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1
Amra, Bratovčić. "Synthesis of gel air freshener and its stability." Technologica Acta 12, no. 2 (2020): 15–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3643388.
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ABSTRACT: Fragrance compounds have been used since antiquity to freshen the air or to mask the odours. Different types of air fresheners are known such as electric air fresheners with 30% market share, sprays, including aerosol air fresheners with 27%, car air fresheners with 16%, gel air fresheners with 9%, candle air fresheners and wax melts with 7 %, liquid air fresheners with 6% and others. According to research studies, in the United States, 34.7% of the population reported health problems, such as migraine headaches and respiratory problems, when exposed to fragranced products. Thus, there are numerous studies with strong evidence that fragmented products can trigger adverse health effects in the general population. Considering that air fresheners have been associated with adverse negative health effects that was the motive for proposing an alternative way of synthesis of gel air fresheners that is more green and more healthy. In this paper the gel air fresheners were synthesized by a simple and green sol-gel reaction using natural biodegradable polymer gelatin and lavender essential oil, as well as with natural banana aroma. The 3D structures of gel air fresheners of desired shapes and odours were obtained. The change in the 3D structure at room temperature was evident, probably as a result of thermal degradation and water evaporation. Anyway, the gel air freshener obtained with lavender essential oil is more acceptable to human health than commercially available ones. The results obtained in this study suggest that further improvement in stability should take place.
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., Yuningtyaswari, and Noor Zulkhah. "COMPARISON EFFECT OF GEL AND SPRAY AIR FRESHENER EXPOSURE ON DIAMETER OF SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES AND CONCENTRATION SPERM OF WHITE RATS (Rattus norvegicus)." KnE Life Sciences 2, no. 1 (2015): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v2i1.203.
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<p>Indoor air pollution is the fifth most common health risk to the environment (USEPA, 2011). Indoor air pollution among others came from deodorizer such as air freshener. Chemicals that can be found in the air freshener include: benzene, formaldehyde, limonene, even phthalate (Hanke, et al, 2006). Such compounds are generally harmful to the reproductive system by interfering with the endocrine system of the testes, the cells Leydig. Chemical composition varies depending on the form of air freshener or manufacturer. Air freshener also emits volatile organic compound (VOC) room deodorizer gel and liquid (spray) is widely used in society. Consumers are not aware of any risk to the health of the use of air freshener. Aim of this study was to compare the effect of gel and spray air freshener exposure to the diameter of the seminiferous tubules and sperm concentration in male Rattus norvegicus.</p>
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Hafidzah, Nurul, Novita Eka Kartab Putri, Maria Almeida, Arman Rusman, and Herman Herman. "Formulation of Air Freshener Gel Combination of Mint Leaf Essential Oil (Mentha piperita L.) and Lemon (Citrus limon (L) Burm F.)." Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Natural Sciences 1, no. 2 (2024): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.70392/qds89550.
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Air freshener gel is a semi-solid fragrance product that uses carrageenan and pectin as gel-forming components to overcome unpleasant odors when in a room with high temperatures. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of carrageenan and pectin as gel-forming materials for air fresheners and the composition of the aroma comparison of mint oil (Mentha piperita L.) and lemon (Citrus limon (L) Burm F). The gel base was made with a ratio of carrageenan: pectin concentration of 1: 2; 1.8: 1.2; 2.5: 0.5 then the base was evaluated including organoleptic examination, stability test and gel hardness. The best base was then added with mint oil and lemon with a ratio of 1: 1.5; 1.25: 1.25; 1.5: 1 and the gel preparation was evaluated with organoleptic parameters, gel stability, gel hardness, liquid evaporation, fragrance resistance and hedonic test. The results of the study showed that the best base preparation after the evaluation of the base was a ratio of carrageenan: pectin concentration of 25: 0.5. Evaluation of the preparation with the addition of mint leaf oil (Mentha piperita L.) and lemon (Citrus limon (L) Burm F) to the base showed a value that was not too significant in the evaluation results. In the hedonic test, the formula with the addition of 2.5%: 2.5% mint leaf oil (Mentha piperita L.) and lemon (Citrus limon (L) Burm F) was the formula preferred by the panelists. So it can be concluded that the carrageenan and pectin combination room freshener gel with a concentration ratio of 2.5: 0.5% can be formulated as a base for room freshener gel preparations, namely producing a chewy and elastic gel base. The formulation of the most preferred combination of mint leaf essential oil and lemon oil as a gel fragrance is with a concentration of 2.5: 2.5%, because it produces a refreshing aroma
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Rosalinda, S., Nadyah Rachma Dewi, and Sarifah Nurjanah. "Utilization of Inferior Green Coffee Bean Oil for Air Freshener Gel." Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) 11, no. 1 (2022): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v11i1.48-59.
