain the first choice of treatment in asthma, but GC therapy is not always effective and is associated with side effects. In a porcine study in our laboratory, simultaneous administration of GC and nitric oxide (NO) attenuated the endotoxin-induced inflammatory response and made GC treatment more effective than inhaled NO or steroids alone. In the present study, we aimed to further investigate the interactions between NO and GC treatment in two murine models of asthma. Inflammation was induced by endotoxin, ovalbumin, or a combination of both. With an animal ventilator a

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Beck, Ilse M. E., Wim Vanden Berghe, Linda Vermeulen, Keith R. Yamamoto, Guy Haegeman, and Karolien De Bosscher. "Crosstalk in Inflammation: The Interplay of Glucocorticoid Receptor-Based Mechanisms and Kinases and Phosphatases." Endocrine Reviews 30, no. 7 (2009): 830–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/er.2009-0013.

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Abstract Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroidal ligands for the GC receptor (GR), which can function as a ligand-activated transcription factor. These steroidal ligands and derivatives thereof are the first line of treatment in a vast array of inflammatory diseases. However, due to the general surge of side effects associated with long-term use of GCs and the potential problem of GC resistance in some patients, the scientific world continues to search for a better understanding of the GC-mediated antiinflammatory mechanisms. The reversible phosphomodification of various mediators in the inflammat

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Morgan, Stuart A., Zaki K. Hassan-Smith, and Gareth G. Lavery. "MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Tissue-specific activation of cortisol in Cushing’s syndrome." European Journal of Endocrinology 175, no. 2 (2016): R81—R87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-15-1237.

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Glucocorticoids are widely prescribed for their anti-inflammatory properties, but have ‘Cushingoid’ side effects including visceral obesity, muscle myopathy, hypertension, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, and hepatic steatosis. These features are replicated in patients with much rarer endogenous glucocorticoid (GC) excess (Cushing’s syndrome), which has devastating consequences if left untreated. Current medical therapeutic options that reverse the tissue-specific consequences of hypercortisolism are limited. In this article, we review the current evidence that local

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Bruggeman, Jan Willem, Naoko Irie, Paul Lodder, Ans M. M. van Pelt, Jan Koster, and Geert Hamer. "Tumors Widely Express Hundreds of Embryonic Germline Genes." Cancers 12, no. 12 (2020): 3812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123812.

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We have recently described a class of 756 genes that are widely expressed in cancers, but are normally restricted to adult germ cells, referred to as germ cell cancer genes (GC genes). We hypothesized that carcinogenesis involves the reactivation of biomolecular processes and regulatory mechanisms that, under normal circumstances, are restricted to germline development. This would imply that cancer cells share gene expression profiles with primordial germ cells (PGCs). We therefore compared the transcriptomes of human PGCs (hPGCs) and PGC-like cells (PGCLCs) with 17,382 samples from 54 healthy

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Xiu, Linlin, Gansheng Zhong, Dianna Liu, Shaohong Chen, Haiyan Liu, and Feng Chen. "Comparative Efficacy and Toxicity of Different Species of Sargassum in Haizao Yuhu Decoction in PTU-Induced Goiter Rats." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3526186.

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Background. Haizao Yuhu Decoction has been widely used to treat thyroid-related diseases especially goiter with few side effects in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), including herb pair Sargassum (HZ) and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (GC), as one of “eighteen antagonistic medicaments.” The two different species of Sargassum, Sargassum fusiforme (Sf) and Sargassum pallidum (Sp), are not clearly differentiated in clinical use, so that herb pair Sf-GC and Sp-GC could show different effect and toxicity. Methods. We investigated the antigoitrous effect and toxicity and clarified the potential un

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Flammer, Jamie R., and Inez Rogatsky. "Minireview: Glucocorticoids in Autoimmunity: Unexpected Targets and Mechanisms." Molecular Endocrinology 25, no. 7 (2011): 1075–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2011-0068.

