Journal articles: 'Gear calculation'

1

Li, Xue Yi, Chao Chao Li, Bin Bing Huang, and San Shuai Li. "Contact Fatigue Analysis of Mine Helical Cylindrical Gear Based on ANSYS Workbench." Applied Mechanics and Materials 246-247 (December 2012): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.246-247.12.

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A general method for calculating contact fatigue strength of Mine helical cylindrical gear was studied in this paper. Both the Solid model and finite element model were created in ANSYS. Based on the fatigue analysis module of the ANSYS Workbench, The contact fatigue strengths of the helical cylindrical gear pair were calculated, and corresponding contact fatigue lives and safety factors of two gears in any meshing position were obtained and shown in contour map. A simulation calculation for a pair of mine helical cylindrical gears was carried out. Simulation results show that calculation of the contact fatigue strength of helical cylindrical gear by this method is more scientific and reasonable than traditional empirical method.

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Zhanna V, Smirnova,. "Kinematic calculation of gear reduction gear." International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research 8, no. 6 (June 25, 2020): 2422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30534/ijeter/2020/35862020.

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Wang, Nan, and Sheng Ze Wang. "Calculation of Bevel Noncircular Gears' Contact Ratio and Data Range." Advanced Materials Research 933 (May 2014): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.933.439.

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The contact ratio of noncircular gears is variational, much more complicated than the contact ratio of the spur gear. Because the contact ratio of straight noncircular gear is always less than 2, its property of steady transmission is less than the bevel noncircular gear. Withal the thesis exports the calculation method of the bevel noncircular gears contact ratio and its variation range,and gives the relative computing examples .

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Khan, Muhammed Ali, and Andrew G. Starr. "Theoretical and Experimental Working Life Comparison for a Helical Gear under Linear Pitting Failure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 7-8 (August 2007): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.7-8.95.

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For machine components like gears and bearings, working life calculation is one of the complex issues to deal with. This is because the mechanics of their operation is dependent on many parameters, like loading, friction and lubrication etc. Also the influence of these parameters on the component failure modes cannot be perfectly idealized. But in this regard, standards like AGMA (American Gear Manufacturers Association); ISO (International Standard Organization) and BS (British Standards) are quite useful on the basis of which theoretical working life for machine components under a specific failure mode can be predicted. In this paper with linear pitting failure mode assumptions, theoretical working life calculation has been made for a helical gear. BS-ISO 6336-2 standard is used for the gear theoretical life calculations. Furthermore, a wear debris analysis based experiment has been performed for the validation of theoretical calculation. A back to back gear testing rig has been used for the experimental validation. The experimental results show that the theoretical life calculation made on the basis of BS-ISO 6336-2 standards is fairly accurate.

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Wang, Cheng. "Influence of rotational speed and torque on meshing efficiency of double helical gear transmission system." Mechanics & Industry 22 (2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2021025.

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The accuracy of gear meshing efficiency model is the key to study the influence factors of gear meshing efficiency. Experiment is an effective method to verify the theory model. Therefore, the acquisition of experimental value of gear meshing efficiency is particularly important. Taken double helical gears as the research object, on the analysis of a large number of experimental data, the experimental value of gear meshing efficiency for double helical gears are calculated and then the influence of rotational speed and torque on meshing efficiency of double helical gears is studied. Firstly, the calculation method of transmission efficiency for experimental value in different layout of gear test-rigs with closed power flow is summarized. Secondly, the calculation method of meshing efficiency for experimental value in gear test-rig with closed power flow is introduced. Thirdly, the calculation method of load-dependent bearing loss is given. Finally, the experimental value of meshing efficiency for double helical gears is calculated and the influence of rotational speed and torque on meshing efficiency of double helical gears is obtained, which lays a theoretical foundation for the further improvement of the transmission efficiency of double helical gears.

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Zeng, Qingliang, Shoubo Jiang, Lirong Wan, and Xueyi Li. "Finite element modeling and analysis of planetary gear transmission based on transient meshing properties." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 06, no. 03 (September 2015): 1550035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179396231550035x.

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Planetary gear trains are widely applied in various transmission units. Whether strengths of all gears are accurately calculated or not can affect reliability of the entire system significantly. Strength calculation method for planetary gear trains usually follows the method for cylindrical gears, in which the worst meshing positions for both contact stress and bending stress cannot be determined precisely, and calculation results tend to be conservative. To overcome these shortcomings, a kinematics analysis for a planetary gear train is firstly performed, in which the influence of relative speed is investigated. Then the finite element strength analysis of a planetary gear train based on its transient meshing properties is carried out in ANSYS. Time–history curves of contact and bending stresses of sun gear, planetary gears and ring gear are respectively obtained. Also the accurate moment and its corresponding position of the maximum stress are precisely determined. Finally, calculation results of finite element method (FEM) and traditional method are compared in order to verify the effectiveness. Simulation and comparison show the stability of the proposed method in this paper. Researches in this paper establish the foundations for fatigue analysis and optimization for a planetary gear train.

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Timofeev, B. P., N. T. Dang, and M. H. Tran. "THE CALCULATION OF BACKLASH IN THE GEARS BY USING THE MONTE CARLO METHOD." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 265 (July 2020): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2020.07.pp.042-047.

