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Journal articles on the topic 'Gels and Hydrogels'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 23 November 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Xu, Bo, Yuwei Liu, Lanlan Wang, et al. "High-Strength Nanocomposite Hydrogels with Swelling-Resistant and Anti-Dehydration Properties." Polymers 10, no. 9 (2018): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10091025.

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Hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties have potential for use in various fields. However, the swelling of hydrogels under water and the dehydration of hydrogels in air severely limits the practical applications of high-strength hydrogels due to the influence of air and water on the mechanical performance of hydrogels. In this study, we report on a kind of tough and strong nanocomposite hydrogels (NC-G gels) with both swelling-resistant and anti-dehydration properties via in situ free radical copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (VP) in the water-glycerol bi-s

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2

Abhishek, Soni 1. *. Dr. Amit Chaudhary 1. Dr. Shivali Singla 2. Dr. Sachin Goyal 2. "REVIEW ON: NOVEL APPROACH IN PHARMACEUTICAL GEL." Journal of Pharma Research 8, no. 6 (2019): 429–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3265342.

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<strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong> <strong><em>R</em></strong><em>eview on novel approach in pharmaceutical gel explains about gels and its novel development as hydrogel. Gel which is defined as intermediate state of matter consists of liquid and solid components. Hydrogels are also briefly discussed in the review that is defined as three dimensional structures which has capacity to retain bulk amount of water and also biological fluids to swell. In novel approach in pharmaceutical gel is In-Situ gels. In-situ gels are type of hydrogels that are solution in form and undergo gelation in contact

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3

Burchak, Vadym, Fritz Koch, Leonard Siebler, et al. "Evaluation of a Novel Thiol–Norbornene-Functionalized Gelatin Hydrogel for Bioprinting of Mesenchymal Stem Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 14 (2022): 7939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147939.

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Introduction: Three-dimensional bioprinting can be considered as an advancement of the classical tissue engineering concept. For bioprinting, cells have to be dispersed in hydrogels. Recently, a novel semi-synthetic thiolene hydrogel system based on norbornene-functionalized gelatin (GelNB) and thiolated gelatin (GelS) was described that resulted in the photoclick hydrogel GelNB/GelS. In this study, we evaluated the printability and biocompatibility of this hydrogel system towards adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). Methods: GelNB/GelS was synthesized with three different cro

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Naficy, Sina, Hugh R. Brown, Joselito M. Razal, Geoffrey M. Spinks, and Philip G. Whitten. "Progress Toward Robust Polymer Hydrogels." Australian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 8 (2011): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch11156.

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In this review we highlight new developments in tough hydrogel materials in terms of their enhanced mechanical performance and their corresponding toughening mechanisms. These mechanically robust hydrogels have been developed over the past 10 years with many now showing mechanical properties comparable with those of natural tissues. By first reviewing the brittleness of conventional synthetic hydrogels, we introduce each new class of tough hydrogel: homogeneous gels, slip-link gels, double-network gels, nanocomposite gels and gels formed using poly-functional crosslinkers. In each case we prov

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Bhuyan, Md Murshed, and Jae-Ho Jeong. "Gels/Hydrogels in Different Devices/Instruments—A Review." Gels 10, no. 9 (2024): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels10090548.

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Owing to their physical and chemical properties and stimuli-responsive nature, gels and hydrogels play vital roles in diverse application fields. The three-dimensional polymeric network structure of hydrogels is considered an alternative to many materials, such as conductors, ordinary films, constituent components of machines and robots, etc. The most recent applications of gels are in different devices like sensors, actuators, flexible screens, touch panels, flexible storage, solar cells, batteries, and electronic skin. This review article addresses the devices where gels are used, the progre

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Shoukat, Hina, Fahad Pervaiz, and Sobia Noreen. "Novel Crosslinking Methods to Design Hydrogels." Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review I, no. I (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpsr.2016(i-i).01.

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Hydrogels are presently under consideration as matrices for the controlled bioactive molecules delivery particularly proteins and for living cells encapsulation. For these applications, gels must undergo degradation under physiological conditions. This overview summarized and discussed the various physical and chemical crosslinking methods to design hydrogels that are biodegradable. Highly versatile method to prepare hydrogels with good mechanical stability is chemical crosslinking. However, the crosslinker employed can give undesirable reactions with the bioactive substances present in the hy

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7

Li, Peng, Nam Hoon Kim, Sambhu Bhadra, and Joong Hee Lee. "Electroresponsive Property of Novel Poly(acrylate- acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride)/Clay Nanocomposite Hydrogels." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 2263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.2263.

