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Journal articles on the topic 'Gender and life stages'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Standing, Hilary, K. M. Ashraful Azaz, and Clarence Mahoney. "Life Stages: Gender and Fertility in Bangladesh." Man 23, no. 1 (March 1988): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2803045.

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2

Nag], [Moni, K. M. Ashraful Aziz, and Clarence Maloney. "Life Stages, Gender and Fertility in Bangladesh." Population and Development Review 13, no. 2 (June 1987): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1973204.

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3

Pinto, Vanessa Carla Monteiro, Petrus Gantois Massa Dias dos Santos, Rafaela Catherine Da Silva Cunha de Medeiros, Francisco Emílio Simplício Souza, Thaisys Blanc dos Santos Simões, Renata Poliane Nacer de Carvalho Dantas, and Breno Guilherme De Araújo Tinôco Cabral. "Maturational stages: comparison of growth and physical capacity indicators in adolescents." Journal of Human Growth and Development 28, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.127411.

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Introduction: The identification of physical capacity is an important marker related to healthy behavior during childhood and adolescence, in which some factors appear to contribute to motor performance such as maturation and hormonal levels. Objective: To compare growth indicators, physical capacity and hormonal markers according to gender and maturational stage in adolescents. Methods: Eighty-nine adolescents of both genders aged 10-13 years participated in the study. Sexual maturation was evaluated using the Tanner’s self-evaluation method. Physical capacity (explosive strength of upper and lower limbs, upper limb velocity and agility) and hormonal markers (testosterone and estradiol) were evaluated through the chemiluminescence method. Results: In the comparison by gender, girls had higher weight (p = 0.023), height (p = 0.018) and fat percentage values (p = 0.001), while boys presented better motor performance for the explosive strength of upper limbs (p = 0.005) and lower limbs (p = 0.011), agility (0.018) and upper limb velocity (p = 0.014). Regarding maturational stage, boys did not present differences in any variable analyzed; (Stage V versus I), height (stage III, IV and V versus I) and upper limb explosive strength (stage III and IV versus I). Conclusion: Growth, weight and height, as well as explosive strength of upper limbs were higher in girls at more advanced maturational stages and appear to be gender dependent.
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4

Sheinkin, Lynn, and Gail Holtz Golden. "Therapy with Women in the Later Stages of Life." Women & Therapy 4, no. 3 (October 1985): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j015v04n03_08.

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5

Srivastava, Swati, Iti Garg, Lilly Ganju, and Bhuvnesh Kumar. "Venous Thrombosis could be Gender Specific, Women Beware!" Defence Science Journal 69, no. 5 (September 17, 2019): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.69.13222.

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Venous thrombosis (VT) is the third major cause of mortality in the world after heart attack and stroke. Its two major clinical manifestations are deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) which are serious medical conditions but often remain under-diagnosed. Although rate of occurrence of venous thrombosis in men is slightly higher, a number of studies have pointed out that woman poses higher risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared to men at various stages of life. Risk of VTE increases in women’s life particularly with use of oral contraceptives, during pregnancy and with exogenous administration of hormones like in post-menopausal hormone therapy. Various reports show that these factors increase risk of DVT and PE by several folds. DVT is considered as an important cause of maternal death in western countries. It is often asymptomatic and its signs and symptoms are similar to those of normal pregnancy. The hormonal changes at various stages of life and less physical activity increase the risk of VTE by blood flow stasis. It is extremely important for women to know the stages of life when they are prone to develop VTE, about its prevention and treatment. Detailed studies on differences in clinical manifestations of VTE between men and women are lacking. This review focusses on assessing the increased risk of VTE and its prognosis in women based on available literature.
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6

Eppley, S. M. "GENDER-SPECIFIC SELECTION DURING EARLY LIFE HISTORY STAGES IN THE DIOECIOUS GRASSDISTICHLISSPICATA." Ecology 82, no. 7 (July 2001): 2022–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[2022:gssdel]2.0.co;2.

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7

Bierhals, Andrew J., Holly G. Prigerson, Amy Fasiczka, Ellen Frank, Mark Miller, and Charles F. Reynolds. "Gender Differences in Complicated Grief among the Elderly." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 32, no. 4 (June 1996): 303–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/437w-edwj-lmql-0cb9.

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The resolution of grief has been frequently posited to progress through stages. Seventy-one widows and twenty-six widowers bereaved from five months to thirty-seven years were studied to determine if their resolution of grief-related symptoms could be mapped onto a stage theory of grief and to examine if men and women follow the same temporal course. An analysis of variance was used to test for differences in complicated grief symptoms over time and between widows and widowers. Widowers bereaved three years or longer were found to have increased bitterness. By contrast, widows who were bereaved three years and beyond were found to have lower levels of complicated grief. These preliminary findings suggest that grief may not resolve in stages and that symptoms of complicated grief may not decline significantly over time. Rather symptoms of complicated grief appear to remain stable at least for the first three years of bereavement for both men and women but, thereafter, among widowers tend to increase and among widows to decrease.
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8

Lindenbaum, Shirley. ": Life Stages, Gender and Fertility in Bangladesh . K. M. Ashraful Aziz, Clarence Maloney." Medical Anthropology Quarterly 2, no. 2 (June 1988): 184–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/maq.1988.2.2.02a00070.

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9

Crispino, Pietro, Miriam Gino, Elena Barbagelata, Tiziana Ciarambino, Cecilia Politi, Immacolata Ambrosino, Rosalia Ragusa, Marina Marranzano, Antonio Biondi, and Marco Vacante. "Gender Differences and Quality of Life in Parkinson’s Disease." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010198.

