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1

Chen, Miao, Weimin Lin, Le Hong, Ning Ji, and Hang Zhao. "The Development and Lifetime Stability Improvement of Guanosine-Based Supramolecular Hydrogels through Optimized Structure." BioMed Research International 2019 (June 13, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6258248.

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Guanosine is an important building block for supramolecular gels owing to the unique self-assembly property that results from the unique hydrogen bond acceptors and donor groups. Guanosine-derived supramolecular hydrogels have promise in the fields of drug delivery, targeted release, tissue engineering applications,etc.However, the property of poor longevity and the need for excess cations hinder the widespread applications of guanosine hydrogels. Although guanosine-derived supramolecular hydrogels have been reviewed previously by Dash et al., the structural framework of this review is differe
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2

Wang, Zi, Xujun Zheng, Tetsu Ouchi, et al. "Toughening hydrogels through force-triggered chemical reactions that lengthen polymer strands." Science 374, no. 6564 (2021): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abg2689.

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Longer and stronger; stiff but not brittle Hydrogels are highly water-swollen, cross-linked polymers. Although they can be highly deformed, they tend to be weak, and methods to strengthen or toughen them tend to reduce stretchability. Two papers now report strategies to create tough but deformable hydrogels (see the Perspective by Bosnjak and Silberstein). Wang et al . introduced a toughening mechanism by storing releasable extra chain length in the stiff part of a double-network hydrogel. A high applied force triggered the opening of cycling strands that were only activated at high chain exte
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Kim, Junsoo, Guogao Zhang, Meixuanzi Shi, and Zhigang Suo. "Fracture, fatigue, and friction of polymers in which entanglements greatly outnumber cross-links." Science 374, no. 6564 (2021): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abg6320.

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Longer and stronger; stiff but not brittle Hydrogels are highly water-swollen, cross-linked polymers. Although they can be highly deformed, they tend to be weak, and methods to strengthen or toughen them tend to reduce stretchability. Two papers now report strategies to create tough but deformable hydrogels (see the Perspective by Bosnjak and Silberstein). Wang et al . introduced a toughening mechanism by storing releasable extra chain length in the stiff part of a double-network hydrogel. A high applied force triggered the opening of cycling strands that were only activated at high chain exte
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4

Aldakheel, Fahad M., Dalia Mohsen, Marwa M. El Sayed, Mohammed H. Fagir, and Dalia K. El Dein. "RETRACTED: Aldakheel et al. Employing of Curcumin–Silver Nanoparticle-Incorporated Sodium Alginate-Co-Acacia Gum Film Hydrogels for Wound Dressing. Gels 2023, 9, 780." Gels 10, no. 6 (2024): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels10060383.

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Sheng, Chengju, Xuemei Tan, Qing Huang, Kewen Li, Chao Zhou, and Mingming Guo. "Correction: Sheng et al. Antibacterial and Angiogenic Poly(ionic liquid) Hydrogels. Gels 2022, 8, 476." Gels 9, no. 6 (2023): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9060472.

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Surowiecka, Agnieszka, Jerzy Strużyna, Aleksandra Winiarska, and Tomasz Korzeniowski. "Correction: Surowiecka et al. Hydrogels in Burn Wound Management—A Review. Gels 2022, 8, 122." Gels 9, no. 1 (2022): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9010037.

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7

Jaik, Thorben G., Assegid M. Flatae, Navid Soltani, et al. "Correction: Jaik et al. Photomotion of Hydrogels with Covalently Attached Azo Dye Moieties—Thermoresponsive and Non-Thermoresponsive Gels. Gels 2022, 8, 541." Gels 9, no. 5 (2023): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9050411.

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8

Myers, David R., Ashley C. Brown, Yongzhi Qiu, et al. "High-Throughput Nanomechanical Platelet Contraction Measurements Using Patterned Hydrogels." Blood 120, no. 21 (2012): 2172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.2172.2172.

