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Journal articles on the topic 'Gender and biological sex'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

van Anders, Sari M., Zach C. Schudson, Emma C. Abed, et al. "Biological Sex, Gender, and Public Policy." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4, no. 2 (2017): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2372732217720700.

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Policy debates have focused on who can participate in or access single-sex activities or services. This article describes how science of the biology of sex is relevant to three major policy areas: parenting (including leaves), sports, and public spaces. We focus on what scientists know about sex and gender (and gender/sex, where gender and sex are intertwined), and the role of various biological factors, including hormones such as testosterone and estradiol as well as genetics, gonads, genitals, and more. The policies under debate often use “biological sex,” but this fails to account for scien

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Nye, Robert A. "How Sex Became Gender." Psychoanalysis and History 12, no. 2 (2010): 195–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/pah.2010.0005.

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This article argues that ‘sex’ which had been commonly assumed in the West to refer to a permanent set of biological and behavioural traits particular to men and women, is gradually being replaced in general usage by ‘gender’. Though feminist theorists attempted to attach a constructivist meaning to gender, a generation of developmental theorists, clinicians and analysts has imbued the term with the determinism and biological qualities formerly ascribed to ‘sex’. The triumph of this materialist conception of gender is not assured, but it threatens our ability to think about gender identity as

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Udry, J. Richard. "Biological Limits of Gender Construction." American Sociological Review 65, no. 3 (2000): 443–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000312240006500307.

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A biosocial theory of gender is constructed on both the macro and micro levels. A micro-model of within-sex differences among females integrates the biological model current in primatology with the prevailing social science model. It shows how sex differences in hormone experience from gestation to adulthood shape gendered behavior (that is, behavior that differs by sex). On the macro level, this model also illustrates how socialization and environment shape gendered behavior. It then demonstrates how hormone experiences can facilitate or dampen the effects of socialization and environment on

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Budin, Stephanie Lynn. "Sex and Gender and Sex." Mare Nostrum 11, no. 1 (2020): 1–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v11i1p1-59.

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This article challenges some of the prevailing notions pertaining to non-binary sex and fluid gender in modern academia. Beginning with a look at the history of the sex vs. gender debate, it turns to the study of genetics to determine how binary sex is, overturning many current beliefs about the biological bases of multiple sexes. It then considers four case studies of so-called fluid gender in world history—Mesopotamian women as men, Albanian virgjinéshē, and Indian devadāsīs and sādhini—which show that these apparently “male women” never lose their feminine gender in spite of provisional mal

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Raines, Jamie, Luke Holmes, Tuesday M. Watts-Overall, et al. "Patterns of Genital Sexual Arousal in Transgender Men." Psychological Science 32, no. 4 (2021): 485–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797620971654.

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Most men show genital sexual arousal to one preferred gender. Most women show genital arousal to both genders, regardless of their sexual preferences. There is limited knowledge of whether this difference is driven by biological sex or gender identity. Transgender individuals, whose birth sex and gender identity are incongruent, provide a unique opportunity to address this question. We tested whether the genital responses of 25 (female-to-male) transgender men followed their female birth sex or male gender identity. Depending on their surgical status, arousal was assessed with penile gauges or

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Heckel, Noach. "The Problem of Transgender Identity in the Law of Consecrated Life." Jurist: Studies in Church Law and Ministry 80, no. 2 (2024): 469–99. https://doi.org/10.1353/jur.2024.a945239.

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ABSTRACT: In many Western countries, transgender people can change their gender and first name by simply declaring this to the state authorities. Transgender persons can be biologically clearly assigned to the male or female sex but do not feel aligned with their biological sex at the core of their consciousness. Instead, they identify with the opposite sex or neither. This phenomenon raises the question for religious orders of how to deal with the gender identity of individuals within the religious community in the future and whether transgender persons can be admitted to the order. In the Ca

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Gentile, Douglas A. "Just What Are Sex and Gender, Anyway? A Call for a New Terminological Standard." Psychological Science 4, no. 2 (1993): 120–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00472.x.

