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1

Bao, Pei De, Jun Xie, Xiao Qin Yin, Qi Zhi Yang, and Lu Zhong Ma. "Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Design of Planetary Gear Transmission." Advanced Materials Research 228-229 (April 2011): 681–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.228-229.681.

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Based on elastic hydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) theory, an EHL model of the meshing between the sun gear and planet gear in planetary gear transmission was established. The EHL oil film thicknesses at meshing areas and those distributions for two operation cases were calculated: one case with the sun gear as the driving gear and another case with the ring gear as the driving gear. The Lubrication with second case was worse. Through the many comparing calculations the lubrication film thickness can be significantly increased by right parameter design. Reasonable raise of lubricant viscosity can
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2

Miltenović, Aleksandar, Milan Banić, Jovan Tanasković, Jelena Stefanović-Marinović, Damjan Rangelov, and Marko Perić. "WEAR LOAD CAPACITY OF CROSSED HELICAL GEARS." Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering 22, no. 1 (2024): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fume220114015m.

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The paper presents a wear load capacity of crossed helical gears (gear pair consists of a worm and a helical gear). Crossed helical gears are similar to worm gear pairs, and it is logical to extend the load capacity calculation approach of worm gears for the case of crossed helical gears. One of the disadvantages of crossed helical gear sets is very high running-in wear. The paper explains the transition between running-in and steady-state wear and proposes a joint wear calculation model. The paper outlines a proposal to extend the calculation method for wear load capacity from a worm gear pai
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3

Liu, Dezheng, Yan Li, Zhongren Wang, You Wang, and Yu Wang. "Modeling and Analysis of Effective Case Depth on Meshing Strength of Internal Gear Transmissions." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (December 30, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5153292.

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The effective case depth (ECD) plays an important role in the meshing strength of internal gear transmissions. Carburizing quenching heat treatment is commonly used to enhance gear strength and wear resistance. However, the different ECDs in internal and external gears caused by heat treatment significantly affect the meshing strength, causing vibration, reducing gear service life, and hastening malfunction in internal gear transmission. In this study, we conducted an investigation of different ECDs by the heat treatment of carburized gear pairs by numerical simulation with the finite element
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4

Budzik, Grzegorz, Tadeusz Markowski, Michał Batsch, Jadwiga Pisula, Jacek Pacana, and Bogdan Kozik. "Stress Assessment of Gear Teeth in Epicyclic Gear Train for Radial Sedimentation Tank." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 14, no. 3 (2020): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2020-0018.

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Abstract The paper presents the strength evaluation of planetary gear teeth designed for a radial sedimentation tank drive. A novel type of gear drive, composed of a closed epicyclic gear train and an open gear train with internal cycloidal gear mesh is proposed. Contact stress and root stress in the planetary gear train were determined by the finite element method and according to ISO 6336. The influence of the mesh load factor at planet gears on stress values was also established. A comparison of the results followed. It was observed that the mesh load factor on satellites depends mainly on
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5

Kampka, Marco, Christoph Löpenhaus, and Fritz Klocke. "Development of a Methodology for Analyzation of the Influence of Pitch Diameter Shift on the Generating Gear Grinding Process." Advanced Materials Research 1140 (August 2016): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1140.149.

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In order to improve load carrying capacity and noise behaviour, case hardened gears are usually hard finished. One possible process for hard finishing of gears is generating gear grinding, which has replaced other grinding processes in batch production of small and middle sized gears due to high process efficiency. Especially generating gear grinding of large module gears with a module higher than mn > 8 mm can be challenging due to high process forces and the resulting excitation, which can influence gear quality negatively. TÜRICH suggested applying a pitch diameter shift during generatin
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6

Fan, Qin Man, and Yong Hai Wu. "Nonlinear Vibration Characteristics Analysis of Transmission Gears." Advanced Materials Research 282-283 (July 2011): 633–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.282-283.633.

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In allusion to a truck transmission gears, a nonlinear vibration model of transmission gears was constructed based on the theory of gear system dynamics and nonlinear dynamics. Basing on the computing platform Matlab and using the Runge-Kutta method to calculate the time history response of gear vibration when the gap exists, and the case of non-resonant and load gear backlash vibration frequency of gear changes were studied. The results of this paper have an important significance to improve the movement of transmission gears to pass accuracy, reduce noise, reduce failures and increase gear l
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7

Kahraman, A. "Dynamic Analysis of a Multi-Mesh Helical Gear Train." Journal of Mechanical Design 116, no. 3 (1994): 706–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919440.