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Abstract Abstract 2172 Background: Previous studies on clot formation have shown that the mechanical properties of clots have direct effects on hemostasis and thrombosis, and alterations of those clot mechanics are associated with disease(Collet, et al. 2006) (Hvas, et al. 2007). As such, understanding the mechanical properties of clots is vital to understand hemostasis and thrombosis. As platelets drive this contraction phenomenon, single platelet measurements are required to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the retraction process and to identify specific therapeutic targets for disease
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9

Horkay, Ferenc, and Jack F. Douglas. "Evidence of Many-Body Interactions in the Virial Coefficients of Polyelectrolyte Gels." Gels 8, no. 2 (2022): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8020096.

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Simulation studies of aqueous polymer solutions, and heuristic arguments by De Gennes for aqueous polyethylene oxide polymer solutions, have suggested that many-body interactions can give rise to the ‘anomalous’ situation in which the second osmotic virial coefficient is positive, while the third virial coefficient is negative. This phenomenon was later confirmed in analytic calculations of the phase behavior and the osmotic pressure of complex fluids exhibiting cooperative self-assembly into extended dynamic polymeric structures by Dudowicz et al. In the present study, we experimentally confi
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Bermudez-Lekerika, Paola, Katherine B. Crump, Karin Wuertz-Kozak, Christine L. Le Maitre, and Benjamin Gantenbein. "Correction: Bermudez-Lekerika et al. Sulfated Hydrogels as Primary Intervertebral Disc Cell Culture Systems. Gels 2024, 10, 330." Gels 10, no. 10 (2024): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels10100612.

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11

Lia, Gnahore Jose Arthur, and Ismaël DALLY. "Hydrogels mixtes thermosensibles à base de Poloxamer 407/Chitosane comme outils potentiels pour la libération contrôlée de substances actives médicamenteuses : Influence de la concentration en chitosane sur le comportement rhéologique des formulations." Journal Africain de Technologie Pharmaceutique et Biopharmacie (JATPB) 1, no. 2 (2023): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.57220/jatpb.v1i2.26.

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Contexte : Le chitosane, est un biopolymère qui présente beaucoup d’avantages en formulation à savoir sa biocompatibilité, sa biodégradabilité, sa non toxicité et surtout sa mucoadhésion
 Objectif : Etudier l’influence de la concentration en chitosane sur les caractéristiques rhéologiques du gel mixte obtenu.
 Méthodes : Diverses formulations de solutions de chitosane à 1%, 2%, 3% et 4% (g/g) et de mélanges Poloxamer 407/chitosane ont été préparés en solution aqueuse d’acide acétique 0,1M.
 Résultats : Lorsque la masse molaire en chitosane augmente, on n’observe pas de températu
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12

Ramírez-Chavarría, Roberto G., Argelia Pérez-Pacheco, Emiliano Terán, and Rosa M. Quispe-Siccha. "Correction: Ramírez-Chavarría et al. Study of Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogels Applying Physical-Mechanical Methods and Dynamic Models of Photoacoustic Signals. Gels 2023, 9, 727." Gels 11, no. 5 (2025): 360. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11050360.

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13

Kuznetsov, Vyacheslav A., Petr O. Kushchev, Irina V. Ostankova, et al. "Modern Approaches to the Medical Use of pH- and Temperature-Sensitive Copolymer Hydrogels (Review)." Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases 22, no. 4 (2020): 417–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2020.22/3113.

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This article provides the review of the medical use of pH- and temperature-sensitive polymer hydrogels. Such polymers are characterised by their thermal and pH sensitivity in aqueous solutions at the functioning temperature of living organisms and can react to the slightest changes in environmental conditions. Due to these properties, they are called stimuli-sensitive polymers. This response to an external stimulus occurs due to the amphiphilicity (diphilicity) of these (co)polymers. The term hydrogels includes several concepts of macrogels and microgels. Microgels, unlike macrogels, are polym
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Haselager, Marco, Eduard Perelaer, Arnon P. Kater, and Eric Eldering. "Development of a Novel Lymph Node-Based 3D Culture System Promoting Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Proliferation and Survival." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (2020): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-141962.

