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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gears

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Academic literature on the topic 'Gears'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Gears"

1

Liu, Hu Ran. "Fundamental Equations of Load Deviation of the Gears in Compound Gearing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 2912–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.2912.

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Based on the torsion deformation the gear body and the contact deformation of tooth surface, the fundamental equations of load of the gear was presented, thus established the theoretical basis of the load derivation of the gearing. In this paper, the torsion deformation of the circular arc gears is analyzed first. Then the second order differential equation for the tooth surface load distribution of the involutes gears has been deduced. ompound gearing means more than 2 gears are in meshing with each other. For example, gear1 drives gear2 while gear2 inturn drives gear3. This paper deals the load deviation in this situation.

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Allam, Abdelrahman, Medhat Moussa, Cole Tarry, and Matthew Veres. "Detecting Teeth Defects on Automotive Gears Using Deep Learning." Sensors 21, no. 24 (2021): 8480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248480.

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Gears are a vital component in many complex mechanical systems. In automotive systems, and in particular vehicle transmissions, we rely on them to function properly on different types of challenging environments and conditions. However, when a gear is manufactured with a defect, the gear’s integrity can become compromised and lead to catastrophic failure. The current inspection process used by an automotive gear manufacturer in Guelph, Ontario, requires human operators to visually inspect all gear produced. Yet, due to the quantity of gears manufactured, the diverse array of defects that can arise, the time requirements for inspection, and the reliance on the operator’s inspection ability, the system suffers from poor scalability, and defects can be missed during inspection. In this work, we propose a machine vision system for automating the inspection process for gears with damaged teeth defects. The implemented inspection system uses a faster R-CNN network to identify the defects, and combines domain knowledge to reduce the manual inspection of non-defective gears by 66%.

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Curà, F., A. Mura, L. Corsaro, and A. Revilla. "DIC analysis of gears in bending condition." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1275, no. 1 (2023): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1275/1/012038.

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Abstract Thin rim gears present a complex strain and stress field due to its particular geometry, above all in bending problems. From this point of view, the position of the most stressed point and the corresponding equivalent stress value are useful for an accurate design of thin rim gears. More in detail, in case of bending failure, both crack initiation point and corresponding propagation path are strictly related to the gear’s geometry. In this work, an experimental analysis was performed to evaluate how light weight gears geometry may influence the strain field close to the tooth root. To this aim, an experimental activity was carried on by a dedicated equipment for bending tests and the gear deformation was monitored by using the 3D Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique. The local strain field in both tooth and web portions was measured for two types of gears (standard gear and thin-rim gear) in order to identify the stress condition due to the bending loading. A particular attention was devoted to point out the most stressed point for both gears. Results were also compared with XFEM model available in literature.

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YANASE, Yoshikoto, Yuji ASHIZAWA, Masashi OCHI, and Hiroshi GUMBARA. "GM-12 GEAR GRINDING MACHINE FOR INTERNAL GEARS OF PLANETARY GEAR SYSTEM(MANUFACTURING OF GEARS)." Proceedings of the JSME international conference on motion and power transmissions 2009 (2009): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeimpt.2009.159.

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Saketharaman, K., C. M. Meenakshi, and D. Ravi. "Analyzing the Life Prediction of Spur Gear based on Vinyl Ester with Different Fibre Proportion." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2272, no. 1 (2022): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2272/1/012014.

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Abstract The gear is an essential part of every mechanical power transmission system, as well as most industrial rotating machinery. Gears may grow to dominate as the most effective mechanism for transmitting power in future machines due to their high degree of durability and compactness. The vinyl ester resin have high strength and low frictional of porous carbon material. The Vinyl ester resin is used as a reinforced material in plastic gear. In this work, Vinyl Ester and Glass fiber composite material with different proportions were equipped for strengthen cast plastic gear. The spur gear pair was used as the test gears, and the glass transition temperature and fatigue tests were used to determine the gear's life span. Finally, the composite gear has to be analyzed.

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Man, Yong Kui, Chang Cheng Xu, and Shuang Quan Wang. "Research on Torque Production of a New Magnetic Gear." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 4244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.4244.