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More than 20% of the coffee beans harvested are not traded because they do not pass the sorting. Coffee beans that do not pass the sorting are referred to as inferior green coffee beans (inferior coffee).. The purpose of this study was to determine the combination of inferior coffee oil concentration and gel material that gave the best characteristics as air freshener. This research method is a laboratory experimental method with descriptive analysis. The research stages consisted of preparation of materials and equipment, extraction of inferior coffee with the soxhletation method and making air freshener. The concentration of inferior coffee oil used was control (A0) 1%; (A1); 2% (A2); 4% (A3) and each concentration was added to a formulation consisting of 0.75 grams of carrageenan, 0.5 grams of agar, 0.25 grams of pectin, 0.05 grams of sodium benzoate, 5 grams of propylene glycol and aquadest to adjust the amount to 50 grams. Product testing parameters consist of strength test, gel hardness test, gel stability test, preference test, liquid evaporation test and fragrance resistance test. The results showed that the best air freshener with 4% coffee oil concentration resulted in a gel strength of 482 g/cm2; gel hardness test 1064 g/cm2; gel stability test 2.387%; preference test 2.78; evaporation test is 69.632% and the value of fragrance resistance is 3.003. Keyword: soxhletation, air freshener gel, inferior coffee oil, gel material, extraction
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Vaibhavi, Ghundare* Hardik Rakshe Hemalata Dange Bindu Rani Ram Pramod Ingale. "Formulation & Evaluation of an Essential Oil-Based Gel for Mosquito Repellency and Indoor Fragrance." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 6 (2025): 452–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15585167.
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Mosquito-borne diseases are a major global health concern, necessitating the development of effective, safe, and long-lasting repellents. Conventional repellents often contain synthetic chemicals that may cause irritation or toxicity. This study focuses on the formulation of a gel-based air freshener with mosquito-repellent properties using natural essential oils. The gel is composed of isopropyl alcohol, peppermint oil, eucalyptus oil, cinnamon oil, and a gelling agent to provide controlled evaporation. Physicochemical characteristics, including pH, evaporation rate, and organoleptic properties, were analyzed. Mosquito repellency tests were conducted to assess efficacy compared to commercial repellents. The results indicate that the formulation effectively repels mosquitoes while maintaining a pleasant fragrance. Stability studies demonstrated good shelf life with no phase separation. This innovative formulation offers a dual-purpose solution, acting as both an air freshener and a mosquito repellent, presenting a safer alternative to conventional chemical-based products.
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Humaira, Ziaul, Suryani Suryani, and Munawar Munawar. "Pembuatan Gel Pengharum Ruangan Menggunakan Karagenan Dan Xanthan Gum Dengan Minyak Nilam Sebagai Fiksatif Dan Minyak Kopi Sebagai Pewangi." Jurnal Riset, Inovasi, Teknologi & Terapan 1, no. 1 (2023): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30811/ristera.v1i1.3701.