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This paper is devoted to ensuring normal lateral clearance during the normalization of manufacturing errors of gear wheels and non-gear transmission elements. The task is complicated by the fact that GOST 1643–81 sets tolerances and maximum deviations relative to the working axles of the gears. The methods of calculating the lateral clearance of spur gears are considered. As the influencing factors on the lateral clearance, the thermal expansion of the link materials, the deviation of the interaxial distance of the wheels, the deviation of the engagement pitch, the radial run-out of the gear crowns, the error in the direction of the tooth, the parallelism and skew of the axles of the wheels are taken into account. The transmission accuracy parameters are read randomly. The results of calculation by the minimum-maximum method and the probabilistic method are compared. As a probabilistic calculation method, the Monte Carlo method is adopted. The input calculation parameters are taken equal to the maximum allowable values from GOST 1643–81, the parameters of the kinematic error of the wheels for calculation by the probabilistic method are considered distributed according to the equally probable and normal distribution laws.

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Timofeev, B. P., N. T. Dang, and M. H. Tran. "THE CALCULATION OF BACKLASH IN THE GEARS BY USING THE MONTE CARLO METHOD." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 265 (July 2020): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2020.07.pp.042-047.

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This paper is devoted to ensuring normal lateral clearance during the normalization of manufacturing errors of gear wheels and non-gear transmission elements. The task is complicated by the fact that GOST 1643–81 sets tolerances and maximum deviations relative to the working axles of the gears. The methods of calculating the lateral clearance of spur gears are considered. As the influencing factors on the lateral clearance, the thermal expansion of the link materials, the deviation of the interaxial distance of the wheels, the deviation of the engagement pitch, the radial run-out of the gear crowns, the error in the direction of the tooth, the parallelism and skew of the axles of the wheels are taken into account. The transmission accuracy parameters are read randomly. The results of calculation by the minimum-maximum method and the probabilistic method are compared. As a probabilistic calculation method, the Monte Carlo method is adopted. The input calculation parameters are taken equal to the maximum allowable values from GOST 1643–81, the parameters of the kinematic error of the wheels for calculation by the probabilistic method are considered distributed according to the equally probable and normal distribution laws.

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9

Wu, Shifeng, and H. S. Cheng. "Sliding Wear Calculation in Spur Gears." Journal of Tribology 115, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2921665.

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In gear applications where precipitous tooth failure mode such as scoring or scuffing has been avoided, “normal” wear becomes a life-determining factor. In this paper, sliding wear in spur gears, including the considerations of gear dynamics and rough-elastohydrodynamic lubrication, is analyzed. Formulas for equivalent wear rate and tooth wear profile along the line of action are derived. Results show that most materials are removed from both the addendum and dedendum tooth surfaces, and that the highest wear occurs at the beginning of an engagement. This high wear region corresponds to the root of the driving (pinion) teeth and the tip of the driven (gear) teeth. These analytical results correlate well with the practical evidences in AGMA documentation.

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Sabo, Ivan, Milan Kljain, Mirko Karakašić, and Željko Ivandić. "Design and calculation of planetary transmission with bevel gears." Tehnički glasnik 13, no. 2 (June 17, 2019): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20190503183526.

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In this paper, the design and calculation of planetary transmission with bevel gears for road vehicles is presented. It must transfer power to the wheels with the possibility that wheels can rotate at different speeds. The basic calculation of transmission is performed for the drive machine, where an internal combustion engine is chosen, and for the driven machine, which is a car, all forces of resistance are calculated so that the transmission needs to be overcome to move the car. Based on the standard ISO 23509:2016 norm, the calculation of geometry is performed for the input gear pair and it is defined as a hypoid gear pair. For the planetary transmission, a calculation of gear module for bevel gears is first performed, and after that, the geometry is calculated. The calculation of the stress for root stress and Hertz contact pressure is performed for all bevel gears in transmission.

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11

Hedlund, J., and A. Lehtovaara. "A parameterized numerical method for generating discrete helical gear tooth surface allowing non-standard geometry." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 222, no. 6 (June 1, 2008): 1033–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes799.

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Gear analysis is typically performed using calculation based on gear standards. Standards provide a good basis in gear geometry calculation for involute gears, but these are unsatisfactory for handling geometry deviations such as tooth flank modifications. The efficient utilization of finite-element calculation also requires the geometry generation to be parameterized. A parameterized numerical approach was developed to create discrete helical gear geometry and contact line by simulating the gear manufacturing, i.e. the hobbing process. This method is based on coordinate transformations and a wide set of numerical calculation points and their synchronization, which permits deviations from common involute geometry. As an example, the model is applied to protuberance tool profile and grinding with tip relief. A fairly low number of calculation points are needed to create tooth flank profiles where error is <1 μm.

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12

Lustenkova, E. S. "PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATION AND DESIGN OF SPHERICAL ROLLER GEARS WITH DOUBLE-ROW PINION." Mechanics of Machines, Mechanisms and Materials 2, no. 55 (June 2021): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46864/1995-0470-2021-2-55-18-24.

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The article presents a method for calculating and designing spherical roller gears with a double-row pinion. The studied gears are analogs of planetary gears with a double-wheel pinion. They make it possible to implement a wide range of gear ratios. The advantages of spherical roller gears include small dimensions, low material consumption, and layout properties. A special feature of the proposed calculation algorithm is the search for optimal geometric gears parameters according to the criteria of maximum efficiency coefficient taking into account maximum load capacity for a given maximum radial dimensions. The main criterion of strength is fatigue endurance. The method includes design and verification calculations. It makes it possible to develop the small-sized speed reducers for low-speed drives for various purposes.

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13

Leitzke, Hartmunt, and Gerd Niedzwiedz. "Calculation of fishing gear as discrete models." Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 15, no. 2 (December 31, 1985): 213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3750/aip1985.15.2.11.