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Parkinson’s disease has been found to significantly affect health-related quality of life. The gender differences of the health-related quality of life of subjects with Parkinson’s disease have been observed in a number of studies. These differences have been reported in terms of the age at onset, clinical manifestations, and response to therapy. In general, women with Parkinson’s disease showed more positive disease outcomes with regard to emotion processing, non-motor symptoms, and cognitive functions, although women report more Parkinson’s disease-related clinical manifestations. Female gender predicted poor physical functioning and socioemotional health-related quality of life, while male gender predicted the cognitive domain of health-related quality of life. Some studies reported gender differences in the association between health-related quality of life and non-motor symptoms. Depression and fatigue were the main causes of poorer health-related quality of life in women, even in the early stages of Parkinson’s disease. The aim of this review was to collect the best available evidence on gender differences in the development of Parkinson’s disease symptoms and health-related quality of life.
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10

Guinea-Martin, Daniel, Ricardo Mora, and Javier Ruiz-Castillo. "The Evolution of Gender Segregation over the Life Course." American Sociological Review 83, no. 5 (September 21, 2018): 983–1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122418794503.

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We propose a measure of gender segregation over the life course that includes differences between women and men in occupational allocation, degree of time involvement in paid work, and their participation in different forms of economic activity and inactivity, such as paid work, homemaking, and retirement. We pool 21 Labour Force Surveys for the United Kingdom to measure, compare, and add up these various forms of segregation—occupational, time-related, and economic—from 1993 to 2013 ( n = 1,815,482). The analysis relies on the Strong Group Decomposability property of the Mutual Information index. There are four main findings. First, the marketplace is the major contributor to gender segregation. Second, over the life course, the evolution of gender segregation parallels the inverted U-shaped pattern of the employment rate. Third, a tradeoff between occupational and non-occupational sources of segregation defines three distinct stages in the life course: the prime childbearing years, the years when children are school age, and the retirement years. Fourth, to a large extent, women’s heterogeneity drives age patterns in segregation.
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11

Vadarevu, Ramana V., and Peter R. Stopher. "Household Activities, Life Cycle, and Role Allocation." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1556, no. 1 (January 1996): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155600110.

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Four basic hypotheses about activities that are fundamental to pursuing an activity-based travel-forecasting modeling procedure are presented. They include classifying activities as mandatory, flexible, or optional; using life-cycle stages to differentiate the amount of time spent on different activities; determining whether there are differences in proportionate amounts of time spent on activities by gender; and examining role allocations to activities between people in a household on the basis of working status and gender. The hypotheses are tested by using a subsample of households from a sample collected in Boston in 1991 from an activity diary. Within the limitations of the data, it is found that the classification of activities appears to be sensible, and statistically significant differences are found among life-cycle groups. Differences are also found by gender and working status. Recommendations are made for further research and on some of the implications of these findings for activity modeling.
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12

Grasso, Felicia, Stefania Mochi, Federica Fratini, Anna Olivieri, Chiara Currà, Inga Siden Kiamos, Elena Deligianni, et al. "A Comprehensive Gender-related Secretome of Plasmodium berghei Sexual Stages." Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 19, no. 12 (September 3, 2020): 1986–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/mcp.ra120.002212.

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Plasmodium, the malaria parasite, undergoes a complex life cycle alternating between a vertebrate host and a mosquito vector of the genus Anopheles. In red blood cells of the vertebrate host, Plasmodium multiplies asexually or differentiates into gamete precursors, the male and female gametocytes, responsible for parasite transmission. Sexual stage maturation occurs in the midgut of the mosquito vector, where male and female gametes egress from the host erythrocytes to fuse and form a zygote. Gamete egress entails the successive rupture of two membranes surrounding the parasite, the parasitophorous vacuole membrane and the erythrocyte plasma membrane. In this study, we used the rodent model parasite Plasmodium berghei to design a label-free quantitative proteomic approach aimed at identifying gender-related proteins differentially released/secreted by purified mature gametocytes when activated to form gametes. We compared the abundance of molecules secreted by wild type gametocytes of both genders with that of a transgenic line defective in male gamete maturation and egress. This enabled us to provide a comprehensive data set of egress-related molecules and their gender specificity. Using specific antibodies, we validated eleven candidate molecules, predicted as either gender-specific or common to both male and female gametocytes. All of them localize to punctuate, vesicle-like structures that relocate to cell periphery upon activation, but only three of them localize to the gametocyte-specific secretory vesicles named osmiophilic bodies. Our results confirm that the egress process involves a tightly coordinated secretory apparatus that includes different types of vesicles and may put the basis for functional studies aimed at designing novel transmission-blocking molecules.
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13

Dzagurova, Natal'ya Khadzhumarovna. "Gender aspects of everyday life of a modern Ossetian family." Социодинамика, no. 12 (December 2020): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7144.2020.12.34700.

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The goal of this research consists in the analysis of gender aspects of everyday life of a modern Ossetian family. The subject of this article is the historical-cultural context that contributed to the formation and modernization of behavioral practices of daily household chores, authority and distribution of roles in a modern Ossetian family. The object is the models of interfamilial gender behavior. The article employs the method of systemic analysis that allows viewing gender relations in the family as the backbone elements of social relations. The comparative-historical method was applied for comprehension of the general patterns of development of gender relations and outlining the prerequisites and mechanisms for the formation of a certain gender order in a chronological sequence. The article describes the models of everyday interfamilial gender behavior, formulates the criteria that determine these models, indicates the stages of historical-cultural evolution of modern gender aspects in the context of formation and modernization of interfamilial behavioral practices. The analysis of empirical base of the research determines the prevalent models of interfamilial gender behavior in a modern Ossetian family. The factors of low level of proliferation of egalitarian attitudes in the region are identified. The conclusion is made that despite the external presentability, modern Ossetian family is still a reflection of gender asymmetry, maintaining the status of “dual employment” of women.
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14

Dickason-Koekemoer, Zandri, and Suné Ferreira. "Risk Tolerance: The Influence of Gender and Life Satisfaction." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 11, no. 1(J) (March 10, 2019): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v11i1(j).2749.