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In this paper, the dynamic behavior of a multi-mesh helical gear train has been studied. The gear train consists of three helical gears, with one of the gears in mesh with the other two. A three dimensional dynamic model which includes transverse, torsional, axial and rotational (rocking) motions of the flexibility mounted gears has been developed. Two different loading conditions have been identified. In case-I, the system is driven by the gear in the middle, and in case-II, the system is driven by one of the gears at either end of the gear train. The phase difference between the two gear mes
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8

Khodaee, Alireza, and Arne Melander. "Finite Element Simulation as a Tool to Evaluate Gear Quality after Gear Rolling." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.300.

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Gear rolling is a manufacturing technique for gears with many advantages like reduced material consumption, reduced scrap generation, fast cycle times, good surface quality and improved final properties of the gear wheels compared to conventional production technology based on machining. In order to make use of all these advantages it is desired to reach the final shape of the gear wheel already after rolling. This means that post treatments like grinding should be avoided. This puts high requirements on the shape accuracy after gear rolling. In this paper it was studied if finite element simu
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9

Siewerin, Benedikt J., Thomas Tobie, and Karsten Stahl. "Extended Wear Lifetime Calculation for Grease Lubricated Gears in Consideration of Surface Hardness and Roughness." MATEC Web of Conferences 366 (2022): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202236602001.

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Greases have a variety of advantages when special operating conditions apply for gear lubrication, e. g. improved properties against continuous (or slow speed) wear. Often, gears with different surface hardness are combined, in order to reduce costs during manufacturing and heat treatment. However, this has detrimental effect on the wear lifetime. Consequently, the calculation of the wear service life within the gear design process is essential. One common way of wear lifetime prediction is the calculation method acc. to Plewe that is typically combined with a standardized wear test with case
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10

Yathish Rao. "Effect of Forging Grain Flow on Performance of Hypoid Gear Set - Case Study." ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology 3, no. 2 (2023): 575–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ajmt.3.2.3.

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Gear sets are one of the prime components in rear axle assembly that drives the wheel by taking the power from gear box. Typically forged gears are used for automotive applications in order to perform to its maximum level while in their service. In this case study heavy truck axle hypoid gear sets with deeper gear ratio (> 6) are considered. The batch-A & batch-B samples are produced through two separate forging routes. Batch A sample is processed through press forge route & Batch B samples are through ring rolling route. Both the batches (4 samples of each) are tested for gear set
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11

N., Karthik, Sabari Sriram S., and Arun Prasad S. "Design and Development of Semi-Automatic Gear Changing Module by using Pneumatic Drives." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 7, no. 2 (2019): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.721921.

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This is the research work regarding the development of pneumatic gear changing module which helps to reduce the gear changing time and increases driver's feasibility on changing gears. The gear changing action is actuated by the pressurized air from the compressor via a pneumatic cylinder to the mechanism. When the driver actuates the push button manually, the gear changing module is actuated by a solenoid valve and the gear is shifted in a shorter time. Additionally, a load device is used to control the speeds of input and output shafts of the gearbox. This method also eliminates the clash du
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12

Siewerin, Benedikt J., Johannes Schmelz, Karl J. Raddatz, Thomas Tobie, and Karsten Stahl. "Wear Calculation for Hard-Soft Gear Pairings Depending on Surface Hardness and Roughness." Tribologie und Schmierungstechnik 70, no. 1 (2023): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24053/tus-2023-0004.

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In large gear drives, through-hardened ring gears or internal gears are often in contact with case-hardened pinions. This offers economic advantages, but involves an increased risk of wear during its operation. Various test methods exist to evaluate the expected wear of the used gear-lubricant-system, but typically with case-hardened gears only. A direct transfer of the test results to the application in field is not known so far. In this study, influences from different surface hardness and surface roughness values as well as lubricating conditions were systematically investigated on a FZG ba
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13

Zhao, Yue, and Zheng Hua Huang. "Exploration and Discuss for Calculation of Efficiency Transmission of JG150 Type Gear Trial Set." Applied Mechanics and Materials 155-156 (February 2012): 701–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.155-156.701.

