Relevant bibliographies by topics / GCS- Glascow Coma Scale

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Academic literature on the topic 'GCS- Glascow Coma Scale'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "GCS- Glascow Coma Scale"

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Maserati, Megan, Anita Fetzick, and Ava Puccio. "The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)." Journal of Neuroscience Nursing 48, no. 6 (December 2016): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jnn.0000000000000242.

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Setyaningrum, Niken, Nila Titis Asrining Tyas, and Agnes Destika Swacahaya Wati. "THE EFFECT OF NATURE SOUNDS MUSIC THERAPY ON THE GLASGOW COMA SCALE ON STROKE PATIENTS." Jurnal Manajemen Asuhan Keperawatan 3, no. 2 (July 15, 2019): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33655/mak.v3i2.67.

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Latar Belakang: Definisi stroke adalah disfungsi neurologis akut yang disebabkan oleh gangguan aliran darah yang timbul secara tiba-tiba, sehingga suplai darah ke otak terganggu. Di Indonesia 1 dari 7 orang meninggal karena stroke. Insiden stroke adalah 12,1 per 1.000 orang Indonesia. Terapi musik alami adalah salah satu jenis terapi non-farmakologis yang dapat meningkatkan nilai GCS. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisa efek terapi musik suara alam pada skala koma glascow pada pasien stroke. Metode: Sebuah studi pre eksperimen kuantitatif tanpa kelompok kontrol. Sampel penelitian adalah 35 pasien stroke non hemoragik. Sampel akan mendapatkan terapi musik suara alam selama 3 hari dengan durasi 20 menit dengan volume 50% atau 60dB. Data akan dianalisis menggunakan uji wilcoxon. Hasil: Hasil tes wilcoxon adalah p = 0,000. Artinya, terapi musik suara alam memberi efek pada glascow coma scale pasien stroke. Kesimpulan: Terapi musik suara alam dapat meningkatkan GCS pada pasien stroke.
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AL-Quraan, Hamza, and Mohannad AbuRuz. "Simplifying Glasgow Coma Scale Use for Nurses." International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies 4, no. 2 (July 4, 2015): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijans.v4i2.4639.

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<p>Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was introduced in 1974 as a tool to standardize the assessment of the level of consciousness of patients. Since it was introduced and used, GCS was considered to be the gold standard method for this purpose. Despite plenty of strengths GCS has (i.e. objectivity and easy communication on the results between the health care providers); GCS was considered to be ambiguous and confusing for nurses and infrequent users. Moreover, lack of knowledge and training about GCS might affect the accuracy and inter-rater reliability among health care professionals. The purpose of this paper was to simplify the use of GCS step by step for the beginner health care professionals.</p><p>This literature review was done by searching the following search engines: Pubmed, Midline, CINHAL, Ebsco host, and Google Scholar for the key words of: Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), flow chart, nurses, and consciousness.Types of articles included: original research, literature review and meta-analysis. This review included the following sections:</p><p>1) Definition of the related concepts</p><p>2) The historical development of the GCS</p><p>3) How to score the GCS</p><p>4) Recommendation for clinical settings, and</p><p>5) Conclusion</p>
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Bledsoe, Bryan E., Michael J. Casey, Jay Feldman, Larry Johnson, Scott Diel, Wes Forred, and Codee Gorman. "Glasgow Coma Scale Scoring is Often Inaccurate." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 30, no. 1 (December 9, 2014): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x14001289.