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Abstract: Financial managers base an investor’s risk profile on their demographics and level of risk investors are willing to tolerate. Risk tolerance is often influenced by the different levels of life satisfaction that an investor experience and may differ based on the demographic composition of that investor. Demographic variables such as gender can differentiate between investors level of life satisfaction, which can ultimately affect investment decisions. As a result, the degree of life satisfaction can affect investment decisions by manipulating the level of risk that investors are willing to tolerate. Male and female investors can be categorised into different risk tolerance levels based on their satisfaction with life status. The aim of this study is to determine the risk tolerance level of male and female investors considering their level of life satisfaction. The results of this study indicated that the more unsatisfied investors are with their lives the less likely they will be to take on high-risk investments. Therefore, low life satisfaction is accompanied by a low-risk tolerance level. Male investors had higher life satisfaction compared to female investors. Female investors were only willing to tolerate high risk when experiencing extremely low life satisfaction or extremely high life satisfaction stages.
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15

Eppley, S. M. "Gender-Specific Selection during Early Life History Stages in the Dioecious Grass Distichlis spicata." Ecology 82, no. 7 (July 2001): 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2680066.

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16

MCCARTHY, FLORENCE E. "Life Stages, Gender and Fertility in Bangladesh. K. M. ASHRAFUL AZIZ and CLARENCE MALONEY." American Ethnologist 15, no. 1 (February 1988): 178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ae.1988.15.1.02a00220.

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17

Horne, Rebecca M., Matthew D. Johnson, Nancy L. Galambos, and Harvey J. Krahn. "Time, Money, or Gender? Predictors of the Division of Household Labour Across Life Stages." Sex Roles 78, no. 11-12 (September 26, 2017): 731–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-017-0832-1.

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18

Ermolaev, B. V., M. V. Ermolaeva, and D. V. Lubovsky. "Students’ Perceptions of Individual Health at Different Stages of Life." Psychological-Educational Studies 10, no. 1 (2018): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psyedu.2018100105.

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The paper analyses the problem of how health preservation is perceived by teenagers, adolescents and youths, demonstrating the need for research of students’ perceptions of individual health and its preservation at different stages of life. An empirical study conducted with 522 students of the Moscow Polytechnic University (3 age groups, average age 17, 19 and 21 years) used a custom questionnaire aimed at examining their perceptions regarding the greatest value of the health factor at different stages of life from infancy to elderly age. The study revealed an unfortunate downward trend of individual health value with respect to the age when systematic health problems appear. Some gender differences in attitude towards individual health were discovered; for instance, women place a higher value on it for every stage of life and attach greater importance to it in early ontogeny. Men were found to overestimate the age associated with the onset of system health issues. The paper shows the possibilities for practical application of obtained data.
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19

Humphrey, John A., and Stuart Palmer. "The Effects of Race, Gender, and Marital Status on Suicides among Young Adults, Middle-Aged Adults, and Older Adults." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 22, no. 4 (June 1991): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/xua8-gfc7-pwk8-b3l3.

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Investigations of suicide tend to focus on adolescents, young adults, and elderly adults. Little is known about suicide in midlife or about the timing of suicide across the life course. Analyses of the effects of marital status, race, and gender on the timing of suicide across three adult life stages are provided: young adult (ages 25 through 39); midlife (ages 40 through 59); and older adult (ages 60 and above). All officially recorded suicides twenty-five years of age or older ( N = 3,187) in North Carolina (1980 through 1984) are studied. Logistic modeling shows distinct structural effects on the occurrence of suicide in midlife compared to the life stages immediately preceding and following it. Greater attention to the crises of women in midlife appears warranted.
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20

Régnier, Thomas, Jacques Labonne, Joëlle Chat, Ayaka Yano, Yann Guiguen, and Valérie Bolliet. "No early gender effects on energetic status and life history in a salmonid." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 12 (December 2015): 150441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150441.

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Throughout an organism's early development, variations in physiology and behaviours may have long lasting consequences on individual life histories. While a large part of variation in critical life-history transitions remains unexplained, a significant proportion may be caused by early gender effects as part of gender-specific life histories shaped by sexual selection. In this study, we investigated the presence of early gender effects on the timing of emergence from gravel and the energetic status of brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) early stages. To investigate this question, individual measures of emergence timing, metabolic rate and energetic content were coupled for the first time with the use of a recent genetic marker for sdY (sexually dimorphic on the Y-chromosome), a master sex-determining gene. Our results show that gender does not influence the energetic content of emerging juveniles or their emergence timing. These findings suggest that gender differences may appear later throughout salmonid life history and that selective pressures associated with the critical period of emergence from gravel may shape early life-history traits similarly in both males and females.
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21

Bravo, Valeriya, Jennifer Connolly, and Caroline McIsaac. "Why Did It End? Breakup Reasons of Youth of Different Gender, Dating Stages, and Ages." Emerging Adulthood 5, no. 4 (March 23, 2017): 230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167696817700261.