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The terms sex and gender have come to be used as synonyms in the social sciences literature. However, nothing has been gained by the use of the term gender except confusion. This article identifies five meanings for which social scientists often use the terms sex or gender and proposes a distinct term for each of those five meanings. The terms proposed are (1) sex: to refer to the biological function; (2) biologically sex-linked: to refer to traits or conditions that are causally biologically related to being male or female; (3) gender-linked: to refer to traits or conditions that are causally

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Krampen, Günter, Britt Effertz, Ursula Jostock, and Beatrix Müller. "Gender differences in personality: Biological and/or psychological?" European Journal of Personality 4, no. 4 (1990): 303–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410040404.

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The results of three empirical studies are reported in which the hypothesis is tested that differences in personality variables between the morphophenotype sexes can be explained by psychological sex‐role orientation variables. Furthermore, it was expected that normative sex‐role orientations (measured with the SRO‐S and the AWS‐S Scales) and gender‐related self‐concepts (femininity, masculinity, and androgyny measured with a modified BSRI) explain more variance in personality variables than morphophenotype sex. Besides these sex‐role orientation variables, test and questionnaire data on verba

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Steriopolo, Olga. "The division of GENDER." Voprosy Jazykoznanija, no. 1 (2022): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/0373-658x.2022.1.59-84.

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The paper investigates the connection between grammatical gender of human nouns and social gender and biological sex of their referents, focusing on the instances of mismatch between them. We analyze data from various languages and conclude that discrepancies between the biological sex of an individual and grammatical gender used in reference to that individual can be accounted for via sociological factors, namely the social roles, status and social behaviours that are considered (in)appropriate in a given society. We propose a pyramid structure, in which grammatical gender is based on social

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10

Lancaster, Roger, Jonathan Marks, Anne Fausto‐Sterling, and Agustín Fuentes. "Complexities of gender and sex." Anthropology Today 39, no. 6 (2023): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8322.12844.

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This editorial reflects on the controversy at the American Anthropological Association and the Canadian Anthropology Society's conference, where a session on the fixity of biological sex was cancelled. Retracing developments from Simone de Beauvoir's foundational ideas to the theories of second‐wave feminism it emphasizes how the gender concept was posed as a dynamic cultural construct. rather than a fixed biological fate, then shows that biological sex is also more complex than earlier characterizations of it as given, fixed, and immutable. Underscoring the complexities of academic debate and

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Carlson, Åsa. "Sex, Biological Functions and Social Norms: A Simple Constructivist Theory of Sex." NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research 24, no. 1 (2016): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08038740.2015.1136681.

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Lammers, William J., and Alleshia A. Byrd. "Student Gender and Instructor Gender as Predictors of Student–Instructor Rapport." Teaching of Psychology 46, no. 2 (2019): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0098628319834183.

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We evaluated whether gender (masculinity/femininity) rather than biological sex would better predict student–instructor rapport. University students (104 men, 97 women) considered either a feminine hypothetical instructor or a masculine hypothetical instructor and rate their expected rapport with that instructor. The Bem Sex Role Inventory assessed participant gender type. Results showed that students higher in femininity not only provided higher expected rapport ratings to a feminine instructor but also provided relatively higher expected rapport ratings to a masculine instructor. Students hi

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Hood-Williams, John. "Goodbye to Sex and Gender." Sociological Review 44, no. 1 (1996): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1996.tb02960.x.

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The sociological distinction between ‘sex’ and ‘gender’ has been paradigmatic for twenty years and is still taken for granted within the discipline. However it is a distinction that will no longer serve. Doubts about its continued usefulness surfaced as a result of a variety of influences. This paper refers specifically to the history of sex and to recent work in genetics in order to demonstrate that sex, like gender is a discursive construction. I argue that the sex/gender problematic is wrong to assume biological differences are naturally given and that sex cannot operate as a natural base i

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McTavish, James. "Gender Ideology Leads to Gender Confusion." Ethics & Medics 43, no. 11 (2018): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/em2018431118.

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For millennia, gender identity did not generate much confusion. In every epoch it has been accepted that one is either male or female. Gender confusion is a modern phenomenon, caused by the advance of gender ideology, an attempt to radically sever biological sex (the condition of being male or female) from the outward cultural and social expression of sex (gender). In doing so, it gives free rein to sexual expression, including homosexual and bisexual activity. This is clear from recent attempts to enshrine these concepts in national legislation. Various countries, including the United States,

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LoMauro, Antonella, and Andrea Aliverti. "Sex and gender in respiratory physiology." European Respiratory Review 30, no. 162 (2021): 210038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0038-2021.