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AbstractIntroductionThe Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is widely applied in the emergency setting; it is used to guide trauma triage and for the application of essential interventions such as endotracheal intubation. However, inter-rater reliability of GCS scoring has been shown to be low for inexperienced users, especially for the motor component. Concerns regarding the accuracy and validity of GCS scoring between various types of emergency care providers have been expressed.Hypothesis/ProblemThe objective of this study was to determine the degree of accuracy of GCS scoring between various emergency care providers within a modern Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of the accuracy of GCS scoring using a convenience sample of various types of emergency medical providers using standardized video vignettes. Ten video vignettes using adults were prepared and scored by two board-certified neurologists. Inter-rater reliability was excellent (Cohen's κ = 1). Subjects viewed the video and then scored each scenario. The scoring of subjects was compared to expert scoring of the two board-certified neurologists.ResultsA total of 217 emergency providers watched 10 video vignettes and provided 2,084 observations of GCS scoring. Overall total GCS scoring accuracy was 33.1% (95% CI, 30.2-36.0). The highest accuracy was observed on the verbal component of the GCS (69.2%; 95% CI, 67.8-70.4). The eye-opening component was the second most accurate (61.2%; 95% CI, 59.5-62.9). The least accurate component was the motor component (59.8%; 95% CI, 58.1-61.5). A small number of subjects (9.2%) assigned GCS scores that do not exist in the GCS scoring system.ConclusionsGlasgow Coma Scale scoring should not be considered accurate. A more simplified scoring system should be developed and validated.BledsoeBE, CaseyMJ, FeldmanJ, JohnsonL, DielS, ForredW, GormanC. Glasgow Coma Scale scoring is often inaccurate. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(1):1-8.
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Bordini, Ana Luisa, Thiago F. Luiz, Maurício Fernandes, Walter O. Arruda, and Hélio A. G. Teive. "Coma scales: a historical review." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 68, no. 6 (December 2010): 930–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2010000600019.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe the most important coma scales developed in the last fifty years. METHOD: A review of the literature between 1969 and 2009 in the Medline and Scielo databases was carried out using the following keywords: coma scales, coma, disorders of consciousness, coma score and levels of coma. RESULTS: Five main scales were found in chronological order: the Jouvet coma scale, the Moscow coma scale, the Glasgow coma scale (GCS), the Bozza-Marrubini scale and the FOUR score (Full Outline of UnResponsiveness), as well as other scales that have had less impact and are rarely used outside their country of origin. DISCUSSION: Of the five main scales, the GCS is by far the most widely used. It is easy to apply and very suitable for cases of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, it has shortcomings, such as the fact that the speech component in intubated patients cannot be tested. While the Jouvet scale is quite sensitive, particularly for levels of consciousness closer to normal levels, it is difficult to use. The Moscow scale has good predictive value but is little used by the medical community. The FOUR score is easy to apply and provides more neurological details than the Glasgow scale.
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Starmark, Jan-Erik, Daniel Stålhammar, Eddy Holmgren, and Björn Rosander. "A comparison of the Glasgow Coma Scale and the Reaction Level Scale (RLS85)." Journal of Neurosurgery 69, no. 5 (November 1988): 699–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1988.69.5.0699.

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✓ The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the Reaction Level Scale (RLS85) were compared for rating neurosurgical patients in regard to ranking order of deficit severity, interobserver variability, and coverage for relevant factors. Four physicians, four registered nurses, and four assistant nurses performed 72 pairwise ratings on 47 neurosurgical patients. The rank correlation between the GCS sum score and the RLS85 was −0.94, suggesting the same ranking order of severity and indicating that the underlying concepts of somnolence, delirium, and motor responses in coma are evaluated in the same way. By the sign test, the RLS85 was shown to have better interobserver agreement than the GCS sum score and the eye-motor-verbal (EMV) profile. The interobserver grading disagreements in both scales were distributed over the entire range of responsiveness, and for the GCS sum score they were slanted to combined segments 9 to 15. The RLS85 showed full coverage of relevant factors, while 43 (60%) of the 72 test occasions in the GCS sum score and the EMV profiles showed untestable features, most often because of patient intubation. The pseudoscore (that is, the choice of value given to untestable features) affects interobserver agreement as well as the estimated overall patient responsiveness in the GCS sum score. Assessment by the order of applying the scales showed a significant effect on the GCS eye-opening scale (p = 0.01) and the GCS sum score (p = 0.03), indicating a sensitivity to environmental stimuli unrelated to the patient's status. This study demonstrates that basically the same information as that found in the separate eye, motor, and verbal scales of the GCS can be combined directly into the RLS85, which has better interobserver agreement and better coverage than the GCS sum score.
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Rudini, Dini. "Efektifitas Antara Alat Ukur Coma Recovery Scale – Revised (Crs-R), Full Outline Unresponsiveness (Four) Score, dan Glasgow Coma Scale (Gcs) Dalam Menilai Tingkat Kesadaran Pasien di Unit Perawatan Intensif RSUD Raden Mattaher Jambi." Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Terapan Universitas Jambi|JIITUJ| 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jiituj.v2i1.5653.

