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Journal articles on the topic 'Gen (langue)'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Picard, Marc. "On the Effects of Frequency-Induced Phonological Change." Diachronica 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.14.1.05pic.

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SUMMARY It has long been recognized that there are two basic types of sound change: phonetic change, which is intrinsically regular, and analogical change, which is basically irregular. In addition, it has been argued by Witold Manczak that in any language, about one third of the words manifest an irregular sound change due to frequency. Such changes have in common the fact that in language after language they apply to the same lexical categories, amputating segments from forms whose length and frequency are in discordance. Although Manczak has studied this phenomenon extensively from a diachronic perspective, no one has yet looked specifically at the synchronic consequences of this type of change. What such a study reveals, inter alia, is how it is possible for an irregular sound change due to frequency to yield a regular synchronic morphophonemic rule, and also how such a morphophonemic process can emerge without first going through a strictly phonological stage. RÉSUMÉ On reconnaît depuis longtemps qu'il y a deux types de changements phonologiques: le changement phonétique, qui est intrinsèquement régulier, et le changement analogique, qui est fondamentalement irrégulier. Or voilà plusieurs années que Witold Mariczak tente de démontrer que dans toute langue, environ le tiers des mots manifeste un changement irrégulier dû à la fréquence. De tels changements ont en commun le fait que dans langue après langue, ils s'appliquent aux mêmes catégories lexicales en amputant des segments aux formes dont la longueur et la fréquence sont en déséquilibre. Bien que Mariczak ait étudié ce phénomène à fond dans une optique historique, personne n'a encore examiné de façon spécifique les conséquences synchroniques de ce type de changement. Une telle étude démontre, entre autre, qu'il est possible pour un changement phonologique irrégulier dû à la fréquence d'aboutir à une règle morphophonémique synchronique régulière, et aussi comment un tel processus morphophonémique peut surgir sans avoir passé au préalable par une étape strictement phonologique. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Das Vorhandensein von zwei Grundtypen der Lautveränderung ist seit langem anerkannt: phonetischer Wandel, der gewöhnlich regulär ist, und aria-logischer Wandel, der als irregular gilt. Hierzu kame noch die Tatsache, laut Witold Manczak, daB in jeder Sprache etwa ein Drittel der Wörter häufig-keitsbedingten unregelmaßigen Lautwandel unterliege. Solche Veränderun-gen haben die Eigenschaft gemein, daB in einer Sprache nach der anderen stets die gleichen lexikalischen Kategorien betroffen sind, in dem sie Segmente abtrennen, deren Lange und Gebrauchshäufigkeit im Widerspruch stehen. Abschon Manczak dieses Phanomen intensiv aus der diachronischen Perspektive studiert hat, hat bis heute niemand sein Augenmerk auf die synchronen Konsequenzen dieses Veranderungstyps gerichtet. Was namlich eine solche Untersuchung zutage fördert, ist u.a. wie es möglich ist für einen irregulären Lautwandel, der durch Verwendungshäufigkeit hervorgerufen wurde, eine reguläre synchronische morphophonemische Regel hervorzu-bringen, und auch wie solch ein morphophonemischer Prozeß entstehen kann, ohne zunachst ein strikt phonologisches Stadium durchlaufen zu haben.
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2

Mufwene, Salikoko S. "The Founder Principle in Creole Genesis." Diachronica 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 83–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.13.1.05muf.

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SUMMARY In this paper, the author discusses one of the aspects of creole genesis from a population genetics perspective, analogizing 'language' with 'population' (rather than 'organism', the tradition in linguistics) and 'linguistic feature' with 'gene'. With language contact analogized to population contact, individual speakers are given a greater role than traditionally accorded them in the literature and variation within language is made more natural. Like genes, linguistic features are shown as competing with each other for selection into creoles' systems, in the different, though similar, ecologies of individual language contacts. It is argued here that the founder populations, including speakers of both lexifiers and substrate languages, played greater roles than hitherto considered in determining which specific features received selective advantage over their competitors during the formation of creoles. The Founder Principle explains why some European languages in their nonstandard forms became the principal lexifiers when others could have and why some specific features prevailed in the new systems. The competition-of-features perspective allows deterministic influences of both the lexifiers and substrate languages, thanks to convergence and other markedness principles, with the bioprogram qua Universal Grammar serving as the body of principles regulating the development of the new vernaculars. RÉSUMÉ Dans cet article l'auteur discute un des aspects de la genèse des creoles du point de vue de la génétique des populations. Il y compare la notion de 'langue' à celle de 'population' (plutôt qu'à celle d"organisme', la tradition en linguistique) et celle de 'trait linguistique' à celle de 'gène'. Cette comparaison du contact de langues à celui de populations accorde aux locuteurs un rôle plus grand qu'il n'est de coutume dans la littérature; la variation dans la langue se montre ainsi plus naturelle. Comme les gènes, les traits linguistiques se présentent en compétition mutuelle pour être sélectionnés dans les systèmes des creoles, dans des écologies différentes, bien que semblables, des contacts langagiers individuels. Selon mon hypothèse, la population fondatrice, y compris les locuteurs autant des langues lexificatrices que des langues substrates, ont joué des rôles plus importants qu'on leur reconnaît à présent en déterminant quels traits spécifiques ont eu un avantage sélectif par rapport à leurs alternatives pendant la formation des creoles. Le Principe Fondateur explique pourquoi quelques langues européennes dans leurs formes non standard sont devenues les principales lexificatrices, plutôt que d'autres langues qui auraient pu faire autant, et pourqoi quelques traits spécifiques se sont imposés dans les nouveaux systèmes. La perspective de la compétition des traits rend possible des influences déterministes à la fois des langues lexificatrices que des langues substrates, étant donné la convergence de certains de leurs traits et grace à d'autres principes sur lesquels est basé l'opposition marqué/non marqué. La Grammaire Universelle fonctionne dans mon hypothèse comme un corps de principes régissant le développement des nouveaux vernaculaires. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Im vorliegende Beitrag diskutiert der Autor einen Aspekt der Genese von Kreolsprachen aus der Sicht einer Bevölkerungsgenetik, dabei eine Analogie zwischen 'Sprache' und 'Population' (anstelle von 'Organismus', wie es in der Linguistik Tradition ist) und zwischen 'sprachlicher Erscheinung' und 'Gen' herstellend. Wenn Sprachkontakt mit Populationskontakt in Analogie gesetzt wird, erhalten die Einzelprecher eine größere Rolle als ihnen gewöhnlich in der Forschung zuerkannt werden, und Variation innerhalb einer Sprache wird auf diese Weise ein weit natürlicherer Vorgang. Genen vergleichbar, konkurrieren linguïstische Eigenschaften untereinander um die Auswahl für das System einer Kreolsprache innerhalb der verschiedenen, wenngleich ähnlichen, 'Ökologien' individueller Sprachkontakte. Es wird hier die Behauptung aufgestellt, daß die 'Gründungspopulationen', inklusive der Sprecher von sowohl lexifizierenden als auch Substratsprachen, größere Rollen spielen als man bisher bei der Bestim-mung berücksichtigt hat, welche besondere Eigenschaften selektive Vorteile gegenüber anderen bei der Herausbildung von Kreolsprachen erhalten haben. Das 'Gründerprinzip' erklärt, weshalb einige europäische Sprachen in ihren nicht-standardisierten Formen die hauptsachlichen Lieferanten von Wortstruk-turen geworden sind, wenn andere es hatten werden können, und weshalb gewisse Eigenschaften in diesen neuem System die Oberhand gewannen. Der Gesichts-punkt eines Wettkampfs zwischen Eigenschaften ermöglicht bestimmbare Ein-flüsse auf sowohl von lexifizierenden als auch Substratsprachen, und zwar dank einer Konvergenz und anderer Merkmalprinzipien, wobei ein 'Bioprogramm' oder eine Universaliengrammatik als die Grundlage dazu dient, die Entwicklung neuer Volkssprachen zu regulieren.
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3

