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Journal articles on the topic 'Gel de polymère'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Chen, Jian Fang, and Ai Hua Ling. "Design and Synthesis of a Miktoarm Star PMMAZO-(PCL)₂ Copolymer." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 2089–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.2089.

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A series of novel miktoarm star polymers were synthesized by combination of at-om transfer radical polymerization(ATRP), chemical modification and ring-opening polymeri-zation(ROP). These miktoarm star polymers carring one poly[6-(4-methoxy-4’-oxy-azobenzene) hexylmethacrylate] azobenzene (PMMAZO) side-chain liquid crystalline(LC) arm and two polycaprolactone(PCL) arms. These precursors and miktoarm star polymers were characterized by proton nuclear resonance (1H-NMR), and gel permeation chramatograph(GPC). The information of PMMAZO(OH)2 and PMMAZO-(PCL)2 miktoarm star polymer confirmed the ex

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2

Vartanyan, Maria, Ilya Voytovich, Irina Gorbunova, and Nikolay Makarov. "Preparation and Structural Characterization of Complex Oxide Eutectic Precursors from Polymer–Salt Xerogels Obtained by Microwave-Assisted Drying." Materials 13, no. 8 (2020): 1808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081808.

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Sol–gel synthesis is an acknowledged method for obtaining fine inorganic powders of a different nature. Implementation of water-soluble polymers as gel-forming media makes this technique even more readily available, especially in cases where conventional gel formation is suppressed. In polymer–salt solutions, polymers serve as scaffolds for salt constituents’ bulk crystallization. When dried, solid salt particles are deposited on the polymer surface or in polymer matrix pores, which leads to higher grain size uniformity. The present work discusses the effect of drying conditions on phase compo

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3

Echeverría, Coro, Miguel Rubio, and Daniel López. "Thermo-Reversible Hybrid Gels Formed from the Combination of Isotactic Polystyrene and [Fe(II) (4-Octadecyl-1,2,4-Triazole)3(ClO4)2]n Metallo-Organic Polymer: Thermal and Viscoelastic Properties." Polymers 11, no. 6 (2019): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11060957.

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Nano-sized one-dimensional metallo-organic polymers, characterized by the phenomenon of spin transition, are excellent candidates for advanced technological applications such as optical sensors, storage, and information processing devices. However, the main drawback of this type of polymers is their fragile mechanical properties, which hinders its processing and handling, and makes their practical use unfeasible. To overcome this problem, in this work, hybrid thermo-reversible gels are synthesized by combination of a metallo-organic polymer and isotactic polystyrene (iPS) in cis-decaline. A de

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4

Bing, Nai Ci, Xiang Rong Zhu, Zhen Tian, Hong Yong Xie, and Li Jun Wang. "Controllable Imprinted Polymer Layer Coated Silica-Gel for S-1-(1-Naphthyl) Ethylamine Recognition by ATRP." Advanced Materials Research 508 (April 2012): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.508.237.

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Controlled grafting ofS-1-(1-naphthyl) Ethylamine-imprinting polymer layer on the silica-gel was carried out by the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Polymerization time was used as the independent variable to manipulate the amount of grafted imprinting polymer on the silica-gel. For comparison, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) without silica-gel also prepared at the same condition. SEM, FT-IR and UV spectrum were used to study the structural morphology and selectivity of polymers and probe the incorporation of imprinted polymer layer on the surface of substra

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5

Kim, Yong Hee. "Continuous Release of Protein from Biodegradable In Situ Forming Depot." Key Engineering Materials 342-343 (July 2007): 461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.342-343.461.

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Biodegradable in situ forming drug delivery systems that solidify or gel in the body from injectable fluids represent effective parenteral depot systems for controlled delivery of proteins. Various pharmaceutical additives were tested on their effectiveness as protein release modifiers and stabilizers. Mono-, di-, poly-saccharides, PEG2K and salting-out salts except cyclodextrins significantly decreased Tg of thermogelling polymers and their decreasing abilities were proportional to the polymer concentration and additive/polymer weight ratio up to solubility limits in aqueous media. For methyl

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6

Zheng, Yifan, Aidan Pierce, Willi L. Wagner, et al. "Water-Dependent Blending of Pectin Films: The Mechanics of Conjoined Biopolymers." Molecules 25, no. 9 (2020): 2108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092108.