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Romantic breakups are common among youths. Yet “why” they occur is not well understood. In adolescence and emerging adulthood, unique characteristics of romantic participation call for investigation of breakups from a developmental perspective. Our principal objective was to map out breakup reasons of adolescents and emerging adults, accounting for relevant theory and research on both age-groups. We considered the role of age, gender, and dating stage (casual vs. serious) on youths’ breakup reasons. Results revealed a five-factor scale with affiliation, intimacy, autonomy, infidelity, and status as unique factors. Consistent with theory and research, we found similarities and differences in how youths of different age, dating stage, and gender endorse these reasons. These findings are consistent with the notion that breakups stem from a failure of romantic relationships to meet youths’ emerging romantic needs, and that there is considerable continuity in these relational dimensions from adolescence into emerging adulthood.
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22

Liao, Tim Futing, and Yang Cai. "Socialization, Life Situations, and Gender-Role Attitudes regarding the Family among White American Women." Sociological Perspectives 38, no. 2 (June 1995): 241–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389292.

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There are two major theoretical perspectives explaining differences in gender-role attitudes: the socialization or social-learning theory, and situational theory in the form of macrosituational and microsituational (microstructural) hypotheses. In this article, we synthesize the two theories. We use data from the 1985 General Social Survey to evaluate this synthetic theory for white women in the United States. The findings show that socialization, represented by women's educational attainment being influenced by their mothers' educational attainment, has no direct impact on gender-role attitudes. Socialization does indirectly influence attitudes via women's life situations, as represented by women's life course stages and the kin composition of their social networks. Life situations are more contemporaneous than socialization and, thus, have direct effects on family-related gender-role attitudes.
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23

MOERTEL, L., G. N. GOBERT, and D. P. McMANUS. "Comparative real-time PCR and enzyme analysis of selected gender-associated molecules inSchistosoma japonicum." Parasitology 135, no. 5 (February 25, 2008): 575–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182008004174.

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SUMMARYSchistosomes are complex parasitic helminths with discrete life-cycle stages, adapted for survival in their mammalian and snail hosts and the external aquatic environment. Recently, we described the fabrication and use of a microarray to investigate gender-specific transcription inSchistosoma japonicum. To address transcriptional differences, 8 gender-associated gene transcripts identified previously by the microarray analysis were selected for further study. First, differential transcription patterns were investigated in 4 developmental stages using real-time PCR. Subsequently, we undertook functional analysis of a subset of 4 transcripts encoding metabolic enzymes, so as to correlate gender-associated transcript levels with enzyme activity in protein extracts from adult worms. The 8 characterized molecules serve as a basis for further investigation of differential gene expression during the schistosome life-cycle and for studying the sexual dimorphism of adult worms. Continual refinement and annotation of the microarray used in the current study should support future work on these aspects.
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24

Lee, Chioun, Lexi Harari, and Soojin Park. "Early-Life Adversities and Recalcitrant Smoking in Midlife: An Examination of Gender and Life-Course Pathways." Annals of Behavioral Medicine 54, no. 11 (April 24, 2020): 867–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaaa023.

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Abstract Background Little is known about life-course factors that explain why some individuals continue smoking despite having smoking-related diseases. Purpose We examined (a) the extent to which early-life adversities are associated with the risk of recalcitrant smoking, (b) psychosocial factors that mediate the association, and (c) gender differences in the associations. Methods Data were from 4,932 respondents (53% women) who participated in the first and follow-up waves of the Midlife Development in the U.S. National Survey. Early-life adversities include low socioeconomic status (SES), abuse, and family instability. Potential mediators include education, financial strain, purpose in life, mood disorder, family problems/support, and marital status. We used sequential logistic regression models to estimate the effect of early-life adversities on the risk of each of the three stages on the path to recalcitrant smoking (ever-smoking, smoking-related illness, and recalcitrant smoking). Results For women, low SES (odds ratio [OR] = 1.29; 1.06–1.55) and family instability (OR = 1.73; 1.14–2.62) are associated with an elevated risk of recalcitrant smoking. Education significantly reduces the effect of childhood SES, yet the effect of family instability remains significant even after accounting for life-course mediators. For men, the effect of low SES on recalcitrant smoking is robust (OR = 1.48; 1.10–2.00) even after controlling for potential mediators. There are noteworthy life-course factors that independently affect recalcitrant smoking: for both genders, not living with a partner; for women, education; and for men, family problems. Conclusions The findings can help shape intervention programs that address the underlying factors of recalcitrant smoking.
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25

Krogh, Kathryn Miller. "Women's motives to achieve and to nurture in different life stages." Sex Roles 12, no. 1-2 (January 1985): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00288038.

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26

Tuna, Tülin. "Gender and Modernization in Turkey." International Journal of Learning and Development 2, no. 5 (October 23, 2012): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijld.v2i5.2554.

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This article aims to explain gender equality in Turkey. The gender concept which implies socially determined roles and responsibilities of men and women varies across different societies and in time. The gender is determined by multiple factors. Besides gender has an impact on every period of life in different ways. There can be inequality in using the opportunities, allocation and utilization of resources, accessing the services because of gender. Women have more disadvantages and lower social statuses compared with men are influenced much negative from so-called inequalities. Several reforms have been carried out since beginning of Turkish Republic in order to provide gender equality. These reforms aim to boost the woman’s economic, cultural and social development. However, today sex based inequality is one of the foremost current problems, although these reforms. When the status of woman in Turkey is examined, it is observed that education level of woman has low and involvement in business life is inadequate. Together with this fact, it is obvious that woman could not exceed gender role despite legal reforms in Turkey and take its place in political area. However, fertility conscious of women started to increase. Therefore, the rates of fertility decrease. To sum up, it was observed that today there are many stages in order to reach the level desired in regard to provide gender equality. Key Words: Gender in Turkey, Gender equality, The Status of Women in Turkey.
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27

Chang, Seohee, and Gi Eun Chung. "Leisure-tourism connection behaviors by life stage and gender." International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 12, no. 3 (August 6, 2018): 292–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-03-2018-0036.