Van den Avenne, Cécile. "L’exploration coloniale en ses langues." Genèses 106, no. 1 (2017): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/gen.106.0131.

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4

Terra, Raymond. "Le Romanche, quatrième langue des Suisses." Annales de Géographie 102, no. 574 (1993): 596–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/geo.1993.21180.

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5

Posner, Rebecca. "Creolization as Typological Change." Diachronica 2, no. 2 (January 1, 1985): 167–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.2.2.03pos.

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SUMMARY Is 'creolization' a process that differs fundamentally from other kinds of linguistic change? Recent debate centers round Bickerto/i's 'Language Bioprogram Hypothesis' (LBH), according to which a pure 'creole' is a newly-created language utilising the lexical items of an unstructured contact-language (a jargon) and the grammatical theory innate in all human beings. Linguistic 'change', on the other hand, is a more gradual process in which tradition plays a part, without sudden breakdown of inherited structures, regarded as characteristic of creolization, which occurs only in certain social conditions. Romance Creoles are here contrasted with patois, in a attempt to discern crucial differences. French completive and relative structures are examined in some detail. The conclusion is that, while some features of Romance Creoles can be seen as continuing the tendencies of non-creole Romance, others involve more radical typological change, resulting, conceivably, from a drastic switch in the way new speakers understand the structure of the language to which they are exposed. A parallel is drawn with earlier periods in Romance history. RÉSUMÉ La 'creolisation' diffère-t-elle de faÇon fondamentale du change-ment linguistique 'normal'? Cet article examine surtout l'hypothèse de Bickerton (Language Bioprogram Hypothesis) qui propose qu'un creole 'pur' se cree d'un coup a partir des elements lexicaux d'un 'jargon de contact', agences par un bioprogramme linguistique inne et universel. En revanche, la tradition jouerait un role dans le changement propre-ment dit, qui s'avere plus graduel, et ne bouleversent pas de la même fa-Çon les structures heritees. Les conditions sociales qui provoquent la creolisation seraient à specifier. On fait le contraste des Creoles et des patois, pour degager des differences fondamentales: on examine surtout la syntaxe des completives et relatives en franÇais. La conclusion: bien que quelques aspects des Creoles ne fassent que prolon-ger les tendances des autres parlers romans, il y en a d'autres qui decoulent plutot d:une alteration typologique plus radicale, ce qui in— diquerait un decalage des attitudes linguistiques au moment de l'acqui-sition de la langue heritee. On fait la comparaison avec d'autres evé-nements au cours de l'histoire des langues romanes. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Gibt es einen grundsätzlichen Unterschied zwischen 'Kreolisierung' und anderen Arten von Sprachveranderung? Der vorliegende Aufsatz un-tersucht vor allem die sog. 'Sprachbioprogrammhypothese' (Language Bio-program Hypothesis) Bickertons, derzufolge ein reines Kreol eine neuer-zeugte Sprache darstellt, die lexikalische Elemente einer unstrukturier-ten Kontaktsprache (Jargon) zusammen mit einer universellen, eingebore-nen Grammatik verbindet. Dahingegen spielt die tüberlieferung bei regu-lärem, graduellen Sprachwandel eine gewisse Rolle, ohne abruptes Zusam-menbrechen überkommener Strukturen, wie sie in Fallen der Kreolisierung als charakteristisch gelten, die nur unter gewissen sozialen Bedingun-gen stattfindet, Es wird hier zwischen romanischen Kreolsprachen und Volksmundarten (patois) unterschieden, urn grundsatzliche Unterschiede herauszustellen. Hier werden insbesondere Erganzungs- und Relativ-sätze im Franzosischen untersucht. Das Ergebnis ist, daß, obschon ei-nige Aspekte der romanischen Kreolsprachen als Weiterentwicklung von Tendenzen der nicht-kreolisierten romanischen Sprachen angesehen werden konnen, enthalten andere radikalere typologische Veranderungen, die offenbar von einem drastischen Wandel herriihren in der Art, wie die neuen Sprecher die Struktur der Sprache verstehen, der sie ausgesetzt sind. Eine Parallele wird gezogen zu früheren Epochen in den romanischen Sprachen.
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6

Racine, Jean-Bernard. "Langues et identités territoriales en Suisse." Annales de Géographie 103, no. 576 (1994): 152–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/geo.1994.13743.