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INTRODUCTION. Primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells, despite originating from a proliferative disease, rapidly undergo apoptosis in vitro in absence of microenvironmental survival signals1. Although co-culture with stromal cells or the addition of soluble factors can increase and extend CLL survival, no system permits the long-term expansion of CLL cells in vitro2. The difficulties of mimicking a physiologic microenvironment supporting CLL cells hinder in vitro studies of proliferation, drug screens and prevent propagation of rare subclones. For other cancers, various types of 3D cu
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Matsumoto, Kenta, Yuki Fujita, Takumi Sugiura, et al. "Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Fluorine-Containing Hydrophobic Ionic Liquid Gels with Low-Molecular Gelators." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 67 (2024): 4689. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02674689mtgabs.

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INTRODUCTION Ionic liquid is a general term for salts with melting points below 100 °C. In particular, the substances that become liquid at room temperature and pressure are being considered for applications in electrochemical devices and CO2 sorption materials. [1] In previous studies, protic ionic liquids (PILs), which obtained by neutralization of Brønsted acid and Brønsted base, are expected to be used application for next-generated electrolytes for fuel cells, [2] however, they can dissolve in water (i.e., they have hydrophilicity). In contrast, we have reported that PILs for CO2 sorption
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Ren, Yikun, Dan Zhang, Yuanmeng He, et al. "Correction: Ren et al. Injectable and Antioxidative HT/QGA Hydrogel for Potential Application in Wound Healing. Gels 2021, 7, 204." Gels 9, no. 9 (2023): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9090681.

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17

Hosseini, Hannaneh, Alexander Gunnarson, Timo Imhof, Nguyen Khang Tran, Marc Ledendecker, and Ferdi Schüth. "Optimal Cathode Catalyst Design for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 40 (2025): 2120. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-01402120mtgabs.

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Hydrogen-powered proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have emerged as a highly promising energy conversion technology, offering a sustainable solution to the global energy crisis. Their potential for application in heavy-duty transportation is becoming increasingly obvious due to the high gravimetric energy density of hydrogen. Moreover, the rapid refueling capability, zero emissions, high energy efficiency, and relatively straightforward refueling infrastructure make PEMFCs a compelling solution for the high-energy applications when compared to lithium-ion battery technologies.1 There
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Chiangnoon, Rattanakorn, Pennapa Karawak, Jarurattana Eamsiri, et al. "Correction: Chiangnoon et al. Antibacterial Hydrogel Sheet Dressings Composed of Poly(vinyl alcohol) and Silver Nanoparticles by Electron Beam Irradiation. Gels 2023, 9, 80." Gels 9, no. 10 (2023): 778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9100778.

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19

Verdugo, P., I. Deyrup-Olsen, M. Aitken, M. Villalon, and D. Johnson. "Molecular Mechanism of Mucin Secretion: I. The Role of Intragranular Charge Shielding." Journal of Dental Research 66, no. 2 (1987): 506–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345870660022001.

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Mucus is an ubiquitous polymer hydrogel that functions as a protective coat on the surface of integument and mucosa of species ranging from simple animals (such as coelenterates) to mammals. The polymer matrix of mucus is made out of long-chain glycoproteins called mucins that are tangled together, forming a randomly woven, highly polyionic network (Lee et al., 1977; Verdugo et al., 1983). Mucin-containing granules, produced by mammalian goblet cells in vitro, undergo massive post-exocytotic swelling. Their swelling kinetics is similar to the swelling of condensed artificial polymer gels (Verd
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20

Yi, Xin, Jia yong Liu, Jie Dai, et al. "Characterization of mechano-microenvironment of acral melanoma and its potential impact on tumor cell invasion." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (2019): e21062-e21062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e21062.