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The analyses aim at JG150 type gear trial set and its load device. the analysising and demonstrating aim at the applicability of the transmission efficiency formula of gear case for a closed mechanical system in Mr. Zhu Xiaolu’s book “Trial Technique and Equipments of Gears” (2)in JG150 type gear trial set. According to the analysis and demonstrating, it gives the formula of gear transmission efficiency .
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14

Winkler, KJ, S. Schurer, T. Tobie, and K. Stahl. "Investigations on the tooth root bending strength and the fatigue fracture characteristics of case-carburized and shot-peened gears of different sizes." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 21-22 (2019): 7338–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219841650.

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This paper contains data of the research project FVA 293 III by Schurer et al. and investigates the tooth root bending strength and the fatigue fracture characteristics of case-carburized and shot-peened gears of different sizes. The investigated carburized and shot-peened gears are made out of high-purity steel batches of the materials 20MnCr5 and 18CrNiMo7-6. Three different gear sizes with the normal modules mn = 1.5, 5, and 10 mm are examined in pulsator test rigs. Additionally, gear running tests in the FZG back-to-back gear test rigs for the gear size mn = 1.5 are performed.
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15

Dankov, A. M. "PLANETARY CONTINUOUSLY ADJUSTABLE GEAR TRAIN WITH FORCE CLOSURE OF PLANET GEAR AND CENTRAL GEAR: FROM IDEA TO DESIGN." Science & Technique 17, no. 3 (2018): 228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2018-17-3-228-237.

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One of the reasons constraining use of a continuously adjustable gear train with compound poly-sector gear wheels in general and its most perspective version that is a planetary continuously adjustable gear train in particular is its design complexity. For example, a complex design of the mechanism for regulation of transmission gear ratio is specified by the use of involute gearing that requires a presence of backlash and bottom clearances for normal functioning and, therefore, autonomous but synchronous movement of a planet gear, as well as sectors of a central gear. In order to simplify the
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16

Li, Feng, Xinyu Pang, and Zhaojian Yang. "Joint Amplitude and Frequency Demodulation Analysis Based on Variational Mode Decomposition for Multifault Diagnosis of a Multistage Reducer." Shock and Vibration 2018 (October 9, 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9869561.

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Multistage reducer vibration signals have complicated spectral structures owing to the amplitude and frequency modulations of gear damage-induced vibrations and the multiplicative amplitude modulation effect caused by time-varying vibration transfer paths (in the case of local gear damage) when the multistage reducer contains both planetary and spur gears. Moreover, the difference between the vibration energies of these gears increases the difficulty of fault feature extraction when multiple failures occur in the reducer. As the meshing frequency of each gear group often varies significantly,
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17

Krantz, T. L., M. P. Alanou, H. P. Evans, and R. W. Snidle. "Surface Fatigue Lives of Case-Carburized Gears With an Improved Surface Finish." Journal of Tribology 123, no. 4 (2001): 709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1387036.

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Previous research provides qualitative evidence that an improved surface finish can increase the surface fatigue lives of gears. To quantify the influence of surface roughness on life, a set of AISI 9310 steel gears was provided with a near-mirror finish by superfinishing. The effects of the superfinishing on the quality of the gear tooth surfaces were determined using data from metrology, profilometry, and interferometric microscope inspections. The superfinishing reduced the roughness average by about a factor of 5. The superfinished gears were subjected to surface fatigue testing at 1.71 GP
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18

Liu, Huaiju, Heli Liu, Caichao Zhu, and Ye Zhou. "A Review on Micropitting Studies of Steel Gears." Coatings 9, no. 1 (2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9010042.

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With the mounting application of carburized or case-hardening gears and higher requirements of heavy-load, high-speed in mechanical systems such as wind turbines, helicopters, ships, etc., contact fatigue issues of gears are becoming more preponderant. Recently, significant improvements have been made on the gear manufacturing process to control subsurface-initiated failures, hence, gear surface-initiated damages, such as micropitting, should be given more attention. The diversity of the influence factors, including gear materials, surface topographies, lubrication properties, working conditio
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19

Chen, Hua, and Xin Li. "Tolerance analysis of involute spur gear from the perspective of design." Mechanics & Industry 23 (2022): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2022013.

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The existing gears’ tolerance standards are formulated from the point of view of manufacturing and measurement. Tolerance categories are numerous. What is more, they have no correlation with each other. Tolerance analysis and optimization of gear and gear set are difficult. Module, pressure angle and center distance are the most important parameters for gears. Their variations directly affect the transmission precision of gears. Through careful research of the influence of deviations of module and pressure angle, a novel method of gear tolerance analysis is proposed in this paper from the pers
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20

Güven, Fatih. "Effect of design parameters on stresses occurring at the tooth root in a spur gear pressed on a shaft." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 235, no. 4 (2021): 1164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408921995292.