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The manufacture of air freshener gel using carrageenan and xanthan gum with patchouli oil as a fixative and coffee oil as a fragrance has been carried out, with carrageenan and xanthan gum content contained in a ratio of 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40 and 70:30as a gel base. With the addition of coffee oil which has a concentration variation of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in the composition of the mixture of carrageenan and xanthan gum on the characteristics of air freshener gel, patchouli oil as a fixative and coffee as a fragrance. From the best results, it was found that the best characteristics were found in G4 with ratio of carrageenan and xanthan gum 60:40. From the result of organoleptic test, it was found that the most preferred oil concentration was K3 with 5% coffee oil concentration. From the result of the liquid evaporation test at room temperature, the best result were N1 with 1% patchouli oil concentration, in the fan room the best results were N4 with 4% patchouli oil concentration and in the AC room the best results were N4 with 4% patchouli oil concentration. Meanwhile, the best fragrance resistance test results were found in N3 with a concertation of 3% patchouli oil
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Kaya, Adrianus O. W., Martha L. Wattimena, Esterlina E. E. M. Nanlohy, and Sherly Lewerissa. "PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN DAN KONSENTRASI BAHAN PEMBENTUK GEL TERHADAP SIFAT FISIKO-KIMIA GEL KOMBINASI KARAGINAN DAN PATI SAGU." INASUA: Jurnal Teknologi Hasil Perikanan 2, no. 1 (2022): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jinasua.2022.2.1.100.
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Gel or jelly can be defined as semi-solid material which consists of suspension derived from either small organic particles or large organic molecules, and then is penetrated by a liquid of which its dispersal medium is limited by a three-dimensional texture from dissolved particles or macro-molecules at dispersion phase. Carrageenan and sago starch have similar properties, such as a component of gelling, stabilizer and gelatin agent, as a consequence, the substances are widely utilized in industries, for instance, food, pharmacy, cosmetics, printing and textile. Combined materials used in producing air freshener gels significantly affect the product, and synergic effects are highly expected from the gels that have high gel strength yet low syneresis. Additionally, because the gels are made of natural ingredients, they are environmentally friendly.
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A. Marilag, Krizzia Jewel, Felix Elijah P. Alcontin, Kaina May D. Coquilla, Elliza G. Madria, and Jirah E. Winfield. "Mimosa pudica (Makahiya) with cucumber melon-infused fragrance: a natural air freshener gel and mosquito repellent." International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering, no. 51 (March 21, 2025): 120–34. https://doi.org/10.55529/ijrise.51.120.134.
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Insect repellents commonly contain most ingredients such as: DEET, Picaridin, IR3535, and Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus, thus becoming a common product for manufacturers to manufacture. Insect repellents enable people to feel comfortable and guarded as they have a purpose of repelling insects especially mosquitoes when spending time outdoors or posed on an area with high populations of insects or mosquitoes. Without insect repellents, people would suffer with insect problems, hence, the researchers utilized an eco-friendly and accessible primary ingredient for mosquito repelling and air freshening, which is the Mimosa pudica. With the sulfuric odor or compound present in the plant it can repel mosquitoes. To counteract the sulfuric odor, a cucumber melon fragrance was infused, providing a refreshing aroma that enhances its usability as an air freshener while maintaining its repellent efficacy. The purpose of this research was to establish the effectiveness of Mimosa pudica extract in air purification as well as mosquito repellent ability while giving the product an aromatic character through a fresh cucumber melon fragrance. Phytochemical analysis was done to find active compounds responsible for its repellent activity. This product, based on a standard gel-formulation technique with natural fragrance infusion, was used to assess its odor-neutralizing activity and mosquito-repellent ability. Results of the phytochemical analysis revealed bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins, responsible for the efficacy of the plant. Fragrance and usability of the product were also tested for consumer acceptance. This study proves the possibility that Mimosa pudica may become the next best thing for ecological, inexpensive substitutes in everyday household products: useful, with aesthetic value, but only using fewer chemical by-products.