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e21062 Background: Acral melanoma is the main subtype in Asia, and tends to be insensitive to conventional and novel therapies compared with cutaneous melanomas. It has been proved that biomechanical alterations inside the tumor microenvironment significantly affect tumor progression in breast, pancreatic and other cancers(Hepatology. 2016 July ; 64(1): 261–275; Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, Volume LXXXI) . Hence, we hypothesized that the biomechanical microenvironment plays critical roles in proliferation and invasion in acral melanoma. In this study, the main purpose i
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21

De, Biswajit Samir, Nima Shaigan, Marius Dinu, Francesco P. Orfino, Khalid Fatih, and Erik Kjeang. "Development of a Miniaturized Cell for in-Situ X-Ray Computed Tomographic Visualization of Membrane Degradation in PEM Water Electrolyzers." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 38 (2025): 1878. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-01381878mtgabs.

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Membrane failure is a serious safety concern that influences the operational lifetime and hydrogen production cost of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzer. The membrane degradation is nuanced, and the causes are multifaceted. A two-phase flow of oxygen and water is induced at the anode under a high operating current density (2-3 A cm-2). The oxygen gas crossover from the anode to the cathode occurs by convection or diffusion 1,2. The oxygen reacts at Pt active sites at the cathode and forms H2O2, which, in the presence of metal ion contaminants, forms harmful radicals that att
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Farheen, Jabeen, and Simeen Mansoor. "Anti-stress phytohormones impact on proteome profile of green gram (Vigna radiata) under salt toxicity." World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 5, no. 2 (2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33865/wjb.005.02.0213.

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Green gram (Vigna radiata) is considered the chief legume in Pakistan. Thus, current study was conducted to examine the ameliorating effect of phytohormones pre-treatments under salt stress on proteome profile of green gram by sodium-dodecyl-sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The soluble green gram seedlings proteins were resolved on 4% stacking and 12% resolving gels. The SDS-PAGE resolved 24 polypeptide bands ranging from 200 to 17kDa. Among these, 12 out of 24 bands of proteins were essentials house-keeping or growth proteins of green grams. While, 120, 114.6, 51.8, 29.
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Lesho, Matthew J., and Norman F. Sheppard. "A Photopaiterned Glucose Responsive Hydrogel for Use in a Conductimetric Sensor." MRS Proceedings 331 (1993). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-331-193.

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AbstractThe glucose responsive hydrogels developed by Horbett et al. [1, 2] are potentially useful as materials for constructing glucose sensors. The construction of microsensors presents challenges in developing processes for preparing these gels that are compatible with semiconductor fabrication technology.We have lithographically patterned a pH-sensitive copolymer (poly-(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate) 90:10 (mole ratio) (HEMA/DMA) from a prepolymer solution of monomers, crosslinker, solvent, and a viscosity agent (p(HEMA)). Varying the spin speed and p(HEMA
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Ma, Qingjie, Jun Li, Rui Liu, et al. "Nanocomposite‐enhanced polymeric weak gel for conformance control in high‐salinity and high‐temperature reservoir condition." Polymer Engineering & Science, May 19, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.27252.

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AbstractPolymeric hydrogels, known as blocking gel or disproportionate‐permeability‐reducer, have been highly successful in improving sweep efficiency and reducing excessive water cut by adjusting reservoir heterogeneity (Al‐Muntasheri and Zitha. Gel under dynamic stress in porous media: new insights using computed tomography. SPE Saudi Arabia Section Technical Symposium; 2009. Al‐Sharji, Grattoni, Dawe, et al. Pore‐scale study of the flow of oil and water through polymer gels. SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition; 1999. Bai. Preformed particle gel for conformance control: factors af
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Grigoriadis, Ioannis. "CartiGenea®-AC: A Mesenchymal stem cells enriched Autologous Chondrocytes for the Treatment of patients with cartilaginous defects on a New Drug-Cell Combinatory Effect Prediction Algorithm on the Cell Based on Chondro defects Gene Expression and Dose-Response Curve." December 2, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.34550.