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The poly(acrylate-acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride)/clay nanocomposite hydrogels (poly(AAc-DAc)/clay NC gels) with different clay contents were prepared by using clay as a cross-linker. The hydrogel exhibited good electroresponsive property and excellent mechanical property. The hydrogels initially bent toward the cathode side followed by anode side under an electric field. Concentrations of NaCl solution, voltage of electric field and clay content of the hydrogels have significant effects on the electroresponsive property of the hydrogels. Clay exhibited two opposite effects on th

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8

Durgesh, R. Patil, B. Patil Chandani, N. Patil Amruta, and P. Pawar Dr.Sunil. "An Review of the Innovative Method used in Medicinal Gels." Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews in Virology & Microbiology 1, no. 2 (2024): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11368052.

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<em>An overview of the innovative method used in medicinal gels describes gels and their groundbreaking creation as hydrogels. Gel is an intermediate state of matter made up of both solid and liquid constituents. The paper also includes a brief discussion on hydrogels, which are three-dimensional structures that have the ability to hold biological fluids and a significant amount of water without swelling. In-Situ gels are an innovative method in pharmaceutical gel. Hydrogels with a solution form that gel when in touch with bodily fluids or when their pH changes are known as in-situ gels. A num

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9

Gorantla, Srividya, Tejashree Waghule, Vamshi Krishna Rapalli, et al. "Advanced Hydrogels Based Drug Delivery Systems for Ophthalmic Delivery." Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation 13, no. 4 (2020): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872211314666200108094851.

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Hydrogels are aqueous gels composed of cross-linked networks of hydrophilic polymers. Stimuli-responsive based hydrogels have gained focus over the past 20 years for treating ophthalmic diseases. Different stimuli-responsive mechanisms are involved in forming polymer hydrogel networks, including change in temperature, pH, ions, and others including light, thrombin, pressure, antigen, and glucose-responsive. Incorporation of nanocarriers with these smart stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems that can extend the duration of action by increasing ocular bioavailability and reducing the dosing f

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10

Fallon, Halligan, Pezzoli, Geever, and Higginbotham. "Synthesis and Characterisation of Novel Temperature and pH Sensitive Physically Cross-Linked Poly (N-vinylcaprolactam-co-itaconic Acid) Hydrogels for Drug Delivery." Gels 5, no. 3 (2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels5030041.

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Previous studies involving poly N-vinylcaprolactam (PNVCL) and itaconic acid (IA) have synthesised the hydrogels with the presence of a solvent and a crosslinker, producing chemically crosslinked hydrogel systems. In this study, however, temperature sensitive PNVCL was physically crosslinked with a pH-sensitive comonomer IA through ultraviolet (UV) free-radical polymerization, without the presence of a solvent, to produce hydrogels with dual sensitivity. The attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy indicated successful polymerisation of the hydrogels. The

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Seida, Yoshimi, and Hideaki Tokuyama. "Hydrogel Adsorbents for the Removal of Hazardous Pollutants—Requirements and Available Functions as Adsorbent." Gels 8, no. 4 (2022): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8040220.

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Over the last few decades, various adsorption functions of polymer hydrogels for the removal of hazardous pollutants have been developed. The performance of hydrogel adsorbents depends on the constituents of the gels and the functions produced by the polymer networks of the gels. Research on hydrogels utilizing the characteristic functions of polymer networks has increased over the last decade. The functions of polymer networks are key to the development of advanced adsorbents for the removal of various pollutants. No review has discussed hydrogel adsorbents from the perspective of the roles a

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O’Connor, Naphtali A., Abdulhaq Syed, Madeline Wong, et al. "Polydopamine Antioxidant Hydrogels for Wound Healing Applications." Gels 6, no. 4 (2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels6040039.

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Antioxidants are known to improve the wound healing process and are researched as a therapeutic strategy to treat chronic wounds. Dopamine is a known neurotransmitter with antioxidant properties that can be polymerized to form polydopamine (PDA). Herein, polydopamine is demonstrated as an antioxidant biomaterial. In prior work, we developed methodology to prepare hydrogels by crosslinking polysaccharides with polyamines via epichlorohydrin and NaOH. Using this previously developed methodology, dextran hydrogels crosslinked with polydopamine were prepared. Darkening of the gels indicated the in

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13

Feng, Huanhuan, Tingting Zheng, Xuezhen Wang, and Huiliang Wang. "Poly(acrylamide)-MWNTs hybrid hydrogel with extremely high mechanical strength." Open Chemistry 14, no. 1 (2016): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2016-0017.