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Abstract For decades, natural and synthetic glucocorticoids (GC) have been among the most commonly prescribed classes of immunomodulatory drugs. Their unsurpassed immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory activity along with cost-effectiveness makes these compounds a treatment of choice for the majority of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, despite serious side effects that frequently accompany GC therapy. The activated GC receptor (GR) that conveys the signaling information of these steroid ligands to the transcriptional machinery engages a number of pathways to ultimately suppress autoimmune

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Ma, Xinran, Lingyan Xu, and Elisabetta Mueller. "Forkhead box A3 mediates glucocorticoid receptor function in adipose tissue." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 12 (2016): 3377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1601281113.

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Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely prescribed anti-inflammatory agents, but their chronic use leads to undesirable side effects such as excessive expansion of adipose tissue. We have recently shown that the forkhead box protein A3 (Foxa3) is a calorie-hoarding factor that regulates the selective enlargement of epididymal fat depots and suppresses energy expenditure in a nutritional- and age-dependent manner. It has been demonstrated that Foxa3 levels are elevated in adipose depots in response to high-fat diet regimens and during the aging process; however no studies to date have elucidated the m

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Nowotny, Hanna, S. Faisal Ahmed, Sophie Bensing, et al. "Therapy options for adrenal insufficiency and recommendations for the management of adrenal crisis." Endocrine 71, no. 3 (2021): 586–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12020-021-02649-6.

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AbstractAdrenal insufficiency (AI) is a life-threatening condition requiring life-long glucocorticoid (GC) substitution therapy, as well as stress adaptation to prevent adrenal crises. The number of individuals with primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency in Europe is estimated to be 20–50/100.000. A growing number of AI cases are due to side effects of GC treatment used in different treatment strategies for cancer and to immunotherapy in cancer treatment. The benefit of hormone replacement therapy is evident but long-term adverse effects may arise due to the non-physiological GC doses and

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Sharma, Akshay, Elisa Akagi, Aji Njie, et al. "Acute Hepatitis due to Garcinia Cambogia Extract, an Herbal Weight Loss Supplement." Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine 2018 (July 26, 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9606171.

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The Drug Induced Liver Injury Network reports dietary supplements as one of the most important causes of drug induced hepatotoxicity, yet millions of people use these supplements without being aware of their potential life-threatening side effects. Garcinia cambogia (GC) extract is an herbal weight loss supplement, reported to cause fulminant hepatic failure. We present a case of a 57-year-old female with no previous history of liver disease, who presented with acute hepatitis due to GC extract taken for weight loss, which resolved after stopping it and got reaggravated on retaking it. Obtaini

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Ekowati, Heny, Eka Prasasti, and Undri Rastuti. "THE ACTIVE FRACTION FROM Nigella sativa AND ITS ACTIVITY AGAINST T47D CELL LINE." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 11, no. 3 (2011): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21383.

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Breast cancer is one of the main causes of death in women. Cancer treatment with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiology often cause undesirable side effects. Therefore, alternative cancer treatment by using plants as traditional medicine was expected to reduce side effects. Nigella sativa is one of the plants used as anticancer empirically. This study conducted to examine the cytotoxic activity of Nigella sativa seeds and identify its components on T47D breast cancer cells. Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol were used to extract N. sativa seeds. The extracts were tested thei

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Zhidkova, Ekaterina M., Evgeniya S. Lylova, Alena V. Savinkova, et al. "A Brief Overview of the Paradoxical Role of Glucocorticoids in Breast Cancer." Breast Cancer: Basic and Clinical Research 14 (January 2020): 117822342097466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178223420974667.

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Glucocorticoids (GCs) are stress hormones that play multiple roles in the regulation of cancer cell differentiation, apoptosis, and proliferation. Some types of cancers, such as hematological malignancies, can be effectively treated by GCs, whereas the responses of epithelial cancers to GC treatment vary, even within cancer subtypes. In particular, GCs are frequently used as supporting treatment of breast cancer (BC) to protect against chemotherapy side effects. In the therapy of nonaggressive luminal subtypes of BC, GCs can have auxiliary antitumor effects due to their cytotoxic actions on ca

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Beaupere, Carine, Alexandrine Liboz, Bruno Fève, Bertrand Blondeau, and Ghislaine Guillemain. "Molecular Mechanisms of Glucocorticoid-Induced Insulin Resistance." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2 (2021): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020623.