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Gear is essential in modern powertrain. While the overwhelming majority of existing gear's power transmission is relying on direct contact of the engagement mechanically, this paper is the study of a novel non-contact magnetic gear. The new structure is especially useful for the requirement of big gear ratio because of its high load ability. Such gear, with high research value, has many advantages over mechanical gears and may replace mechanical gears in many applications. Torque is so basic at factors such as mechanical work, energy consumption, efficiency, operating life and safety. For the basic mechanical components to transmit motion and power----- gears, the torque measurement and analysis seems of great significance in determination and control of load, working parts' intensity design and material selection. Torque analysis is a method which researchers could benefit from much, in order to clarify the practicality of this new gear, it is necessary to utilize theory of torque and the conclusions drawn from simulation to research the structure of this new gear situation. The study can clarify prospect of the gear and provide a theoretical basis for further design.

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Huang, Hai, Hai Xiang Li, and Qi Han Luo. "Point-Line Meshing Gear Drive." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 3391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.3391.

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Point-line meshing gear is a new-styled gear characterized by both easy manufacturing and divisibility of involute gears and high strength for contacting between convex and concave tooth profiles of a circular-arc gear. And contact strength of point-line meshing gears has improved by 1~2 times in comparison with involute gears, and bending strength of such gears has improved by approximately 15%, while noise has decreased even by 5～10dB (A). In addition, with the increase of load, noise will decrease by 3~4 dB (A). Only a few teeth or even 2~3 teeth are required for a pinion gear. There are single point-line meshing gears (equivalent to single arc gear), double point-line meshing gears (equivalent to double arc gear) and few-tooth point-line meshing gears, totaling three kinds, which are widely used in reducers for metallurgy, mining, craning, transport and chemical industries. And the three kinds of gears can be converted into soft tooth-flank, medium tooth-flank and hard tooth-flank gears. Here the types, characters, meshing features and dimension calculation of point-line meshing gears are described.

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Hsieh, Long Chang, Teu Hsia Chen, and Hsiu Chen Tang. "On the Kinematic and Meshing Efficiency Analysis of Planetary Gear Reducer with Two Ring Gears." Applied Mechanics and Materials 575 (June 2014): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.575.395.

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Planetary gear trains can be used as the gear reducers with high reduction ratio. This paper focused on the kinematic and meshing efficiency analysis of planetary simple gear reducer with two ring gears. First, the planetary simple gear train with two ring gears is proposed by using different shift coefficients. Then, by referring to the train value equation, the reduction-ratio equation is derived for the design the planetary gear reducer with two ring gears. According to reduction-ratio equation, the planetary gear reducers with two ring gears and having reduction ratios (20, 50, and 100) are synthesized. Then, based on the latent power theorem, the meshing efficiency equation of planetary gear train with two ring gears is derived. According to the meshing efficiency equation, the meshing efficiencies of planetary gear trains with two ring gears are analyzed. In this paper, we conclude: (1) Larger reduction ratio makes less meshing efficiency, and (2) The meshing efficiency of planetary gear reducer with two ring gears is not good.

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Liu, Xing, Kazuteru Nagamura, and Kiyotaka Ikejo. "Simulation on the vibration characteristics of elliptical gears." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 227, no. 4 (2012): 819–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406212454372.

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Elliptical gear drive is a typical non-circular gear drive, which can be used to transmit a variable-ratio rotation and power simultaneously. To date, elliptical gears are commonly used in automatic machinery, pumps, flow meters and printing presses. However, the vibration characteristics of elliptical gears have not been clarified yet. Due to the non-uniform rotation, the vibration of elliptical gear demonstrates particular characteristics, which should be paid attention to in practical application. This article presents a simulation method on the vibration characteristics of elliptical gears. The torsional vibration simulation model of elliptical gears is established and the simulation programme is developed. The particular gear mesh characteristics of elliptical gears are determined and both the inertial effects of the driving and driven sides of elliptical gears are taken into account in the simulation programme. By means of the simulation programme, two elliptical gear pairs which are a single elliptical gear pair and a double elliptical gear pair and, for comparison, two circular gear pairs which are of the same gear properties as the two elliptical gear pairs respectively are investigated. The torque variations, the rotation speed variations and the circumferential vibration accelerations of elliptical gears are analysed. Furthermore, the critical rotation speeds of tooth separation of elliptical gear drives are obtained and their relations with the load torques are also unveiled. Meanwhile the experiments of the test gears are carried out. The agreement of the simulative results and experimental results proves the validity of the simulation method on the vibration characteristics of elliptical gears proposed in this article.

