Dissertations / Theses: 'Gender-based violence'

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Bishop, Julia. "Gender-based violence and gender stereotyping in international law." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12671.

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As Rashida Manjoo, the UN Special Rapporteur on violence against women, suggests, women who are empowered “understand that they are not destined to subordination and violence; they resist oppression; and they develop their capabilities as autonomous beings and they increasingly question the terms of their existence in both public and private spheres.” By altering stereotypes and empowering women, GBV could be prevented from occurring in the first place, and discrimination and inequality could be mitigated or, hopefully, eradicated. Women’s human rights, and women in general, have been consistently marginalized in international and regional binding documents. This, in many ways, is a product of the stereotype that women are less important than men, and that their rights should therefore be accorded less significance – a twisted logic that only leads to women being further marginalized. The hypothesis of this dissertation is that in order to eradicate GBV in times of so-called peace, it is essential that discriminatory stereotypes of women be altered. This dissertation will examine stereotyping as an underlying cause of GBV, and whether the international and regional normative frameworks provide sufficient protections for women in regards to GBV. There will also be discussion about whether or not States comply with the obligations that do exist, and how States have (or have not) altered the behaviours and attitudes which characterize a stereotyped view of gender roles.

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Wolf, Birgit. ""Shaping the visual" of gender based violence." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129680.