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Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroids secreted by the adrenal cortex under the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis control, one of the major neuro-endocrine systems of the organism. These hormones are involved in tissue repair, immune stability, and metabolic processes, such as the regulation of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. Globally, GCs are presented as ‘flight and fight’ hormones and, in that purpose, they are catabolic hormones required to mobilize storage to provide energy for the organism. If acute GC secretion allows fast metabolic adaptations to respond to danger, stress, o

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Beaupere, Carine, Alexandrine Liboz, Bruno Fève, Bertrand Blondeau, and Ghislaine Guillemain. "Molecular Mechanisms of Glucocorticoid-Induced Insulin Resistance." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2 (2021): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020623.

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Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroids secreted by the adrenal cortex under the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis control, one of the major neuro-endocrine systems of the organism. These hormones are involved in tissue repair, immune stability, and metabolic processes, such as the regulation of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. Globally, GCs are presented as ‘flight and fight’ hormones and, in that purpose, they are catabolic hormones required to mobilize storage to provide energy for the organism. If acute GC secretion allows fast metabolic adaptations to respond to danger, stress, o

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Cochino, Alexis-Virgil, Sigrid Covaci, and Oana-Maria Farkas. "STEROID-INDUCED PEDIATRIC DIABETES MELLITUS – LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE REPORT." Romanian Journal of Rheumatology 25, no. 3 (2016): 160–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjr.2016.3.10.

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Glucocorticoids (GCs), one of the principal drug classes used in rheumatology, are known for their fast onset and powerful action, but also for their multiple adverse effects, the most feared ones being osteoporosis, steroidinduced diabetes (SID), cardiovascular diseases and, in children, the decrease of linear growth rate. Due to data scarcity, most SID treatment recommendations are not evidence-based. Using the minimum dose and shortest possible treatment are preventive measures generally recommended, which are frequently not followed, due to fear of GC-sparing immunosuppressive agents’ side

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Bamberger, Christoph M., Tobias Else, Ana-Maria Bamberger, Frank Ulrich Beil, and Heinrich M. Schulte. "Dissociative Glucocorticoid Activity of Medroxyprogesterone Acetate in Normal Human Lymphocytes1." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 84, no. 11 (1999): 4055–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.84.11.6091.

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The immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids (GC) have led to their wide application in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune states. However, long term GC treatment is associated with severe side-effects. The development of agents displaying a more favorable ratio of wanted and unwanted GC effects, is, therefore, a major goal of pharmacological and clinical research. In this study, the progesterone receptor agonist medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), which also binds to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), was tested with regard to its immunosuppressive properties. Using a recently est

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Makino, Toshihiko. "1.55 μm High Speed Partly Gain-Coupled DFB Lasers with Periodically Etched Strained-Layer Quantum Wells". International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 08, № 03 (1997): 475–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156497000172.

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The high speed performance of partly gain-coupled (GC) DFB lasers consisting of periodically etched strained-layer quantum wells (QW's) is reviewed with comparisons to the equivalent index-coupled (IC) DFB lasers with the same active layers. It is shown that the GC DFB laser has a –3 dB modulation bandwidth of 22 GHz at 10 mW with a stable single mode oscillation at the longer side of the Bragg Stop-band due to in-phase gain coupling. A theoretical analysis is also presented based on the local-normal-mode transfer-matrix laser model which takes into account both the longitudinal distribution o

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Xu, Xiaoyu, Si Shan, Wenlei Wang, and Hongning Liu. "Analysis of the Components in Moxa Smoke by GC-MS and Preliminary Discussion on Its Toxicity and Side Effects." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (October 31, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2648759.

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Moxibustion plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of diseases and the promotion of human health. In this study, the components in moxa smoke from Jiangxi Poai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., namely, Qing moxa sticks, were absorbed by five solvents (cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, anhydrous ethanol, and water) and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The identification results of the smoke from the Qing moxa sticks that was absorbed in liquid are as follows: a total of 294 compounds were identified, including 139 in cyclohexane, 145 in ethyl acetate, 60 in n-but

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Elsharkawy, Eman, Mona Elshathely, Gehad Abdel Jaleel, and Haya Ibrahim Al-Johar. "Anti-inflammatory effects of medicinal plants mixture used by Bedouin people in Saudi Arabia." Herba Polonica 59, no. 3 (2013): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hepo-2013-0018.