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Biodegradable pectin polymers have been recommended for a variety of biomedical applications, ranging from the delivery of oral drugs to the repair of injured visceral organs. A promising approach to regulate pectin biostability is the blending of pectin films. To investigate the development of conjoined films, we examined the physical properties of high-methoxyl pectin polymer-polymer (homopolymer) interactions at the adhesive interface. Pectin polymers were tested in glass phase (10–13% w/w water content) and gel phase (38–41% w/w water content). The tensile strength of polymer-polymer adhes

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7

Hu, Xiao Yu, and Ying Bo Chen. "Adsorption Properties of Chemical Crosslinked Polymer Gel." Advanced Materials Research 87-88 (December 2009): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.87-88.22.

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Chemical crosslinker polymer gels were synthesized in situ polymerization of monomers in solvents with crosslinkers. Results showed that the solvent content of the polymer gels depended on the types of solvents and polymers as well as the crosslinkers. The adsorption ability to aromatic organic molecules of the polymer gels was measured by treating tryptophan solution containing phenol and pyrene aqueous solution. The aromatic compounds can be removed completely and no further pollution to the original solutions.

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8

Assi, Amel Habeeb, Ramzi Riyadh Khazeem, Ahmed Salah Salem, and Alaa Tahseen Ali. "Studying the Effects of Different Polymers on Rheological Properties of Water Base Muds." Journal of Engineering 24, no. 12 (2018): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2018.12.02.

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This research is focusing on finding more effective polymers that leads to enhance the rheological properties of Water Base Muds. The experiments are done for different types of mud for all substances which are Polyacrylamide, Xanthan gum, CMC (Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose). This study shows the effect of add polymer to red bentonite mud, effect of add polymer to Iraqi bentonite mud, the effect of add bentonite to polymer mud. The mud properties of Iraqi bentonite blank are enhanced after adding the polymers to the blank mix, CMC gives the highest value of plastic viscosity and Gel strength than

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9

Yoshida, Ryo. "Self-Oscillating Gel as Smart Materials." Advances in Science and Technology 57 (September 2008): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.57.1.

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We have developed polymer and gels with an autonomous self-oscillating function by utilizing the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. Under the coexistence of the substrates, the polymer undergoes spontaneous cyclic soluble-insoluble changes or swelling-deswelling changes (in the case of gel) without any on-off switching of external stimuli. By using microfabrication technique, ciliary motion actuator or self-walking gel have been demonstrated. Further, in order to realize nano-actuator, the linear polymer chain and the submicrometer-sized gel beads were prepared. By grafting the polymers or ar

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10

Ahagon, Asahiro. "Molecular Weight Defined in Sol-Gel Analysis and Its Application to Evaluate Branching." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 68, no. 2 (1995): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538743.

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Abstract It is considered that many “linear” polymers are actually branched; however, it is difficult to show this with ordinary methods for an arbitrarily chosen polymer. Branching can be regarded as premature crosslinking below the gel point. Attention is then paid to the well-established Charlesby-Pinner Equation used for sol-gel analysis in crosslinking studies. It contains the number average degree of polymerization before crosslinking as a parameter. The molecular parameter is considered here to be that of the virtual linear polymer which would be obtained by unlinking any branch points

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11

Xu, Chunye, Lu Liu, Susan E. Legenski, Dai Ning, and Minoru Taya. "Switchable window based on electrochromic polymers." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 7 (2004): 2072–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0259.

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A large contrast ratio (>ΔΤ = 60%) and rapid switching (0.3–1 s) electrochromic (EC) polymer device that consists of a laminated two-layer structure between two electrodes was prepared. The new design consists of an indium tin oxide (ITO) glass electrode, a cathodic EC polymer film, a solid electrolyte, and a counterelectrode that replaces the anodic EC polymer and ITO electrode. Four EC polymers including two new EC polymers, Poly[3-methyl-3′-propyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno(3,4-b)(1,4)dioxepine] (PProDOT-MePro) and Poly[3,3-diethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H,7H-(1,4)dioxepino(2,3-c)pyrrole] (PProDOP-Et2)

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12

Gorgol, Marek, Agnieszka Kierys, and Radosław Zaleski. "Positron Lifetime Annihilation Study of Porous Composites and Silicas Synthesized Using Polymer Templates." Defect and Diffusion Forum 373 (March 2017): 280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.373.280.