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Sex is a biological concept determined at conception. Gender is a social concept. Medicine recognises sex as a biological variable and recommends including sex as a factor in clinical practice norms and as a topic of bench and clinical research. Sex plays a role in respiratory physiology according to two pathways: hormones and anatomy, with females characterised by smaller dimensions at every level of the respiratory system. Sex hormones also play specific roles in lung inflammatory processes, breathing control and in response to diseases. The literature is extremely controversial because many

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Llewellyn, Cheryl. "Sex Logics: Biological Essentialism and Gender-Based Asylum Cases." American Behavioral Scientist 61, no. 10 (2017): 1119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764217734261.

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Female circumcision and domestic violence asylum cases have been treated differently in the asylum system. The main explanation for differential adjudication has rested on racialized and ethnocentric constructions of harm. In this article, I examine differences between these cases by analyzing how gendered claims are constructed in female circumcision compared with domestic violence asylum claims. I identify three key themes (immutability, particularity, and universality) and show how they are linked to underlying gender ideologies in these cases. Findings suggest that gender ideology that rel

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Malygin, V. L., E. A. Kutukova, A. S. Iskandirova, E. E. Pahtusova, Y. A. Merkurieva, and Y. V. Malygin. "Self-consciousness features of persons with gender identity disorder." Medical Herald of the South of Russia 13, no. 3 (2022): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21886/2219-8075-2022-13-3-36-49.

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Purpose: to study the formed images of sexual self-consciousness in persons who applied for permission to change their sex. Materials and methods: 80 people were examined, 40 of whom applied for permission to change their sex (20 people male and 20 people of the female biological sex). The comparison group — 20 men and 20 women, whose gender identity coincides with the biological sex. Methods — Sandra Bem's BSRI (Bem Sex-Role Inventory) test, V.V. Stolin's self-attitude questionnaire, O.L. Kustovoi's questionnaire. Results: it has been established that in the group of transsexuals with a femal

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Baber, Harriet. "Sex Reassignment and Gender Misfits." Journal of Controversial Ideas 5, no. 1 (2025): 1. https://doi.org/10.63466/jci05010001.

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Gender transition enables some born men and women to escape from the constraints gender norms impose. But the adoption of gender transition as a remedy for gender misfits who cannot comply with their assigned gender norms is a conservative strategy that does not challenge the imposition of social norms that oppress gender misfits, of whom I am one. Trans individuals, who identify with and want to be identified as members of a sex other than their sex assigned of birth, should have the option of gender transition and, arguably, be recognized as members of their chosen sex afterwards. But gender

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Juster, Robert-Paul. "Sex × Gender and Sexual Orientation in Relation to Stress Hormones and Allostatic Load." Gender and the Genome 3 (January 2019): 247028971986255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2470289719862555.

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In this selective review, emerging literature linking biological sex, sociocultural gender, and sexual orientation to stress hormone functioning and multisystemic physiological dysregulations are summarized. Beyond sex as a binary biological variable, continuums of sex hormones, gender roles, gender identity, and sexual orientation each uniquely help delineate pathways and mechanisms linked to stress-related disease trajectories. This implicates glucocorticoid functioning and allostatic load, the “wear and tear” of chronic stress in synergy with unhealthy behaviors. Clinical considerations are

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XƏLİLOVA, L. N. "“GENDER” ANLAYIŞI: İNSANIN BİOLOJİ VƏ SOSİAL CİNSİ." Actual Problems of study of humanities 2, no. 2024 (2024): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.62021/0026-0028.2024.2.275.

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The Concept of “Gender”: Biological and Social Sex of a Person Summary The study determined that gender ideals in management are realized in gender orientation. Female gender orientation lies in the fact that women are focused on interpersonal relationships within the form, maintaining a static psychological microclimate, while men are focused on the environment, non-static interaction in constantly updated conditions. Key words: concept of “Gender”, biological and social sex of a person, gender orientation, psychological microclimate, gender ideals in management

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Cattaneo, Annamaria, Maria Bellenghi, Eliana Ferroni, et al. "Recommendations for the Application of Sex and Gender Medicine in Preclinical, Epidemiological and Clinical Research." Journal of Personalized Medicine 14, no. 9 (2024): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm14090908.