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14

Xu, Zhi Qiang, and Jian Huang. "Research on Stress and Load with the Effect of Number of Teeth Planetary Gears Matching." Advanced Materials Research 1014 (July 2014): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1014.120.

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Impact of number of tooth matching to load distribution of planetary gears is mainly investigated in this paper. The entire finite element model of planetary gear trains is established so as to analyze and calculate gear stress and number of tooth matching have an impact on load distribution homogeneity of planetary gears on the rated load working conditions. A new method of number of teeth design of planetary gear trains is put forward that number of teeth of sun wheel and number of teeth of gear ring are multiples as great as numbers of planetary gears. Load uneven coefficient of the example is proposed and solved, which provides theoretical basis on carrying capacity calculation, strength analysis and calculation of fatigue life of planetary transmission.

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15

Sugimoto, M., N. Maruyama, A. Nakayama, and N. Hitomi. "Effect of Tooth Contact and Gear Dimensions on Transmission Errors of Loaded Hypoid Gears." Journal of Mechanical Design 113, no. 2 (June 1, 1991): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2912767.

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The effect of the tooth contact and alignment error of the hypoid gear assembly on transmission error was investigated with a new measuring apparatus which can measure the transmission errors of loaded hypoid gears assembled into a final drive unit. Measurements indicate that transmission error predictions made with the TCA and LTCA — analytical tools developed by Gleason Works for a no-load and loaded state, respectively — have sufficient accuracy when actual data on the gear tooth surface and alignment error of the gear assembly are used in the calculations. A systematic examination has also been made of the effects of tooth contact and gear assembly alignment error on transmission error on the basis of the LTCA calculations. It was found that the transmission errors relative to the applied load varied not only according to the tooth contact but also the no-load transmission error of the gears. This relationship was also examined by taking into account the effects of the gear dimensions. It was confirmed through calculation and experiment that a small module design was effective in reducing transmission error.

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Hübner, Florian, Christoph Löpenhaus, Fritz Klocke, and Christian Brecher. "Extended Calculation Model for Generating Gear Grinding Processes." Advanced Materials Research 1140 (August 2016): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1140.141.

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Generally, hard finishing is the final step in manufacturing cylindrical gears. The most established processes for hard finishing are continuous generation grinding and discontinuous profile grinding [1]. Despite the wide industrial application of the continuous generation grinding process, only few scientific investigations exist. One possible reason for this are the complex contact conditions between tool and gear flank. Modelling the complex contact conditions between grinding worm and gear to calculate cutting forces, characteristic values as well as micro- and macroscopic gear geometry are the topics of this paper. The approaches are introduced and results for validation are presented and discussed.

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Sun, Ying Shi, Tian Min Guan, and Xu Zhang. "Force Calculation of Cycloid Gear at Three Supporting Points Of Gear Pin for Speed Reducer with Three Cycloid Gears." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 2409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.2409.

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FA high-precision drive, namely cycloid driving speed reducer with three cycloid gears, adopts the new driving structure of three cycloid gears at eccentric angle of 120 between each other. The paper analyzes the force of cycloid gear and pin gear at three supporting points of gear pin mainly by analysis, and compares the force of cycloid gear of the speed reducers with two cycloid gears.

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Golubkov, V. A., V. F. Shishlakov, A. G. Fedorenko, and E. Yu Vataeva. "CALCULATION OF FORCES FORCING VIBRATION IN A PLANETARY GEAR." Issues of radio electronics 1, no. 7 (July 11, 2019): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2218-5453-2019-7-98-105.

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Most electromechanical devices contain planetary gears. Vibration is the result of the interaction of the teeth and is largely determined by the accuracy of the manufacture of their profile and the error of the step at the production stage, as well as the defects arising in the course of operation. The main elements influencing the vibration of the gears of the planetary gearbox are the deviation of the tooth profiles from the involute and the error in cutting the gear teeth. To reduce the dynamic loads in the contact areas and improve the reliability of gearing, these errors should be monitored and normalized in the allowable range. Based on the analysis of the elastic forces arising in the contact of the teeth, we obtain expressions for the contact stiffnesses and the forces forcing the vibration of the gears. Elastic forces are determined by identifying the deformations that occur at the contact of the gear and wheel teeth. The article describes an analytical description of the spectral composition of the forces that compel vibration, depending on the profile errors and the pitch of the gears of the planetary gear.

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V G, Pradeep Kumar. "A Review on Bending Strength of Asymmetric Gear." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 2263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37734.

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Abstract: Gear is a mechanical rotating toothed part which meshes with other similar toothed parts to transmit torque and power. Gear tends to play a very vital role in all industries. This article reviews the methodology used to investigate bending strength of asymmetric spur gear; Finite Element Method (FEM), Numerical Calculation and Investigational Techniques were usually carried out in order to understand the bending strength of spur gear. Works and experiment from the literature were studied, and their findings were extracted to understand the methods used. Next stage is to simulate the gear using Finite Element Method (FEM) in order to get the analysis of gear strength. The most important stage is to put the gears to physical experiment or testing facilities to determine and validate all data from the numerical calculation and FEM method. Therefore, this review article highlights importance of asymmetric gear in chronological order so that reader may obtain an overview of contribution of various researchers in development of gears having least bending stress. Keywords: Symmetric gear, Asymmetric gear, Bending stress and FEM.

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Zhao, Yue, and Zheng Hua Huang. "Exploration and Discuss for Calculation of Efficiency Transmission of JG150 Type Gear Trial Set." Applied Mechanics and Materials 155-156 (February 2012): 701–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.155-156.701.