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The porous structure of polymer-silica composites, based on three polymer templates, which differ in a porosity and hydrophobicity, was examined using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. Additionally, the investigation of silicas obtained after removal of polymers during calcination of composite materials, was performed. In composites based on hydrophobic polymers, silica condensates only in larger free volumes, while SiO2 deeply penetrates spaces between polymer chains, when the template is polar. Moreover, the structure of the silica gel, obtained after polymer removal, depends on c

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13

Yang, Ya-Jun, Xi-Wang Liu, Xiao-Jun Kong, et al. "Preparation and Evaluation of Oseltamivir Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Silica Gel as Liquid Chromatography Stationary Phase." Molecules 23, no. 8 (2018): 1881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23081881.

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To improve the chromatographic performance of an oseltamivir (OS) molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), silica gel coated with an MIP layer for OS (OSMIP@silica gel) was prepared by the surface molecular imprinting technology on the supporter of porous silica gel microspheres. A nonimprinted polymer with the silica gel (NIP@silica gel) was also prepared for comparison. The obtained particles were characterized through FT–IR, scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area analysis, and porosity measurements. The results indicated that the polymer was successfully synthesized and revealed th

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14

Dong, Hong Xing, Qiu Li Jiang, Fei Tong, Zhen Xing Wang, and Jin Yong Tang. "Preparation of Imprinted Polymer with D-Phenylalanin on Silica Surface." Key Engineering Materials 419-420 (October 2009): 541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.419-420.541.

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Silica gel was modified with polymerizable double bonds on the surface. Then the molecular imprinting polymer imprinted with D-Phenylalanin was grafted on the surface of modified silica gel. The molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based on the surface of silica gel was characterized by IR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption property of D-Phenylalanin by MIP was mearsured. The MIP with the combined functional monomers exhibited better adsorption properties and selectivity compared with the corresponding non-imprinted polymers or MIP with the single functional monomer. The mat

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15

Kim, Hyun-Soo, Jung-Han Shin, Seong-In Moon, and Dae-Hee Oh. "A Study on Electrochemical Properties of Acrylate-based Gel Polymer Electrolyte with Ethylene Oxide Group." Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers 17, no. 6 (2004): 608–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4313/jkem.2004.17.6.608.

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16

Kassab, Hanan Jalal, Lena Murad Thomas, and Saba Abdulhadi Jabir. "DEVELOPMENT AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A PERIODONTAL BIOADHESIVE GEL OF GATIFLOXACIN." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 9, no. 3 (2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2017v9i3.7056.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a bioadhesive gel of gatifloxacin for the treatment of periodontal diseases.Methods: Periodontal gels of gatifloxacin were prepared using different hydrophilic polymers such as carbopol 940 (CP 940), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) in varied concentrations, either alone or as a combination. The prepared gels were evaluated for their physical appearance, pH, drug content, viscosity, bioadhesiveness and in vitro drug release profile. The influence of the type and the concentration of polymer on the drug releas

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17

KÄNKÄNEN, H., E. AURA, K. PAHKALA, P. PELTONEN-SAINIO, and E. HUUSELA-VEISTOLA. "Applying granulated and hydrated hydrophilic polymers at sowing to sustain seedling establishment of spring turnip rape." Journal of Agricultural Science 149, no. 5 (2011): 567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859611000013.

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SUMMARYOptimal temperature and soil moisture conditions for germination of spring turnip rape (Brassica rapa L. subsp. oleifera DC.) are not often realized in Finland. New tools for better establishment, such as water-storing polymers, could ensure a good start for yield formation. Because technologies in field cropping must be cost effective and easy to carry out, the amounts of polymers applied per hectare should be small. After recording non-significant effects of granulated polymers under field conditions and reduced emergence under dry conditions in pots, hydrated polyacrylamide (PAM) was

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18

Almubarak, Tariq, Jun Hong C. Ng, Mohammed AlKhaldi, Saroj Panda, and Hisham A. Nasr-El-Din. "Insights on Potential Formation Damage Mechanisms Associated with the Use of Gel Breakers in Hydraulic Fracturing." Polymers 12, no. 11 (2020): 2722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112722.

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Hydraulic fracturing using water-soluble polymers has been extensively used to enhance the productivity of oil and gas wells. However, the production enhancement can be significantly impaired due to polymer residue generated within the proppant pack in the created fractures. This work describes an approach to establish a suitable fracturing fluid cleanup process by characterizing broken polymer residues generated from the use of different gel breaker types. Commonly used gel breakers such as inorganic oxidizers (bromate and persulfate salts), specific enzymes, and acids were evaluated in this

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19

Zhang, Leilin, and Botao Qin. "Study on the Gelation of Foamed Gel for Preventing the Spontaneous Combustion of Coal." Journal of Spectroscopy 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/163742.