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Gears are commonly used in transmission systems to adjust velocity and torque. An integral gear or an interference fit could be used in a gearbox. Integral gears are mostly preferred as driving gear for a compact design to reduce the weight of the system. Interference fit makes the replacement of damaged gear possible and re-use of the shaft compared to the integral shaft. However, internal pressure occurs between mating surfaces of the components mated. This internal pressure affects the stress distribution at the root and bottom land of the gear. In this case, gear parameters should be re-co
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21

Ismail, Mansoor Ali, and Mohammad Qasim Abdullah. "Generation and Experimental Stress Analysis of Elliptical Gears with Combined Teeth." Journal of Engineering 25, no. 10 (2019): 154–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2019.10.11.

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In this study, generation of elliptical gears with different teeth profiles of crowned involute, double circular arc (DCA), and combined (crowned involute with DCA) has been developed. The resulting mathematical equations have been computerized and feed to CNC end mill machine to manufacture elliptical gear models with different profiles. These models are investigated in plane polariscope to show the resulting stresses under certain load. Comparison of photo-elastic stress results shows that combined elliptical gears with DCA side as a loaded side have a minimum resulting contact stress with a
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22

Shen, Yun De, Guang Ma, Tai Hong Cheng, and Yong Li. "Modal Analyses of Rotating Gears for Compound Oscillatory Roller Transmission Gearbox." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 1663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.1663.

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The pre-stressed modal properties of planetary gears of compound oscillatory roller transmission gear reducer considering the external torque and rotating angular velocity were calculated in this work. For the boundary conditions, the large torque was considered to output gear and angular velocity for applying to middle gear. The resonant frequencies of output gear under external torque were a little higher than the case of no external loads, because the stiffness of gear will be changed with external loads. But the resonant frequencies of middle gear show the no changes under rotating angular
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23

Wang, Ya Zhou, Bo Chen, Chi Bing Hu, Shuo Tao Zhang, Te Li, and Yong Ping Liu. "Design of Third-Order Non-Circular Planetary Gear." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.305.

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The design of the third-order non-circular planetary gear is presented. In order to design the third-order non-circular planetary gear, the pitch of those gears is needed. Firstly theory and composition of the third-order non-circular planetary gear mechanism is introduced. Then according to the two conditions that the pitch should meet, the non-circular pitch formulas of the third-order non-circular planetary gear mechanism is given. Finally an application case of the center distance 3-4 type planetary gear mechanism was calculated by using the designed MATLAB program and created high-order e
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24

Zhang, Jian, Hong Cai Wu, and Hong Jie Wang. "A Method to Determine the Basic Value of Gear Root Stress Based on FEM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 86 (August 2011): 842–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.86.842.

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In order to improve the case that the safety margin is a little higher using GB3480 to determine the gear root stress, a method which combines the GB3480 and FEM to determine the basic value of gear root stress is proposed. Using FEM, the comprehensive gear root stress can be figured out firstly based on the accurate tooth profile model. Then the gear root stress can be determined more accurately according to the key coefficients. Using the proposed method, the basic value of the gear root stress for the gears given in this paper is decreased by 11%. The proposed method can provide the useful
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25

Bodzás, Sándor. "Analysis of the Effect of the Addendum Modification Coefficient for Contact Surfaces of Spur Gear." Strojnícky casopis – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 69, no. 1 (2019): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2019-0001.

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AbstractThe spur gear is widely used in many types of machines and appliances that is why the research of the connection analysis of them (Tooth Contact Analysis, TCA) is very important because of the development of these gears. The TCA analysis is a complex task because the mathematical description, the CAD modelling process, the overall designing process, the manufacturing process of the gears and the definition of the mechanical parameters have to be known. After the gear designing process the gear pairs have to be analysed by TCA method to determine the typical dimension of the mechanical
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26

Chodoła, Łukasz, Aleksander Mazurkow, Mirosław Surowaniec, Tadeusz Markowski, and Wojciech Homik. "Measurement Method of Temperature of the Face Gear Rim of a Spiroid Gear." Sensors 22, no. 22 (2022): 8860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228860.