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7

KULIKOVSKIY, MAXIM, HORST LANGE-BERTALOT, and ANDRZEJ WITKOWSKI. "Gliwiczia gen. nov. a new monoraphid diatom genus from Lake Baikal with a description of four species new for science." Phytotaxa 109, no. 1 (June 10, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.109.1.1.

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This paper proposes a new monoraphid genus Gliwiczia Kulikovskiy, Lange-Bertalot & Witkowski, separated from Achnanthes sensu lato. Here we describe four species G. skvortzowii Kulikovskiy, Lange-Bertalot & Witkowski, G. tenuis Kulikovskiy, Lange-Bertalot & Witkowski, G. latarea Kulikovskiy, Lange-Bertalot & Witkowski and G. vixcalcar Kulikovskiy, Lange-Bertalot & Witkowski which all are new to science. In terms of morphology, this group of species closely resembles Achnanthes calcar Cleve. Also proposed is the taxonomic transfer of A. calcar Cleve to Gliwiczia calcar (Cleve) Kulikovskiy, Lange-Bertalot & Witkowski comb. nov. Our taxonomic conclusions about the position of this group of species is based on light microscopic (LM) examination of the type material of A. calcar and on extensive LM and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies on material originating from Lake Baikal. This new genus differs from other established monoraphid genera in the of cavum (horse shoe) present on both raphe and sternums valves, uniseriate striae on both valves, and areola occlusions in a form of open circular foramina externally. The raphe valve is only slightly concave, whereas the sternum valves appear flat. Only one of the species belonging in Gliwiczia gen. nov., G. calcar, is known to inhabit oligotrophic and dystrophic freshwater lakes of Eurasia. It seems highly likely that the newly described species are limited in their distribution to the waters of Lake Baikal. None of them have thus far been illustrated in any accessible literature even under provisional names.
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8

Bidder, Julia. "Alternsforschung – Die Biologie des Alterns." ergopraxis 11, no. 03 (March 2018): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-123523.

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Die Alternsforschung steckt noch in den Kinderschuhen, hat aber nach gerade einmal zwei Jahrzehnten schon bahnbrechende Erfolge zu verzeichnen. So stie-ßen Forscher vor einiger Zeit auf das erste Altersgen, das manche Fadenwürmer, Fruchtfliegen und Mäuse doppelt so lange leben lässt wie andere. Auch wir Menschen besitzen das Gen, das sich Foxo3a nennt.
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Bidder, Julia. "Alternsforschung – Die Biologie des Alterns." physiopraxis 15, no. 10 (October 2017): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-111648.

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Die Alternsforschung steckt noch in den Kinderschuhen, hat aber nach gerade einmal zwei Jahrzehnten schon bahnbrechende Erfolge zu verzeichnen. So stießen Forscher vor einiger Zeit auf das erste Altersgen, das manche Fadenwürmer, Fruchtfliegen und Mäuse doppelt so lange leben lässt wie andere. Auch wir Menschen besitzen das Gen, das sich Foxo3a nennt.
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10

Hoare, Robert, John Dugdale, and Corinne Watts. "The world's thinnest caterpillar? A new genus and species of Batrachedridae (Lepidoptera) from Sporadanthus ferrugineus (Restionacea), a threatened New Zealand plant." Invertebrate Systematics 20, no. 5 (2006): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is06009.

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Houdinia flexilissima, gen. nov., sp. nov. is described from peatlands in the North Island of New Zealand. The extremely narrow larvae mine and pupate in the living stems of Sporadanthus ferrugineus de Lange, Heenan & Clarkson, (Restionaceae), a large endemic rush. Eggs, larvae, pupae and adults are fully described and illustrated. The systematic placement of this autapomorphic taxon is discussed in detail, and it is assigned within Gelechioidea to Batrachedridae on the basis of characters shared with a taxon currently placed in Batrachedra. Because of its morphological distinctiveness, as well as threats to the habitat of its very local host plant, H. flexilissima, gen. nov., sp. nov. is considered a species of high conservation status.
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11

Martin, Claude. "Place des langues autres que l'anglais dans les colloques internationaux." Physio-Géo, Volume 6 (February 26, 2012): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/physio-geo.2613.

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12

Wagner, Arnika K., Heribert Schunkert, and Jeanette Erdmann. "Genetik des Herzinfarktes. Der lange Weg von der positiven Familienanamnese zum Gen." Chemie in unserer Zeit 43, no. 5 (October 2009): 288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.200900503.

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13

Collins, John. "Genericitysans Gen." Mind & Language 33, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 34–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mila.12168.

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14

Szyndler, Anna. "Długo ignorowany, wreszcie poznany. Droga Rafika Schamiego na polski rynek wydawniczy." Transfer. Reception Studies 2 (2017): 235–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/trs.2017.02.12.

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Sy, Boubou Aldiouma, Ignacio Alonso Bilbao, Amadou Abou Sy, Isora Sanchez Perez, and Silvia Rodriguez Valido. "Résultats du suivi 2010-2012 de l'évolution de la brèche ouverte sur la Langue de Barbarie au Sénégal et de ses conséquences." Physio-Géo, Volume 7 (January 25, 2013): 223–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/physio-geo.3569.

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16

Breton, R. "Géographie de la population ou des populations ? Géographie du politique, ethnogéographie et géolinguistique face au tourbillon institutionnel des langues et des ethnies." Annales de Géographie 103, no. 577 (1994): 316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/geo.1994.13787.

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 . "Ook op lange termijn geen ulcusrecidieven na eradicatie van Helicobacter Pylori." Medisch-Farmaceutische Mededelingen 37, no. 7 (July 1999): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03057348.