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The analyses aim at JG150 type gear trial set and its load device. the analysising and demonstrating aim at the applicability of the transmission efficiency formula of gear case for a closed mechanical system in Mr. Zhu Xiaolu’s book “Trial Technique and Equipments of Gears” (2)in JG150 type gear trial set. According to the analysis and demonstrating, it gives the formula of gear transmission efficiency .

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Lv, Feng Jun. "Vibration Analysis of Gear Drive System Based on Whole Transfer Matrix Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 340 (July 2013): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.340.69.

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Gear drive system is a complex rotor system through the gears, couplings and others connected. According to the vibration equation of the gear drive system, using the whole transfer matrix method, gear meshing force is analyzed and the whole transfer matrix of meshing gears is deduced. Numerical example shows that the whole transfer matrix method is applied to the vibration analysis of gear drive system has the advantages of convenient modeling, and accurate calculation.

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Guo, Shanxin, and Dagui Chen. "Calculation of Unloading Area of Internal Gear Pump and Optimization." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (August 26, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7319871.

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In order to obtain the calculation method of the unloading area of the internal gear pump during oil trapping, a pair of internal gears including an external gear and an internal gear was used as the research object to simulate the oil trapping process. The geometric relationship during the meshing process was established, and the unloading area expression was obtained by using the geometric pattern expansion method with the variable f as the independent variable. Guided by a mathematical model, two improved optimization schemes were proposed for the internal gear tooth profile, and the unloading area expressions sud, suda, and sudb were obtained. Taking the meshing gear pair with module 3 and number of teeth 13/19 as examples, the simulation results were very consistent with the existing literature. The reliability of the model and the feasibility of the optimization scheme are obtained based on the theoretical analysis and calculation results. This calculation method of unloading area can be applied to the same type of gear pump design in the future, providing a reference for the design of high pressure and low noise gear pumps.

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Antoine, F., and J.-M. Besson. "Simplified modellization of gear micropitting." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 216, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095441002321029035.

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This document gives a simplified method of calculating gear micropitting. The method has been developed by EUROCOPTER. The objective was to provide a model that took into consideration the maximum number of parameters in order to model the different physical phenomena, particularly: an oil-film thickness calculation taking the influence of pressure into consideration a simplified modellization of roughness an estimation of the plastification effect on the roughness overpressure at the contact surface taking into account the combined effects of roughness and oil-film thickness. The elaborated model is presented in an Excel file form. The application program is called APICS (approche du pitting par calculs simplifiés). In order to validate this model, this program has been applied to: An epicyclic gear train of a helicopter. Tests on discs as part of the ASETT European program. Discs are in hardened M50NiL Duplex (surface treatment: carburized and nitrided). Different kinds of surface finishing were proposed. The reference case of discs in 16NCD13 without thermochemical treatment has been also treated. FZG gear benchtests, also as part of the ASETT program. Gears have been manufactured in hardened M50NiL Duplex, with different kinds of surface finishing proposed. The results of the calculations express quite exactly the experimental facts observed on discs and gears for a wide range of studied cases, covering different materials, different kinds of case hardening and different kinds of surface finishing.

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Jurkschat, T., T. Lohner, and K. Stahl. "Improved calculation of load-dependent gear losses by consideration of so far disregarded influences." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 233, no. 4 (April 18, 2018): 509–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650118766794.

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The topic of this study was subject to the efficiency calculation of gearboxes. Additional analyses were performed with regard to an existing calculation approach, to improve the calculation of load-dependent gear losses by so far disregarded influences. On the one hand, the influence of the driving direction was investigated. During this, the driving and driven test gears considered showed high differences of the specific sliding at tooth root and tooth tip. On the other hand, the influence of the change of contact ratio under load was studied. Both influences showed considerable influence on the load-dependent gear losses. An equation for an optimized calculation of the load-dependent gear losses is given.

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Xiao, D. C., and C. Lee. "A Contact Point Method for the Design of Form Cutters for Helical Gears." Journal of Engineering for Industry 116, no. 3 (August 1, 1994): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2901956.

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This article introduces a method to calculate contours of form cutters for machining helical gears from given gear tooth profiles. It is essential to find a relationship between the cutter contour and the gear profile in order to carry out the calculation. The method introduced in this article uses contact points between the cutter rotary surface and the gear tooth surface to establish the relationship. A minimum distance principle is applied. Equations for the calculation are derived and an example is given.

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Ding, Yuan, Xia Li, Yong Ji Yang, Shi Qiang Ma, and Yue Xue Pan. "Ascertainment of Machine Tool Adjustment and Processing Parameters for Spiral Bevel Gears in a Heavy Vehicle Main Driving System." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 2030–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.2030.

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Based on partial conjugation principle, revised machine tool adjustment parameters and processing parameters which can make big gear and small gear be in points conjugation meshing progress are obtained after the cutting tooth plan and rough gear parameters of spiral bevel gears in a heavy vehicle main driving system were determined. Ideal gear contact spots are gained by gear contact area rolling experiment, which show that calculation theory and methods above-described are practicable and effective for improving meshing quality of spiral bevel gears in heavy vehicle main driving system.

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Huang, Deng Hong, Zhi Yong Wang, and Shui Qin Yu. "Second-Order Proportional Modification Parameters for Spiral Bevel Gears Manufactured by Spread Blade Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 394 (September 2013): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.394.237.