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Spiroid gears are used to transfer heavy loads with a significant reduction in input speed. Like most toothed gears, they are lubricated with oil whose physical properties change with temperature fluctuations, affecting the durability and reliability of the gear. Bearing this in mind, gear designers plan systems for measuring oil temperature during gear operation at the design stage. The authors of this paper are of the opinion that, in the case of spiroid gears, it may be insufficient to measure only oil temperature during gear operation. It seems that the working temperature of a pair of mat
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27

Abadjiev, Valentin, and Emilia Abadjieva. "One Approach to the Synthesis, Design and Manufacture of Hyperboloid Gear Sets With Face Mating Gears. Part 1: Basic Theoretical and Cad Experience." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics 46, no. 2 (2016): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jtam-2016-0007.

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Abstract Hyperboloid gear drives with face mating gears are used to transform rotations between shafts with non-parallel and non-intersecting axes. A special case of these transmissions are Spiroid and Helicon gear drives. The classical gear drives of this type are the Archimedean ones. The objective of this study are hyperboloid gear drives with face meshing, when the pinion possesses threads of conic convolute, Archimedean and involute types, or the pinion has threads of cylindrical convolute, Archimedean and involute types. For simplicity, all three types transmis- sions with face mating ge
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28

Tuirán, Rafael, Héctor Águila, Esteve Jou, Xavier Escaler, and Toufik Mebarki. "Fault Diagnosis in a 2 MW Wind Turbine Drive Train by Vibration Analysis: A Case Study." Machines 13, no. 5 (2025): 434. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13050434.

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This paper presents a vibration analysis method for detecting typical faults in gears of the drive train of a 2 MW wind turbine. The data were collected over a one-year period from an operating wind turbine with a gearbox composed of one planetary stage and two helical gear stages. Failures in two pairs of helical gears were identified: one involving pitting and wear in the gears connecting the intermediate-speed shaft to the low-speed shaft, and another one involving significant material detachment in the gears connecting the intermediate-speed shaft to the high-speed shaft. The continuous ev
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29

Li, Yan Zhi, Li Huan Gao, and Xiao Yang Tang. "The Flow Pulsation Analysis of an External Gear Pump." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 2327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.2327.

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In this paper, the theoretical flow ripple of an external gear pump is studied for pumps of similar size using different numbers of teeth on the driving and driven gears. External gear pumps with three different types of tooth profiles are studied. Nondimensional flowrates and fluctuation coefficients of gear pumps are discussed. By using the formula, flowrates can be calculated accurately and efficiently. Results indicate that: in the case of the same displacement (except teeth number and tooth width, other parameters of the gear pump are the same) the gear pump flow pulsation decreases with
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30

Lyu, Yueling, Yangzhi Chen, and Yifan Lin. "The design formulae for skew line gear wheel structures oriented to the additive manufacturing technology based on strength analysis." Mechanical Sciences 8, no. 2 (2017): 369–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-8-369-2017.

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Abstract. In this paper, the design methodology for a skew line gear pair oriented to additive manufacturing technology, with an one-tooth driving line gear and its coupled driven line gear, used for the conventional powered transmission, is researched based on strength analysis. First, the expressions of meshing forces on the line tooth of line gears are deduced; the deformations and stresses of existing structures of a line gear pair are analyzed by using ANSYS Workbench. Then, the reliable structure and the parameters standardization formulae of a line gear pair are deduced by stiffness and
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31

Sachidananda, H. K., K. Raghunandana, and B. Shivamurthy. "Power loss analysis in altered tooth-sum spur gearing." MATEC Web of Conferences 144 (2018): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814401015.

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The main cause of power loss or dissipation of heat in case of meshed gears is due to friction existing between gear tooth mesh and is a major concern in low rotational speed gears, whereas in case of high operating speed the power loss taking place due to compression of air-lubricant mixture (churning losses) and windage losses due to aerodynamic trial of air lubricant mixture which controls the total efficiency needs to be considered. Therefore, in order to improve mechanical efficiency it is necessary for gear designer during gear tooth optimization to consider these energy losses. In this
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32

Hedrih, Katica (Stevanović), and Vera Nikolić-Stanojević. "A Model of Gear Transmission: Fractional Order System Dynamics." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2010 (2010): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/972873.