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AbstractPoly(acrylamide)-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PAAm-MWNTs) hybrid hydrogels were prepared through the radiation-induced polymerization and crosslinking of the aqueous solution of acrylamide and well-dispersed MWNTs for the first time. The PAAm gels obtained by the radiation-induced polymerization and cosslinking showed very high mechanical strengths, and the PAAm-MWNTs hybrid hydrogels had improved mechanical properties compared with the PAAm gels, and hence the PAAm-MWNTs hybrid hydrogels showed extremely high compressive and tensile strengths. The hybrid hydrogels with water contents

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14

Kaberova, Zhansaya, Evgeny Karpushkin, Martina Nevoralová, Miroslav Vetrík, Miroslav Šlouf, and Miroslava Dušková-Smrčková. "Microscopic Structure of Swollen Hydrogels by Scanning Electron and Light Microscopies: Artifacts and Reality." Polymers 12, no. 3 (2020): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030578.

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The exact knowledge of hydrogel microstructure, mainly its pore topology, is a key issue in hydrogel engineering. For visualization of the swollen hydrogels, the cryogenic or high vacuum scanning electron microscopies (cryo-SEM or HVSEM) are frequently used while the possibility of artifact-biased images is frequently underestimated. The major cause of artifacts is the formation of ice crystals upon freezing of the hydrated gel. Some porous hydrogels can be visualized with SEM without the danger of artifacts because the growing crystals are accommodated within already existing primary pores of

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15

Chen, Miao, Weimin Lin, Le Hong, Ning Ji, and Hang Zhao. "The Development and Lifetime Stability Improvement of Guanosine-Based Supramolecular Hydrogels through Optimized Structure." BioMed Research International 2019 (June 13, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6258248.

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Guanosine is an important building block for supramolecular gels owing to the unique self-assembly property that results from the unique hydrogen bond acceptors and donor groups. Guanosine-derived supramolecular hydrogels have promise in the fields of drug delivery, targeted release, tissue engineering applications,etc.However, the property of poor longevity and the need for excess cations hinder the widespread applications of guanosine hydrogels. Although guanosine-derived supramolecular hydrogels have been reviewed previously by Dash et al., the structural framework of this review is differe

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16

Sun, Hong, Tao Wu, Yong Qiang He, Qiao Juan Gong, Jian Ping Gao, and Yu Liu. "Fabrication of Stable PVA/PVP Hydrogels." Advanced Materials Research 815 (October 2013): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.815.321.

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PVA hydrogel has been used in the field of cartilage replacement in recent year. In order to improve the water-keeping ability of PVA gel and mechanical property, PVP was introduced into PVA and crosslinked by adding ammonium persulfate to form a composite gel. The crosslinkage of the gel was identified, and the effect of PVP and ammonium persulfate amount on the composite gel was studied. The crosslinkage, the degree of swelling and the compress stress of the composite gels have been tested. UV analysis was used to investigate the release of PVP from the composite gels. The dried composite ge

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17

Cui, Wei, Ting Li, Hang Li, Le Min Zhu, Huan Liu, and Rong Ran. "Investigation of Mechanical Properties and Dye Adsorption Capacities of Novel Hydrophobic Association Nanocomposite Hydrogels." Materials Science Forum 815 (March 2015): 568–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.815.568.

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The preparation of high performance hydrogels has always been one of the research focuses in the area of soft matters and functional polymers. In this paper, a facile method was developed for the preparation of high performance hydrophobic association nanocomposite hydrogels (HANC gels) via in situ copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) and octadecyl methacrylate (OMA) in the aqueous suspension of hectorite clay Laponite HZ-200 (clay) with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS). Tensile hysteresis curves showed that the hysteresis degrees between HANC gels and conventional hydrophobic associatio

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18

Fekete, Erika, and Emília Csiszár. "Chitosan–Alginate Gels for Sorption of Hazardous Materials: The Effect of Chemical Composition and Physical State." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 15 (2024): 8406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158406.

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Chitosan, alginate, and chitosan–alginate (50:50) mixed hydrogels were prepared by freeze casting, freeze-drying, and subsequent physical cross-linking. Chitosan was cross-linked with citrate and alginate with calcium ions, while the mixed gels were cross-linked with both cross-linking agents. Both cryogels and xerogels were obtained by lyophilization and drying of the hydrogels. We investigated the effect of the chemical composition and the physical state of gels on the gel structure and sorption of model dyes. Alginate and mixed gels cross-linked with Ca2+ ions sorbed 80–95% of cationic dye

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Singh, Aditya Narayan, Abhishek Meena, and Kyung-Wan Nam. "Gels in Motion: Recent Advancements in Energy Applications." Gels 10, no. 2 (2024): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels10020122.