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Alipiiev, Ognyan. "Bidirectional modification of gears in the generalized theory of meshing." MATEC Web of Conferences 287 (2019): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928701006.

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An important part of “Generalized theory”, developed by the author of this article, is the “bidirectional modification” of involute gears. The main point of the proposed modification is that together with the traditional “radial modification” of the basic rack, an additional “tangential modification” of the side profiles of the rack-cutters is introduced. As a result, the area of possible existence of involute gear drives in the generalized theory is considerably extended. Based on the bidirectional modification, a new classification of involute gears at their meshing with a rack cutter is proposed. The classification is characterized by a significant variety, which is composed of thirteen different types of gears: a zero gear; two radially modified gears; two tangentially modified gears and eight two-way modified gears. Based on the bidirectional modification in radial and tangential directions, a new classification of the involute gear drives is proposed. The classification is composed of sixteen different types of gear drives: a zero gear drive, three equally-modified gear drives; two balanced gear drives; five positive gear drives and five negative gear drives.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gears"

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Khodaee, Alireza. "Gear Rolling for Production of High Gears." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-173510.

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Gears are used to transmit mechanical workfrom one point to another. They are widely used in different mechanisms and they are the most important components of a transmission system. Thus, it is important that they are manufactured with high precision to deliver the work with highest possible efficiency. The dominant gear production method is metal cutting, like hobbing. The gear manufacturing industry aims to replace their traditional production lines with greener processes and thereby urge engineers to think about using metal forming methods instead of the traditional metal cutting solutions when possible. Gear rolling is an interesting metal forming method that can be an alternative method to fabricate gear wheels. Research on gear rolling firstly came into interest around 2000. Very few papers are published that covers the development of the method and its limitations and advantages. Almost all of these publications considered rolling of gear wheels with small modules. The focus of this study will be on application of gear rolling for gear wheels with large module (over 3 mm) where the amount of deformation is much larger than found in previous studies. In this thesis the Finite Element Method has been used to simulate and predict the results of rolling of high gears. In addition to that experiments were performed to validate the numerical results and develop the modelling technique for further investigations. The main topic of discussion is about the gear quality as a measure of the success for the process. Extra attention has been paid to the effects of friction and process planning in the result of process loads and also on the gear quality. The thesis structure is based on four published papers, and some additional results from the experiments which have not yet been published. According to the results of these papers, the effect of friction and process parameters are recognized in the final product quality. It is shown that FEM has a great potential in order to model and analyze the gear rolling process. A new approach to combine numerical methods with quality measurement to predict the process outcomes is also presented. The results show that gear wheels with a module of 4mm reach an ISO quality level between 11 and 12. This is substantially lower quality than can be obtained with metal cutting operations. The results of this thesis can be used as the starting point for future research to optimize the quality of gear rolling for high gears.<br><p>QC 20150914</p>

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Wu, Xionghua. "Vibration of Planetary Gears Having an Elastic Continuum Ring Gear." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1276524893.

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Case, Sarah S. "Instantaneous Kinematic Analyses of Spur and Helical Gear Pairs Having Runout and Wobble Errors." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523908436619245.

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Persson, Johan. "Modelling and Simulation of Compact Gears for Industrial Robots." Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-16826.

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<p><p>In order to be competitive in the markets of today, more and more companies try to make their production more effective by automation. Consequently more money is invested in robots and the operability of the robots becomes increasingly important. Undetected faults may result in damages, both to the robot itself and to the operator, which make detection and prediction of faults important.</p><p>The gearboxes responsible for controlling the motions of the robots are essential for their functionality. In order to increase the understanding about them this project focuses on creating a model of the stress distribution inside a gearbox.</p><p>First, the geometry of the gearbox is measured and digitalized using a vernier caliper, a protractor, a ruler and the CAD-program Solid Works. Then the geometry is imported into the finite element program Samcef.</p><p>In Samcef, the interaction between the parts in the gearbox is modeled and a dynamic simulation of the stresses inside the gearbox during a robot cycle performed.</p><p>Since there are almost no experience about Samcef at ABB SECRC, part of the project is to evaluate the program and comment the experiences received when using it.</p><p>Two main power transmission steps are identified, modeled and simulated. They are merged together into a big model where both steps are present. This model consists of all the essential power transmission inside the gearbox, from input to output. The load applied is a rotational movement on the input axle during a robot cycle.</p></p>