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The proportional modification parameters are useful for compensating the tooth form errors of spiral bevel gears. Based on the mathematical model for calculating the machine setting parameters and according to the relative position relationship between cutter and workpiece, the formulae for calculating the second-order proportional modification parameters for gears manufactured by spread blade method was deduced by the curvature and normal vector at calculation point. The proportional modification parameters can make the lengthwise curvature or profile curvature or lengthwise twist curvature of the concave and convex flank produce uniform change or difference change. The formulae is verified by experiment on CNC spiral bevel gear grinding machine and M&M sigma 7 gear measuring center.

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Yu, Shui Qin, Zhi Yong Wang, and Jian Tang. "First-Order Proportional Modification Parameters for Spiral Bevel Gears Manufactured by Spread Blade Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 246-247 (December 2012): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.246-247.118.

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The proportional modification parameters are useful for modifying the tooth form errors of spiral bevel gears. Based on the mathematical model for calculating the machine setting parameters and according to the relative position relationship between cutter and workpiece and the curvature and vector of calculation point, the formulae for calculating the first-order proportional modification parameters for gears machined by spread blade method was deduced. The proportional modification parameters can make the pressure angle or spiral angle of the concave flank and the convex flank produce uniform change and difference change. The formulae is verified by experiment on CNC spiral bevel gear grinding machine and M&M sigma 7 gear measuring center.

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Ermolaev, M. M., and Y. V. Sinitsyna. "A Study of the Influence of the Bearing’s Flexibility on the Operation of a Cycloidal Gear Drive." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 04 (721) (April 2020): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2020-4-15-22.

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The paper presents a study of the influence of the bearing’s flexibility on the operation of a cycloidal gear drive and highlights the importance of taking the bearing’s flexibility into account when performing calculations. It shows how flexibility affects force distribution across the pins and the displacement of the most loaded pin from the pitch point towards the gear’s axis of symmetry. A method of force calculation for the KHV and 2KV type gears taking into account the bearing’s flexibility is considered. Schematic diagrams of force distribution across the pins with and without taking the bearing’s flexibility into account are presented for two types of gearing. An experiment is performed that confirms the necessity of taking the bearing’s flexibility into account. The applicability of the method for calculating various types of cycloidal gear drives is analyzed.

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Simon, V. "Load and Stress Distributions in Spur and Helical Gears." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 110, no. 2 (June 1, 1988): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3258926.

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A method for the determination of load and stress distributions along the contact lines of the instantaneously engaged teeth of spur and helical gears is represented in this paper. The calculation includes the tooth profile modifications and crownings, manufacturing and alignment errors of gears, tooth deflections, local contact deformations of teeth, gear body bending and torsion, and deflections of supporting shafts. The influence of gear parameters on load and stress distributions is discussed. On the basis of the obtained results, by regression analysis, equations are derived for the calculation of load and stress distribution factors.

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Cui, Huan Yong, Xi Jie Tian, and Dong Liang Wang. "Design Technique Research of Fine-Forged Spur Bevel Gear Tooth Profile Modification." Key Engineering Materials 443 (June 2010): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.443.170.

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Gear tooth profile modification can be featured to improve working stability of gear equipments, abate noise and vibration, enhance loading ability and prolong usage life of the gears. Fine forged spur bevel gear are formed with molds, so it is economical to modify the gears by means of modifying mold cavity. Whether the modified gears can be separated from the mold with easiness is proposed to be the basic criterion of gear tooth profile modification design. Near the big ends and tooth roots is mainly the area which affects demolding after modification. According to the modified gear configuration, mathematical model is built to calculate the demolding check at any modification points on the fine forged spur bevel gear profile. And a corresponding program is developed, which is the main tool for the gear tooth profile modification design, and practical calculation has carried out.

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Wang, Xinlei, Changle Xiang, Chunming Li, Shenlong Li, Yimin Shao, and Liming Wang. "Effect of roughness on meshing power loss of planetary gear set considering elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 2 (February 2020): 168781402090842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020908422.

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Meshing power loss is one of the most important parts in power loss calculation of planetary gear set. However, most of the conventional methods assumed the friction coefficient between gears as a constant value in the meshing power loss calculation, and most importantly, the influence of gear tooth surface geometry is usually ignored, for example, roughness. Therefore, a new meshing power loss calculation model for planetary gear set that considers tooth surface roughness is proposed on the basis of elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication method. With the proposed model, a planetary gear set dynamic model that considers friction force between gears is first established to study the time-varying meshing forces, sliding speeds, and curvature radii of the gear pairs. Then, an elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication model of the gear pair contact interface is constructed to investigate and modify the friction force distribution in the gear meshing process of the dynamic model iteratively until the meshing forces converge to stable values. Furthermore, the relationship between the tooth surface roughness and film thickness is studied in the elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication model. After that, the meshing power loss is calculated based on the obtained meshing forces, friction coefficients, sliding speeds, and so on. The results show that there is a sudden growth of the meshing power loss at the end of the meshing cycle, which has a good agreement with the meshing force impact. And, it is found that tooth surface roughness has a direct influence on the meshing power loss of sun–planet gear pair, which yields an increasing tendency as the surface roughness growing.

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33

Maciejczyk, Andrzej. "Construction of cylindrical toothed gear with a corrected teeth in Inventor. Generator of a cylindrical toothed gear." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 545–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.448.

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The article presented the process of construction of a corrected cylindrical gear with straight teeth. The operation of the gear generator is discussed. The procedure of gear engagement correction based on P0 type correction was indicated. Preliminary calculations were made using analytical methods. The work of the generator of gear components was analyzed. Calculation module errors are indicated.