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Purpose Individuals’ daily leisure activities undertaken close to home often appear in tourism contexts when individuals are away from home. Previous studies have suggested that such leisure-tourism connection behaviors are enhanced by leisure involvement and leisure habits. However, few studies have examined if such a connection may have variations by life stage and gender. Therefore, this study aims to examine the roles of life stage and gender in consistency between leisure and tourism, in consideration of involvement and habit. The study samples were university graduates (n = 681) who had graduated from a university in the United States and were currently working and university students (n = 706) who were enrolled and taking classes at a university in the United States. Design/methodology/approach Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, exploratory factor analysis, t-test, two-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. Findings The findings revealed differences in the effects of leisure involvement and habit factors on the leisure-tourism connection behaviors by life stage and gender. More details are presented in this paper. Originality/value This study is the first study to examine the leisure-tourism connection behaviors in consideration of life stage and gender.
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Bjørge, Heidi, Kari Kvaal, and Ingun Ulstein. "309 - Quality of life in caregiver in a gender perspective." International Psychogeriatrics 32, S1 (October 2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610220002094.

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Background and aimPeople with dementia depend on a relative to be able to stay at home longer However, being a caregiver has shown to influence on their quality of life (QoL). Depression is the most common factor associated with low caregiver QoL, while relational factors have shown to be a protective factor. Less is known about how female and male caregivers approve to the caregiving demands, and thus how these demands influence their QoL. In this study, we aimed at investigating what factors influenced on QoL related to gender and how these fluctuated with time.MethodIn this longitudinal design, a total of 208 caregivers, 158 female mean age 62.5 and 50 male caregivers, mean age 67.9 were assessed for Quality of Life-Alzheimer Disease (QoL). In addition, depression, family relationship and caregivers’ burden of care were assessed. Linear regression analyses were applied to explore the bivariate and multivariate associations between the dependent variable QoL and potential explanatory variables.The same questionnaires were completed at one-year follow-up, and the results from the remaining 176 caregivers were compared with their baseline scorings.ResultsCaregivers’ depressive feelings were the strongest predictors of caregivers’ QoL. What differed in the explained perceived QoL was feeling of social isolation in female caregivers, and male caregivers’ perception of their care receivers’ emotionally overinvolved attitude towards them. Additionally, female caregivers expressed a higher burden and cared for a relative more affected by their dementia. After one year, their QoL declined, more for male than female, while their level of depressive feelings, distress and level of EOI remained unchanged.ConclusionThe study revealed that except for depressive feelings, female and male caregivers faced their caring experience, differently. The implication of these findings is that gender must be considered when planning for interventions. While female caregivers might need more time for leisure activities, male caregivers need ways to deal with their emotional relationship with their care receivers. Treatment of their depressive feelings seems to be crucial. They would also need approaches specifically targeting the different stages as dementia develop.
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29

Montero, Mª Pilar, Mª Rosario López-Giménez, Paula Acevedo, and Ana I. Mora. "Healthy aging: gender and lifecourse perspective cycle." European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 5, no. 1 (June 15, 2014): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1989/ejihpe.v1i1.90.

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Objective: To identify biocultural and social factors acting at different stages of lifecourse, involved in the form of aging in women and men over 65 years. Material and Methods: The sample consists of 213 individuals; mean age was 73.9 years (std=5.8) for women and 74.8 (std=6.6) for men. Data were collected in Cultural and Leisure Centers in the Community of Madrid. Healthy aging (created from the number of diagnosed diseases, perceived health, life satisfaction, hearing and oral status) was considered as the dependent variable. The independent variables considered in this study were age, sex, educational level, sitting height, spam, age at first maternity and the total number of children. Linear multiple regression models were used for statistical analysis. Results: Healthy aging was negatively associated with age and positively with the sitting height in men. In women, healthy aging was positively associated with years of education, when age at first motherhood is included in the model, this in the only variable remaining with a significant effect. Conclusions: There are several factors acting across the life of men and women and that affect differently the way women and men get old.
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Montero, Mª Pilar, Mª Rosario López-Giménez, Paula Acevedo, and Ana I. Mora. "Healthy aging: gender and lifecourse perspective cycle." European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 5, no. 1 (June 15, 2014): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe5010006.

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Objective: To identify biocultural and social factors acting at different stages of lifecourse, involved in the form of aging in women and men over 65 years. Material and Methods: The sample consists of 213 individuals; mean age was 73.9 years (std=5.8) for women and 74.8 (std=6.6) for men. Data were collected in Cultural and Leisure Centers in the Community of Madrid. Healthy aging (created from the number of diagnosed diseases, perceived health, life satisfaction, hearing and oral status) was considered as the dependent variable. The independent variables considered in this study were age, sex, educational level, sitting height, spam, age at first maternity and the total number of children. Linear multiple regression models were used for statistical analysis. Results: Healthy aging was negatively associated with age and positively with the sitting height in men. In women, healthy aging was positively associated with years of education, when age at first motherhood is included in the model, this in the only variable remaining with a significant effect. Conclusions: There are several factors acting across the life of men and women and that affect differently the way women and men get old.
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Huma, Zill-e., and Fakharul Huda Siddiqui. "GENDER DIFFERENCES IN RECOVERY AND QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS IN KARACHI." Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 57, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/jssh.v57i1.100.