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Abstract Due to toxic and adverse side effects of synthetic drugs, traditional herbal medicine has the potential as a source of new bioactive molecules. That is why we investigated this research, searching new anti-inflammatory drugs from plants growing around us. The anti-inflammatory effect of the mixture of different plants used in traditional medicine (Alkanna tinctoria, Rubia tinctorum and Artemisia herba alba) were studied using carrageenan-induced paw edema (oil mixture extract 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg). These material reduces carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats and shows inhibition

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Figueroa-Protti, Lucía, Rebeca Soto-Molinari, Melany Calderón-Osorno, Javier Mora, and Warner Alpízar-Alpízar. "Gastric Cancer in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Blockade." Journal of Oncology 2019 (September 24, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1079710.

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Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most important malignancies worldwide because of its high incidence and mortality. The very low survival rates are mainly related to late diagnosis and limited treatment options. GC is the final clinical outcome of a stepwise process that starts with a chronic and sustained inflammatory reaction mounted in response to Helicobacter pylori infection. The bacterium modulates innate and adaptive immunity presumably as part of the strategies to survive, which favors the creation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment that ultimately facilitates GC progression. T-

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Dewi, Ni Made Amelia Ratnata. "APLIKASI ANALISIS KIMIA KUANTITATIF UNTUK PEMANTAUAN KADAR OBAT (THEURAPETIC DRUGS MONITORING)." AMINA 1, no. 1 (2019): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/amina.v1i1.8.

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Theurapetic drugs monitoring (TDM) is used to adjust individual drug therapy. TDM purpose is to maximize the therapeutic effect and reduce the side or toxic effects of the drug. In general, TDM includes sample preparation, conducting drug analysis and interpreting the concentration of the drug. The development of analytical techniques resulted in the determination of pharmacokinetic characters by measuring drug concentrations in the blood more easily. Drug analysis can be done by spectrophotometric, chromatographic or immunoassay methods. Immunoassay could provide fast results and easy to use,

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Cappetta, Donato, Oxana Bereshchenko, Eleonora Cianflone, et al. "Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ) in Cardiovascular Health and Disease." Cells 10, no. 8 (2021): 2155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10082155.

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Glucocorticoids (GCs) are essential in regulating functions and homeostasis in many biological systems and are extensively used to treat a variety of conditions associated with immune/inflammatory processes. GCs are among the most powerful drugs for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, but their long-term usage is limited by severe adverse effects. For this reason, to envision new therapies devoid of typical GC side effects, research has focused on expanding the knowledge of cellular and molecular effects of GCs. GC-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is a GC-target protein shown t

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Visser, Koch, Carine Smith, and Ann Louw. "Interplay of the Inflammatory and Stress Systems in a Hepatic Cell Line: Interactions between Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists and Interleukin-6." Endocrinology 151, no. 11 (2010): 5279–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-0368.

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The liver plays an important role in inflammation and stress by producing the acute phase proteins (APPs) required for resolution of inflammation as well as by delivering systemic glucose, through gluconeogenesis, required to fuel the stress response. Disruption of the interplay between interleukin 6 (IL-6) and glucocorticoids (GCs), the peripheral mediators of inflammation and stress, respectively, may lead to side-effects associated with the pharmacological use of GCs. The current study investigated the interplay between IL-6 and GCs in a hepatoma cell line (BWTG3) at protein (protein activi

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Alidadi-Shamsabadi, Marzie, Ahmad Arefazar, and Shirin Shokoohi. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GLYCIDYL METHACRYLATE–GRAFTED EPDM THROUGH MELT FREE-RADICAL PROCESS." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 93, no. 1 (2020): 222–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.19.80447.