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Eritenel, Tugan. "Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Dynamics and Vibration Reduction of Gear Pairs and Planetary Gears." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1298651902.

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Scherer, Markus Josef. "VIBRATION HEALTH MONITORING OF GEARS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/820.

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Monitoring the health of vibrating gears is important to ensure proper operation especially in potentially life-threatening structures, such as helicopters, nuclear power plants, and uninterruptible power supply transitions in hospitals. The most common monitoring technique is casing mounted accelerometers to measure vibration. In contrast, during the last few years acoustic monitoring techniques have also provided a few diagnostic methods for gear failure. Current diagnostic methods to indicate improper gear behavior use either existing vibration data, recorded from defective gear systems, or modern dynamic models predicting gear failure behavior. This thesis uses dynamic models to indicate, predict, and diagnose healthy and unhealthy gear systems. Influence of Tip Relief on contact forces are introduced for a decent understanding of gear dynamics followed by evaluation of common gear failure mechanisms. Two software systems were used to model gear failure: Adams®, a vibration based software that uses a rigid-elastic model for multi-body dynamics, and LSDYNA ®, a transient dynamic finite element solver, capable of solving acoustic problems with the boundary element method. Results describe tooth loads along the line of contact with respect to different Tip Reliefs and contact ratios. Gear failure is examined using a Fast Fourier Transformation to characterize patterns that can be used to diagnose unhealthy gear systems. Agreement of experimental results validates theoretical predictions of analytical and numerical solutions of gear failure especially of tooth breakage.

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Hotait, Mohammad Adel. "A Theoretical and Experimental Investigation on Bending Strength and Fatigue Life of Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gears." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1296853688.

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Wang, Jiande. "Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Spur Gears in Mesh." Thesis, Curtin University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/879.

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The investigation of numerical methods for modelling the mechanism properties of involute spur gears in mesh, over the mesh cycle, forms the major part of this thesis. Gearing is perhaps one of the most critical components in power transmission systems and the transmission error of gears in mesh is considered to be one of the main causes of gear noise and vibration. Numerous papers have been published on gear transmission error measurement and many investigations have been devoted to gear vibration analysis. There still, however, remains to be developed a general Finite Element Model capable of predicting the effect of variations in rigid body gear tooth position, in which the critical stage is the prediction of gear behaviour with profile modifications (including tip-relief).In this thesis, FEA results have been obtained by using various techniques including: (a) adaptive re-mesh with contacts using quad (2D) and brick (3D) elements and (b) the element birth and death option. Tooth profile modifications can affect the behaviour of the gear meshing including the T.E., ratio of local deformation and load-sharing ratio results, etc, providing an alternative method for gear design. In the high order end, the elastic strains of the gear-shaft system have also been investigated. The results in this thesis have shown the potential for using strain-vibration relationships to monitor or control the transmission system. The investigations have also included some analysis with non-metallic gears, an application area that is rapidly growing. The results achieved here are at a fundamental stage, and further research would necessitate applying a coupled field analysis (structural and thermal).

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Sjöberg, Sören. "On the running-in of gears." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Machine Elements, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-12750.