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18

Joyce, Rosemary A. "Precolumbian jade: New geological and cultural interpretations. Frederick W. Lange (Editor), 1993, University of Utah Press, xix + 378 pp., $45.00 (clothbound)." Geoarchaeology 9, no. 3 (June 1994): 259–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gea.3340090306.

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19

Alvar, Manuel. "Camellos, no caballeros (Gen. Est. VI, Cap. XIII-XIV)." Revista de Filología Española 65, no. 1/2 (June 30, 1985): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/rfe.1985.v65.i1/2.484.

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20

Genee, Inge. "“It’s written niisto but it sounds like knee stew.”." Written Language and Literacy 23, no. 1 (October 19, 2020): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.00031.gen.

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Abstract This paper argues for pragmatism rather than linguistic purity in orthography design for endangered Indigenous languages such as Blackfoot, emphasizing the need to see orthography standardization as a dynamic process rather than a static result. It explores the ongoing lack of community agreement about the best way to write the Blackfoot language and lack of widespread proficiency in the use of its standard orthography, and then describes ways in which this is mitigated in the Blackfoot Language Resources and Digital Dictionary project, a suite of web resources created to support language maintenance and revitalization work. The website uses a combination of relaxed searches, alternative spelling fields, and multimedia content to increase accessibility of the resources for users lacking proficiency in the standard orthography.
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21

Gentens, Caroline, María Sol Sansiñena, Stef Spronck, and An Van linden. "Irregular perspective shifts and perspective persistence, discourse-oriented and theoretical approaches." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 29, no. 2 (April 24, 2019): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.18050.gen.

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Abstract In this introduction, we set out the central themes of the special issue. It concentrates on imperfect function-form mappings, and discusses several cases in which specific perspectival meanings are not fully predictable on the basis of a perspectivizing grammatical construction alone. We distinguish two kinds of form-function mismatches: (1) perspective-persistent phenomena, i.e. grammatically signaled deictic and/or cognitive perspective shifts which are not realized in interpretation, and (2) irregular perspective shifts, which involve either grammatically un(der)specified shifts or grammatically signaled shifts that are interpreted as mixing multiple sources of deictic and/or cognitive perspective (‘multiple-perspective constructions’). We briefly discuss and contextualize each of the contributions, and highlight their central findings.
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Geng, Jiyong, and Qiang Pi. "Xifang Zhao. 翻译与现代中国 [Translation and Modern China]." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 32, no. 3 (January 14, 2020): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.19126.gen.

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Genesee, Fred, and Kathryn Lindholm-Leary. "The suitability of dual language education for diverse students." Issues and Perspectives on Student Diversity and Content-Based Language Education 9, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 164–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jicb.21001.gen.

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Abstract Extensive research has evaluated the effectiveness of dual language (DL) programs in Canada and the U.S. The majority of that research has focused on typically-developing students who represent the majority ethnolinguistic group in the broader community. This article reviews research on the suitability of DL forms of education for students with diverse backgrounds and, in particular, students with personal, familial, or ethnolinguistic characteristics that are often associated with underachievement in school. The review begins by examining research evidence that speaks to young leaners’ capacity for learning more than one language during early stages of development. It then presents evidence from research that has examined the effectiveness of DL forms of education for diverse learners. Extant evidence indicates that young learners have the capacity to learn more than one language without jeopardizing their development and that DL education is suitable and effective for students with diverse characteristics.
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Stoltman, James B. "The ceramic legacy of Anna O. Shepard. Ronald L. Bishop and Frederick W. Lange (Editors), 1991, University Press of Colorado, xi + 473 pp., $39.95 (clothbound)." Geoarchaeology 8, no. 2 (April 1993): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gea.3340080210.

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Chaguinian, Christophe. "Essai d'établissement de la langue d'origine de la composition Or leves sus, franca cortoiza gan (PC 342,1)." Romania 122, no. 487 (2004): 397–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/roma.2004.1331.

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David, Olivier, Nicolas Cahagne, Emmanuelle Hellier, Régis Keerle, and Raymonde Séchet. "La proximité revendiquée et désirée : les apports d’une enquête lancée par des élus locaux." Géographie, économie, société 14, no. 1 (March 30, 2012): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/ges.14.5-29.

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27

Aucamp, H. "‘Waar kom jy aan al jou stories?’." Literator 21, no. 2 (April 26, 2000): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v21i2.461.

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Daar is ’n vraag waaraan geen verteller op die duur ontsnap nie, en dis die volgende: “Waar kom jy aan al jou stories?” Soms word dié vraag half verwonderd gestel, soms ligtelik jaloers, soms beskuldigend, byna asof die vraagsteller te kenne wil gee dat die skrywer met bose agente aan ’t onderhandel was.
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Jasanoff, Jay H. "Some difficult Tocharian genitives." Indogermanische Forschungen 124, no. 1 (September 18, 2019): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2019-0002.

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Abstract This paper discusses the Tocharian gen. sg. in B -ntse, A -s, and the gen. pl. in B -ṃts(ə), A -śśi. The PToch. gen. sg. ending *‑nsæ is explained by assuming an extension of the o-stem ending *‑o-s(y)o to n‑stems, giving first *‑Cn‑əsæ (with connecting *‑ə‑) and then, with regular metathesis, *‑C‑ə‑nsæ, from which productive *‑nsæ was extracted. The more difficult gen. pl. endings B ‑ṃts(ə) and A -śśi, which are not usually thought of as being cognate, are traced to sequences of the animate acc. pl. in *‑ns followed by a particle with Sievers variants *‑Tye (Toch. B) and *‑Tiye (Toch. A). The particle *‑T(i)ye is perhaps to be identified with the ‑se of Gk. póse ‘whither’, and thus further with the locational suffix *‑tye/o‑ of Ved. nítya- ‘own’, Hitt. appezziya- ‘hindmost’, etc.
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van der Louw, Theo A. W. "The Unity of LXX Genesis and Exodus." Vetus Testamentum 70, no. 2 (September 9, 2019): 270–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685330-12341393.