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ABSTRACT Melt free-radical grafting reactions between EPDM and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) were investigated in the presence or absence of styrene (St) comonomer in a batch mixer (170 °C, 60 rpm). The effects of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) initiator, GMA, and St concentrations were studied on the grafted EPDM characteristics. Torque–time profiles detected the grafting process by a melt viscosity rise. Titration results indicated an increase in the graft degree (GD) and gel content (GC) values with increasing of the DCP concentration. Introduction of St led to a 132% increase in GD and a 39% decreas

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Quartuccio, L., M. Isola, D. Bruno, et al. "FRI0216 STEROID SPARING EFFECT, LOWER INCIDENCE OF DISEASE RELAPSE AND DIABETES IN GIANT CELL ARTERITIS TREATED WITH IMMUNOSUPPRESSORS AB INITIO OR VERY EARLY: A MULTICENTER RETROSPECTIVE CASE-CONTROL STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (2020): 691.2–692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.3085.

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Background:Glucocorticoids (GC) are associated with serious side effects in giant cell arteritis (GCA). Immunosuppressive therapies (IT) gave conflicting results in GCA, regarding GC sparing effect. Recently, tocilizumab by blocking IL-6, has been licensed as first biologic treatment for GCA, being clinically effective and saving GC (1).Objectives:To evaluate the usefulness of IT for GCA in: 1) minimizing the rate of GC-induced adverse events (AEs) and 2) reducing the risk of relapse.Methods:A multicenter retrospective case-control study included 165 GCA was performed. The first group of patie

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De, Priyanka, Sreerupa Ghose Roy, Dipak Kar, and Arun Bandyopadhyay. "Excess of glucocorticoid induces myocardial remodeling and alteration of calcium signaling in cardiomyocytes." Journal of Endocrinology 209, no. 1 (2011): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-10-0431.

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Ventricular dysfunction is one of the important side effects of the anti-inflammatory agent, glucocorticoid (GC). The present study was undertaken to examine whether abnormal calcium signaling is responsible for cardiac dysfunction due to an excess of GC hormone. The synthetic GC drug, dexamethasone (DEX), significantly (P<0.001, n=20) increased heart weight to body weight ratio, left ventricular remodeling, and fibrosis. The microarray analysis showed altered expression of several genes encoding calcium cycling/ion channel proteins in DEX-treated rat heart. The altered expression of some o

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Liu, Wei, Yongchao Zhu, Fan Wang, et al. "Galactosylated chitosan-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles for efficient colon cancer cell-targeted drug delivery." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 12 (2018): 181027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181027.

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Targeted drug delivery to colon cancer cells can significantly enhance the therapeutic efficiency. Herein, we developed 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-loaded amino-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN-NH 2 )-based galactosylated chitosans (GCs), which are galactose receptor-mediated materials for colon-specific drug delivery systems. Both unmodified and functionalized nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen sorption and dynamic light scattering. Drug loading cap

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Huang, Liuye, Yuan Yang, Yu Kuang, et al. "The Impact of T Cell Vaccination in Alleviating and Regulating Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Manifestation." Journal of Immunology Research 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5183686.

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Objective. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease identified by a plethora of production of autoantibodies. Autoreactive T cells may play an important role in the process. Attenuated T cell vaccination (TCV) has proven to benefit some autoimmune diseases by deleting or suppressing pathogenic T cells. However, clinical evidence for TCV in SLE is still limited. Therefore, this self-controlled study concentrates on the clinical effects of TCV on SLE patients. Methods. 16 patients were enrolled in the study; they accepted TCV regularly. SLEDAI, clinical symptoms, blood paramet

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Grønberg, Bjørn Henning, Sveinung Sørhaug, Harald Harris Hjelde, Guro Birgitte Stene, and Tore Amundsen. "Variation in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) during chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (2013): 9562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.9562.

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9562 Background: Physicians might overestimate benefits and underestimate toxicity of cancer therapy. Thus, patient reported HRQoL is an important part of evaluating treatment effect and assessing side effects. HRQoL is commonly reported once per chemotherapy cycle and just prior to administration of the next course (day 0). Several studies have not detected differences in HRQoL despite differences in physician-observed toxicity. We hypothesized that HRQoL varies during chemotherapy cycles; that side effects are most pronounced the first week after chemotherapy administration; and that repeate

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