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Gender medicine studies how health status and diseases differ between men and women in terms of prevention, therapeutic approach, prognosis, and psychological and social impact. Sex and gender analyses have been demonstrated to improve science, contributing to achieving real appropriateness and equity in the cure for each person. Therefore, it is fundamental to consider, both in preclinical and clinical research, the different clinical and biological features associated with sex and/or gender, where sex differences are mainly influenced by biological determinants and gender ones by socio-cultu

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22

Yelsma, Paul, and Charles T. Brown. "Gender roles, biological sex, and predisposition to conflict management." Sex Roles 12, no. 7-8 (1985): 731–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00287867.

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23

Suar, Damodar, and Jyotiranjan Gochhayat. "Influence of Biological Sex and Gender Roles on Ethicality." Journal of Business Ethics 134, no. 2 (2014): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2424-0.

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Rompel, Sarah, Alexandra Schneider, Annette Peters, and Ute Kraus. "Sex/Gender-Differences in the Health Effects of Environmental Noise Exposure on Hypertension and Ischemic Heart Disease—A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (2021): 9856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189856.

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Previous studies have demonstrated cardiovascular health effects of environmental noise exposure, partly showing different effect estimates for males and females. This cannot be explained by biological differences between males and females alone. It is assumed that health outcomes and exposure patterns also depend on gender, determined by social, economic, and cultural factors in society. This systematic review evaluated the current state of how sex/gender is integrated in studies on environmental noise associated with hypertension, blood pressure, and ischemic heart diseases. A systematic lit

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Biemans, Monique. "The Effect of Biological Gender (Sex) and Social Gender (Gender Identity) on Three Pitch Measures." Linguistics in the Netherlands 15 (October 15, 1998): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/avt.15.06bie.

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Corda, E., C. Bandecchi, V. Deiana, et al. "Body image and gender role perceived in gender dysphoria: Cross-sex hormone therapy effects." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2192.

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The gender dysphoria (GD) refers to the distress caused by the incongruence between gender identity and biological sex. This occurs, especially in pre-treatment cross-sex hormone therapy (CHT), with a marked dissatisfaction with their body image.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of perceived gender in a total of 20 subjects (9 MtFs and 11 FtMs), presented for initiation of CHT at the Psychiatric Clinic or Department of Endocrinology of University Hospital of Cagliari and deemed appropriate to take the transition path aimed at sex reassignment. On a subsample of 7 patients (2 Mt

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Mong, Jessica A., and Danielle M. Cusmano. "Sex differences in sleep: impact of biological sex and sex steroids." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1688 (2016): 20150110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0110.

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Men and women sleep differently. While much is known about the mechanisms that drive sleep, the reason for these sex differences in sleep behaviour is unknown and understudied. Historically, women and female animals are underrepresented in studies of sleep and its disorders. Nevertheless, there is a growing recognition of sex disparities in sleep and rhythm disorders. Women typically report poorer quality and more disrupted sleep across various stages of life. Findings from clinical and basic research studies strongly implicate a role for sex steroids in sleep modulation. Understanding how neu

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白爾雅, 白爾雅. "從生理性別、社會性別和交織性來談醫學研究中不可缺少的性別觀點". 醫療品質雜誌 18, № 3 (2024): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/199457952024051803021.

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<p>由性別醫學所帶動、在醫學研究中增加性別分析的趨勢，在國際上與臺灣都受到極大的重視。使用性別分析來進行研究，即是在研究的每一個階段中，以生理性別(sex)、社會性別(gender)和交織性(intersectionality)分析來進行檢視研究設計中的性別盲點，亦即以「性別化創新」的概念來進行醫學研究。運用性別分析可以幫助我們檢討過去被視為理所當然的「預設值」。從性別的視角出發，讓我們可以看見更多其他的受壓迫主體和身體經驗，修正過去以預設值為醫學研究的基礎，增進各個性別主體的福祉。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>The trend of incorporating gender analysis in medical research, driven by gender medicine, has garnered considerable attention both internationally and in Taiwan. Conducting research with gender analysis involves examining each phase of the research through the lenses of biological sex, gender, and

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Grenfell, Laura. "Making sex: law's narratives of sex, gender and identity." Legal Studies 23, no. 1 (2003): 66–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2003.tb00206.x.