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Penilaian kesadaran penting dilakukan pada pasien yang mengalami penurunan kesadaran pada pasien di ICU, hal ini bertujuan untuk memperkirakan prognosis pada seorang pasien. Penentuan prognosis pasien di unit perawatan intensive merupakan suatu hal yang perlu diperhatikan. Jika terjadi kesalahan dalam menentukan prognosis maka dapat mengakibatkan kesalahan dalam pemberian terapi, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan pengobatan penyakit, berdasarkan studi meta - analysis terdapat tiga alat ukur yang paling baik diantara alat-alat ukur lainnya yang digunakan untuk menilai tingkat kesadaran yaitu Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), The Full Outline UnResponsiveness (FOUR) Score, Coma Recovery Scale - Revised (CRS-R). Ketiga alat ukur ini telah tervalidasi dan telah digunakan di beberapa rumah sakit oleh tenaga kesehatan. Dengan memperhatikan hal-hal tersebut, maka peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian di RSUD Raden Mattaher Jambi untuk melihat efektifitas antara alat ukur Coma Recovery Scale – Revised (CRS-R), Full Outline UnResponsiveness (FOUR) score, dan Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)dalam menilai tingkat kesadaran pasien di unit perawatan intensif RSUD Raden Mattaher Jambi Tahun. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah penelitian studi perbandingan (comparative) dimana penelitian ini tidak memberikan perlakuan kepada subjek penelitian, penelitian ini hanya akan membandingkan 3 instrument pengkajian tingkat kesadaran. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah longitudinall, yaitu pengamatan tidak hanya dilakukan sekali. Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan consecutive sampling. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tiga instrument skala yaitu Coma Recovery Scale – Revised (CRS-R), Full Outline UnResponsiveness (FOUR) score, dan Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji beda.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dari 76 responden dengan penurunan kesadaran Ada perbedaan validitas dan reliabilitas antara alat ukur Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) dan Coma Recovery Scale – Revised (CRS-R) dalam menilai tingkat kesadaran pasien di Unit Perawatan Intensive RSUD Raden Mattaher Jambi tahun 2017 terdapat satu komponen pada alat ukur GCS yaitu respon verbal yang memiliki nilai kesepakatan antar penenliti yang moderate dan terdapat dua komponen dalam alat ukur CRS-R yaitu skala fungsi oromotor/verbal dan skala fungsi komunikasi yang memiliki nilai kesepakatan antar peneliti yang baik.
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Nining Indrawati, Christin Novita Kupa, Era Marthanti Putri, Lona Lorenza Lesimanuaya, Veronica Evi Alviolita, and Viky Septiani. "KOMPARASI GLASGOW COMA SCALE (GCS) DAN FULL OUTLINE OF UNRESPONSIVENESS (FOUR) UNTUK MENILAI MORTALITAS PADA PASIEN CEDERA KEPALA DI AREA PERAWATAN KRITIS: LITERATUR REVIEW." Journal of Health (JoH) 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30590/joh.v8i1.213.

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Abstrak Latar Belakang: Cedera kepala merupakan penyakit kritis yang membutuhkan perawatan khusus di ruang intermediate care di Rumah Sakit. Pasien cedera kepala bisa mengalami perubahan kondisi yaitu penurunan kesadaran. Perubahan kondisi ini akan mempengaruhi prognosis dan mortalitas pasien, sehingga pada area perawatan kritis membutuhkan skala pengukuran yang tepat diantaranya Glascow Koma Scale (GCS) dan Full Outline of Un Responding (FOUR) untuk menilai tingkat kesadaran. Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi pengukuran tingkat kesadaran menggunakan GCS dan FOUR untuk menilai mortalitas pada pasien cedera kepala di area perawatan kritis. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode literature review dengan menelaah sebelas jurnal dari Portal Garuda, EBSCO, PROQUEST, CANGAGE dan DOAJ yang dipublikasikan dari tahun 2010 sampai dengan tahun 2020. Hasil: menunjukkan GCS dan FOUR dapat digunakan dalam memprediksi mortalitas pasien cedera kepala di ruang perawatan kritis. Kesimpulan: GCS dan FOUR merupakan alat ukur yang efektif untuk menilai mortalitas pada pasien cedera kepala, tetapi pada pasien dengan intubasi akan lebih tepat menggunakan FOUR. Kata Kunci: GCS, FOUR, Mortalitas, Cedera Kepala
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Starmark, Jan-Erik, Eddy Holmgren, and Daniel Stålhammar. "Current reporting of responsiveness in acute cerebral disorders." Journal of Neurosurgery 69, no. 5 (November 1988): 692–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1988.69.5.0692.