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According to the existing deficiencies in fire prevention technology, a new technique named foamed gel is developed to prevent coal mine fire efficiently. Foamed gel, formed by adding the type F3 foam agent, polymer H, and AL into water, introducing nitrogen and stirring physically and mechanically, is a complex multicomponent foam system. The effects of the mass fraction and mixed ratios of polymer H and polymer AL blends on gelation were comprehensively studied. The results show that the optimum performance can be got when the mass fraction of blends was 0.6% and the mixed ratio was 5 : 5. I

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20

Sombat, Witsanu, Natsiri Wongsang, Somboon Sahasitthiwat, and Rukkiat Jitchati. "A Novel Charged Iridium Polymer for Polymer Light Emitting Diode." Defect and Diffusion Forum 382 (January 2018): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.382.332.

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The charged iridium(III) complex polymers based on 1,10-phenanthroline in the polyfluorene backbones were synthesized by Suzuki-polycondensation. PFIr01, PFIr03, PFIr05, PFIr07 and PFIr10 were obtained by varying the content of iridium(III) unit in the polymer from 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07 and 0.10 mol%, respectively. The molecular structures of polymers were characterized by1H NMR,13C NMR and gel permeation chromatography. Their thermal, photophysical and electrochemical properties were investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis, UV-Visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and cyclic v

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21

Volkmar, K. M., and C. Chang. "Influence of hydrophilic gel polymers on water relations and growth and yield of barley and canola." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 75, no. 3 (1995): 605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps95-105.

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Hydrophilic super-absorbent polymers retain large amounts of plant-available moisture and have been promoted for use as soil amendments in drought-prone regions. This controlled-environment study evaluated the capacity of two commercial polymer gels, Grogel and Transorb, to mitigate the effects of recurring moderate water-deficit stress (dry-down to 50% field capacity before rewatering) on growth and yield of barley and canola. Rates of 0.03, 0.12, 0.47 and 1.87 g polymer kg−1 sandy loam soil (1, 4, 16 and 64 times the recommended commercial application rate) were tested. Plants were grown at

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22

Kang, Li Tao, Yan Feng Gao, and Hong Jie Luo. "VO₂ Films by Polymer-Assisted Deposition: Investigation of Thermal Decomposition of Precursor Gel and Control of Phase Transition Temperatures." Materials Science Forum 687 (June 2011): 791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.687.791.

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Polymer-assisted deposition (PAD) can be employed to prepare metal oxide films by coordination between metal ions and polymers instead of hydrolysis and condensation reactions, providing a cheap and scalable alternative for sol-gel process. This work involves a TG/DTA-MS study on the thermal decomposition of the precursor gel to form VO2 films. The results show that polymers influence effectively the achievement of thermochromic VO2, supporting the film-forming mechanism we proposed in a previous work. W-doping shifted the MIT temperature from 58 to 33 °C while remained 73% of the modulating a

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23

Park, Sung Jin, Myong Euy Lee, Hyeon Mo Cho, and Sangdeok Shim. "New Condensation Polymer Precursors Containing Consecutive Silicon Atoms—Decaisopropoxycyclopentasilane and Dodecaethoxyneopentasilane—And Their Sol–Gel Polymerization." Polymers 11, no. 5 (2019): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11050841.

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The sol–gel polymerization of alkoxysilanes is a convenient and widely used method for the synthesis of silicon polymers and silicon–organic composites. The development of new sol–gel precursors is very important for obtaining new types of sol–gel products. New condensation polymer precursors containing consecutive silicon atoms—decaisopropoxycyclopentasilane (CPS) and dodecaethoxyneopentasilane (NPS)—were synthesized for the preparation of polysilane–polysiloxane material. The CPS and NPS xerogels were prepared by the sol–gel polymerization of CPS and NPS under three reaction conditions (acid

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24

ZHANG, D. W., X. D. LI, S. M. HUANG, et al. "QUASI-SOLID-STATE DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS WITH A HIGH MOLECULAR GEL POLYMER ELECTROLYTE BASED ON PEO/P(VDF-HFP)." International Journal of Nanoscience 09, no. 04 (2010): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x10006764.