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Gushit John Stephen, Ogbe Idoko, Shimuan Jacob Toekwal, Idoko Jennifer Ene, and Chibuike Enyia. "Formulation and evaluation of bio-mosquito repellent air freshener gel from oil extract of cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (lemon grass) plant." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 19, no. 1 (2023): 496–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.1.0778.
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Synthetic based mosquito repellents pose varying degrees of threats to public health in most developing nations. The developments has necessitated the need for environmentally friendly alternatives, which will have non-toxic, and biodegradable attributes. In this work, a mosquito repellent gel formulation was prepared from the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (lemon grass) extracted using a steam distillation system. The yields of the extracted oils were determined and calculated under varying conditions. The oil extract was then purified in the micro column parked with silica gel and characterized using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The GC-MS analysis of the essential oil revealed the presence of β-pinene, isoneral, nerolidol and squalene chemical constituents. The optimized gels were evaluated for their appearance, pH, spreadability, macroscopic stability test, swelling index, and hedonic evaluation. The mosquito repellent potential was simultaneously compared with the positive control ‘Odomos’, a commercial gel sold in the open market within Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria by varying the repellency time. The outcome of the evaluations confirmed that the formulated gels were stable with normal skin pH. The hedonic test indicated that formulation F5 is the most potent gel with a C. citratus oil concentration of 5% in the formulation. This gel formulation promises to be an environmentally sustainable alternative for repelling mosquitoes.
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Gushit, John Stephen, Idoko Ogbe, Jacob Toekwal Shimuan, Jennifer Ene Idoko, and Enyia Chibuike. "Formulation and evaluation of bio-mosquito repellent air freshener gel from oil extract of cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (lemon grass) plant." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 19, no. 1 (2023): 496–507. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10253763.
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Synthetic based mosquito repellents pose varying degrees of threats to public health in most developing nations. The developments has necessitated the need for environmentally friendly alternatives, which will have non-toxic, and biodegradable attributes. In this work, a mosquito repellent gel formulation was prepared from the essential oils of <i>Cymbopogon citratus</i> (DC.) Stapf (lemon grass) extracted using a steam distillation system. The yields of the extracted oils were determined and calculated under varying conditions. The oil extract was then purified in the micro column parked with silica gel and characterized using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The GC-MS analysis of the essential oil revealed the presence of β-pinene, isoneral, nerolidol and squalene chemical constituents. The optimized gels were evaluated for their appearance, pH, spreadability, macroscopic stability test, swelling index, and hedonic evaluation. The mosquito repellent potential was simultaneously compared with the positive control '<i>Odomos'</i>, a commercial gel sold in the open market within Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria by varying the repellency time. The outcome of the evaluations confirmed that the formulated gels were stable with normal skin pH. The hedonic test indicated that formulation F5 is the most potent gel with a <i>C.</i> <i>citratus</i> oil concentration of 5% in the formulation. This gel formulation promises to be an environmentally sustainable alternative for repelling mosquitoes.
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Reddy, Bhargava, Sambasiva Reddy B, Mahesh K, Hari Prasad Reddy R, D. Eswar Tony, and Rama Rao Nadendla. "Formulation of Mosquito Repellant Freshener Gel with China Grass as Gel Base and Lemon Grass Oil as Mosquito -Repellant." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 45, no. 22 (2024): 141–48. https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i224667.