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✓ One hundred sixty-six papers published in seven neurosurgical journals from 1983 through 1985 have been surveyed to determine the methods used for assessment of overall patient responsiveness in acute cerebral disorders (coma grading). Fifty-one different coma scales or modifications were found. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) sum score (that is, the sum of the scores of the individual eye, verbal, and motor scales) dominated (54%), and was used in 73 (76%) of 96 of the head-injury studies; in 56 (77%) of these 73 studies it was the single method of grading neurological status. The GCS sum score was used in 16 (23%) of 70 studies in patients with other etiologies. The Hunt and Hess scale was used in 26 (57%) of 46 reports of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. In 31 (55%) of the 56 studies of head injuries using the GCS alone, it was not obvious if the 12- or 13-grade scale was used. In 13 studies (23%) no reference to methodological investigations was made. In 44 papers (79%) the handling of untestable features, such as intubation or swollen eyes, was not reported. In the 56 studies using the GCS alone, coma was defined in many different ways and in 22 studies the definition of coma was not specified. In 63% of reports, the GCS sum score scale was combined in one to five groups of scores and this was done in 32 different ways. No information was available to describe the procedure of data aggregation or the reliability of the 13-grade GCS sum score. The lack of standardization makes it unnecessarily difficult to perform valid comparisons between different series of patients. Since the GCS sum score is the most widely used scale, it is suggested that the reporting of the GCS sum score should be standardized regarding pseudoscoring, coma definition, and use of combined scores. Further studies on the reliability of the GCS sum score are needed.
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Reddy, A. Manikanteswara, G. Sreedhar, and Gangadhar B. Belavadi. "Correlation of risk factors with Glasgow coma scale to predict the severity and outcome of children with non-traumatic coma." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 4 (June 27, 2019): 1524. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20192749.

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Background: Non-traumatic coma is the problem of pediatric group, accounts 10-15% in hospital admissions. Assessment of the severity of coma is useful to speculate the survival. The aim was to assess outcome in pediatric non-traumatic coma with role of Glasgow coma scale and modified Glasgow coma scale.Methods: Total of 80 cases of non-traumatic coma between 1 month to 12 years, coma severity was assessed by using Glasgow coma scale. A score of less than 8 and more than 8 were used for analysis of outcome.Results: The maximum number of patents with non-traumatic coma were in the age group of 1 month-5 years, 40 children (50%). On neurological examination 42 (52.5%) children has GCS score of >8, 38 cases (47.5%) has GCS <8, 20 children had meningeal signs, 7 children had cranial nerve deficit (7th nerve), 9 children had decebrate posture. Out of 80 cases, 8 cases expired (10%), 4 cases were discharged against medical advice (4%), 68 cases were improved and discharged (85%), among these, 8 cases were discharged with complication (11.7%). Overall mortality was (10%) (8/80), males outnumbered females in frequency with ratio of 1.28:1. CNS infection accounted for almost about 66%.Conclusions: Children with GCS and MGCS scores of less than 8 have poor prognosis and a very high probability of death. Those with GCS score of more than 8 have good prognosis. Identification of these cases at the outset can help prepare the treating physician to plan critical care referral and to give a preliminary assessment of outcome to the family.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "GCS- Glascow Coma Scale"

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Åbergh, Camilla, and Marie Eriksson. "Inhalationssedering på CIVA : en retrospektiv beskrivning." Thesis, Röda Korsets Högskola, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-102.