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<p>The general trend in gear industry, today, is an increased focus on gear transmission efficiency. Gear transmission efficiency losses arise from loaded and unloaded gear contacts, seals, lubricant and bearings. One way of minimising the losses is to lower the lubricant viscosity. This will reduce the speed dependent losses. However, the load dependent losses might increase. To avoid this, the ratio between lubricant film thickness and surface roughness must be maintained, which can be fulfilled by producing smoother gear surfaces. As a starting point for this realisation process, the present manufacturing processes, the design tools and the characteristics of the gear flank interface must be further investigated and developed. This must be achieved with an emphasis on economic production.</p><p>This thesis focuses on our understanding of how different gear manufacturing methods —particularly the contribution of the running-in process—affect the surface characteristics, with the view of increasing gearbox efficiency. The thesis consists of a summary and three appended papers.</p><p>Paper A and paper B discuss the relationship between design parameters and real gear wheel surfaces manufactured with different manufacturing methods. The research hypothesis was that the contact area ratio is a descriptive parameter for the contact condition. Paper A deals with the influence of manufacturing method on the initial contact conditions and also serves as a validation of the simulation program used. The emphasis in Paper B is the changes that occur during running-in, and to correlate these changes to design requirements. Paper C approaches the influences of manganese phosphate-coating and lubricants with respect to friction and the risk of scuffing at the initial contact.</p><p>The main conclusions of this thesis are that the contact area ratio presents a descriptive measure of how surface topography influences the contact, seen at both a global (form deviation) and local (roughness) level. The surface topography caused by the manufacturing method has a significant influence on the contact area ratio. This is an important result, since neither national standards nor commercially available gear evaluation programs handle surface topography on the local scale. Shaving was found to have the highest contact area ratio, and should therefore be the best choice if deviations from case hardening could be minimised. It is also confirmed that gear-like surfaces coated with manganese phosphate have a low coefficient of friction, and raise the limiting load for scuffing failure enormously compared to the ground equivalent.</p><br>QC 20100518<br>KUGG<br>Sustainable gear transmission realization

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Vogel, Olaf [Verfasser]. "Gear-Tooth-Flank and Gear-Tooth-Contact Analysis for Hypoid Gears : An Application of Singularity Theory / Olaf Vogel." Aachen : Shaker, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1170528155/34.

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Books on the topic "Gears"

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Jelaska, Damir. Gears and Gear Drives. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118392393.

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Jelaska, Damir. Gears and Gear Drives. John Wiley & Sons, 2012.

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Vullo, Vincenzo. Gears. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36502-8.

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Vullo, Vincenzo. Gears. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38632-0.

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Vullo, Vincenzo. Gears. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40164-1.

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Pat, Triggs, and Millard Peter ill, eds. Gears. Gareth Stevens Pub., 1994.

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Litvin, F. L. Topology of modified helical gears and tooth contact analysis (TCA) program. Lewis Research Center, 1989.

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Gears and gear manufacture: The fundamentals. Chapman & Hall, 1997.

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Klyepikov, Viktor. Processing gears. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24635.

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Carlopio, James. Changing Gears. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230596016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gears"

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Sachs, Neville W. "Gears." In Practical Plant Failure Analysis. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429451041-11.

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Mallik, Asok Kumar, Amitabha Ghosh, and Günter Dittrich. "Gears." In Kinematic Analysis and Synthesis of Mechanisms. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429327278-10.

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Simón Mata, Antonio, Alex Bataller Torras, Juan Antonio Cabrera Carrillo, et al. "Gears." In Fundamentals of Machine Theory and Mechanisms. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31970-4_8.

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Koch, Grady. "Gears." In Learn Engineering with LEGO. Apress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-9280-8_4.

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Vullo, Vincenzo. "Gear Trains and Planetary Gears." In Springer Series in Solid and Structural Mechanics. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36502-8_13.

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Colbourne, J. R. "Gear Cutting II, Helical Gears." In The Geometry of Involute Gears. Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4764-7_17.

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Colbourne, J. R. "Gear Cutting I, Spur Gears." In The Geometry of Involute Gears. Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4764-7_6.

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Linke, Heinz, Jörg Börner, and Ralf Heß. "Overview and General Principles." In Cylindrical Gears. Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9781569904909.001.

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Linke, Heinz, Jörg Börner, and Ralf Heß. "Gear Teeth Geometry." In Cylindrical Gears. Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9781569904909.002.

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Linke, Heinz, Jörg Börner, and Ralf Heß. "Meshing Interferences." In Cylindrical Gears. Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9781569904909.003.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gears"

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Glover, Rodney. "Design of High Speed Gears, Low Load Gears for Minimizing Gear Whine Noise." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13676.