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A theoretical model of multistep gear transmission dynamics is presented. This model is based on the assumption that the connection between the teeth of the gears is with properties within the range from ideal clasic to viscoelastic so that a new model of connection between the teeth was expressed by means of derivative of fractional order. For this model a two-step gear transmision with three degrees of freedom of motion has been used. The obtained solutions are in the analytic form of the expansion according to time. As boundary cases this model gives results for the case of ideally elastic
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33

DOROFTEI, IOAN, OVIDIU-VASILE CRIVOI, and IOAN+ALEXANDRU DOROFTEI. "Theoretical aspects of internal-external gear pairs with small difference in numbers of teeth and their applications to cycloidal gear mechanisms." Journal of Engineering Sciences and Innovation 9, no. 2 (2024): 113–28. https://doi.org/10.56958/jesi.2024.9.2.113.

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The transmission ratio of a cycloidal drive with one internal-external gear pair increases as the difference in numbers of theeth of these gears decrease. For an internal external gear pair with involute tooth profile, the difference between their theeth numbers cannot be lower than a certain limit because of tooth tip interference. In this paper, a study has been made to examine the possibility of lowering this difference as much as possible, by choosing appropriate value for the distance between the axes of the two gears, along with adjusting the addendum modification coefficients. First, so
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34

Zhou, Zhenyu, Yuanyuan Zhang, Mou Li, et al. "A Collaborative Design Method for the Cylindrical Gear Paired with Skived Face Gears Driven by Contact Performances." Mathematics 13, no. 7 (2025): 1180. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13071180.

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Skiving is an efficient method for manufacturing face gears, but theoretical machining errors may occur when face gears designed for shaping or grinding are processed by skiving. This study presents a face gear directly designed for the skiving process, eliminating theoretical machining errors. Additionally, a new design approach for the cylindrical gear is proposed to pair with this face gear. The tooth surface models of both the cylindrical pinion and face gear are established. For the pinion, surface modifications are applied in both profile and longitudinal directions, while the face gear’
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35

Kharka, Vishal, Pravin Kumar, Neelesh Kumar Jain, and Kapil Gupta. "Flank Surface Treatment of Spur Gears Machined by MQL Assisted Hobbing Using Micro-Plasma Transferred Arc." Defect and Diffusion Forum 417 (June 28, 2022): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-489n95.

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In the present study, feasibility of micro-plasma transferred arc (M-PTA) for flank surface treatment of gears has been explored. 20MnCr5 spur gears manufactured by sustainable technique minimum quantity lubrication assisted hobbing (MQLAH) were subjected to M-PTA-based heat treatment for further improving the surface properties of flank surface and comparisons were made with respect to M-PTA treated gears machined by conventional flood lubrication assisted hobbing (FLAH). The results revealed that M-PTA enhanced flank surface hardness of all the gears without deteriorating the gear accuracy.
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36

Han, Zhengyang, Chuang Jiang, Xiaozhong Deng, Congcong Zhang, Longlong Geng, and Yong Feng. "The Grinding and Correction of Face Gears Based on an Internal Gear Grinding Machine." Machines 12, no. 8 (2024): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines12080496.

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This paper presents a method of calculating and correcting grinding face gears on an internal gear grinding machine. The generating principle of face gears is studied, and the feasibility of grinding motion on an internal gear grinding machine is analyzed. Then, the motions that need to be followed for grinding are analyzed based on the gear machine tool structure. Four main error sources causing tooth surface deviation in the grinding movements are proposed. The mathematical modeling of the grinding of face gears containing proposed error sources on an internal gear grinding machine is accura
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Dong, Peng, Yongfei Wang, Shengdun Zhao, et al. "Design and experimental study of novel multi-stage gearbox." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 235, no. 1 (2020): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020945823.

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Automatic transmission has been widely used in the automotive industry, and novel automatic transmissions with simple structure and reliable operation are a research hotspot. This paper proposes an automatic transmission with multi-stage gears to simplify its working process. The automatic transmission comprises a case and a driving transmission shaft and driven shaft which are mounted on the case. The transmission gear pairs are superimposed on the driving and driven shafts similar to a tower. The gear pairs on the driving and driven shafts are always engaged. All the driving gears are connec
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Abadjiev, Valentin, and Emilia Abadjieva. "One Approach to the Synthesis, Design and Manufacture of Hyperboloid Gear Sets with Face Mating Gears. Part 2: Review of Practical Realization." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics 46, no. 3 (2016): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jtam-2016-0013.