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34

Feng, Li Yan, Ming Yu Tian, Chun Hua Liu, Teng Liu, and Zhi Hao Ma. "An Auto—Design System of Gleason Spiral Bevel Gear." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.62.

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Owing to the spiral bevel gear has a complex geometrical shape, a great number of parameters and a complicated calculation process, a computer-aided design system of the Gleason spiral bevel gear has been developed based on VBA, so as to rapidly make geometry calculation, strength calculation, 2D and 3D parameterization drawing, machining parameters calculation, and so on. Thus it can greatly improve the speed and accuracy of design. In this paper, the overall structure and main functions of the system have been discussed. By taking two meshing gears used on MU trains as a design example, some computing process and results are given out.

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35

Chang, D. G., F. Shu, X. B. Chen, and Y. J. Zou. "Calculation of Meshing Efficiency of Helical Gear Based on Double Integral Method." Key Engineering Materials 693 (May 2016): 458–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.693.458.

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The meshing efficiency of helical gear transmission is calculated by using the method of double integral. The external involute helical gear meshing is taken and the model of helical gears is simplified by the idea of differential. The instantaneous efficiency equation of a meshing point is derived, and further more the rectangular coordinate system of meshing zone of helical gears is established. The average meshing efficiency of helical gears is achieved by using double integral method. Then, the influence of design parameters is studied and the efficiency formula is verified by comparing the theoretical results with relevant experimental data, which can provide a theoretical basis for decide the design parameters.

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36

Huang, Hai, Hai Xiang Li, and Qi Han Luo. "Point-Line Meshing Gear Drive." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 3391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.3391.

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Point-line meshing gear is a new-styled gear characterized by both easy manufacturing and divisibility of involute gears and high strength for contacting between convex and concave tooth profiles of a circular-arc gear. And contact strength of point-line meshing gears has improved by 1~2 times in comparison with involute gears, and bending strength of such gears has improved by approximately 15%, while noise has decreased even by 5～10dB (A). In addition, with the increase of load, noise will decrease by 3~4 dB (A). Only a few teeth or even 2~3 teeth are required for a pinion gear. There are single point-line meshing gears (equivalent to single arc gear), double point-line meshing gears (equivalent to double arc gear) and few-tooth point-line meshing gears, totaling three kinds, which are widely used in reducers for metallurgy, mining, craning, transport and chemical industries. And the three kinds of gears can be converted into soft tooth-flank, medium tooth-flank and hard tooth-flank gears. Here the types, characters, meshing features and dimension calculation of point-line meshing gears are described.

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37

Sun, Qiang, Yue Hai Sun, and Xiao Lin Ge. "Geometric Modeling and Manufacturing Method for a few Teeth Involute Gear with Bilateral Modification." Solid State Phenomena 287 (February 2019): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.287.40.

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Aiming at the issue of undercutting and machining difficulties caused by gear with a few teeth, the geometric modeling method and processing method of bi-directional displacement less tooth number were studied. Based on the calculation formula of the involute cylindrical gear and the characteristics of the bi-directional gear, the calculation formula of the diameter of the variable tooth top circle is derived, and the modeling of the gear pair with bi-directional variable bit number is carried out. The research shows that the bidirectional displacement can solve the root cutting problem well and improve the transmission quality. In view of the problem that machining efficiency is not high at present, a method of machining with tangent and radial gear is proposed, and the same gear cutter is used to process different cutting and radial gears, and the feasibility of the above method is verified by the processing test. The research work laid a foundation for further promotion and application of small tooth number gear transmission.

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38

Boehme, Christoph, Dietmar Vill, and Peter Tenberge. "Enhanced application limits for crossed helical gearboxes using new geometries for smaller sliding paths or smaller contact pressures." MATEC Web of Conferences 287 (2019): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928701010.

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Crossed-axis helical gear units are used as actuators and auxiliary drives in large quantities in automotive applications such as window regulators, windscreen wipers and seat adjusters. Commonly gear geometry of crossed helical gears is described with one pitch point. This article deals with an extended calculation method for worm gear units. The extended calculation method increases the range of solutions available for helical gears. In general, for a valid crossed helical gear pair, the rolling cylinders do not have to touch each other. In mass production of many similar gears, individual gears can be reused because they can be paired with other centre distances and ratios. This also allows the use of spur gears in combination with a worm, making manufacturing easier and more efficient. By selecting design parameters, for example the axis crossing angle or the helix angle of a gear, positive effects can be achieved on the tooth contact pressure, the overlap ratio, the sliding paths, the lubrication condition, the tooth stiffness and, to a limited extent, on the efficiency of the gearing. It can be shown that for involute helical gears, in addition to the known insensitivity of the transmission behaviour to centre distance deviations, there is also insensitivity to deviations of the axis crossing angle. This means that installation tolerances for crossed helical gearboxes can be determined more cost-effectively.

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39

Gu, Lizhi, Tieming Xiang, Can Zhao, and Shuailiang Guo. "Angular velocity and contact force simulation of the spiral bevel gear meshing based on the hertz contact theory." Engineering review 39, no. 2 (2019): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30765/er.39.2.4.