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The main purpose of the supercharger timing gears is to keep the rotors from contacting each other. They are often lightly loaded and designed for low noise. As timing gears, they have by definition a ratio of 1.0. Furthermore, the timing gears are presently spur gears due to the cost of assembling helical gears onto the rotor shafts without allowing timing errors between the rotors. The original timing gear designs were spur gears with contact ratios slightly above 2.0. A major NVH issue has been gear whine noise, because most applications are in luxury vehicles and are evaluated with the hood open and the engine at idle. In this operating condition, the background noise is very low and any tonal gear whine noise is audible. The first effort was to push the gear manufacturing quality to the limits of modern grinding capability. In order to further reduce gear whine noise, the designs have evolved to finer pitch gearing with a contact ratio over 3.0 to reduce transmission error. Micro-geometries were optimized for low transmission error (TE) at low load. OSU Gear Lab’s RMC and LDP became primary tools in optimizing the gear designs for minimum TE. An important factor when increasing the contact ratio is to not increase the sliding friction significantly to keep the fixed oil sump temperature from increasing too much and cause wear issues in operation. Typically, the new high contact ratio spur gear designs in production have reduced the gear whine levels by more than 6 dB and have had very few noise complaints.

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Kawasaki, Yoshihiro, Eiichi Aoyama, Toshiki Hirogaki, Tetsurou Ise, and Eiji Hara. "Strength Criteria for Designing Hybrid-Fiber Reinforced Plastic Gears." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66394.

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In this study, we investigated the bending fracture characteristic of FRP gears as an important design criterion. Gears made from four kinds of laminated materials were tested: cotton reinforced phenolic resin, cotton-carbon (30%:70%), cotton-aramid (70%:30%, 40:60%), aramid, and glass fiber cloth. Cotton-cloth and cotton-aramid cloth are called hybrid-fiber cloth in this paper. Gears were reinforced by setting the fiber cloth in radial and circumferential directions and were manufactured by hobbing. This results in the same bending fracture strength for all the gear teeth. First, we investigated the tensile strength of the laminated materials because this is a fundamental design criterion for metallic gears. Second, we estimated the bending fracture strength of each gear’s teeth because this is a fundamental evaluation index in the design of gears. Theoretically, the bending fracture strength of a gear is in proportion to the tensile strength of the materials from which it is made. However, in our experiments, we found this was not the case. To discover the cause, we looked at the fracture position on each gear tooth. That of the cotton-carbon gear was more towards the tip of the tooth than the in other gears, and that of the glass fiber gear occurred on the compressive pressure side of the tooth root. We then investigated the shearing strength and compressive strength of the materials because these may have influenced the position of the fracture points. The shearing strength of the cotton-carbon laminated material was low compared with its tensile strength, as was the compressive strength of the glass fiber laminated material. We found that if the shearing strength is low compared with the tensile strength, the position of the fracture that occurs is towards the tip of the gear tooth. If the compressive strength is low compared with the tensile strength, a fracture on the compressive side occurs. Our results show that it is necessary to consider the tensile, compressive, and shearing strength of FRP materials when designing gears made from FRP.

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Cofer, John W., and Phil Winterton. "Elevated Gear Characteristics in P/M Gears." In International Congress & Exposition. SAE International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/960277.

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Ohisa, Tadayoshi, Akira Shoji, Masanori Sasaki, and Katsumi Inoue. "A Study on Noise and Wear of Injection Molded Plastic Gears With Deformed Layer." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/ptg-48064.

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The injection molded plastic gears are widely used for rotation and power transmission for the reason of the low noise and the low cost. The deformed layer such as the skin layer appears easily in the tooth surface of the polyacetal gear. Therefore, authors studied the deformed layer actively applied in the two types of the low noise plastic gears. This paper describes the analysis and power examination of the polyacetal gears manufactured under the different molding conditions. The conclusion obtained are as following: (1) The temperatures difference of melted resin and the mold influences the hardness and the skin layer thickness of tooth. (2) The noise level becomes so low that the deformed layer produced for the gear’s tooth is thick. (3) The abrasive wear of gear is affected by the deformed layer, and the life of gear can be considered the moment when a noise level rose abnormally.