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Abstract Attempts to advocate multiple authorship for the Greek Pentateuch depend principally on statistics and are tenuous methodologically. Research methods from Translation Studies, applied to Genesis and Exodus, bring out their continuity. A sounding of the translational approach in Gen 2-3, Gen 27-28, Gen 48/50 and Exod 1-2 suggests that the Gen translator’s approach is shifting and flows seamlessly into that of the initial Exod chapters. Lexical and syntactic examples, too, illustrate that Exod continues or builds on or further develops the renderings found in the latter part of Gen. A natural explanation for this state of affairs is that the translator of Gen, whose approach had become increasingly idiomatic, completed Gen 50 and continued with Exod in the same vein. Our findings call for a verification of the multiple authorship hypothesis for the rest of the Pentateuch. They imply a less monolithic evaluation of LXX text-critical evidence.
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Lund Jacobsen, Anders. "Genesis 1-3 as Source for the Anthropology of Origen." Vigiliae Christianae 62, no. 3 (2008): 213–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157007208x265737.

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AbstractAccording to Origen Genesis 1-3 is an anthropological key-text. The account of man's creation in Gen. 1,26f deals with the creation of the inner non-material man in the image of God, whereas Gen. 2,7 deals with the creation of the human body, the outer man, which is not created in the image of God. Some later critics claim that according to Origen Gen. 2,7 is about the creation of a non-material luminous body. In Origen's opinion only the inner man can reach perfection. The outer man can never be perfect, but will be destroyed. To deepen our understanding of, how Origen understands the mortality of the human body, some short sayings about the meaning of Gen. 3,21 are interpreted. In the few places where Origen refers explicitly to Gen. 3,21 there is no clear picture of how he interprets this verse. The most precise observation we can make is that in his view the skin coats denote the mortal corporality that surrounds the inner man.
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Malan, C. J. "Ambrosius en die virginitas." Literator 6, no. 4 (May 9, 1985): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v6i4.938.

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Ambrosius het met reg die benaming “Leraar van Maagdelikheid” ontvang (Dooley, 1948:119). Die opmerking van Thamin: “C’est une vertu proprement chrétienne que la vertu de virginité, proclame tout d’abord saint Ambroise” (1895:344), gee dadelik aanleiding tot die vraag of Ambrosius dan geen waardering vir die huwelik gehad het nie. Hierdie vraag word nog meer dringend as sy beskrywing van die kruis van die getroude lewe nagegaan word.
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Ho, Craig. "The stories of the family troubles of Judah and David: a study of their literary links." Vetus Testamentum 49, no. 4 (1999): 514–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853399323228425.

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AbstractThis article adds some newly discovered literary links between Gen. xxxviii and the Succession Narrative (SN) to those already observed by scholars in the past thirty or so years. Gen. xxxviii is found to be dependent on and owes to the SN most of its literary components like names, plot, theme, motifs and special locutions. The literary conclusion arrived, contrary to the widely accepted traditio-historical view, is that Gen. xxxviii has no oral tradition stage before being written down. Further analysis of the story does not confirm its belonging to the J source but re-affirms its genealogical concern. The article concludes with a conjectured raison d'être for Gen. xxxviii, namely to provide a "narrative evidence" for David's genealogical link to Judah, i.e. to prove David's Jewishness. It is further conjectured that Gen. xxxviii was probably written about the time of the emergence of the book of Ruth, which shows similar concern.
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Buisch, Pauline Paris. "The Rest of Her Offspring." Novum Testamentum 60, no. 4 (September 11, 2018): 386–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685365-12341614.

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Abstract This paper demonstrates that a number of striking similarities between the expansion of Gen 3:15 found in the Palestinian Targums and the drama of Revelation 12 indicates that both are derived from the same Jewish tradition that interprets Gen 3:15 messianically. The implications of such a study are threefold. First, the primary intertext for Revelation 12 should be understood as Gen 3:15. Second, such a relationship between the New Testament and the Targumic traditions indicates that the Palestinian Targums should not be neglected in New Testament studies, as has been the recent trend. Finally, the so-called protoevangelium is ultimately a Christian adaptation of a Jewish messianic interpretation of Gen 3:15.
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Gonon, Laetitia, and Julie Sorba. "Phraséologismes spécifiques dans les romans historiques et les romans de littérature blanche." Journal of French Language Studies 30, no. 1 (August 19, 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269519000140.

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RESUMEDans l’objectif de contraster deux sous-genres du roman contemporain, l’article analyse les réalisations lexicales, syntaxiques, sémantiques et discursives de 8 constructions lexico-syntaxiques (CLS) dans un corpus français constitué de romans historiques (HIST) et de romans de littérature blanche (GEN) postérieurs à 1950. Ces unités phraséologiques récurrentes ont été repérées grâce à la technique des ALR développée dans le Lexicoscope, un outil de linguistique de corpus créé pour fouiller des textes. Les 8 CLS retenues pour cette étude interviennent dans (ou initient) une interaction verbale. Notre propos est de démontrer que ces CLS représentent bien des motifs qui occupent des fonctions discursives (FD) précises dans chaque genre sous-romanesque qu’elles permettent de mieux définir. Nous verrons ainsi que ces motifs de l’interaction verbale peuvent occuper des FD narrative, descriptive et pragmatique dans HIST et GEN mais que seule la FD cognitive est représentée dans GEN.
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Ottenheijm, Eric. "The Consolation of Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai." NTT Journal for Theology and the Study of Religion 66, no. 1 (February 18, 2012): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/ntt2012.66.047.otte.