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To obtain the change tendency of the wheel’s angular velocity and tangential component of contact force with time of the pinion under the step input during spiral bevel gear meshing, the tooth flank equation of spiral bevel gear was constructed based on the Non-Uniform Rational B-splines curve. The three-dimensional model of the pinion and the wheel were built based on the tooth flank equation. The calculation equation and relative parameters set for the contact force of spiral bevel gear meshing were done based on the Hertz contact theory. A mating of spiral bevel gears was taken as an example for dynamics simulation and the simulation results show that the relative error rate of the angular velocity between simulation and theoretical calculation is 0.054%, and that the relative error rate of tangential component of the contact force between simulation and theoretical calculation is 4.82%. These findings provide the theoretical basis for dynamic characteristics optimization of the spiral bevel gears.

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40

von Eiff, H., K. H. Hirschmann, and G. Lechner. "Influence of Gear Tooth Geometry on Tooth Stress of External and Internal Gears." Journal of Mechanical Design 112, no. 4 (December 1, 1990): 575–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2912649.

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Type and geometry of the cutter influence the generated fillet in a gear tooth. Thus optimization of the cutter dimensions is an important step in minimizing gear stress. Gear tooth geometry of external and internal involute gears can be described by the same equations, if we apply the following rule: The number of teeth is positive in external gears and negative in internal gears; the rack has an infinite number of teeth. We demonstrate that both gear geometry and tooth stress, i.e., the location of maximum tangential stress, the amount of tooth stress and the stress concentration factor, change continuously from external to internal gears. The results obtained by FEM computations are verified by photoelastic experiments. Data for calculation of gears, especially internal gears, are presented and discussed.

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Zhao, Mingxia. "3D-Modeling and Motion Simulation of Composite Wheel Gears Transmission Based on UG." MATEC Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817503006.

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Taking the compound gear trains as an example, the principle of the transmission mechanism was analyzed, and the rotational speed of the key gears in the compound gear trains was calculated by using the calculation formula of transmission ratio to obtain the simulation parameters of UG movement. The gear tool box in UG was applied to complete the modeling and meshing assembly of the bevel gear and spur gear, the rotation pair and gear pair was to motion simulation, the gear transmission state could have visually observed by motion simulation, and then the chart was analyzed to verify the design rationality of the gear train.

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42

Wink, C. H., and A. L. Serpa. "Investigation of tooth contact deviations from the plane of action and their effects on gear transmission error." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 219, no. 5 (May 1, 2005): 501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440605x16983.

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In this paper tooth contact deviations from the plane of action and their effects on gear transmission error are investigated. Tooth contact deviations come from intentional modification of involute tooth surfaces such as tip and root profile relief; manufacturing errors such as adjacent pitch error, profile errors, misalignment and lead errors; and tooth elastic deflections under load, for example, bending and local contact deflections. Those deviations are usually neglected on gear tooth contact models. A procedure to calculate the static transmission error of spur and helical gears under loading is proposed. In the proposed procedure, contact analysis is carried out on the whole tooth surface, eliminating the usual assumption that tooth contact occurs only on the plane of action. Lead and profile modifications, manufacturing errors and tooth elastic deflections are considered in the calculation procedure. The method of influence coefficients is employed to calculate the tooth elastic deflections. Load distribution on gear meshing is determined using an iterative-incremental method. Results of some numerical examples of spur and helical gears are analysed and discussed. The results indicate that the tooth contact deviations from the plane of action can lead to imprecision on the gear transmission error calculation if they are not take into account. Therefore, the proposed procedure provides a more accurate calculation methodology of gear transmission error, since a global contact analysis is done.

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43

Wang, Yu Ning, Zhi Li Sun, and Ming Ang Yin. "Considering Thermal Deformation in Gear Transmission Error Calculation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 281 (January 2013): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.281.211.

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This research analyze the gear for body temperature field, according to the body temperature field, it calculates comprehensive deformation of the loaded gear by using the contact method. It extracts the deformation of gear surface along the gear thickness and gear tall direction, calculating the gear non-involute error. It calculates the gear transmission error considering the thermal deformation. The results show that: Considering thermal deformation non-involute error of addendum is maximum, and there are no mutations in gear non-involute error the transmission error caused by mutation of elastic deformation mutate at single and double tooth alternating position. The bigger mutation becomes, the bigger vibration amplitude will be. The results of the study provide a solid basis to improve the motion transmission accuracy of gear.

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44

Reimann, T., T. Herzog, D. Kadach, and K. Stahl. "The influence of friction on the tooth normal force of spur and helical gears." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 21-22 (June 11, 2019): 7391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219855097.

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The tooth normal force is one of the main influencing factors for calculating the pitting load-carrying capacity of gears. In the current standards for cylindrical gears, it is calculated without regard to the friction force’s influence. This paper presents a simple local calculation approach for determining the friction force and driving direction’s influence on the tooth normal force of cylindrical gears on the whole tooth flank. Unlike previous models, without the need to set up a dynamic model of the gear mesh and having to solve differential equations numerically. For two exemplary spur and one helical gear set, the tooth normal forces are calculated considering the friction force and the driving direction’s influence and without regard to these effects. A comparison is carried out and the results are discussed thoroughly.

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45

Ryazanov, S., and M. Reshetnikov. "Calculation of the coordinates of the modified profile of the generating surface of the gear cutting tool." Geometry & Graphics 8, no. 4 (March 4, 2021): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2308-4898-2021-8-4-35-46.