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Quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells were fabricated using a high molecular polymer redox electrolyte. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and Poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)) were used to form a stable quasi-solid structure and a three-dimensional gel polymer network structure. The polymer electrolytes were composed of LiI , I2 , and DMPII in the mixture of propylene carbonate (PC) and γ-butyrolactone (GBL) with different volume ratios. A metal-free organic dye (indoline dye D102) was used as a sensitizer. The ionic conductivity of the gel polymer electrolytes was m

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Zhou, Haiyan, and Afshin Davarpanah. "Hybrid Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques: A Simulation Study." Symmetry 12, no. 7 (2020): 1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12071086.

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Simultaneous utilization of surfactant and preformed particle gel (henceforth; PPG) flooding on the oil recovery enhancement has been widely investigated as a preferable enhanced oil recovery technique after the polymer flooding. In this paper, a numerical model is developed to simulate the profound impact of hybrid chemical enhanced oil recovery methods (PPG/polymer/surfactant) in sandstone reservoirs. Moreover, the gel particle conformance control is considered in the developed model after polymer flooding performances on the oil recovery enhancement. To validate the developed model, two set

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Wang, Pi, Hao Xing, Danyu Xia, and Xiaofan Ji. "A novel supramolecular polymer gel constructed by crosslinking pillar[5]arene-based supramolecular polymers through metal–ligand interactions." Chemical Communications 51, no. 98 (2015): 17431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc07252b.

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A novel heteroditopic A–B monomer was synthesized and used to construct linear supramolecular polymers utilizing pillar[5]arene-based host–guest interactions. Upon addition of Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions, a supramolecular polymer gel formed through metal–ligand interactions.

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SCHIESSEL, H., and A. BLUMEN. "FRACTAL ASPECTS IN POLYMER SCIENCE." Fractals 03, no. 03 (1995): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x95000400.

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Scaling aspects are of common occurrence in polymer science. Here we concentrate on the fractal behavior of dynamical systems. As examples we focus on the sol-gel transition and on the patterns of motion displayed by polyampholytes (polymers containing positive and negative charges).

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Rahman, Ismail Ab, and Vejayakumaran Padavettan. "Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticles by Sol-Gel: Size-Dependent Properties, Surface Modification, and Applications in Silica-Polymer Nanocomposites—A Review." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/132424.

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Application of silica nanoparticles as fillers in the preparation of nanocomposite of polymers has drawn much attention, due to the increased demand for new materials with improved thermal, mechanical, physical, and chemical properties. Recent developments in the synthesis of monodispersed, narrow-size distribution of nanoparticles by sol-gel method provide significant boost to development of silica-polymer nanocomposites. This paper is written by emphasizing on the synthesis of silica nanoparticles, characterization on size-dependent properties, and surface modification for the preparation of

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Obino, Velima, and Upendra Yadav. "Application of Polymer Based Nanocomposites for Water Shutoff—A Review." Fuels 2, no. 3 (2021): 304–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fuels2030018.

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One highly undesirable characteristic of mature assets that inhibits oil recovery is high water production. Polymer gel treatment is a popular conformance improvement technique applied in this regard due to its cost effectiveness and proved efficiency. Despite this popularity, optimum performance of polymer hydrogels in water shut off is inhibited by excessive aggregation, difficulty in controlling gelation, and their instability at high temperature and high salinity reservoir conditions. To address these shortcomings, research on the application of nanoparticles (NPs) in polymer hydrogels to

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Murata, H., H. Chimori, T. Hamada, and J. F. McCabe. "Viscoelasticity of Dental Tissue Conditioners during the Sol-gel Transition." Journal of Dental Research 84, no. 4 (2005): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910508400416.

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Formation of tissue conditioners is a process of polymer chain entanglements. This study evaluated the influence of composition and structure on dynamic viscoelasticity of concentrated polymer solutions based on poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) used as tissue conditioners through the sol-gel transition. The hypothesis was that the ethanol content is the most influential factor in determining gelation speed. Rheological parameters were determined with the use of a controlled-stress rheometer. Analysis of variance by orthogonal array L16(45) indicated that the strong polar bonding of ethanol (con

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Tolstov, А. L., V. F. Matyushov, O. N. Malanchuk, D. A. Klimchuk, and E. V. Lebedev. "Structure and properties of sol-gel synthesized silver-containing hybrid oligourethane-siloxane systems." Polymer journal 39, no. 3 (2017): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/polymerj.39.03.163.

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Al-Joufi, Fakhria, Mohammed Elmowafy, Nabil K. Alruwaili, et al. "Mucoadhesive In Situ Rectal Gel Loaded with Rifampicin: Strategy to Improve Bioavailability and Alleviate Liver Toxicity." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 3 (2021): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13030336.