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Volgens een bekend verhaal zou Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai (ca. 30-90 n. C.), bij het zien van de verwoeste Tempel, hebben verklaard dat goede werken de door God gewilde vervanging zijn van verzoenende Tempeloffers. Deze nieuwe visie, gebaseerd op Hosea 6:6, liet echter geen sporen na in vroeg-Rabbijnse discussies over verzoening. Bovendien bleven oudere, apocalyptische noties van goede werken als voorsprekers aan een hemels gerechtshof een rol spelen. Waarschijnlijk leidde Ben Zakkai’s theologie van verzoening door goede werken lange tijd een marginaal bestaan. Pas toen de Rabbijnen een dominante positie hadden verworven kon deze opvatting worden gepresenteerd als het Rabbijnse antwoord op de val van de Tempel.
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LÓPEZ, LUIS. "Questions on data and the input to GEN." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 19, no. 5 (February 19, 2016): 889–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728916000079.

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The keynote article (Goldrick, Putnam & Schwartz, 2016) discusses doubling phenomena occasionally found in code-switching corpora. Their analysis focuses on an English–Tamil sentence in which an SVO sequence in English is followed by a verb in Tamil, resulting in an apparent VOV structure: (1)
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37

Усупбаев, Адилет Кыдыкбекович. "Обзор и география видов рода Alopecurus L. (Poaceae) в Кыргызской Республике." Вестник ВГУ. Серия: География. Геоэкология, no. 2 (April 17, 2019): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/geo.2019.2/2300.

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Приведен обзор рода Alopecurus L. (Poaceae) флоры Киргизии по материалам гербария (FRU) ИБ НАН КР с краткими номенклатурными сведениями и ключом для определения видов. Накопленные коллекции гербария института не были полностью обработаны и определены, и в подавляющей части, их не видели и систематики-монографы, работающие в других городах. Эти коллекции не были обработаны полностью также при написании «Определителя растений Средней Азии». На территории Кыргызской Республики (КР) в естественных условиях произрастают следующие виды: Alopecurus apiatus Ovcz., A. arundinaceus Poir., A. himalaicus Hook.f., A. mucr onatus Hack., A. myosuroides Huds., A. pratensis Bourg. ex Lange. Впервые на территории Киргизии выявлен вид Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. Обзор сопровождается картами распространения всех видов. Распространение на территории республики приводится по ботанико-географическим районам, согласно «Кадастру...» [7]: СК – Северный Кыргызстан (Чуйская долина с прилегающим северным макросклоном хребта Киргизский Ала-Тоо и бассейн реки Чон-Кемин); ПИ – Прииссыккулье; ЦТ – Центральный Тянь-Шань; ЗТ – Западный Тянь-Шань; ПФ – Приферганские районы в пределах КР; ВТ– Внутренний Тянь-Шань; А – Алайская долина ( включая южные склоны Алайского и северные склоны Заалайского хребтов); ВК – весь Кыргызстан, если вид отмечен во всех без исключения вышеприведенных выделах. В статью включены только те виды, которые растут в административных границах КР и относятся только к дикорастущим. Культивируемые растения здесь не представлены. Горные экосистемы Кыргызской Республики поддерживают уникальное скопление растений и животных. Всего можно выделить 22 класса экосистем и 160 разновидностей горных и равнинных ландшафтов. Они населены примерно 26500 видами живых организмов. Благодаря высокой сложности и контрастности географической среды Кыргызстана в стране наблюдается очень высокая концентрация видов. На единицу площади здесь приходится на порядок-два больше видов, чем в среднем по планете.
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38

Luraghi, Silvia, Chiara Naccarato, and Erica Pinelli. "The u+gen construction in Modern Standard Russian." Cognitive Linguistics 31, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 149–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2018-0001.

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AbstractIn Modern Standard Russian (MSR), the prefix/preposition pair u-/u is peculiar with respect to other similar pairs, due to the meaning mismatch between the two. While the prefix u- has an ablative meaning, as shown when it is prefixed to motion verbs, the prepositional phrase u+gen occurs in locative constructions, and other related constructions, such as predicative possession that is expressed via the cross-linguistically common Locative Schema. Etymological considerations show that the meaning preserved by the prefix is older. The only type of occurrence which, according to the literature, preserves the ablative meaning for the u+gen construction is found with verbs of requesting, removing, and buying. Notably, however, in other Slavic languages putative ablative contexts are limited to verbs of requesting. Data from MSR, Old Church Slavic, Polish and Czech lead to the conclusion that the extension of the u+gen construction to verbs of removing in MSR is based on its use for the encoding of predicative possession. Extension to verbs of buying is better explained through the locative meaning of the construction. As a result of different developments, the u+gen construction has become part of the argument structure of a group of verbs including verbs of asking and requesting, verbs of removing, and verbs of buying, which are characterized by the common feature of taking human non-recipient third arguments. We argue that the different usages of the u+gen construction in MSR constitute an instance of constructionalization based on the merger of originally different constructions. We further argue that accounting for this development in constructional terms offers better insights in the relation among the various different usages of u+gen than simply focusing on the meaning of the preposition and its polysemy pattern.
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39

Butovskaya, Z. S. "ICT in Homework as a Way to Increase the Cognitive Interest of Students in Learning Chinese." Язык и текст 8, no. 1 (2021): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2021080102.

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In recent years, Russian schools have increasingly introduced Chinese as a second foreign language in their programs. Given the specificity of the object (characters, tone), the number of fixed lessons (for non-core classes two hours per week) and the number of students per class (average 10 people) educational outcomes, identified in the GEF, can be achieved only by combination of classwork and homework. The study attempts to trace the connection between the integration of ICT in homework and increasing the cognitive interest of schoolchildren while learning Chinese. For this purpose, in the 2019-2020 academic year, a pedagogical study was conducted in which four Chinese language teachers and 44 7th-grade students from three state-funded General education institutions in Moscow took part. The results showed that the integration of ICT in homework itself did not lead to an unambiguous increase in interest in the subject. Nevertheless, electronic homework could have caused an increase in the entertainment quality of the assignments.
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40

Kozlova, Ekaterina E. "פרא אדם/‘An Onager Man’ (Gen 16:12α) as a Metaphor of Social Oppression." Vetus Testamentum 67, no. 1 (January 23, 2017): 16–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685330-12341271.