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The present study is aim to discuss the gender differences in recovery and Quality of life among schizophrenic patients of Asghar Psychiatric hospital Karachi. A sample of 70 patients including male (n=39) and female (n=31) was selected. Only patients with schizophrenia in recovery were selected in study purpose. Purposive sampling method was used to select the sample. All patients were screened using Demographic sheets, RAS-DS (Recovery Assessment scale- Domains and stages)and WHOQOL-BRIEF (WHO Quality of life Scale) to be administered to the sample. The result of the study indicated that significant differences of recovery score among male and female respondents were found. Female patients were higher scores of recovery with regards to all domains of RAS-DS and the males showed significantly better quality of life with regards to all domains: Physical health (88%), Psychological health (82%), Environment (89%) and Social relations (69%) than females.
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Germain, Carel B. "Emerging Conceptions of Family Development over the Life Course." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 75, no. 5 (May 1994): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438949407500501.

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Life-cycle models assume universal, fixed, sequential stages of individual and family development and thus ignore the diversity of people, social and physical environments, and culture. The author proposes a new, interdisciplinary life-course model of development based on the concept of nonuniform pathways of development. This model incorporates new family forms, human diversity (race, ethnicity, culture, gender, sexual orientation, and physical/mental states), and environmental diversity (economic, political, social). The model includes temporal orientations (historic, individual, and social time) to examine the influence of life transitions, life events, and other life issues on family development and transformations over time. A case example is provided.
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Pelegrini, Andreia, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Herton Xavier Corseuil, João Marcos Ferreira de Lima Silva, and Edio Luiz Petroski. "Stages of change in physical activity-related behavior in adolescents from a Brazilian state capital." Motriz: Revista de Educação Física 19, no. 4 (December 2013): 770–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-65742013000400015.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the stages of change in physical activity-related behavior (EMCRAF) and their association with gender and age. A total of 1108 high school students of both sexes, from Florianópolis, State of Santa Catarina, took part in this study. A questionnaire was used to assess EMCRAF. A higher proportion of boys were in the maintenance stage (48.1%) and a higher proportion of girls were in contemplation (24.7%) and pre-contemplation (6.4%) stages. Gender factor male and age range 17-18 were protective factors, which increased the likelihood of physically active behavior. Girls aged 17-18 were twice as likely to be in the contemplation stage than boys. It is important to expand knowledge about EMCRAF in adolescents and their associations with gender and age because a considerable number of behaviors established during this period of life can last into adulthood.
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Paludi, Michele A. "Teaching the Psychology of Gender Roles: Some Life-Stage Considerations." Teaching of Psychology 13, no. 3 (October 1986): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top1303_8.

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This article presents the argument that instructors of courses in the psychology of gender roles need to address the life-stage concerns of participants in their classes. Examples of films, topics, and popular books with a developmental emphasis are presented.
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Morimoto, Shauna A. "Emerging Adulthood: An Intersectional Examination of the Changing Life Course." Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej 15, no. 4 (November 30, 2019): 14–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8069.15.4.02.

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This article draws on qualitative data of U.S. high school students considering their place in the adult world; the purpose is to investigate Jeffrey Arnett’s (2000) concept of “emerging adulthood” as a new stage of life course. Drawing on interviews and observational data collected around the time when Arnett’s notion of emerging adulthood started to take hold, I use intersectional interpretive lens in order to highlight how race and gender construct emerging adulthood as high school students move out of adolescence. I consider Arnett’s thesis twofold. First, when emerging adulthood is examined intersectionally, young people reveal that – rather than being distinct periods that can simply be prolonged, delayed, or even reached – life stages are fluid and constantly in flux. Second, since efforts to mitigate against uncertain futures characterizes the Millennial generation, I argue that the process of guarding against uncertainty reorders, questions or reconfigures the characteristics and stages that conventionally serve as markers of life course. I conclude that the identity exploration, indecision, and insecurity associated with emerging adulthood can also be understood as related to how the youth reveal and reshape the life course intersectionally.
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KULIK, LIAT. "Marital relations in late adulthood, throughout the retirement process." Ageing and Society 21, no. 4 (July 2001): 447–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x01008273.

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The study investigated marital relations among a sample of 569 Israeli participants at three stages of late adulthood: remote pre-retirement (seven to ten years prior to retirement), near-retirement (up to two years prior to retirement), and post-retirement (up to two years after retirement). The following variables were examined: spousal resources, marital power relations, quality of marriage, and division of household tasks. The study attempted to determine whether there were differences in marital relations during the three life stages, and whether those differences were evident for men and women. The findings reveal that for both men and women, marital relations were more intensive in remote pre-retirement than in the two subsequent stages. In addition, division of feminine household tasks was found to be more egalitarian at later stages of marital life. However, similarities were revealed in most aspects of power relations as well as in spousal resources and performance of masculine household tasks during the three life stages examined. Several gender-based differences were also noted in all three stages. Specifically, the men tended to report an advantage in financial and social resources, as well as in emotional hardiness. With respect to power relations, the men also showed a greater tendency to make major decisions, whereas the women tended to make minor decisions and contributed more toward strengthening the family.
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Bracke, Piet, Wendy Christiaens, and Naomi Wauterickx. "The Pivotal Role of Women in Informal Care." Journal of Family Issues 29, no. 10 (February 28, 2008): 1348–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x08316115.