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Kleiss, Rod, and Frank J. Ferfecki. "Designing a Polymer Gear for Use in the Environment of an Internal Combustion Engine." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48372.

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Much has been written about the advances in polymer gearing over the past few years. After fitful starts in toys and consumer products, the design and quality of these gears have improved dramatically. Materials advances over the past 20 years have been significant as well. This paper describes the methodology of designing a net shape PolyEtherEtherKetone (PEEK) injection molded gear for an automotive mass balance system. The case study referenced (ref 1) shows that, when compared to the high quality ground iron gears in the same system, a net shape injection molded PEEK polymer gear provides a 3db noise reduction, as much as 9% reduction in power consumption, a 69% mass reduction and meets the application durability requirements. The paper describes the design of the injection molded gear’s unique tooth profile, material selection, part design, mold design, and inspection methods. The paper focuses on the differences in gear design and inspection methods between injection molded gears and their metal counterparts.

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Homma, Akira, Sumio Hirokawa, and Akira Yamamoto. "Gear-Cutting Method of Parallel Depth Hypoid Gears." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/ptg-48058.

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The purpose of this study is to develop a gear-cutting method of hypoid gears to achieve a good tooth bearing and good performance for practical use. In this report, the authors propose a new cutting method of parallel depth hypoid gears, which mesh with each other at one point keeping a constant angular velocity ratio, and describe the theory for the gear-cutting method. Next, the theory of the trace of the point contact mark is shown. One of the features of this method is that the designer can control the trace of the point contact mark on the tooth surface as desired. The third, the theory of the ellipse of tooth bearing is shown minutely. In order to confirm the validity of the method, some hypoid gears were designed and manufactured, and ellipse of tooth bearing on red lead corresponded to those of the theory.

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Winfree, Don D. "Reducing Gear Windage Losses From High Speed Gears." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/ptg-14449.

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Abstract Windage losses in gearboxes account for a large portion of the total power loss in high-speed drive trains. Very little actual data has been collected specifically quantifying these losses. Traditional techniques to measure the effects of baffles in high speed gearing applications have been done by trial and error on very complex systems. This trial and error technique is used throughout the gearing industry to solve problems without isolating each individual gear windage effect. These solutions are usually sub-optimum. They cause time-consuming delays and cost overruns in many programs. This paper describes a gear baffle test rig that was built to quantify and minimize the gear windage losses in high-speed drive trains. These tests were conducted at the Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company, Fort Worth Texas Facility. The intent of the gearbox baffle test rig was to isolate and measure the windage effects on a single high-speed bevel gear with various baffle configurations. Results of these tests were used to define a basic set of ground rules for designing baffles. Finally the set of ground rules was used to design an optimum baffle configuration.

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Oomen, Johan, Maarten Brinkerink, Bouke Huurnink, and Roeland Ordelman. "Changing gears." In SOIMA 2015: Unlocking Sound and Image Heritage. International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/soima2015.2.07.

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Audiovisual archives are embracing the opportunities offered by digitization for managing their work processes and offering new services to a wide array of user groups. Organization strategy, working processes and software development need to be able to support a culture where innovation can flourish. Some institutions are beginning to adopt the concept of ‘two-speed IT’. The core strategy aims to accommodate two informational technology tracks simultaneously: foundational but ‘slow’ and innovative but exible and ‘fast’. This paper outlines the rationale behind the two-speed IT strategy. It highlights a specific implementation at the Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision, a large audiovisual archive and museum where two-speed IT is enabling the institute to reach its business objectives.

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Nguyen, Tuan H. "Compact Design of High-Contact-Ratio Spur Gears." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23052.

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Abstract This study presents a computer simulation for the dynamic design of compact high-contact-ratio spur gear transmissions. High contact ratio gears have the potential to produce lower dynamic tooth loads and minimum root stress but they can be sensitive to tooth profile errors. The analysis presented in this work was performed by using the NASA gear dynamics code DANST (Dynamic Analysis of Spur Gear Transmissions). In the analysis, the addendum ratio (addendum/diametral pitch) was varied over the range 1.30 to 1.40 to obtain a contact ratio of 2.00 or higher. The constraints of bending stress limit and involute interference provide the main criteria for this investigation. Compact design of high-contact-ratio gears with different gear ratios and pressure angles was investigated. Comparison of compact design between low-contact-ratio and high-contact-ratio gears was conducted. With the same operating parameters, high-contact-ratio gears appear to have much more compact design than low-contact-ratio gears. For compact design of high-contact-ratio gears, a diametral pitch of 6.00 appears to be the best choice for an optimal gear set.