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<strong>CartiGenea®-AC:</strong> Chondrocytes, the predominant cell type within AC, synthesize matrix components. Because AC lacks a major vascular supply, lymphatic drainage, and nervous system innervation, chondrocytes function under avascular, anaerobic conditions, obtaining nutrients by diffusion from synovial fluid. Within AC, metabolic and morphologic profiles of deep-zone chondrocytes are distinct from those populating the superficial tangential zone. The factors responsible for this variation are unknown. Maintaining the chondrocyte phenotype with robust hyaline tissue synthesis<em> in
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"Cover Picture." Chinese Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 22 (2024): 2685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjoc.202490221.

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The syntheses of poly[2]catenane gels reported to date all rely on the polymer as the backbone. We reported poly[2]catenane gels prepared by entirely sequential self‐assembly of small molecules via noncovalent and dynamic covalent bonds. Due to the presence of hydrogen bonds in the poly[2]catenane gels, the gels also possessed stimulus responsiveness and self‐healing properties. More details are discussed in the article by Ji et al. on pages 2699—2704. image
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27

Moosavizadeh, Seyedmohammad, Ellen Donohoe, Jiemin Wang, et al. "Encapsulation of msc‐derived extracellular vesicles in biomaterials for effective drug delivery to the ocular surface." Acta Ophthalmologica 103, S284 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.16841.

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Corresponding Authors: Liam Grover and Thomas Ritter l.m.grover@bham.ac.uk and thomas.ritter@universityofgalway.ieIntroduction: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles secreted from many cell types, containing lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Mesenchymal stromal cell‐derived EVs (MSC‐EVs) demonstrate similar therapeutic effects as their origin cells such as immunomodulation and tissue regeneration, while addressing safety concerns and other challenges associated to cell‐therapy (Rani et al. 2015, Wang et al. 2023). Delivering MSC‐EVs to the site of injury in a controlled and sustained m
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28

Jia, Hu, Chengcheng Niu, Wenlong Liang, Wei He, and Jinsheng Sun. "High-Density Solid-Free Flexible Microgel Fluid Loss Pill in High-Temperature and High-Pressure Reservoirs: Curing Mechanism and Working Performance." SPE Journal, December 1, 2022, 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212865-pa.

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Summary The exploration of a multipressure well is often faced with the problem of blowout and loss of circulation coexisting. Using a high-density temporary plugging agent to plug the lower layer is an effective method to ensure the normal circulation of the upper kill fluid and realize the safe and efficient development of the reservoir. In a previous study, we reported a solid-free flexible colloidal completion fluid (SFCCF; Jia et al. 2022b). In this paper, an ultrahigh-temperature (180°C)-resistant, curable solid-free flexible microgel pill (SFMP) with variable density was prepared based
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Rashid Iqbal, Mohammad. "Gastric Floating Drug Delivery Systems: A Promising Carriers for The Delivery of Controlled Release Drugs." International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research, December 31, 2022, P127—P136. http://dx.doi.org/10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.1.sp1.p127-p136.

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Abstract: Low density systems or adaptively coordinated systems that has enough buoyancy to float on over contents of the stomach for a significant length of time without noticeably decelerating the rate of gastric emptying are known as floating systems. To accomplish stomach retention, the principle process of flotation was specifically examined in this drug delivery system. It is advantageous to construct medications in an oral sustained release gastro-retentive dose form for those that are absorbed in the upper portions of the GIT. The development of dynamically controlled systems depends o
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sprotocols. "The use of Optical Magnetic Twisting Cytometry and Flourescence Resonance Energy Transfer to quantify force-induced protein dissociation in the nucleus of a living cell." January 10, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13873.

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Authors: Yeh-Chuin Poh &amp; Ning Wang ### Abstract Mechanical forces are known to play a significant role in biological processes. These forces can be transmitted to the cell through the cytoskeletal filament network, inducing different biochemical responses within the cytoplasm. Although there have been ample reports showing that cytoplasmic enzymes can be directly activated by a local stress on the cell surface via integrins, there has been no evidence that mechanical forces can directly alter nuclear functions without intermediate biochemical cascades. Recently, we showed evidence that for
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