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From the 1970 decision of Corbett onwards, legal narratives established two modes of categorising complex social identity in relation to sex and gender. These narratives responded to complex identity questions by attempting to simplify identity by limiting it to biological factors or anatomical and psychological factors.I demonstrate that the law's struggle to ‘make’ sex is reflected to a certain extent by feminism's trajectory, in that feminisms have also attempted to grapple with these complex questions, and often opted for the same simple solutions to the problem of understanding gender, se

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Schredl, Michael, Franc Paul, Olaf Lahl, and Anja S. Göritz. "Gender Differences in Dream Content: Related to Biological Sex or Sex Role Orientation?" Imagination, Cognition and Personality 30, no. 2 (2010): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ic.30.2.e.

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Farhadytooli, Morteza. "Normalization of Sexuality in Gender Procedures: An Analysis of Language and Gender." Journal of Critical Studies in Language and Literature 3, no. 2 (2022): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46809/jcsll.v3i2.137.

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Normalization of sexuality in gender procedures, especially the focus on theoretical frameworks of language and gender, is the main concern in this study. This study argues that gender is understood as a social phenomenon and sex as a social material and the main concentration in the research is the investigation into the use of specific frameworks to confirm the idea that there are explicit systems among normalization the sex and gender procedures for either male or female that are affected by the language and gender theories. Indeed, sexual differences are legitimized by the nature of the tw

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Valdez, Christine E., and Michelle M. Lilly. "Biological sex, gender role, and Criterion A2: Rethinking the “gender” gap in PTSD." Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 6, no. 1 (2014): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0031466.

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Ciudad-Gutiérrez, Pablo, Beatriz Fernández-Rubio, and Ana Belén Guisado-Gil. "Gender bias in clinical trials of biological agents for severe asthma: A systematic review." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (2021): e0257765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257765.

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Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases characterized by sex disparities. Gender bias is a well-documented issue detected in the design of published clinical trials (CTs). International guidelines encourage researchers to analyze clinical data by sex, gender, or both where appropriate. The objective of this work was to evaluate gender bias in the published CTs of biological agents for the treatment of severe asthma. A systematic review of randomized controlled CTs of the biological agents (omalizumab, benralizumab, reslizumab, mepolizumab or dupilumab) for the treatment of severe ast

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Bhargava, Aditi, Arthur P. Arnold, Debra A. Bangasser, et al. "Considering Sex as a Biological Variable in Basic and Clinical Studies: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement." Endocrine Reviews 42, no. 3 (2021): 219–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnaa034.

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Abstract In May 2014, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) stated its intent to “require applicants to consider sex as a biological variable (SABV) in the design and analysis of NIH-funded research involving animals and cells.” Since then, proposed research plans that include animals routinely state that both sexes/genders will be used; however, in many instances, researchers and reviewers are at a loss about the issue of sex differences. Moreover, the terms sex and gender are used interchangeably by many researchers, further complicating the issue. In addition, the sex or gender of the res

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Belova, Alla. "GENDER VS GRAMMATICAL GENDER IN MODERN ENGLISH." Studia Linguistica, no. 17 (2020): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/studling2020.17.9-21.

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The article highlights paradigm shift in the Category of Gender triggered by expansion of gender roles spectrum in western world. This category is not reduced to the binary opposition of masculine and feminine any more and does not balance binary oppositions of grammatical gender and biological sex. To categorize new gender identities English naming and word-formation patterns and basic gender terms (male, female, masculine, feminine) were used. Some initialisms, firstly LGTB, gender derivatives were borrowed by other languages as English neologisms. In the 21st century gender-related coinages

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Bishara, Dr Hanan. "Gender and Sex in the Structure of Feminist Theories: A Concept and a Development." International Journal of Language, Literature and Culture 2, no. 5 (2022): 28–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijllc.2.5.6.

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Ann Oakley is considered the first to use the concept of 'gender'. She tried to distinguish between 'gender and 'sex'. In fact, she borrowed the idea of distinguishing between the two concepts from the American psychologist Robert Stoller, who was working on unlimited or sexually ambiguous cases. Sex, at that time, was not clearly defined whether it refers to 'males' or 'females', especially since the feelings and emotions were not in harmony with the person's real sex. Robert found that the distinction between the two concepts was beneficial to describe the condition of those individuals who

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Miller, Virginia M. "Why are sex and gender important to basic physiology and translational and individualized medicine?" American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 306, no. 6 (2014): H781—H788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00994.2013.