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Supporting and caring for each other are crucial parts of the social tissue that binds people together. In these networks, men and women hold different positions: Women more often care more for others, listen more to the problems of others, and, as kin keepers, hold families together. Is this true for all life stages? And are social conditions, among other things bound to the organization of work and family, an essential explanation of these differences? Data from the sixth wave (1997) of the Panel Study of Belgian Households allow us to answer these questions. The results show that women are the glue holding social relations together. They play a central role as friends, daughters, sisters, mothers, and grandmothers throughout all stages of the life course. Similar life commitments do not reduce these gender differences but instead emphasize them even further.
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Kulik, Liat. "Work–home conflict, antecedents and outcomes: a life-stage perspective among working parents." Career Development International 24, no. 3 (June 10, 2019): 257–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-06-2018-0177.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine differences in work interferes with family (WIF) and family interferes with work (FIW) conflicts, their antecedents and their outcomes throughout the parenting life cycle. The following parenting stages were compared: parenthood to preschool-age children, parenthood to school-age children, parenthood to adolescents, parenthood to offspring at the launching stage and parenthood to offspring at the empty-nest stage. Design/methodology/approach The sample included 549 working parents in Israel (270 fathers and 279 mothers). The criterion for inclusion was fulfilling the dual roles of parent and paid worker. The research questionnaires were distributed in workplaces in diverse organizations: high-tech companies, government ministries, factories and business organizations. Findings Levels of WIF and FIW conflicts are highest during the early parenthood stages. Overload peaks during parenthood to adolescents and during the empty-nest stage. The later stages in the parenting life cycle (the launching and empty-nest stages) benefit parents: WIF and FIW conflicts are relatively low, mental well-being is relatively high and the number of roles that parents perform is higher than in earlier stages. Along the entire parenting life cycle, fathers experience higher levels of WIF conflict than mothers, but no gender differences were found in FIW conflict. Practical implications Public policy should encourage employers to develop a family-friendly approach and consider the needs of both parents, based on the understanding that in addition to being breadwinners, fathers and mothers today both participate in housework and in raising children. Originality/value From a theoretical perspective, the research conclusions may provide understandings for how to integrate the parental stage as a key variable in theorizing about the experience of stressors in the work–home interface.
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Turner, Timothy A. "Executing Calyphas: Gender, Discipline, and Sovereignty in 2 Tamburlaine." Explorations in Renaissance Culture 44, no. 2 (November 28, 2018): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23526963-04402001.

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This essay situates the execution of Calyphas in 2 Tamburlaine in the context of the gendered disciplinary regimes imposed by Tamburlaine in his quest for global empire. The execution bears a double significance: a father disciplines his son and, simultaneously, a sovereign military commander exercises martial law. In this doubling, the episode fuses a number of related issues in the history of sovereignty, especially key concepts addressed in Michel Foucault’s The History of Sexuality and later taken up by Giorgio Agamben in works such as Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. By putting these historical models into dialogue with a revised account of the play’s source materials, this essay argues that Marlowe stages the violence embedded in both absolutist and republican models of governance when they are premised on the rigid enforcement of hierarchical disciplinary regimes.
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Predoi-Cross, Adriana. "Inclusive mentoring and leadership, and the many roads to success." Canadian Journal of Physics 98, no. 6 (June 2020): ix—xvii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2019-0291.

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This paper discusses recent approaches to gender-inclusive mentoring and leadership at different stages of one’s professional life. We will discuss life scenarios where mentoring makes a difference, different types of mentoring, how to find a mentor, roles and expectations of mentors and mentees, mentoring events, and challenges in the mentoring process. We will outline the importance of leadership activities in the professional development of young professionals. Traits of good leaders, leadership strategies, and lessons learned from good leadership examples, will be presented. Last, we will discuss different ways of defining and achieving success in professional life and beyond.
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41

Brodaty, Henry, Katrin Seeher, and Louisa Gibson. "Dementia time to death: a systematic literature review on survival time and years of life lost in people with dementia." International Psychogeriatrics 24, no. 7 (February 13, 2012): 1034–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610211002924.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Life expectancy with dementia directly influences rates of prevalence and service needs and is a common question posed by families and patients. As well as years of survival, it is useful to consider years of life lost after a diagnosis of dementia.Methods: We systematically reviewed the literature on mortality and survival with dementia which were compared to estimated life expectancies in the general population. Both were then compared by age (under 65 years vs. 65+ years), gender, dementia type, severity, and two epochs (prior to and after introduction of cholinesterase inhibitors in 1997).Results: Survival after a diagnosis of dementia varies considerably and depends on numerous factors and their complex interaction. Relative loss of life expectancy decreases with age at diagnosis across varying gender, dementia subtypes (except for frontotemporal dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies), and severity stages. Numerous study deficiencies precluded a meta-analysis of survival in dementia.Conclusion: Estimates of years of life lost through dementia may be helpful for patients and their families. Recommendations for future research methods are proposed.
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Hoskins, Kayla M., and Jennifer E. Cobbina. "It Depends on the Situation: Women’s Identity Transformation in Prison, Jail, and Substance Abuse Treatment Settings." Feminist Criminology 15, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 340–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085119878268.

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Scholars have examined women’s identity development in prisons. Less is known if and how identity development affects women in different stages of the correctional system. This study applies narrative identity theory, cognitive transformation theory, and literature on pains of imprisonment to 118 women’s life-story narratives to explore identity change in prisons, jails, and substance abuse treatment. Qualitative analysis revealed noteworthy situational differences in the prevalence and nature of identity transformations. Women typically associated substance abuse treatment experiences with positive development, whereas prisons and jails were generally associated with harm to identity. Implications for correctional policy and practice are discussed.
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Lewis, Karen Gail. "A Life Stage Model Should Include Single Women." Journal of Feminist Family Therapy 10, no. 2 (December 24, 1998): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j086v10n02_01.