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Gels are attracting materials for energy storage technologies. The strategic development of hydrogels with enhanced physicochemical properties, such as superior mechanical strength, flexibility, and charge transport capabilities, introduces novel prospects for advancing next-generation batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors. Through a refined comprehension of gelation chemistry, researchers have achieved notable progress in fabricating hydrogels endowed with stimuli-responsive, self-healing, and highly stretchable characteristics. This mini-review delineates the integration of hydrogels in

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20

Popeyko, O. V., and E. I. Istomina. "Preparation and Properties of Hydrogel Matrices based on Pectins from Callus Cultures." Biotekhnologiya 36, no. 3 (2020): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21519/0234-2758-2020-36-3-63-72.

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Hydrogel matrices have been obtained from pectins of Silene vulgaris (SVC), Tanacetum vulgare (TVC) and Lemna minor (LMC) callus cultures, and from apple pectin (AU701). They differed in gel strength, calcium ion content and surface morphology. During the incubation under simulated gastric conditions (pH 1.25), the gel strength and calcium content decreased. The degradation degree of hydrogels grew in the range TVC < SVC < LMC < AU701. The degradation degree of hydrogels from the SVC, LMC, and TVC pectins gradually increased over 4 hours, while hydrogels from the AU701 pectin were des

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21

Wu, Shuping, Chao Xu, Yiran Zhao, et al. "Recent Advances in Chitosan-Based Hydrogels for Flexible Wearable Sensors." Chemosensors 11, no. 1 (2023): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11010039.

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Flexible wearable sensors show great potential for applications in wearable devices, remote health monitoring, artificial intelligence, soft robotics, and artificial skin due to their stretchability, bendability, thinness and portability, and excellent electrical properties. Hydrogels have tunable mechanical properties, excellent biocompatibility, and flexibility, making them attractive candidates for wearable flexible sensors. Among them, tremendous efforts have focused on the advancement of chitosan-based hydrogels (CS-Gels) to realize multifunctional wearable sensing by modifying hydrogel n

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Chippada, Uday, Bernard Yurke, and Noshir A. Langrana. "Simultaneous determination of Young's modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio of soft hydrogels." Journal of Materials Research 25, no. 3 (2010): 545–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2010.0067.

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Besides biological and chemical cues, cellular behavior has been found to be affected by mechanical cues such as traction forces, surface topology, and in particular the mechanical properties of the substrate. The present study focuses on completely characterizing the bulk linear mechanical properties of such soft substrates, a good example of which are hydrogels. The complete characterization involves the measurement of Young's modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio of these hydrogels, which is achieved by manipulating nonspherical magnetic microneedles embedded inside them. Translating

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Skopinska-Wisniewska, Joanna, Silvia De la Flor, and Justyna Kozlowska. "From Supramolecular Hydrogels to Multifunctional Carriers for Biologically Active Substances." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14 (2021): 7402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147402.

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Supramolecular hydrogels are 3D, elastic, water-swelled materials that are held together by reversible, non-covalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic, ionic, host–guest interactions, and metal–ligand coordination. These interactions determine the hydrogels’ unique properties: mechanical strength; stretchability; injectability; ability to self-heal; shear-thinning; and sensitivity to stimuli, e.g., pH, temperature, the presence of ions, and other chemical substances. For this reason, supramolecular hydrogels have attracted considerable attention as carriers for active substance

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Mahmood, Ayaz, Dev Patel, Brandon Hickson, John DesRochers, and Xiao Hu. "Recent Progress in Biopolymer-Based Hydrogel Materials for Biomedical Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (2022): 1415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031415.

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Hydrogels from biopolymers are readily synthesized, can possess various characteristics for different applications, and have been widely used in biomedicine to help with patient treatments and outcomes. Polysaccharides, polypeptides, and nucleic acids can be produced into hydrogels, each for unique purposes depending on their qualities. Examples of polypeptide hydrogels include collagen, gelatin, and elastin, and polysaccharide hydrogels include alginate, cellulose, and glycosaminoglycan. Many different theories have been formulated to research hydrogels, which include Flory-Rehner theory, Rub

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Marrale, Maurizio, and Francesco d’Errico. "Hydrogels for Three-Dimensional Ionizing-Radiation Dosimetry." Gels 7, no. 2 (2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels7020074.

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Radiation-sensitive gels are among the most recent and promising developments for radiation therapy (RT) dosimetry. RT dosimetry has the twofold goal of ensuring the quality of the treatment and the radiation protection of the patient. Benchmark dosimetry for acceptance testing and commissioning of RT systems is still based on ionization chambers. However, even the smallest chambers cannot resolve the steep dose gradients of up to 30–50% per mm generated with the most advanced techniques. While a multitude of systems based, e.g., on luminescence, silicon diodes and radiochromic materials have

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Arshad, Anam, Khadija Fakhar, Intsaf Usman Lodhi, Khadija Haroon, and Rameen Khurram. "Gradient Gels: Exploring Diverse Starch Concentrations in Hydrogel Formulations." Summer 2023 VIII, no. III (2022): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpsr.2023(viii-iii).03.