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Although it is a front-line in tuberculosis treatment, rifampicin (RF) exhibits poor oral bioavailability and hepatotoxicity. Rectal mucoadhesive and in situ rectal gels were developed to overcome drug drawbacks. A RF/polyethylene glycol 6000 co-precipitate was first prepared in different ratios. Based on the drug solubility, the selected ratio was investigated for drug/polymer interaction and then incorporated into in situ rectal gels using Pluronic F127 (15%) and Pluronic F68 (10%) as a gel base and mucoadhesive polymers (HPMC, sodium alginate and chitosan). The formulations were assessed fo

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33

Fichman, Galit, Tom Guterman, Joshua Damron, et al. "Spontaneous structural transition and crystal formation in minimal supramolecular polymer model." Science Advances 2, no. 2 (2016): e1500827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500827.

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The association of building blocks into supramolecular polymers allows the fabrication of diverse functional architectures at the nanoscale. The use of minimal assembly units to explore polymer dynamics and phase transitions significantly contributes to the application of polymer physicochemical paradigms in the field of supramolecular polymers. We present a minimal model that displays spontaneous coordinated structural transitions between micro- and nanostructures, hydrogels with nanoscale order, and single crystals. The simple amphiphilic 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine

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HIDAYAT, RAHMAT, HERMAN, FITRILAWATI, MASAYOSHI OJIMA, and MASANORI OZAKI. "FABRICATION OF DISTRIBUTED FEEDBACK GRATING FROM HYBRID POLYMER WHICH EXHIBITS PHOTO-PUMPED LASING ACTION." International Journal of Nanoscience 09, no. 04 (2010): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x10006855.

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We have studied the preparation of hybrid organic–inorganic polymers and the fabrication of distributed feedback grating using those hybrid polymers. The hybrid polymer precursors were prepared from ester-modified silicon alkoxide by using sol–gel technique. The gel precursor can be then polymerized into a solid film by photo-polymerization. The gratings were fabricated by interference laser technique by employing Lloyd's mirror configuration. The Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) image shows the formation of corrugated grating structure. Although the grating depth is relatively shallow compared t

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Davlyud, D. N., P. D. Vorobiev, Yu V. Matrunchik, E. V. Vorobieva, and N. P. Krutko. "ACRYLAMIDE (CO)POLYMERS DISSOLUTION IN WATER-SALINE SOLUTIONS." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Chemical Series 54, no. 3 (2018): 329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8331-2018-54-3-329-337.

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Dissolution of acrylamide anionic (co)polymers in saline solutions (potassium and sodium chlorides) with concentration of 3.4 mol/l was studied by atomic absorption spectroscopy, optical microscopy, gel-test and capillary viscosimetry. It has been established that with increasing in the content of ionogenic groups and the transition from sodium chloride to potassium chloride solutions the dissolution rate of (co)polymer increases. The concentration of cations of low molecular weight electrolytes is higher in the swollen polymer phase than in the solution in the swelling stage of polymers, the

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Zhang, Chenghong, Bin He, Zhipeng Wang, Yanmin Zhou, and Aiguo Ming. "Application and Analysis of an Ionic Liquid Gel in a Soft Robot." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2857282.

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Due to their light weight, flexibility, and low energy consumption, ionic electroactive polymers have become a hotspot for bionic soft robotics and are ideal materials for the preparation of soft actuators. Because the traditional ionic electroactive polymers, such as ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs), contain water ions, a soft actuator does not work properly upon the evaporation of water ions. An ionic liquid polymer gel is a new type of ionic electroactive polymer that does not contain water ions, and ionic liquids are more thermally and electrochemically stable than water. These liqui

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Tanaka, Fumihiko. "Thermoreversible Gelation with Two-Component Mixed Cross-Link Junctions of Variable Multiplicity in Ternary Polymer Solutions." Gels 7, no. 3 (2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels7030089.

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Theoretical scheme is developed to study thermoreversible gelation interfering with liquid–liquid phase separation in mixtures of reactive f-functional molecules R{Af} and g-functional ones R{Bg} dissolved in a common solvent. Formed polymer networks are assumed to include multiple cross-link junctions containing arbitrary numbers k1 and k2 of functional groups A and B of each species. Sol-gel transition lines and spinodal lines are drawn on the ternary phase plane for some important models of multiple cross-link junctions with specified microscopic structure. It is shown that, if the cross-li

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Porter, LJ. "Number- and Weight-Average Molecular Weights for Some Proanthocyanidin Polymers (Condensed Tannins)." Australian Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 4 (1986): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9860557.