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Kaplan, Howard B., and Shaheen Halim. "Aggression and self-derogation: Moderating influences of gender, race/ethnicity, and stage in the life course." Advances in Life Course Research 5 (January 2000): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1040-2608(00)80004-0.

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Pustulka, Paula, Justyna Bell, and Agnieszka Trąbka. "Questionable Insiders: Changing Positionalities of Interviewers throughout Stages of Migration Research." Field Methods 31, no. 3 (April 11, 2019): 241–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1525822x19839368.

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This article addresses methodological issues related to the consequences of researchers’ range of insider identities that emerge over the course of completing subsequent stages of qualitative migration research projects. Taking on a temporal approach to the insider status evolving over the course of field entry, data collection, data analysis, and dissemination, this article engages with nuanced insider positionalities. These range from apparent, to trespassing, to distanced, and to ambassadorial insiderness. Exploring a specific case of Polish mobility, this article assumes a methodological focus and argues that being “on the inside” of the migration research field may go beyond gender, ethnicity, and social status when it is linked to a project’s life cycle.
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Jessop, Nicola. "Occupational Therapy with a Male-to-Female Transsexual: A Case Study." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 56, no. 9 (September 1993): 322–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802269305600903.

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A transsexual's performance in the chosen gender role can be seen in the context of functional performance of life skills, and should thus potentially be improved with appropriate occupational therapy. A detailed case study is used to illustrate the application of occupational therapy assessment and treatment with one such person, a young male-to-female transsexual in the very early stages of the lengthy pre-surgery assessment phase.
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Tashimova, F. S., A. R. Rizulla, and A. R. Soltanbekova. "PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF REPRESENTATION OF FATHER AND MOTHER AS THE BASIS FOR OVERCOMING LIFE DIFFICULTIES." BULLETIN Series Psychology 65, no. 4 (December 22, 2020): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-4.1728-7847.24.

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The problem of overcoming life's difficulties is one of the most actual problems of psychology. In this regard, one of the significant factors that determine success is the peculiarities of the representation of the father and mother as the first human communities, whose values and strategies permeate almost the entire system of human relations with the world. A great contribution to the analysis of this problem was made by the psychoanalytic direction, which considers parents as a "window to the world", providing a painless overcoming of problems at different stages of psychosexual development, the development of a" grandiose Self " that believes in its own potential for perfection and overcoming. Special significance, along with the mother in the early stages, is given to the father, the measure of identification with which affects both the development of a sublimating, overcoming personality, and co-dependent, with violations of gender-role identity (homosexuality) of a person. Positive representation of the father and mother is the basis for productive coping methods. Negative representation of parents is self-doubt, increased anxiety, unproductive coping strategies, reaching its extreme expressions-parricide
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McDonald, Paula K. "How ‘flexible’ are careers in the anticipated life course of young people?" Human Relations 71, no. 1 (May 11, 2017): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726717699053.

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Bridging literature that addresses the work–family interface and the changing nature of careers, this article examines, from a life course perspective, the extent to which, and why, young people anticipate careers as ‘flexible’. Drawing on 123 interviews with men and women engaged in different post-secondary education pathways in Australia, the study draws attention to the role of gender and to some extent class in shaping careers in a network of social relations. Three dimensions of flexible careers are examined: temporal, that is, through imagined possibilities in various stages of early adulthood; structural, including opportunities and constraints afforded by different industry sectors and workplaces; and relational, in terms of household-level role negotiations. The findings revealed that women continue to adapt their career goals to accommodate care, but that both men’s and women’s careers are shaped by contingencies including household income, home ownership, access to flexible work and ideological expectations of market/family work roles. These contextual dynamics directly impact on decisions in the present. The article underscores the need for an expanded research focus on work and care from a life course perspective in order to promote career flexibility in ways that align with young people’s broader aspirations for gender equality.
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Vanhoutte, Bram, and James Nazroo. "Cognitive, Affective and Eudemonic Well-Being in Later Life: Measurement Equivalence over Gender and Life Stage." Sociological Research Online 19, no. 2 (May 2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.3241.

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Bodner, Ehud, Yoav S. Bergman, and Sara Cohen-Fridel. "Different dimensions of ageist attitudes among men and women: a multigenerational perspective." International Psychogeriatrics 24, no. 6 (February 7, 2012): 895–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610211002936.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Ageism, a form of prejudice in which one relates negatively to people due to their age, exists throughout life. However, no attempt has been made to compare ageist attitudes across the life cycle, from young adulthood to old age. Consequently, the current study examined age and gender differences in ageism throughout adulthood.Methods: 955 Israeli participants (age range: 18–98 years) were divided into three age-groups: young (18–39), middle-aged (40–67), and old (68–98), and were administered the Fraboni Scale of Ageism. Age and gender differences were examined both for the three groups and for subgroups within the older adult cohort.Results: Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that middle-aged participants were significantly more ageist than younger and older groups. Across all age groups, men exhibited more avoidance and stereotypical attitudes toward older adults than women. Among the old age group, participants aged 81–98 held more ageist stereotypes and reported more avoidance of older adults than those aged 68–73. Within the older adult cohort, gender was a significant predictor for ageist attitudes among those aged 68–73 and 81–98, but not for people aged 74–80.Conclusions: Ageism demonstrates a changing pattern across the life span. While gender differences remain stable, ageist attitudes toward growing old as we age ourselves are constantly changing. In order to gain a better understanding of ageism as a general and global phenomenon, we need to consider the role of such attitudes in different stages of life.
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