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Sex refers to biological differences between men and women. Although sex is a fundamental aspect of human physiology that splits the population in two approximately equal halves, this essential biological variable is rarely considered in the design of basic physiological studies, in translating findings from basic science to clinical research, or in developing personalized medical strategies. Contrary to sex, gender refers to social and cultural factors related to being a man or a woman in a particular historical and cultural context. Unfortunately, gender is often used incorrectly by scientis

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Moeller-Leimkuehler, A. M., and M. Yuecel. "How Gender-Specific is Male Depression?" European Psychiatry 24, S1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70415-8.

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Although there is a large amount of clinical evidence for a male-type depression, scientific evidence is still limited, especially in non-clinical populations with regard to gender differences in symptoms.In a sample of college students (518 males, 499 females) the relationship between male depression, sex and gender-role orientation was examined. Contrary to expectations, female students had a greater risk of male depression than male students (28.9% vs. 22.4%; p< 0.05). Overall, depressive symptoms as well as male-type distress symptoms were more pronounced in females. In the subgroup of

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Houser, Marian, Robert Sidelinger, and Angela Hosek. "Pedagogy, Gender, and Communication: Learning and Unlearning Gender." Journal of Communication Pedagogy 2 (2019): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31446/jcp.2019.08.

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Courses in gender communication are designed to enable students to examine the role of gender and gender identity in everyday communication. To aid them to understand gender communication, they should be exposed to at least three foundational areas and supporting content. Sex and gender differences, the social construction of gender, and theoretical gender lenses (biological, psychological, and critical/cultural) are critical foundations that students should grasp to recognize the complexity of gender and gender communication.

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Riecher-Rössler, A. "Sex and gender differences in schizophrenic psychoses." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.905.

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IntroductionSex and gender differences in schizophrenic psychoses have often been described but treatment approaches so far have hardly taken them into account.ObjectivesTo describe the most important sex and gender differences in schizophrenic psychoses with clinical implications.MethodsReview.ResultsSchizophrenic disorders show a later age of onset in women and a slightly better course, especially in young women. As to pathogenesis, there is some evidence that the age difference might be at least partly due to the female sex hormone estradiol being a protective factor. Differences in course

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Grzymisławska, Małgorzata, Elżbieta Puch, Agnieszka Zawada, and Marian Grzymisławski. "Do nutritional behaviors depend on biological sex and cultural gender?" Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine 29, no. 1 (2020): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17219/acem/111817.

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Бровина, А. В., and Е. Ю. Маленко. "TO THE MATTER OF DEFINITIONS OF BIOLOGICAL SEX AND GENDER." Актуальные вопросы современной филологии и журналистики, no. 2(49) (February 20, 2024): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/aqmpj.2023.40.83.003.

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Настоящая статья посвящена проблеме разграничения определений «пол», «род» и «гендер». Актуальность данной проблемы обусловлена тем, что в современном языке существует неоднозначное толкование данных понятий, что не всегда соответствует русскому пониманию аналогичных понятий и вызывает устойчивый исследовательский интерес. На протяжении многих веков язык является неисчерпаемым источником исследования ученых. Язык, или вербальное общение, считается одним из важнейших средств коммуникации наряду с невербальным общением. С помощью речи люди передают информацию, изучают и анализируют, размышляют и

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Novikova, E. A. "MORPHOLOGICAL CORRELATION OPTIONS AND BIOLOGICAL GENDER IN OWN NAMES OF PERSONS." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 30, no. 2 (2020): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2020-30-2-221-225.

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The article discusses the options for correlation of the morphological genus of personal names of individuals and biological sex. The subject of the review is the full proper names of the persons, as well as their formal word-formation modifications used in colloquial speech. The aim of the study is to identify types of correlation of the morphological genus and biological sex of personal names of individuals, as well as their derivative derivatives. As a result of the analysis, the following features were identified: in the main part of both male and female proper names, the morphological gen

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Gadamer, Damian. "Tożsamość płciowa na tle dwugłosu teorii płci Judith Butler i tomistycznej metafizyki człowieka." Teologiczne Studia Siedleckie 17, no. 2020 (2021): 128–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4701930.