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Bakgrund: Patienter som ventilatorvårdas på intensivvårdsavdelning behöver ofta någon form av lätt sömn (sedering) för att tolerera endotrachealtuben och ventilatorbehandling. De traditionella intravenösa läkemedel som ges har lång halveringstid och det är stor risk för kvardröjande effekter. Syfte: Denna pilotstudie syftar till att studera sederingsdjupet enligt MAAS hos de patienter som blivit sederade med inhalationsgas, kontrollera vakenhetsgraden enligt GCS hos dessa patienter efter avslutad sedering, samt beskriva vilka patientgrupperna är som fått inhalationssedering. Metod: Journalgranskning där resultatet har analyserats och kategoriserats, därefter har en sambandsanalys gjorts. Resultat: I resultatet identifierades 3 patientkategorier som fått isofluransedering: patienter med hotad luftväg som förväntats behöva kort sederingstid och snabb väckning, patienter som var svåra att sedera optimalt med intravenös metod samt patienter med organsvikt där risk för ackumulation och/ eller förlängd elimination av läkemedel förelåg. Något samband mellan MAAS 12 timmar före extubation och GCS- värde efter väckning hos de 14 patienter som ingick i studien har inte kunna styrkas. Konklusion: Inhalationssedering med isofluran förefaller vara en effektiv sederingsmetod när en lättstyrd sederingssituation med möjlighet till snabb väckning prioriteras, samt när man strävar efter att patienten ska uppnå 14-15 i GCS- värde så snart som möjligt efter väckning och extubation.
Background: Patients which are nursed by ventilator at the intensive care unit often need some form of sedative in order to tolerate an endotracheal tube and the ventilator treatment. The traditional intravenous drugs have a long half- life and potential risk for lingering effects. Aim: This pilot study aim to study the depth of sedation according to MAAS with the patients having been sedated with inhalation gas, check alertness according to GCS with these patients after completion of sedation, and describe which group of patients that have received inhalation treatment. Method: Journal Review where the result have been analysed and categorized then a link analysis has been made. Result: In the result three patient categories were identified which had received isoflurane sedation: patients with threatened airway and expected short time of sedation and fast wake- up, patients which were difficult to sedate optimally with intravenous method, and patients with organ failure where risk for accumulation and/ or  extended elimination of drugs were expected. Any relationship between MAAS 12 hour prior to extubation and GCS- score after awakening with the 14 patients included in the study have not been established. Conclusion: Sedation by isoflurane inhalation seems to be an effective sedation method when an easily controlled sedation situation with the possibility of a fast awakening are prioritized as well as when the strive is to achieve a GCS- score of 14-15 as soon as possible after awakening and extubation.
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Homolková, Helena. "Prognostický význam sledování hladin markerů u poškození CNS u nemocných po poranění." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-308517.

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OBJECTIVES: The S100B protein subgroup is a thermolabile acidic calcium-binding protein. S100B protein was first described in the central nervous system. Destruction of the nerve tissue results in S100B protein release from astrocytic glial cells and elevation of its levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. If the blood-brain barrier is also damaged, S100B gets into the systemic circulation and elevated blood levels of S100B are detected. Higher S100B serum levels in patients with head injury are predictive of possible development of secondary brain injury and the extent of permanent injury to the CNS. MATHERIAL AND METHODS: The authors present their results obtained in the group of 39 children aged 0 (newborns) to 17 years with isolated craniocerebral injury. RESULTS: Our group included 39 children aged 0-17 years. Excellent results (GOS - Glasgow outcome scale 4-5) were observed in 33 patients already at the time of transfer from our ICU to the neurological department. There was no death and the poor outcome group included only 6 children. Second GOS evaluation was performed 6 months later, when 36 children were in the GOS 4-5 group and only 3 children in the GOS 2-3 group. CONCLUSIONS: Due to high variability in S100B protein serum levels in children depending on age and gender, no correlation between...
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Wang, Shih-Ping, and 王釋平. "The survival analysis of Glasgow Coma Scale（GCS）in Traumatic Brain Injury patients on arrival and discharged from hospital." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28746923861054986624.