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Background: Mosquitoes transmit severe diseases, including malaria, dengue, and Zika virus, necessitating effective mosquito repellents. While traditional repellents are typically sprays or lotions, these can be inconvenient and leave residues. A more convenient alternative is mosquito repellent gel, offering ease of application, lasting effects, and a more enjoyable user experience. This study focuses on a gel-based mosquito-repelling air freshener containing lemongrass oil, known for its mosquito-repelling properties and fresh citrus-like scent. Methodology: The study developed a mosquito repellent gel infused with lemongrass oil, containing active constituents such as neral, isoneral, and limonene. Sensory assessments evaluated the gel’s color and odor using 150 individual’s comments, and a hedonic test was conducted with 180 participants aged between 25-30 to assess product acceptability when applied to clothing and inanimate objects. To determine the longevity of the gel, total liquid evaporation was measured by weight loss over a four-week period, and the repellent's effectiveness was tested in a closed room. Results: Sensory assessment confirmed an acceptable color and a citrus-like odor for the gel, while the hedonic test indicated a favorable user response. Weight loss calculations demonstrated the gel's sustained presence over time. The closed-room test confirmed the gel's effectiveness in repelling mosquitoes. Conclusion: The lemongrass oil-based mosquito repellent gel is a promising alternative to traditional repellents, offering both user convenience and effective mosquito protection. Its long-lasting formula and positive sensory characteristics make it a viable option for personal and environmental use in mosquito-prone areas.
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Eden, Willy Tirza, Dante Alighiri, Kasmadi Imam Supardi, and Edy Cahyono. "The Mosquito Repellent Activity of the Active Component of Air Freshener Gel from Java Citronella Oil (Cymbopogon winterianus)." Journal of Parasitology Research 2020 (January 29, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9053741.
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This study examines the active component of Cymbopogon winterianus (Java citronella) oil, as a green mosquito repellent, obtained through a steam distillation method. Java citronella oil, which contains citronellol, citronellal, and geraniol, was isolated by batch vacuum fractional distillation, and their effect was tested against the dengue fever (DF) vector, known as Aedes aegypti. Furthermore, air freshener gels were formulated with Java citronella oil, carrageenan, gum, sodium benzoate, ethylene glycol, polysorbate 20, sodium chloride, and distilled water, at varying concentrations. The results show that formula I has the best controlled release evaporation for citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol, as well as the best storage time of 16.82 days and 12.77 days for geraniol and citronellol, respectively. The most significant specific gravity (0.0136) was recorded in formula V, while gel formula I exhibited the highest level of instability at 35°C, with a syneresis value of 77.11% in t=72 h and pH 5.33. In addition, formula IV at 5°C demonstrated the highest syneresis (75.34%) in t=72 h, with pH 7.04, while a peak viscosity of 100,958 cP was recorded in formula IV. The repellent activity of each active component was measured based on the period of protection conferred against the bites of Aedes aegypti within one hour, and the results showed geraniol and citronellol, with respective activity of 78.00%±4.83 and 77.34%±3.57, as the most effective.
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Warobi, Warobi, Delima Engga Maretha, Asnilawati Asnilawati, and Mashuri Masri. "The effect of exposure to liquid air freshener on histological of the bronchial mice (Mus musculus)." Edubiotik : Jurnal Pendidikan, Biologi dan Terapan 6, no. 02 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.33503/ebio.v6i02.1219.
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Air fresheners are products that contain chemicals aimed at reducing unpleasant odours in confined spaces. The use of synthetic air fresheners turns out to harm health because some of their leased Volatile Organic Compounds are classified as toxic compounds and are carcinogens. Air freshener enters the body through the inhalation process in the respiratory system. Modern air fresheners are available in liquid (aerosol) and gel forms. Air fresheners contain addictive substances and solvents such as 1,4-dichlorobenzene which can affect pulmonary function. The purpose of this study is to know the effect of exposure to liquid air freshener on the histology of bronchi of mice (Mus musculus). This study used 20 male mice (Mus musculus) consisting of 4 treatments with 5 replications. The research design is true experimental in the form of a post-test only control group with Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The post-test was done by observing the histological picture of the mice's bronchi after exposure to liquid air freshener given 3x/day for a period of P1 = 2 weeks, P2 = 4 weeks and P3 = 6 weeks. Quantitative data on bronchial histology was tested using the One Way ANOVA statistical test followed by the Post Hoc Tukey test. The results of the study found changes in the histology of the bronchi, thickening of the epithelial tissue of mice. Analysis of comparative data between the control and treatment groups statistically obtained p = 0.010 <0.05, meaning that there was a significant effect and change in the bronchial tubes exposed to liquid air freshener. Histologically there were differences in histology between the control and treatment groups. It was concluded that liquid air freshener had a significant effect on the histological picture of the mice's bronchi.