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This essay focuses on the presentation of Ishmael as an ‘onager man’ in Gen 16:12α and shows that conventional readings of Ishmael’s profile are wrong about the direction in which aggression is channelled in his material—he is not the aggressor, he is on the receiving end of aggression. It argues that the first statement in the oracle in Gen 16:12α receives its resolution in the act of Abraham’s banishment of Ishmael in Gen 21. This reading is predicated on the fact that animalisation was a widely-used cultural tool of mediating violence (political, economic, and social) with onagers representing a lowest register of the abused and disadvantaged segments of ancient societies (cf. Job 24, 30; Sir 13). In addition, it shows that animals, equids in particular, are featured in contexts of socially unacceptable types of interments, and Ishmael’s designation as an onager points to his disinheritance and ‘non-burial’ in Gen 21.
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41

Lange, Armin. "DIE WURZEL PHZ UND IHRE KONNOTATIONEN." Vetus Testamentum 51, no. 4 (2001): 497–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685330152939514.

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AbstractDie Wurzel phz und ihre Derivate wurden entweder im Kontext zweier arab. Wurzeln (”fakhaza «to boast»; fakhkhadha, fakhadha «to scatter»“) auf zwei unterschiedliche hebr. Wurzeln gleicher Bedeutung zurückgeführt (Ch. Rabin) oder vor dem Hintergrund später Vorkommen bei Ben Sira, im Aramaic Levi Document und in Texten aus der Bibliothek von Qumran mit ”«wanton» or «lascivious»“ übersetzt (J.C. Greenfield). R. De Hoop schlug demgegenüber auf Grund von Hi. vi 15-20 und Jer. xv 18 als Grundbedeutung ”something like «to deceive»“ vor. Alle Arbeiten lessen jedoch eine in der Diskussion um die Samuelbücher schon lange bekannte varia lectio außer Betracht. 4QSamb bezeugt in 1 Sam. xx 34a wyphz. Der in nachexilisher Zeit nur noch schwer verständliche Text wurde späterhin mit wyqm übersetzt (MT etc.). Diese hebräisch-hebräische Übersetzung legt für die Wurzel phz eine Grundbedeutung ”aufstehen, sich erheben“ nahe. Die vorexilisch-exilischen Belege der Wurzel (Gen. il 4a; DAT ii 8; Zeph. iii 4; Jdc. ix 4b; Jer. xxiii 32aβ) bestätigen diese Annahme und bezeugen darüber hinaus eine übertragene Bedeutung von phz und seinen Derivaten im Sinne von ”sich gegen jemanden erheben“. In nachexilischer Zeit kann die Wurzel neben den beobachteten Konnotationen auch ein unbewußtes und leichtfertiges Handeln beschreiben.
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Hom, Mary Katherine Y. H. "“. . . A Mighty Hunter before YHWH”: Genesis 10:9 and the Moral-Theological Evaluation of Nimrod." Vetus Testamentum 60, no. 1 (2010): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/004249310x12577537066918.

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AbstractThe key to interpreting in Gen 10:9 lies not so much in ,but , which posits a relation between Nimrod and YHWH that expresses the superlative with regard to the strength of Nimrod’s abilities. Connections between Gen 10:8-12 and 11:1-9 reinforce a negative assessment of Nimrod’s character.
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43

Schmidt, Ludwig. "Genesis xv." Vetus Testamentum 56, no. 2 (2006): 251–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853306776907449.

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AbstractThe story of Abraham in Gen. xi 27-xxv 10 (11) is structured by two different literary layers in Gen. xv. The basic layer, consisting of V. 7-11, 17, 18, was originally connected with Gen. xiii 18. It must be assigned to the pentateuchal redaction, because it builds upon both Gen. xiii 14-17 and the priestly mentions of departure in xi 31; xii 4b, 5. The pentateuchal redaction wanted to demonstrate that Jahwe will not take back his promise of land for the descendants of Abraham, because he has obliged and laid upon himself a conditional curse in the presence of Abraham. Within the conception of the pentateuchal redaction Gen. xv 7ff.* has the function to finish the first part of the story of Abraham (xi 27-xiii 18; xv 7ff.*), which is dominated by the subject "the land for Abraham and his descendants". The subject of the second part (xv 1-xxv 11) can be described as "the descendants of Abraham and his life until his death".A later redactor integrated V. 1-6*, 12-16, 19-21. He wanted to emphasize that the faith of Abraham, trusting God to fulfill his promise of a physical heir and unnumbered descendants (V. 1-6*), gives Jahwe reason to lay upon himself a conditional curse in order to guarantee the promise of the land. This is furthermore the reason, why Jahwe told Abraham that the promise of land will only be fulfilled in a distant future (V. 12-16). In the view of the redactor Gen. xv is the starting point of the second part of the story of Abraham, in which he wanted to tell how Jahwe fulfills his promise of protection and of a physical heir for Abraham (xv 1bα, 4).
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Bührer, Walter. "The Relative Dating of the Eden Narrative Gen *2-3." Vetus Testamentum 65, no. 3 (August 3, 2015): 365–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685330-12301206.

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The present study investigates the methodological presuppositions inherent in a relative dating of Old Testament texts. Using Gen 1-3 as a test case, this study examines one of the most crucial texts in classical Pentateuchal scholarship. Recently, European scholars have tended to assume a late dating for the non-Priestly Eden narrative, an evaluation yielded through comparison with Priestly, Deuteronomic-Deuteronomistic, and late wisdom texts. However, given the lack of distinct textual reference to Priestly texts, the investigation argues that Gen 2-3 constitutes a pre-Priestly composition. In addition, no conclusive evidence indicates either Deuteronomic-Deuteronomistic or late wisdom texts influenced Gen 2-3; in fact, the lexical comparisons commonly adduced are not as conclusive as often believed.
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45

van Wolde, Ellen. "One Bow or Another? A Study of the Bow in Genesis 9:8-17." Vetus Testamentum 63, no. 1 (2013): 124–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685330-12341094.