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碩士
臺北醫學大學
傷害防治學研究所
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In Taiwan, traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) account for 12.5% of all traumatic injuries. Analyzing the data of deceased patient, 55% of them were caused by TBIs. Since 1974, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) has been generally used as the tool to evaluate the cognitive function of TBIs. This research was aimed at studying the relationship between the survival of TBI patients and the scores of GCS. In study, we included 27,625 eligible cases which were collected from the data bank in 55 hospitals between July 1, 2001 to June 30, 2006, after excluding 6,452 cases, (treated by other hospitals before transferred to our collaborative hospitals) and other 396 cases ( not eligible for our study criteria.). The results showed that the average age of our study population was 41.61 years old with the majority of them being male. And the mortality rate being 3.54%. Analyzing the GCS scores, we found that the average score of eye-opened (E) reaction was 3.63, motor (M) 5.62, verbal reaction (V) 4.45, and the average score of GCS 13.7. Analyzing the patients with GCS scores of 3-12 by means of basic variable examination, we found that a negative correlation was found between the age of study subjects and their CGS scores. We also found that the GCS scores were significantly related to the variables ( the cause of injury, the type of vehicles involved in the traffic accident, suicide, skull bone fracture and intracranial hemorrhage), we also found that the relationship between survival rate and the E. M. V. combination of GCS 13, 12, 11 and 6 was statistically significant. Comparing the preciseness of predicting mortality between the factors of respective E. M. V. and E.M.V. in combination, E+V account for most precise result (0.904), following M+V (0.903), M (0.900), V (0.889), GCS (0.885), E+M (0.877), E (0.863). Further parameters, we also found that (age, eye reaction, motor reaction, verbal reaction, GCS, sex, skull bone fracture and intracranial hemorrhage) had statistical significance in hazard ration and death prediction. In addition we also found that even under the same GCS score, the survival would differed on account that different combination of E. M. V. existed and that the area under ROC curve was more than 0.8 not only in respective E. M. V. reaching but also in E. M. V. combination, which demonstrated significant preciseness using this method. The study emphasizes the effectiveness in predicting outcome after traumatic injuries by the following statistical result with the combination score of eye reaction and verbal reaction being the best prediction on death and motor reaction score being the best single variable to predict the outcome.
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Books on the topic "GCS- Glascow Coma Scale"

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Adam, Sheila, Sue Osborne, and John Welch. Neurological problems. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696260.003.0008.

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This chapter provides an overview of the care and management of neurological disorders commonly seen in critical care, starting with an outline of the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system. The concepts of awareness, consciousness, and arousal, and the use of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) to assess conscious level are discussed. The management and monitoring of raised intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, and the impact on cerebral blood flow are detailed. The management of sodium and water balance, including diabetes insipidus, is outlined. There are overviews of the management and nursing of patients who have suffered traumatic brain injury, subarachnoid haemorrhage, status epilepticus, myasthenia gravis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, meningitis, encephalitis, and intracranial abcess. The concept, ethics, and testing of brainstem death, organ donation, and the care of the family are detailed.
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Book chapters on the topic "GCS- Glascow Coma Scale"

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Doyle, D. John. "Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)." In Computer Programs in Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, 113–16. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3576-7_25.

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Petroianu, Georg, and Peter Michael Osswald. "Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)." In Anästhesie in Frage und Antwort, 269–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05715-5_94.

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Espersen, J. O., and O. F. Petersen. "The Relation Between Mass Effect of Extradural Hematomas and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)." In Intracranial Pressure VII, 660–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73987-3_172.

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Nerlich, M., M. Holch, C. J. Kant, W. Stange, D. Otte, and H. Tscherne. "Die Wertigkeit der Glasgow-Coma-Scale (GCS) in der primären Beurteilung Mehrfachverletzter mit schwerem Schädel-Hirn-Trauma." In Hefte zur Zeitschrift „Der Unfallchirurg“, 552–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78055-4_121.

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Espersen, J. O., and O. F. Petersen. "The Relation Between Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and a Regional Lesion Index Based on CT-Scans in Patients with Extradural Hematomas." In Intracranial Pressure VII, 606–7. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73987-3_156.

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Teasdale and Jennett. "Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)." In A Compendium of Tests, Scales and Questionnaires, 32–37. Psychology Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003076391-8.

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"Appendix 2: Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)." In Rapid Neurology and Neurosurgery, 164–65. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119548898.app2.

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Ramrakha, Punit S., Kevin P. Moore, and Amir H. Sam. "Neurological emergencies." In Oxford Handbook of Acute Medicine, 347–468. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198797425.003.0006.