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Starch hydrogels can be used for both drug formulation and delivery; they have attracted a lot of interest in the pharmaceutical dispensing industry. Four pharmacy students were tasked with creating starch hydrogels in this study, with different concentrations (2%, 4%, 5%, and 10%) to see how concentration affected the hydrogels' chemical and physical characteristics. The goal of this study was to provide important new information about how to optimise starch hydrogel formulations for use in medicine. The students gained an understanding of how concentration affects properties like viscosity,

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Chen, Yi, Yueyun Zhou, Wenyong Liu, Hejie Pi, and Guangsheng Zeng. "POSS Hybrid Robust Biomass IPN Hydrogels with Temperature Responsiveness." Polymers 11, no. 3 (2019): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11030524.

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In order to improve the performance of traditional sodium alginate (SA) hydrogels cross-linked by Ca2+ ions to meet greater application demand, a strategy was designed to structure novel SA-based gels (named OP-PN gels) to achieve both stimulus responsiveness and improved mechanical strength. In this strategy, the SA chains are co-cross-linked by CaCl2 and cationic octa-ammonium polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (Oa-POSS) particles as the first network, and an organically cross-linked poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPA) network is introduced into the gels as the second network. Several mai

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Liu, Chang, Naoya Morimoto, Lan Jiang, et al. "Tough hydrogels with rapid self-reinforcement." Science 372, no. 6546 (2021): 1078–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz6694.

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Most tough hydrogels are reinforced by introducing sacrificial structures that can dissipate input energy. However, because the sacrificial damage cannot rapidly recover, the toughness of these gels drops substantially during consecutive cyclic loadings. We propose a damageless reinforcement strategy for hydrogels using strain-induced crystallization. For slide-ring gels in which polyethylene glycol chains are highly oriented and mutually exposed under large deformation, crystallinity forms and melts with elongation and retraction, resulting both in almost 100% rapid recovery of extension ener

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Tokuyama, Hideaki. "Development of Emulsion Gels and Macroporous Hydrogels and their Applications to Metal Adsorption and Enzyme Reaction." Advanced Materials Research 1112 (July 2015): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1112.141.

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Emulsion gels, that is, hydrogels containing randomly distributed oil microdroplets, and macroporous hydrogels with randomly distributed, non-interconnected, sphere-like macropores with several micrometers in diameter were prepared by the emulsion-gelation method [1]. This method involves the synthesis of hydrogels in an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion by free radical copolymerization of a monomer with a cross-linker, followed by the washing (removal) of the dispersed oil as a pore template (porogen). The observations of oil droplets in an emulsion and internal structure of a macroporous hydrogel

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Bhattacharya, Dipsikha, Lipika Ray, Panchanan Pramanik, and Jitendra Kumar Pandey. "Recent Advances in Various Inorganic Nanoparticle Embedded Chitosan-based Multifunctional Materials for Wound Healing." Current Nanomedicine 13, no. 2 (2023): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2468187313666230816095330.

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Abstract: Scarless wound management remains a clinical challenge worldwide because of its com-plicated and overlapping phases of inflammation, clearing, and regeneration. Among the currently available dressing materials, hydrogels have attracted emerging attention as potential wound dress-ing materials because of their specific properties, such as porosity, tissue-mimicking architecture, softness, and improved mechanical, biological as well as physicochemical properties. However, naturally driven hydrogels have shown several advantages over conventional hydrogels because of their biodegradabil

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Vislohuzova, Tetiana, Rita Rozhnova, Tetiana Kiselova, Galyna Kozlova, Lіudmyla Nechaeva, and Natalia Galatenko. "Hydrophilic Polyacrylamide Gels Modified with Poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone." American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology 10, no. 4 (2024): 90–96. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20241004.12.

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In modern medicine, there is a need to create biologically active polymer materials for the controlled release of drugs with improved characteristics compared to existing materials. Hydrogels are an ideal basis for creating such materials due to their high water content, excellent biocompatibility, and soft consistency, which is similar to that of body tissues. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and investigate hydrogels modified with poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) for their potential use as drug carriers. A series of polyacrylamide gels (PAAGs) were synthesized, modified with PVP at concen

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Gayatri J khanderao, Jitendra A Kubde, Pooja R Hatwar, Ravindra L Bakal, and Vaishnavi G Karule. "A review article on PH- sensitive Hydrogel." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 29, no. 3 (2024): 069–81. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.29.3.0467.