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AbstractBecause Gen. 9:8-17 uses the wordqĕšĕtin relation to the deity and to the clouds, the inference has been made in biblical scholarship that the text refers to a rainbow. The plausibility of this inference is tested in this article. Attention is given to the various linguistic aspects of this word in the Hebrew Bible and to the specific textual composition of Gen. 9:8-17 as well as to the broader ancient Near Eastern framework established by comparative literary and iconographic evidence. The conclusion is reached that the wordqĕšĕtdesignates in Gen. 9:8-17 a warrior’s bow which represents both the deity’s might and power as well as his willingness to transfer his power over the earth to those living on it.
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46

Beletskaya, O. S., N. A. Eranova, and V. V. Kucheryavenko. "Spain and Italy Experience of Digital Education and E-Learning during the Pandemic." Язык и текст 7, no. 4 (2020): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2020070406.

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Due to the threat of the novel coronavirus infection, most schools, colleges and universities in Italy and Spain followed the recommendation of the Ministries of Science and Healthcare and opted to shift to distance learning mode. Needless to say, that fact had an impact on how the educational process was organized changed the format of communication and implementation of curricula and syllabi. The relevance of this study is conditioned by a growing interest to the problems of distance learning during the pandemic and the scarce research into this subject. The purpose of this paper is to identify and describe computer technologies applied in distance learning in educational institutions of Spain and Italy over the pandemic period. As part of research, we analyzed the data provided by the Spanish and Italian Ministries of Education and Science, as well as over 50 articles published by leading Spanish and Italian printed media, such as Corriere, Repubblica, Ilfattoquotidiano, Varesenews, Agi, OrizzonteScuolat, Udinetoday, El Pais, Expansion, ABC, El Tiempo, etc. The theoretical underpinning for the study is comprised of papers by distance learning experts: I.K. Korneyev, G.N. Ksandopulo, V.A. Mashurtsev [2009], V.L. Uskov [2008], Sharples M., Adams A., Alozie N., Ferguson R., FitzGerald E., Gaved M., McAndrew P., Means B., Remold [2015], Gros B. [2016], Bates A. [2015].
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47

Pautasso, L. G. "Neofiti's Reversal of the Motiv of the the «Wandering Jews» in Genesis 47:21." Sefarad 51, no. 1 (June 30, 1991): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/sefarad.1991.v51.i1.1027.

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Estudio casuístico de un rasgo literario exclusivo del Targum Neofiti: la fusión de las versiones palestinense y babilónica de la misma haggadâ. Pueden encontrarse ejemplos de este tratamiento poco frecuente de un texto targúmico al principio y al final de la traducción del Neofiti de la parašâ (Gen 44,18-47,27), es decir, en Gen 44,18 y Gen 47,21. En ambos casos Neofiti lleva al margen tres glosas, otro rasgo curioso que ocurre muy raramente (sólo otras seis veces en todo el Neofiti). En Gen 47,21 la lectio difficilior del TM motivó la actividad targúmica y dio lugar a dos expansiones diferentes, una corta, atestiguada en su forma más simple por O (= TB) y otra larga, atestiguada por V (= TP). La base de las notas marginales del Neofiti se encuentra tanto en TB como en TP, mientras que el texto mismo del Neofiti funde deliberadamente las dos expansiones. Una conflación simétrico-quiástica como la de Gen 47,21 no puede ser accidental. Aquí los testimonios (primero, las referencias midrásicas a la haftarâ de Ez 37, 16-19 que no aparece en la lista de haftarôt de la Genizah de El Cairo -siglos V-VI d. C.- pero que fue comentada por el paytan palestinense Samuel Tercero -ca. 1000 d. C.-, y segundo, la posibilidad de insertar una versión targúmica babilónica en otra palestinense) apuntan al período gaónico tardío como el terminus ante quem non de la actividad del último editor del Neofiti.
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48

Höffe, Otfried. "Minimalbürger, Staatsbürger, Weltbürger." Filozofija i drustvo 25, no. 3 (2014): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1403205h.

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Lange Zeit befa?te sich die Politische Philosophie vornehmlich mit sozialen Institutionen und Systemen. Die Politik erschien dabei als eine Auseinandersetzung mit Interessen und um Macht. Vernachl?ssigt wurden die Subjekte, von denen in Demokratien doch alle politische Gewalt ausgeht. Dieser Vernachl?ssigung steuert das Thema der B?rgeridentit?t entgegen. Das entscheidende Subjekt, den B?rger, darf man allerdings weder auf den B?rger im engeren Sinn, den Staatsb?rger, verk?rzen, noch bei diesem die B?rgertugenden vergessen. Selbst wer den Staatsb?rger f?r den wichtigsten Aspekt h?lt, darf die anderen Hinsichten nicht unterschlagen, zumal sie das Staatsb?rgersein beeinflussen. Die B?rgertugenden wiederum tragen als Rechtssinn, Gerechtigkeitssinn und Gemeinsinn zum Wohlergehen der Demokratie bei, geh?ren deshalb zum Kern eines aufgekl?rten Liberalismus.
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49

van Langen, Petra. "ER ZIJN VOOR DIT VAK IN NEDERLAND GEEN MAATSCHAPPELIJKE VOORUITZICHTEN." De Moderne Tijd 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 70–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/dmt2020.1-2.005.lang.

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Abstract There are no societal prospects for this study in the Netherlands’. Musicology in Utrecht, 1930-1940 Musicology became a fully-fledged academic study in the Netherlands in 1930 when both the Chair in Musicology and the Institute for Music History were founded at Utrecht University. Using sources such as archives, newspapers, personal memories of old studies in letters, and a talk on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the institute, this article describes the history of musicology Utrecht, its curriculum and what the first professor in musicology Albert Smijers expected of his students in the first decade of the institute’s existence.
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Vermeulen, Karolien. "The ‘Song’ of the Servant—Gen 24:23." Vetus Testamentum 61, no. 3 (2011): 499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853311x592335.

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