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Phuong, Luu Ly Cat, Diep The Tai, Nguyen Minh Hoang, and Nguyen Thi Thao Tran. "Formulation of Essential Oil-based Air Freshener Gel." VNU Journal of Science: Natural Sciences and Technology, December 3, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1140/vnunst.5432.
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Meanwhile, many reports of health risks caused by chemical or volatile organic compounds from gel air fresheners, odour removal products have been found, and their wide range of applications continues present in daily life. Therefore, the essential oil-based gel air freshener, a safe and available price product for the consumer and for human health protection, was studied and formulated with natural gelling agents (carrageenan, xanthan gum), natural fragrances (essential oils and aroma extracts), a surfactant (polysorbate 20), co-solvent (ethylene glycol), sodium benzoate, sodium chloride, and distilled water at varying concentrations. The essential oils extracted from pomelo peels, and aerial parts of lemongrass and peppermint acted both as flavoring agents and antimicrobial agents. Scent formulas of D-JA, D-PO, and D-FV blended from natural fragrances were conducted on the various gel formulas (I, II, and III). The most significant product samples were given by formula I (D-PO) being recorded at 0.0121 of specific gravity, a syneresis rate of 18.91%, and pH 4.88. This formula met the given criteria and panellists. Additionally, the formulas of air freshener gels containing essential oils as bioactive compounds presented antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus., especially the formula with lemongrass essential oils and blended essential oils. These results indicated that essential oils on air freshener gel can inhibit the growth of bacteria and are safe for the consumer.
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Ahuja, Sonam, and Aayush Sinojia. "Versatile Application of Polymeric Gel Using Gelatin Polymer." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, April 22, 2024, 1559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52711/0974-360x.2024.00246.
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Fragrance chemicals have been utilized to refresh the air and hide smells since antiquity. Electric air fresheners have a 30% market share, sprays, including aerosol air fresheners, have a 27% market share, car air fresheners have a 16% market share, gel air fresheners have a 9% market share, candle air fresheners and wax melts have a 7% market share, liquid air fresheners have a 6% market share, and others. According to research studies, 34.7% of the population in the United States experienced health concerns such as migraine headaches and respiratory difficulties after being exposed to fragranced items. As a result, there are various studies that show that fragmented items might have harmful health impacts on the general population.Given that air, fresheners have been linked to undesirable negative health impacts, the motivation for developing a greener and healthier method of synthesis of gel air fresheners. The gel air fresheners in this work were created utilizing a simple and green sol-gel reaction that included natural biodegradable polymer gelatin and mogra essence, as well as silver nanoparticles and ampicillin drug for antibacterial gel. In any case, the gel air freshener made from mogra essence is safer for human health than commercially available ones. According to the findings of this investigation, there should be future improvements in stability.Weanalyze the property of the gel from different analysis methods like SEM, TGA, FTIR, and XRD.
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"Belle-Aire patents gel/air freshener system." Focus on Surfactants 2008, no. 4 (2008): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1351-4210(08)70124-0.
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Ibama, Onengiyeofori, Onengiye Davies Nwalele, Arit Okechukwu Nwogu, and Abiye Chiladi Isomah. "Effect of Exposure to Air Freshener on Some Hepatic Enzymes and Haematological Parameters of Albino Rats." Annals of Innovation in Medicine 2, no. 3 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.59652/aim.v2i3.232.