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Abstract Hyperboloid gear drives with face mating gears are used to transform rotations between shafts with non-parallel and non-intersecting axes. A special case of these transmissions are Spiroid1 and Helicon gear drives. The classical gear drives of this type are Archimedean ones. The objective of this study are hyperboloid gear drives with face meshing, when the pinion has threads of conic convolute, Archimedean and involute types, or the pinion has threads of cylindrical convolute, Archimedean and involute types. For simplicity, all three type transmissions with face mating gears and a co
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Meuleman, P. Klein, D. Walton, K. D. Dearn, D. J. Weale, and I. Driessen. "Minimization of transmission errors in highly loaded plastic gear trains." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 221, no. 9 (2007): 1117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes439.

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Transmission errors (TEs) are an important source of unwanted noise and vibration in gear drives. Errors can result from geometrical inaccuracies and from elastic deformations. Plastic drives are often loaded in a way that produces high deflections relative to steel gears, and the elastic component of TE is relatively more important. Furthermore, plastic gears are often run in mesh with gears made from steel or other metals. In this case there is a large difference in tooth stiffness, which leads to unusual TE problems. The current paper discusses the origins of elastic TEs and means of their
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TUSZYŃSKI, Waldemar, Michał GIBAŁA, Marek KALBARCZYK, et al. "CHARACTERISTICS OF A NEW TEST RIG AND METHODOLOGY FOR CYCLIC TESTING OF GEAR TOOTH BENDING FATIGUE STRENGTH." Tribologia 283, no. 1 (2019): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1438.

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Tooth fracture is the most dangerous form of gear wear that excludes the gear from further use. In order to counteract the occurrence of this type of damage, it is very important to properly design the toothed gear. To calculate the gear tooth bending strength, a strength parameter called the nominal stress number σFlim is necessary. ISO 6336-5:2003(E) and available material databases provide σFlim values for the most popular engineering materials used for gears, including those for case-hardened steels. There is, however, no data for a new generation of nanostructured engineering materials, w
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Zhou, Chi, Qi Wang, Liangjin Gui, and Zijie Fan. "A numerical method for calculating the misalignments of planetary gears." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 10 (2018): 2624–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018804114.

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Because misalignments derived from the deflections of transmission systems have significant effects on the load capacity of planetary gears, these misalignments should be accurately considered in the analysis of planetary gears. Here, we develop a new approach for misalignment calculations of cylindrical planetary gears. A nonlinear model of a planetary gear transmission system is built based on the finite element method and nonlinear bearing theory for misalignment calculations that can precisely simulate the structural characteristics and mechanical properties of a planetary gear system. The
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Liu, Genshen, Peitang Wei, Kerui Chen, Huaiju Liu, and Zehua Lu. "Polymer gear contact fatigue reliability evaluation with small data set based on machine learning." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 9, no. 2 (2022): 583–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwac020.

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Abstract Polymer gears have shown potential in power transmission by their comprehensive mechanical properties. One of the significant concerns with expanding their applications is the deficiency of reliability evaluation methods considering small data set circumstances. This work conducts a fair number of polyoxymethylene (POM) gear durability tests with adjustable loading and lubrication conditions via a gear durability test rig. A novel machine learning-based reliability model is developed to evaluate contact fatigue reliability for the POM gears with such a data set. Results reveal that th
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Selvaganapathy, M., and N. Nishavithri. "SMART WHEELCHAIR/VEHICLE FOR PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED PEOPLE WITH REVERSE GEAR OPERATION." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 11 (2021): 1031–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13836.

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This paper aims to design the vehicle for the physically challenged person with reverse gear system. This proposed vehicle helps them not to believe any third persons to require a reverse gear. Here we used \"tumbler gear” mechanism for our prototype where the gear is accustomed by changing the direction of gear. It contains two gears which place in parallel by changing their position with motor direction; that are often changed but in real time application we\'d wish to use ideal gear system with gear box. Also the bike contains ultrasonic sensor which supports echo signals to supply alert on
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Zhang, Li Yong, Chang Lu Wang, Zhong Ming Liu, et al. "Study on UV-LIGA Technology Fabrication of Micro Gear Transmission Device." Applied Mechanics and Materials 86 (August 2011): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.86.273.

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With advantages of high efficiency and stable quality, UV-LIGA technology is regarded as an important developmental direction of micro forming technology. In the paper, the UV-LIGA production procedure and the processing parameters on fabrication of micro gear were determined through manufacturing experiments. The involute profile micro gear samples and the cases were fabricated based on UV-LIGA technology. The micro gears with parameters of modular m=0.04mm, tooth number z =18 were made of Nickel. The size, elastic modulus and the indentation hardness of the micro gear were measured. The resu
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Pacana, Jacek. "Development of Bevel Gear Motion Transmission Graphs with FEM." Key Engineering Materials 490 (September 2011): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.490.83.