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Hydrogels are a type of hydrophilic network that can be cross-linked through physical or chemical means. They are a three-dimensional network. Hydrogels are also known as hydrophilic gels due to their significant water absorption capacity. Hydrogels are known for their swelling, mechanical qualities, biodegradability, elasticity, biocompatibility, ease of modification and flexibility, among other attributes. This article discusses general hydrogels knowledge, including its significance, preparation process, synthesis, chemical and physical properties, features, benefits, and drawbacks. Hydroge

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Gayatri, J. khanderao, A. Kubde Jitendra, R. Hatwar Pooja, L. Bakal Ravindra, and G. Karule Vaishnavi. "A review article on PH- sensitive Hydrogel." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 29, no. 3 (2024): 069–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14829686.

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Hydrogels are a type of hydrophilic network that can be cross-linked through physical or chemical means. They are a three-dimensional network. Hydrogels are also known as hydrophilic gels due to their significant water absorption capacity. Hydrogels are known for their swelling, mechanical qualities, biodegradability, elasticity, biocompatibility, ease of modification and flexibility, among other attributes. This article discusses general hydrogels knowledge, including its significance, preparation process, synthesis, chemical and physical properties, features, benefits, and drawbacks. Hydroge

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Dannert, Corinna, Bjørn Torger Stokke, and Rita S. Dias. "Nanoparticle-Hydrogel Composites: From Molecular Interactions to Macroscopic Behavior." Polymers 11, no. 2 (2019): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020275.

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Hydrogels are materials used in a variety of applications, ranging from tissue engineering to drug delivery. The incorporation of nanoparticles to yield composite hydrogels has gained substantial momentum over the years since these afford tailor-making and extend material mechanical properties far beyond those achievable through molecular design of the network component. Here, we review different procedures that have been used to integrate nanoparticles into hydrogels; the types of interactions acting between polymers and nanoparticles; and how these underpin the improved mechanical and optica

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Du, Yu Zhang, Dai Di Fan, Xiao Xuan Ma, Chen Hui Zhu, and Li Jun Zhang. "Covalently Crosslinked Human-Like Collagen Hydrogel: Properties of Biocompatibility." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 1114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.1114.

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In this paper, the cross-linking injection hydrogel were synthesized by EDC crosslinker and Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS)/Human-like collagen (HLC). Cytotoxicity was assessed by Methylthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay which indicated that the hydrogels was non-toxic to the BHK21 cell .Chondrocyct-encapsulation of this hydrogel were studied in order to asses the cells compatibility of the injection gel. The result showed that the material has no cytotoxicity to the cells and promoted cell adhesion and proliferation. Injected those hydrogels into mice subcutaneous , the following

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Radermacher, Chloé, Annika Rohde, Vytautas Kucikas, et al. "Various Hydrogel Types as a Potential In Vitro Angiogenesis Model." Gels 10, no. 12 (2024): 820. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10120820.

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Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is a fundamental process in both physiological repair mechanisms and pathological conditions, including cancer and chronic inflammation. Hydrogels are commonly used as in vitro models to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) and support endothelial cell behavior during angiogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cells further augment cell and tissue growth and are therefore widely used in regenerative medicine. Here we examined the combination of distinct hydrogel types—fibrin, collagen, and human platelet lysate (HPL)—on the formation of capillaries in a co

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Brunette, Margaret, Hal Holmes, Michael G. Lancina, et al. "Inducible nitric oxide releasing poly-(ethylene glycol)-fibrinogen adhesive hydrogels for tissue regeneration." MRS Proceedings 1569 (2013): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.797.

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ABSTRACTNitric oxide (NO) release can promote healthy tissue regeneration. A PEG-fibrinogen adhesive hydrogel that would allow for inducible NO release was created with mechanical properties that could be tailored to specific applications and tissue types. PEG (4-arm)-fibrinogen hydrogels of varying ratios were derivatized with S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D, L-penicillamine (SNAP)-thiolactone to create an active NO donor material. Controlled release from gels was established using light as the activating source, although temperature, pH, and external mechanical loading are also means to induce active N

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Gourdie, Robert G., Tereance A. Myers, Alex McFadden, Yin-xiong Li, and Jay D. Potts. "Self-Organizing Tissue-Engineered Constructs in Collagen Hydrogels." Microscopy and Microanalysis 18, no. 1 (2012): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927611012372.

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AbstractA novel self-organizing behavior of cellularized gels composed of collagen type 1 that may have utility for tissue engineering is described. Depending on the starting geometry of the tissue culture well, toroidal rings of cells or hollow spheroids were prompted to form autonomously when cells were seeded onto the top of gels and the gels released from attachment to the culture well 12 to 24 h after seeding. Cells within toroids assumed distinct patterns of alignment not seen in control gels in which cells had been mixed in. In control gels, cells formed complex three-dimensional arrang

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Monjur, Asima, Saika Ahmed, and Md Abu Bin Hasan Susan. "Swelling and Mechanical Properties of Polyelectrolyte Hydrogels: Effect of Crosslinker." Dhaka University Journal of Science 73, no. 1 (2025): 77–86. https://doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v73i1.81288.