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Air fresheners, which are available as incense sticks, scented candles, aerosols, liquids, gels, and electric diffusers, are used to mask odors with refreshing scents. They are widely used in homes, cars, and offices, marketed to create a clean and pleasant indoor atmosphere. However, many air fresheners contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can have harmful effects on human health. This study evaluated the effects of exposure to a gel air freshener on hepatic enzymes and hematological parameters in albino rats. Thirty (30) albino rats, weighing 200-260g, were divided into three groups of ten rats each, and acclimatized for two weeks under 12-hour light/dark cycles with free access to food and water. Group I (Control) was not exposed to the air freshener, Group II was exposed to the air freshener for 4 hours daily for 28 days, and Group III for 8 hours daily for 28 days. After the treatment, the rats fasted overnight, were anesthetized with chloroform, and blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture. AST and ALT were assayed using enzymatic methods, and hematological parameters were measured with the Sysmex XP-300 Automated Haematology Analyzer (5-part). Results showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in AST, ALT, hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cells, and platelet levels in Group III compared to Groups I and II. No significant difference was found between Groups I and II. This suggests that 8-hour daily exposure to air freshener for 28 days induces hepatocellular damage and alters hematological parameters in albino rats, with the extent of damage increasing with longer exposure. However, further studies on humans are recommended.
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Sellygani Budi Vaelani, Taufik Muhammad Fakih, and Gita Cahya Eka Darma. "Studi Literatur: Aktivitas Antioksidan Senyawa Bioaktif Kopi (Coffea sp.)." Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 2, no. 2 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v2i2.4700.
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Abstract. Antioxidants is substances can help protect the body from free radical attacks and radical compounds that can inhibit or slow down damage due to the oxidation process. One of the natural ingredients that has a lot of antioxidant content that is quite high is coffee. The antioxidant content has been widely used for cosmetic preparations with the purpose of providing local protection to the skin. This study purpose to determine what antioxidant bioactive compounds are contained in coffee using what antioxidant test method is used and what dosage forms can be made from coffee (Cofea sp.). The Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method is used with data used in the form of national journals obtained from the screening results of 15 journals from the google schoolar portal. From the results of research, antioxidant compounds known in coffee are flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids, alkaloids, triterpenoids, steroids, phenols, polyphenols and phenolic compounds, namely chlorogenic acid with the antioxidant test method used is the DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1- picrilhydrazyl). Obtained some dosage forms of this review are gel body scrub, cream, hand soap, foot cleansing spray, air freshener, therapeutic aroma, lipbalm and peel off gel mask. Keywords: Antioxidants, Coffee, Compounds, Dosage
 Abstrak. Antioksidan merupakan salah satu substansi yang dapat membantu melindungi tubuh dari serangan radikal bebas maupun senyawa radikal yang dapat menghambat atau perlambatan kerusakan akibat proses oksidasi. Salah satu bahan alam yang memiliki banyak kandungan antioksidan yang cukup tinggi yaitu kopi. Kandungan antioksidan telah banyak digunakan untuk sediaan kosmetik dengan tujuan memberikan perlindungan lokal pada kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui senyawa bioaktif antioksidan apakah yang terdapat dalam kopi dengan menggunakan metode uji antioksidan apa yang digunakan dan bentuk sediaan apa saja yang dapat dibuat dari kopi (Cofea sp.). Digunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan data yang digunakan berupa jurnal nasional yang diperoleh dari hasil screening sejumlah 15 jurnal dari portal google schoolar. Dari hasil penelitian senyawa antioksidan yang diketahui pada kopi adalah flavonoid, tannin, saponin, steroida, alkaloid, triterpenoid, fenol, polifenol dan senyawa fenolik yaitu asam klorogenat dengan metode uji antioksidan yang digunakan adalah metode DPPH (2,2-difenil-1- pikrilhidrazil). Diperoleh juga beberapa bentuk sediaan berupa scrub, gel scrub badan, krim, sabun cuci tangan, foot sanitizer spray, pengharum ruangan, aroma terapi, lipbalm dan masker gel peel off.
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Roy, Probin Kr, Reena Subba, Nilotpal Kalita, et al. "Effect of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) in Release Profile of Air Fresheners Gel Prepared Using Carrageenan and HPMC." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research 79, no. 2 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.47583/ijpsrr.2023.v79i02.027.
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