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The article presents the course of the calculations and conclusions from the analysis of a bevel gear motion transmission using FEM. The motion transmission graphs show the angular variation of the driven gear in the case of a driving pinion that rotates with a constant angular velocity. In contrary to the classical Tooth Contact Analysis, which is carried out on stiff bodies, FEM analysis includes deformations of mating gears. Thus, it brings more realistic information on dynamic behavior and noise characteristic of analyzed gear drive.
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Glodež, Srečko, and Marko Šori. "Bending Fatigue Analysis of PM Gears." Key Engineering Materials 754 (September 2017): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.754.299.

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The paper discusses the computational and experimental approach for determination of the PM gears service life concerning bending fatigue in a gear tooth root. A proposed computational model is based on the stress-life approach where the stress field in a gear tooth root is determined numerically using FEM. The experimental procedure was done on a custom made back-to-back gear testing rig. The comparison between computational and experimental results has shown that the proposed computational approach is appropriate calculation method for service life estimation of sintered gears regarding toot
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Susanto, Adi, Hendrawan Syafrie, Hery Sutrawan Nurdin, et al. "Lost Gear on Blue Swimming Crab Fisheries in Banten Bay: Case of Abandoned, Lost or Discarded Fishing Gear." Marine Fisheries : Journal of Marine Fisheries Technology and Management 13, no. 2 (2022): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jmf.v13i2.41961.

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Blue swimming crab is one of the capture fisheries sector leading commodities in Banten Bay which is caught using gill nets and collapsible traps. The risk of lost fishing gears during operation is very high, both due to the bad weather and interactions with other fishing gear. The Abandoned, Lost or Discarded Fishing Gear (ALDFG) contributes significantly to the abundance of marine plactics in the world which has a negative impact on the sustainability of fish resources, water quality and endangers the safety of navigation. Nevertheless, there have been no mitigation activities and efforts to
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Bai, Bo, Yuhua Kuang, Wenchao Guo, and Shimin Mao. "Influence of Misalignment on Beveloid Gear Tooth Contact and Dynamic Characteristics in Transfer Case Transmission of AWD Vehicle." Shock and Vibration 2022 (March 7, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7565845.

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Beveloid gears are usually employed to transfer motion of small shaft angle, but the assembly errors or misalignment can affect the gear tooth contact and dynamic performance. A dynamic model and tooth contact analysis model of the intersecting beveloid gear pair are established, the defects of the theoretical tooth surface in the meshing are analyzed, and a microgeometry modification method to improve the meshing performance is proposed. At the same time, the effects of system misalignment and manufacturing errors on its meshing characteristics are considered. By studying the sensitivity of t
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Kodeeswaran, M., R. Suresh, and S. Senthilvelan. "Effect of strain rate on bending and transmission characteristics of injection molded polyamide 66 spur gears." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 233, no. 6 (2017): 1145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420717724484.

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Polymer material exhibits time-dependent mechanical behavior due to its viscoelastic characteristics. Thus, unlike steel gears, polymer gears exhibit complex behavior when transmitting loads at various rotational speeds. In general, gear tooth surfaces exhibit complex stress due to their nonconformal geometry. Hence, the nonlinear material and nonlinear geometric aspects of polymer gear mesh prompted an investigation of the bending and transmission characteristics of injection molded polyamide 66 gears at various strain rate conditions. The injection molded tensile specimens made from the gear
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Dai, Yu, Caihua Yang, and Xiang Zhu. "Investigations of the Windage Losses of a High-Speed Shrouded Gear via the Lattice Boltzmann Method." Applied Sciences 14, no. 20 (2024): 9174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14209174.

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To suppress the adverse effect of the gear windage phenomenon in the high-speed aeronautic industry, a shroud as an effective alternative strategy is usually to enclose gears to reduce the windage behaviors of high-speed gears. To deeply understand these no-load power losses, this paper proposes a new simulation methodology based on the Lattice Boltzmann method to study the windage losses of a shrouded spur gear and conducts a series of numerical studies. The models reproduce a shroud spur gear varying radial and axial clearances to evaluate the influence of casing walls on windage losses. The
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