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One of the fundamental approaches in controlling the swelling and mechanical characteristics of hydrogels involves modification of polymer network system through crosslinking. In this study, the crosslinking density in poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) hydrogels has been varied with a goal to investigate how certain swelling parameters and mechanical properties of polyelectrolyte hydrogels get influenced by their network structure; in specific, the stiffness of the bulk network of the hydrogel. PAA hydrogels were successfully prepared via UV polymerization using variable concentration of the crosslinke

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Tofanica, Bogdan-Marian, Aleksandra Mikhailidi, Costel Samuil, Ovidiu C. Ungureanu, Maria E. Fortună, and Elena Ungureanu. "Advances in Cellulose-Based Hydrogels: Current Trends and Challenges." Gels 10, no. 12 (2024): 842. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10120842.

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This paper provides a solid foundation for understanding the synthesis, properties, and applications of cellulose-based gels. It effectively showcases the potential of these gels in diverse applications, particularly in biomedicine, and highlights key synthesis methods and properties. However, to push the field forward, future research should address the gaps in understanding the environmental impact, mechanical stability, and scalability of cellulose-based gels, while also considering how to overcome barriers to their industrial use. This will ultimately allow for the realization of cellulose

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Joubert, Fanny, Peyton Cheong Phey Denn, Yujie Guo, and George Pasparakis. "Comparison of Thermoresponsive Hydrogels Synthesized by Conventional Free Radical and RAFT Polymerization." Materials 12, no. 17 (2019): 2697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12172697.

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We compared the influence of the polymerization mechanism onto the physical characteristics of thermoresponsive hydrogels. The Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogels were successfully synthesized using reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) and free radical polymerization (FRP). The gels were prepared while using different crosslinker feed and monomer concentration. The swelling, dye release, and hydrolytic stability of the gels were investigated in water, or in representative komostrope and chaotrope salt solutions at room temperature and at 37 °C. It was found that

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Mohammed, Ali A., Siwei Li, Tian Sang, Julian R. Jones, and Alessandra Pinna. "Nanocomposite Hydrogels with Polymer Grafted Silica Nanoparticles, Using Glucose Oxidase." Gels 9, no. 6 (2023): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9060486.

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Nanocomposite hydrogels offer remarkable potential for applications in bone tissue engineering. They are synthesized through the chemical or physical crosslinking of polymers and nanomaterials, allowing for the enhancement of their behaviour by modifying the properties and compositions of the nanomaterials involved. However, their mechanical properties require further enhancement to meet the demands of bone tissue engineering. Here, we present an approach to improve the mechanical properties of nanocomposite hydrogels by incorporating polymer grafted silica nanoparticles into a double network

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Xiong, Shu Qiang, Yan Wang, Jing Zhu, Zu Ming Hu, and Jun Rong Yu. "Polydopamine Nanoparticle for Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide)-Based Nanocomposite Hydrogel with Good Free-Radical-Scavenging Property." Materials Science Forum 848 (March 2016): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.848.94.

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Nanocomposite hydrogels (NC gels) consisting of poly (N-Isopropyl acrylamide) (pNIPAM)/polydopamine nanoparticles (PDAPs) were prepared by in-situ-free-radical polymerization of N-isopropyl acrylamide in the presence of modified PDAP in aqueous solution. The composition of the NC gels could be controlled directly by altering the composition of the initial reaction mixture. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the NC gels were studied by DSC, and the LCST of both of pure pNIPAM hydrogel and NC gels was at 34°C. Besides, the NC gels showed superior antioxidant property, and the abil

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Kamińska, Marta, Sławomir Kuberski, Waldemar Maniukiewicz, et al. "Thermosensitive chitosan gels containing calcium glycerophosphate for bone cell culture." Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers 32, no. 2 (2016): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883911516671150.

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In this article, properties of thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels prepared with the use of chitosan chloride with β-glycerophosphate disodium salt pentahydrate enriched with calcium glycerophosphate are presented and compared with chitosan hydrogels with β-glycerophosphate disodium salt pentahydrate. The study is focused on the determination of hydrogel structure and biological testing of hydrogels with human osteoblasts line Saos-2. The structure of gels was visualized by scanning electron microscopy and was investigated by infrared spectroscopy. The crystallinity of gel structure was determi

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Min, Qing, Ronghua Tan, Yuchen Zhang, Congcong Wang, Ying Wan, and Jing Li. "Multi-Crosslinked Strong and Elastic Bioglass/Chitosan-Cysteine Hydrogels with Controlled Quercetin Delivery for Bone Tissue Engineering." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 10 (2022): 2048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14102048.