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<strong>Gender identity in the background of discord in Judith Butler’s </strong><strong>gender theory and Thomistic metaphysic of human</strong> Te theme of gender identity is one of the most current topics in anthropology. Nowadays there are two terms concerning this human reality: sex (biological phenomenon) and gender (social construct). Judith Butler in her theory identifed sex and gender. She showed that human body is a subject of cultural and political interpretation. Tus there isn’t something like f<em>act</em> of body. Because of hetero normative paradigm the society belie

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Tonolo, Giancarlo. "Sex-Gender Awareness in Diabetes." Diabetology 2, no. 2 (2021): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diabetology2020010.

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Sex and gender can affect incidence, prevalence, symptoms, course and response to drug therapy in many illnesses, being sex (the biological side) and gender (the social-cultural one), variously interconnected. Indeed, women have greater longevity; however, this is accompanied by worse health than men, particularly when obesity is present. Sex-gender differences are fundamental also in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Just for example in the prediabetes situation impaired fasting glucose (expression of increased insulin resistance) is more common in men, while impaired glucose tolerance (expres

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Knobloch-Westerwick, Silvia, and Gregory J. Hoplamazian. "Gendering the Self." Communication Research 39, no. 3 (2011): 358–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650211425040.

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Based on gender schema theory, social role theory, and social-cognitive theory, this study investigated whether biological sex and gender conformity (femininity and masculinity) predict selective exposure to gender-typed magazines and whether this exposure, in turn, reinforces gender conformity. Participants browsed full issues—three women’s magazines, three associated with male readers, and three news magazines—while being taped. Before and after browsing, participants indicated their femininity and masculinity. Results show a strong impact of biological sex on selective magazine reading, res

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Willmott, Robert. "Resisting Sex/Gender Conflation: A Rejoinder to John Hood-Williams." Sociological Review 44, no. 4 (1996): 728–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1996.tb00444.x.

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The irony of the rejection of the sex/gender distinction is that it renders sociology per se an impossible enterprise. For it is my submission that, contra Hood-Williams (1996) and others, the biological and the social constitute distinct, irreducible levels of reality: to conflate (in a ‘downwards’ or ‘upwards’ direction) the two levels is immediately to render analysis of their relative interplay at best intractable. It is indeed arguable that Hood-Williams is not so much concerned with (rightly) rejecting the so-called ‘additive’ approach to the biological and the social where the biologica

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Bordean, Ovidiu Niculae, Dalma Szonja Rácz, Sebastian Ion Ceptureanu, Eduard Gabriel Ceptureanu, and Zenovia Cristiana Pop. "Gender Diversity and the Choice of Conflict Management Styles in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (2020): 7136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177136.

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The current study investigates the relation between biological sex and gender role upon the choice of conflict management styles. The Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) measured the gender role and Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory-II (ROCI-II) Form C measured the conflict handling styles. Participants were employees of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The results found that biological sex has no correlation with the choice of conflict management style. On the other hand, the findings have shown that gender role is a predictor for the choice of conflict management styles as masculin

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Pohlmann, Attila, and Qimei Chen. "Better than sex: further development and validation of the consumption gender scale." Journal of Consumer Marketing 37, no. 3 (2020): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-05-2019-3214.

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Purpose Biological sex is an important segmenting variable in marketing. Yet its ability to meaningfully distinguish beyond the female/male dichotomy is limited. With traditional gender roles continuously shifting and contemporary fluid conceptualizations of gender altering the consumption mainstream, the diverse and multi-faceted behaviours related to gender elude market segment distinctions that are based on biological sex alone. Thus far, researchers have had only limited success applying the concept of gender identity and gender schema theory to inform marketing research and management. Th

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Doyal, Lesley. "Sex and Gender: The Challenges for Epidemiologists." International Journal of Health Services 33, no. 3 (2003): 569–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/cwk2-u7r6-vce0-e47p.

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Gender issues are now receiving more attention on global and national health agendas. However, the evidence base for policy and practice in this area remains limited and conceptual confusion is still common. This article reviews the challenges facing epidemiologists and other researchers who aim to make their work more “gender sensitive.” It begins by exploring the concepts of biological “sex” and social “gender” and assesses their implications for the health of both women and men. It then reviews a range of strategies for mainstreaming sex and gender into health research. The article conclude

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