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The number-average molecular weights (Mn) and weight-average molecular weights (Mw) for proanthocyanidin polymers (condensed tannins) have been measured by vapour pressure osmometry and low-angle laser light-scattering measurements in methanol. These confirm earlier findings (based on gel permeation chromatography of the peracetate derivatives of these polymers) that they are polydisperse. The results also indicate that the incidence of branching in the polymer chains increases as the average chain length increases.

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Huang, Yanbin, Igal Szleifer, and Nikolaos A. Peppas. "Gel–gel adhesion by tethered polymers." Journal of Chemical Physics 114, no. 8 (2001): 3809–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1345723.

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Litvinova, Larissa S., and Vladimir N. Zgonnik. "Separation of C60 and C70 Fullerenes by Thin-Layer Chromatography on Silica Gel Impregnated with Polymers." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 82, no. 2 (1999): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/82.2.227.

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Abstract Separation of C60 and C7 fullerenes was studied on silica gel layers impregnated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and poly(ethyl- ene oxide) (PEO) solutions at 0.5-2.5%. To evaluate the effect of polymer nature on the retention of fullerenes, ΔhRf’ values were determined: ΔhRf’ =hRf(impregnated siO2)-hRf(siO2). For all polymers, the ΔhRf’ values of fullerenes increased with increasing concentration (C) of the impregnating solution. At C = 2.5%, ΔhRf’ increased with polymer nature in the following order: PVA &lt; PEO &lt; PVP. The separation selectivity

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Sienicki, W., and M. Wojtewicz. "Chemically Modified Polymethyl Methacrylate in a Magnesium-Polymer Cell." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 4 (September 2013): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.4.76.

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As a result of the electrophilic protonation of a carboxyl group of dielectric polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF3SO3H), a modified conducting polymer material was produced in the shape of a thin elastic lamina and a dense conductive gel, whose density was 1.26 g/cm3. These polymers conduct electricity, do not dissolve in either cold or warm water and are also resistant to weather conditions. Their conductivity in room temperature is 7.5·10-3 Scm-1 and it greatly increases above 154 K. Activation energy Ea decreases with increasing temperature in the range 154

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Chen, Yun Hsuan, Maaike Op de Beeck, Luc Vanderheyden, Kris Vanstreels, Herman Vandormael, and Chris van Hoof. "Soft Conductive Polymer Dry Electrodes for High-Quality and Comfortable ECG/EEG Measurements." Advances in Science and Technology 96 (October 2014): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.96.102.

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Wet gel electrodes are widely used for ECG/EEG monitoring, their low impedance results in high-quality signals. But they have important drawbacks too, such as time-consuming electrode set-up for EEG followed by a painful removal, skin irritation by the gel and signal degradation due to gel drying. Hence various dry electrode types are investigated, such as hard metal electrodes with low impedance but limited patient comfort/safety. We focus on flexible conductive polymer-based electrodes to combine low impedance, user comfort and safety. The composition of the conductive polymers is optimized

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Balan, Corneliu, and Ralf Riedel. "Sol – Gel Modelling Associated with the Rheology of Polymeric Precursors of Ceramic Materials." Applied Rheology 13, no. 5 (2003): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arh-2003-0016.

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Abstract A general constitutive relation describing the change of viscoelastic behavior during the liquid - solid (sol - gel) transition which takes place in preceramic polymers is derived on the basis of Jeffrey’s 3-constants model with time dependent viscosities and elasticity. It is postulated that the sol - gel - transition can be analyzed analogous to the solutions of the Avrami equation used for modeling crystallization processes. Two different polymer systems used as precursor for the production of ceramic materials are investigated here: i) a mixture based on polysiloxane, alumatrane a

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Cuthbert, Julia, Saigopalakrishna S. Yerneni, Mingkang Sun, Travis Fu, and Krzysztof Matyjaszewski. "Degradable Polymer Stars Based on Tannic Acid Cores by ATRP." Polymers 11, no. 5 (2019): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11050752.

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Degradable polymers are crucial in order to reduce plastic environmental pollution and waste accumulation. In this paper, a natural product, tannic acid was modified to be used as a polymer star core. The tannic acid was modified with atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiators and characterized by 1H NMR, FT-IR, and XPS. Twenty-five arm polymer stars were prepared by photoinduced ATRP of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or poly(oligo(ethylene oxide) methacrylate) (molar mass Mw = 300 g/mol) (P(OEO300MA)). The polymer stars were degraded by cleaving the polymer star arms attached to

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Taokaew, Siriporn, Nattanich Wattanaphraya, and Worawut Kriangkrai. "Characterization of Rheological Property of Mucoadhesive Polymeric Sol-Gel in the Presence of Black Ginger Kaempferia parviflora Extract." Key Engineering Materials 859 (August 2020): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.859.81.