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Nagamura, Kazuteru, and Kiyotaka Ikejo. "Vibration Characteristics and Surface Durability of Non-Involute Helical Gears." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/ptg-14461.

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Abstract This paper describes two non-involute helical gears that have involute-cycloid composite tooth profile and modified cycloid tooth profile. We designed and made involute-cycloid composite tooth profile helical gear and modified cycloid tooth profile helical gear to obtain high performance. Using these non-involute helical gears, the circumferential vibration acceleration of the helical gears, the tooth root stress, and the transmission error were measured on the running test. The experimental results showed that the vibration characteristics of the non-involute helical gears do not differ from that of the involute helical gear. Furthermore, we proved that the surface durability of the non-involute helical gears is superior to that of the involute helical gear from pitting test results.

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Reports on the topic "Gears"

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Cao Romero, Julio A., Jorge Reyes-Avendaño, Julio Soriano, Leonardo Farfan-Cabrera, and Ali Erdemir. A Pin-on-Disc Study on the Electrified Sliding Wear of EVs Powertrain Gears. SAE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0320.

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In contrast to conventional powertrains from internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV), the tribological performance of powertrains of electric vehicles (EVs) must be further evaluated by considering new critical operating conditions such as electrical environments. The operation of any type of electric motor produces shaft voltages and currents due to various hardware configurations and factors. Furthermore, the common application of inverters intensifies this problem. It has been reported that the induced shaft voltages and currents can cause premature failure problems in tribological components such as bearings and gears due to accelerated wear and/or fatigue. It is ascribed to effects of electric discharge machining (EDM), also named, sparking wear caused by shaft currents and poor or increasingly diminishing dielectric strength of lubricants. A great effort has been done to study this problem in bearings, but it has not yet been the case for gears. Considering that EVs powertrains can be configurated with an electric motor coupled to a single-speed or multi-speed transmission, it is expected that shaft currents can also affect gears to some extent. The pin-on-disc test has been widely used to study sliding wear of gear materials under comparable or realistic operating conditions. This accelerated test is effective for screening materials, lubricants and operating conditions allowing evaluations of their friction and wear properties. However, it has not been implemented for studying gear materials under electrified environments. Thus, this paper aims to explore the friction coefficient and wear of gear materials under non-electrified and electrified sliding in a pin-on-disc tester applying typical of EVs powertrain shaft currents during sliding. The tests were carried out at two different DC currents under comparable gear dry and lubricated sliding contact conditions. Friction coefficient, wear volumes and morphologies were evaluated and reported in this work.

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Grannan, A., E. Kent, H. Belch, and C. Grandy. Gear Test Assembly - Experimental Testing and Analysis of Gears and Bearings - FY2023. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1989680.

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JOHNSON, WILLIAM. RADIAL HONEYCOMB LATTICES USING CORRUGATING GEARS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1894909.

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Aubry, Sylvie. The dormancy phase in LIGA micro-gears. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/811183.

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Stringer, David. Noncircular Gears: Geometry and Visualization MODEL Development. Defense Technical Information Center, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada560949.

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Muthukrishnan, S. Computer aided optimal design of helical gears. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6075.

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Miura, Naomi, Takao Hayashi, Yoshio Okada, Shinichi Araki, Takashi Kano, and Atsushi Hattori. Consideration of Impact Fatigue Strength of Carburized Gears. SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0576.

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Skoglund, Paul, Ola Litstrom, and Anders Flodin. Improvement of Powder Metallurgy Gears for Engines and Transmissions. SAE International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-32-9102.

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Rao, Suren B., and Nagesh Sonti. High Strength P/M Gears for Vehicle Transmissions - Phase 2. Defense Technical Information Center, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada486131.

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Painter, Dana. A Comparative Study of the Performance Capabilities of Magnetic Gears. Portland State University Library, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.316.

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