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Chitosan-cysteine (CH-CY) conjugate with an optimal content of thiol groups was synthesized and combined with amino-functionalized mesoporous bioglass (ABG) nanoparticles (NPs) with radially-porous architecture to build multi-crosslinked ABG/CH-CY composite hydrogels. Besides the network formed by self-crosslinking of thiol groups in CY-derived side chains, difunctionalized PEG (DF-P) crosslinkers with varying lengths of PEG segments were used to crosslink amino groups on CH-CY or ABG NPs to form other networks in the composite gels. Quercetin (Que) was loaded into ABG NPs before these NPs wer

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Boffito, Monica, Rossella Laurano, Dimitra Giasafaki, et al. "Embedding Ordered Mesoporous Carbons into Thermosensitive Hydrogels: A Cutting-Edge Strategy to Vehiculate a Cargo and Control Its Release Profile." Nanomaterials 10, no. 11 (2020): 2165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10112165.

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The high drug loading capacity, cytocompatibility and easy functionalization of ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) make them attractive nanocarriers to treat several pathologies. OMCs’ efficiency could be further increased by embedding them into a hydrogel phase for an in loco prolonged drug release. In this work, OMCs were embedded into injectable thermosensitive hydrogels. In detail, rod-like (diameter ca. 250 nm, length ca. 700 nm) and spherical (diameter approximately 120 nm) OMCs were synthesized by nanocasting selected templates and loaded with ibuprofen through a melt infiltration method

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Kondo, Shinji, Ung-il Chung, and Takamasa Sakai. "Mechanical properties of polymer gels with bimodal distribution in strand length." MRS Proceedings 1622 (2014): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.36.

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ABSTRACTThe understanding of the physical properties of hydrogels has been controversial because hydrogels inherently have a substantial amount of heterogeneities in their structures. In this study, we focused on one of the simplest heterogeneities, heterogeneous distribution of strand length, and investigated its influence on physical properties. We prepared Tetra-PEG gels with bimodal distribution in strand length (Tetra-PEG bimodal gels) by combining Tetra-PEG prepolymers with different molecular weights and measured the physical properties including elastic modulus and ultimate deformation

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Hanaki, Raichi, Koji Harada, Yoshihiro Sasaki, Michiaki Matsumoto, and Yoshiro Tahara. "Stomatitis Healing via Hydrogels Comprising Proline, Carboxyvinyl Polymer, and Water." Gels 11, no. 2 (2025): 108. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11020108.

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Chemotherapy using anticancer agents and radiotherapy of cancers frequently induce the development of stomatitis as a side effect. In the present study, hydrogels for effective stomatitis healing under anticancer drug administration were developed using three components, namely proline, carboxyvinyl polymer, and water (denoted proline gels). Characterization including tilting, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and viscoelasticity measurements indicated that proline gels with proline concentrations over 300 μmol/g could retain water on the tongue of mice. The degradation and release behavior

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Emani, Sravani, Anil Vangala, Federico Buonocore, Niousha Yarandi, and Gianpiero Calabrese. "Chitosan Hydrogels Cross-Linked with Trimesic Acid for the Delivery of 5-Fluorouracil in Cancer Therapy." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 4 (2023): 1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15041084.

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Chitosan exhibits unique properties making it a suitable material for drug delivery. Considering the rising popularity of hydrogels in this field, this work offers a comprehensive study of hydrogels constituted by chitosan and cross-linked with 1,3,5-benzene tricarboxylic acid (BTC; also known as trimesic acid). Hydrogels were prepared by cross-linking chitosan with BTC in different concentrations. The nature of the gels was studied through oscillatory amplitude strain and frequency sweep tests within the linear viscoelastic region (LVE) limit. The flow curves of the gels revealed shear thinni

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Marfoglia, Andrea, Fahd Tibourtine, Ludovic Pilloux, and Sophie Cazalbou. "Tunable Double-Network GelMA/Alginate Hydrogels for Platelet Lysate-Derived Protein Delivery." Bioengineering 10, no. 9 (2023): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10091044.

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Hydrogels (gels) are attractive tools for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their potential for drug delivery and ECM-like composition. In this study, we use rheology to characterize GelMA/alginate gels loaded with human platelet lysate (PL). We then characterize these gels from a physicochemical perspective and evaluate their ability to transport PL proteins, their pore size, and their rate of degradation. Finally, their biocompatibility is evaluated. We describe how alginate changes the mechanical behavior of the gels from elastic to viscoelastic after ionic (calcium-mediat

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