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The local drug delivery based on mucoadhesion is an effective medical treatment. The mucoadhesive property relies on the formulated gel having optimized rheology. The addition of the drug also showed a major influence towards the sol-gel transition. In this study, compositional effect of Eudragit E100® base polymer, various mucoadhesive polymers, and the black ginger extract on the rheological property of the formulated sol-gel was assessed. It was found that gelling point and gel strength could be tuned mainly based on the concentration of Eudragit E100 limited at 40% w/w due to the viscosity

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Guglielmi, M., G. Brusatin, G. Facchin, and M. Gleria. "Hybrid materials based on the reaction of polyorganophosphazenes and SiO2 precursors." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 8 (1996): 2029–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0255.

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New molecular composite materials can be prepared based on an inorganic oxide network and an organic polymer. The polymeric component generally requires low process temperatures, due to the presence of the organic backbone or side groups. A sol-gel process therefore is suitable for synthesizing the inorganic component by dissolving soluble polymers into sol-gel precursor solutions in order to obtain ceramic and polymeric solid phases. In this work polyorganophosphazenes were used because they have many technologically interesting properties (chemical, optical, electrical, mechanical). The meth

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Tan, Jin, Chenguang Wang, Qi Zhang, and Longlong Ma. "Synthesis and Characterization of Furans and Levulinates Polymers: Derived from Cellulosic Carbohydrates via Aldol Condensation." E3S Web of Conferences 53 (2018): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185303011.

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Aldol condensation between furans and levulinates shows a selective route for the polymers production. In this work, the influences of mole ratio between furans and levulinates as well as substrate species on the formation of polymers structure were investigated. The characterization of gel permeation chromatography and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance to the synthesized polymers suggested that the mole ratio between furans and levulinates, and substrate species exhibited a great effect on the structure of polymers. Higher mole ratios between furans and levulinates resulted in the aggravated pol

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Mukbaniani, Omari, Jimsher Aneli, Tamara Tatrishvili, and Eliza Markarashvili. "Solid Polymer Electrolyte Membranes on the Basis of Fluorosiloxane Matrix." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 15, no. 2 (2021): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht15.02.198.

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Hydrosilylation reactions of 2,4,6,8-tetrahydro-2,4,6,8-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4H) with 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl acrylate at 1:4.2 ratio of initial compounds catalysed by platinum catalysts have been studied and corresponding adduct D4R' has been obtained. Ring opening polymerization of D4R in the presence of dry potassium hydroxide has been carried out and comb-type polymers with 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl propionate side groups have been obtained. The synthesized product D4R and polymers were analyzed by FTIR, 1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy. The solid polymer elect

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Patel, Ravikumar, and Jayvadan Patel. "Development and evaluation of in situ novel intragastric controlled-release formulation of hydrochlorothiazide." Acta Pharmaceutica 61, no. 1 (2011): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10007-011-003-9.

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Development and evaluation of in situ novel intragastric controlled-release formulation of hydrochlorothiazide In situ forming intragastric controlled-release formulation is a new technology in the field of oral controlled-release delivery systems. The objective of this study was to develop formulations that can control drug release up to 24 hours. In addition, a combination of appropriate polymers and solvents was selected that could form a drug loaded gel at the process temperature of 60-70 °C, which gel could turn into a rigid mass upon exposure to dissolution fluid at body temperature. The

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Reis, Emmerson M., Wander L. Vasconcelos, Herman S. Mansur, and Marivalda Pereira. "Synthesis and Characterization of Silica-Chitosan Porous Hybrids for Tissue Engineering." Key Engineering Materials 361-363 (November 2007): 967–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.967.

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A variety of types of organic polymers have been employed in the synthesis of hybrids with silica. In this work the sol-gel method was used for preparation of macroporous 3D hybrid scaffolds based on silica and chitosan in various compositions (10, 20 and 30% wt). The hybrids were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (DRX) and Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR) and the effect of addition of the polymer was evaluated. The foams obtained by sol-gel process were appropriate to produce hybrids based on chitosan-silica and showed large pore size distribution and porosity, ex

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