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This chapter discusses neurological emergencies, including coma, limb weakness, acute dizziness, acute loss of vision, painful red eye, acute bacterial meningitis, acute viral encephalitis, head injury, raised intracranial pressure (ICP), intracranial space-occupying lesion, haemorrhage (intracerebral, extradural, subdural, subarachnoid), status epilepticus (tonic–clonic), stroke, cerebral infarction syndromes, brainstem stroke, cerebellar stroke, transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs), confusional states and delirium, acute alcohol withdrawal, neuromuscular respiratory failure, myasthenic crises, spinal cord compression, Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), botulism, tetanus, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), examination of brainstem function, and brain death.
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Wilkinson, Ian B., Tim Raine, Kate Wiles, Anna Goodhart, Catriona Hall, and Harriet O’Neill. "Emergencies." In Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine, 778–851. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199689903.003.0019.

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This chapter explores cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, neurological, and endocrinological emergencies, including headache, breathlessness, chest pain, coma, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), shock, sepsis, anaphylactic shock, acute coronary syndrome with ST-elevation, acute coronary syndrome without ST-elevation, severe pulmonary oedema, cardiogenic shock, broad complex tachycardia, narrow complex tachycardia, bradycardia, acute severe asthma, acute exacerbations of COPD, pneumothorax, tension pneumothorax, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism (PE), acute upper GI bleeding, meningitis, encephalitis, cerebral abscess, status epilepticus, head injury, raised intracranial pressure (ICP), diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), diabetic emergencies, thyroid emergencies, Addisonian crisis, hypopituitary coma, phaeochromocytoma emergencies, acute poisoning, poisons and their antidotes, paracetamol poisoning, salicylate poisoning, burns, hypothermia, and major disasters
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Gupta, Ruchir. "Trauma: Traumatic Brain Injury." In Anesthesiology Applied Exam Board Review, edited by Ruchir Gupta and Minh Chau Joe Tran, 95–100. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190852474.003.0014.

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In this chapter the essential aspects of anesthesia for traumatic brain injury are discussed. Subtopics include manifestations and treatment of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), drugs used to lower ICP, and patient monitoring. The case presented is an emergent craniotomy. The chapter is divided into preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative sections with important subtopics related to the main topic in each section. Preoperative topics discussed are evaluation of trauma, use of the GCS in this case, assessing intracranial hypertension, history of substance abuse, and clearing the cervical spine. Issues related to intraoperative management in this case include induction and use of blood products. Postoperative concerns addressed include polyuria and acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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Conference papers on the topic "GCS- Glascow Coma Scale"

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Kurniawan, Rudi, Suhanda, M. J. W. Endrian, A. R. Irpan, Adi Nurapandi, and Elis Noviati. "Intensive Care Unit Nursing Competence Assessing Awareness With GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) Techniques." In 1st International Conference on Science, Health, Economics, Education and Technology (ICoSHEET 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.200723.086.

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G., Singh, Paul B. S., Chaudhary A. K., and Singh G. "Impact of Epileptic Seizures in the Neurological Intensive Care Unit (NICU) on Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)." In 20th Joint Annual Conference of Indian Epilepsy Society and Indian Epilepsy Association. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1694869.

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Zhang, Jiangyue, Narayan Yoganandan, Cheryl A. Muszynski, Frank A. Pintar, and Thomas A. Gennarelli. "Analysis of Penetrating Head Impact." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59899.

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Impact-induced injuries can be classified into blunt and penetrating types. Penetrating injuries are often the byproduct of gunshot wounds and these injuries to the head result in significant mortality and morbidity. The objective of the study is to determine the probability of fatality as a function of admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and injury volumes (hematoma and edema) in gunshot wounds using computed tomography (CT) scans. Head CT images from 19 patients were analyzed. Hematoma and edema volumes were computed using grayscale equivalents and special computer software. Hematoma and edema volumes were found to be better predictors than GCS. In addition to admission GCS, hematoma and edema volumes may allow more accurate prediction of outcome, and these data should provide informed counseling of relatives and improved guidelines for more efficient resource allocation during the acute care phase.
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Ubaidillah Faqih, Moh, and Hyan Oktodia Basuki. "Relationship of Initial Glascow Coma Scale Score and Treatment Duration with Independency Level of Patients with Head Injury in Emergency Room dr. R. Koesma tuban hospital." In 8th International Nursing Conference on Education, Practice and Research Development in Nursing (INC 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/inc-17.2017.39.

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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'GCS- Glascow Coma Scale' for particular source types:
Journal articles
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