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Spatial helical gears, worm gears with a cylindrical worm, globoid gears, etc., are widely used in most of modern engineering products [1-3; 37; 42]. Cylindrical worm gears are actively used in the creation of metalworking equipment (push mechanisms of rolling mills, presses, etc.), in lifting and transport machines, in drives and kinematic chains of various machine tool equipment where high kinematic accuracy is required (dividing machine tools, adjustment mechanisms), etc. In a worm gear a cylindrical worm or its cylindrical helical surface can be cut by various technological methods [49-51], but no matter how the shaping of the worm gear elements’ working surfaces is carried out, the worm wheel is cut with a gear cutting tool, whose producing surface coincides with the worm thread’s lateral surface [19; 22; 23]. In this regard, the working surface of the cylindrical worm wheel’s tooth, even with a non-orthogonal arrangement of axes, is an envelope of a one-parameter family of surfaces that gives a linear contact, which presence makes it possible to transfer a large load using a worm gear. For high-quality manufacturing of worm gears, it is necessary to design and manufacture a productive gear cutting tool - an accurate worm cutter, whose shaping (working) surface must be identical to the profiled worm’s shaping (working) surface [24-27; 54]. One of the most important tasks in the implementation of worm gearing is the problem of jamming of the cylindrical worm and the worm wheel’ contacting surfaces. This problem is excluded by relieving the contacting surfaces’ profile along the contact line. Considering that any violations of contacting surfaces’ geometric parameters affect the change in their geometric characteristics, the tasks of accurately determining the adjustment parameters of the technological equipment, used for shaping the worm and worm wheel, enter into in the foreground of the worm gearing elements production. In modern conditions of plant and equipment obsolescence, and in particular, of gear cutting machines used for worm gears manufacture, these machines physical wear, implies an inevitable decrease in the accuracy of their kinematic chains. Therefore, in order to maintain the produced gears’ quality at a sufficiently high level, it is necessary to use deliberate modification of contacting surfaces when calculating the worm gearing’s geometric parameters; such modification reduces the worm gear sensitivity to manufacturing and mounting errors of its elements [28-31].

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46

Xu, Xiang, and Rui Ping Zhou. "Research on Torsional Vibration of Gear-Shafting System Based on an Extended Lumped Parameter Model." Advanced Materials Research 143-144 (October 2010): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.143-144.487.

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In this paper, gear-shafting system dynamics theory has been introduced into the torsional vibration calculation of the marine propulsion shaft and the vibration equations of a marine gear-shafting system were established using the lumped parameter model by taking the gear-shafting system in marine propulsion shaft as the research object. In order to solve the problem of vibration equation, dynamic simulation has been done in MATLAB software, in which the natural frequency of the system has been obtained from the simulation curve by changing the input frequency, meanwhile, the conclusion that the gears pair comprehensive meshing error is independent of the system natural frequency has been achieved. Thus, the analysis method presented in this work is available for the torsional vibration calculation of the marine gear-shafting system.

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47

Li, Xiao Jing, Cheng Si Li, Di Wang, and Dong Man Yu. "Structural Design and Finite Element Analysis for Planet Wheel Gear System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 1174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.1174.

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Calculation the gear bottom bending strength and the gear surface contacting stress are traditional wheel gear design method. It takes a long time to design and works out parameters for gears system. Nowadays, the optimization design and reliability theory are introduced into modern engineering, we can make full use of the calculator tool to look for the best design parameter. Modern powerful finite element analysis software packages such as ANSYS are now not only an analysis tool but a design tool as well. This kind of technology makes planet wheel gear system design quantified precisely combining with physics principles in one. In the study, we designed a planet carrier with traditional method and built three dimensional full-scale model in Pro/E software. Based on finite element analysis, the finally result of stress distribution and deformation distribution is obtained. The results indicate that the design can meet the requirement.

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48

Yang, Feng, Xiao Deng, Zhi Hua Gao, and Yang Liu. "The Transmission Efficiency Calculation for Series Combined Mechanism in Ordinary Gear Train." Advanced Materials Research 268-270 (July 2011): 606–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.268-270.606.

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The reasonable design of ordinary gear train system can enhance the transmission efficiency for mechanical device. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate into the efficiency and take the efficiency calculation as a method used for choosing gear train. Three typical conditions for ordinary gear train system, one internal meshing and one external meshing serial mechanism, two couples of external meshing serial mechanism, two couples of internal meshing serial mechanism, are respectively calculated. The calculating results can provide reliable reference for design of ordinary gear train.

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49

Miltenovic, A., V. Nikolic, and M. Banic. "Wear load capacity of crossed helical gears with wheel made from sintered steel." Science of Sintering 47, no. 2 (2015): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1502153m.

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Crossed helical gears have an important position in power transmission. Important advantages of the crossed helical gears are the small design, the realization of high ratios in one stage, and the low noise characteristics. The paper presents a theoretical and experimental research of mesh efficiency, tooth friction coefficient and wear for a wheel of crossed helical gears made of Fe1.5Cr0.2Mo sintered steel with sinter-hardening treatment and without additional treatment. The calculation method is also given for the determination of wear load capacity of the worm with a helical gear made of Fe1.5Cr0.2Mo sintered steel with sinter-hardening treatment. These results provide product developers with the first important clues for indicators for calculation of the worm with a helical gear.

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50

Simon, V. "Stress Analysis in Double Enveloping Worm Gears by Finite Element Method." Journal of Mechanical Design 115, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919316.

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A method and a corresponding computer program are developed for stress analysis in the worm and the gear of double enveloping worm gears by finite elements. By using this program stress distributions in the worm thread and the gear tooth are calculated, and the influence of the design parameters and of the load position on deflections and stresses is investigated. On the basis of the obtained results, by using regression analysis and interpolation functions, equations are derived for the calculation of deflections and stresses in the worm thread and in the gear tooth of double enveloping worm gears.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Gear calculation'

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