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Si tenemos en cuenta todos los esfuerzos realizados para resolver el generalizado fenómeno social de la violencia contra las mujeres, hemos de considerar que la información, el aumento de la concienciación sobre este tema y el rol de los medios de comunicación constituyen los puntos clave de las más importantes convenciones y declaraciones internacionales para erradicar la violencia contra las mujeres. Desde 1970, los movimientos de mujeres en contra de la violencia, han hecho contribuciones esenciales para que se reconozca que la violencia contra las mujeres constituye una violación de los derechos humanos esenciales, y es uno de los puntales básicos en el campo de la prevención de la violencia y de la toma de conciencia sobre estos aspectos. Por tanto, las respectivas iniciativas que se han ido tomando, incluyendo las que se componen de material audiovisual, son de una gran importancia, más si tenemos en cuenta que para la población europea, la televisión es la fuente más importante de información sobre violencia doméstica contra las mujeres. Además, la misma violencia de género es también la forma más frecuente de violencia contra las mujeres en Europa (European Commission, 2010a). Si miramos las representaciones en los medios de comunicación, podemos observar como diferentes programas y formatos muestran una narratividad visual similar que se basa en clichés e imaginarios sociales sobre la violencia doméstica, mientras que la naturaleza sistemática del problema permanece oculta (Bonilla Campos 2008; Boyle 2005; Geiger 2008; Lopez Diez 2005, Taylor 2009). Consecuentemente, existe una falta de claridad en el discurso mediático audiovisual que no permite la comprensión de la complexidad social de la violencia doméstica de los hombres contra las mujeres. Por lo tanto, la representación visual de la violencia de género es una muestra crucial de la creación discursiva de significado social, que surge de las iniciativas que pretenden acabar con este fenómeno social, así como de una práctica discursiva en curso y bastante cliché en los medios de comunicación. Así, las imágenes difundidas por los movimientos de mujeres en contra de la violencia, constituyen el objeto de estudio principal de esta tesis doctoral. Se analiza el material audiovisual proporcionado por los movimientos anti-violencia con el propósito de conocer las supuestas representaciones alternativas que se forman como una réplica a la mirada ‘malestream’ de los medios de comunicación sobre este tema. Reconociendo la dimensión simbólica, estructural y directa de la violencia de género y partiendo de una perspectiva feminista, se analizarán las contribuciones del discurso del material audiovisual producido por las iniciativas “anti-violencia” en un periodo de cinco años (2007-2011) a nivel Europeo, y específicamente en Austria y España. Como la transposición de la complejidad, las raíces sociales y los contextos de la violencia de género en la pareja constituyen una tarea bastante ambigua, el análisis pretende revelar como las iniciativas anti-violentas dan forma a los aspectos sociales de la violencia de género de los hombres contra las mujeres, permiten identificar casos de buenas prácticas y descubren el significado subyacente de los conceptos ideológicos que se encuentra en sus materiales.
Si tenemos en cuenta todos los esfuerzos realizados para resolver el generalizado fenómeno social de la violencia contra las mujeres, hemos de considerar que la información, el aumento de la concienciación sobre este tema y el rol de los medios de comunicación constituyen los puntos clave de las más importantes convenciones y declaraciones internacionales para erradicar la violencia contra las mujeres. Desde 1970, los movimientos de mujeres en contra de la violencia, han hecho contribuciones esenciales para que se reconozca que la violencia contra las mujeres constituye una violación de los derechos humanos esenciales, y es uno de los puntales básicos en el campo de la prevención de la violencia y de la toma de conciencia sobre estos aspectos. Por tanto, las respectivas iniciativas que se han ido tomando, incluyendo las que se componen de material audiovisual, son de una gran importancia, más si tenemos en cuenta que para la población europea, la televisión es la fuente más importante de información sobre violencia doméstica contra las mujeres. Además, la misma violencia de género es también la forma más frecuente de violencia contra las mujeres en Europa (European Commission, 2010a). Si miramos las representaciones en los medios de comunicación, podemos observar como diferentes programas y formatos muestran una narratividad visual similar que se basa en clichés e imaginarios sociales sobre la violencia doméstica, mientras que la naturaleza sistemática del problema permanece oculta (Bonilla Campos 2008; Boyle 2005; Geiger 2008; Lopez Diez 2005, Taylor 2009). Consecuentemente, existe una falta de claridad en el discurso mediático audiovisual que no permite la comprensión de la complexidad social de la violencia doméstica de los hombres contra las mujeres. Por lo tanto, la representación visual de la violencia de género es una muestra crucial de la creación discursiva de significado social, que surge de las iniciativas que pretenden acabar con este fenómeno social, así como de una práctica discursiva en curso y bastante cliché en los medios de comunicación. Así, las imágenes difundidas por los movimientos de mujeres en contra de la violencia, constituyen el objeto de estudio principal de esta tesis doctoral. Se analiza el material audiovisual proporcionado por los movimientos anti-violencia con el propósito de conocer las supuestas representaciones alternativas que se forman como una réplica a la mirada ‘malestream’ de los medios de comunicación sobre este tema. Reconociendo la dimensión simbólica, estructural y directa de la violencia de género y partiendo de una perspectiva feminista, se analizarán las contribuciones del discurso del material audiovisual producido por las iniciativas “anti-violencia” en un periodo de cinco años (2007-2011) a nivel Europeo, y específicamente en Austria y España. Como la transposición de la complejidad, las raíces sociales y los contextos de la violencia de género en la pareja constituyen una tarea bastante ambigua, el análisis pretende revelar como las iniciativas anti-violentas dan forma a los aspectos sociales de la violencia de género de los hombres contra las mujeres, permiten identificar casos de buenas prácticas y descubren el significado subyacente de los conceptos ideológicos que se encuentra en sus materiales.
Considering the efforts to resolve the widespread societal phenomenon violence against women, information, awareness raising and the role of the media comprise one of the key targets by the most important conventions and declarations to overcome violence against women. The women’s anti-violence movement since the 1970s has made essential contributions to the recognition of violence against women as a human rights violation, and is a crucial player in the field of violence prevention and awareness raising issues. Therefore the respective initiatives including the audio-visual material is of major importance, even more so as among the Europeans television counts for the most important source of information about domestic violence against women, the most frequent form violence against women (European Commission, 2010). Looking at the media representations in general, we can observe how different programmes and formats are depicting rather similar (visual) narratives of clichéd imagination on intimate partner violence, whereas the systemic nature of the problem mostly remains hidden (Bonilla Campos 2008; Boyle 2005; Geiger 2008; Lopez Diéz 2005; Taylor 2009). Subsequently, there is a lack of clarity within audio-visual media discourse enabling the comprehension of the social complexity of male-to-female intimate partner violence. Therefore, the visual of gender-based violence constitutes a crucial account of discursively created social meaning, emerging from the initiatives to overcome the societal phenomenon as well as from an ongoing and rather clichéd discursive practice in the media. Accordingly, the imagery disseminated by the players of the women’s anti-violence movement constitutes the core object of this PhD thesis, by analysing visual material provided by the anti-violence movement to obtain insights about the supposed alternative representations appropriate for contrasting the ‘malestream’ gaze of the media on the subject. Recognising the direct, structural and symbolic dimensions of gender-based violence and applying a feminist and dispositive perspective, the contributions to visual discourse through the audio-visual material of anti-violence initiatives will be examined in a five years time period from 2007 to 2011 on the European level, as well as on the country level of Austria and Spain. As the transposition of the complexity, the social roots and contexts of intimate partner violence constitutes a rather ambiguous undertaking, the analysis aims to disclose how anti-violence initiatives shape the social accounts of male-to-female partner violence, identify good practice examples and underlying ideological concepts enclosed in their material.Wolf, Birgit. 2013. 'Shaping the visual' of gender-based violence. How visual discourse on intimate partner violence and Europeananti-violence initiatives construct accounts of the social world PhD thesis. Barcelona (Spain): Autonomous University of BarcelonaCopyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author (gender.visual@gmail.com). The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given.

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Akgul, F. "Patriarchal theory reconsidered : torture and gender based violence in Turkey." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2016. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/9z94z/patriarchal-theory-reconsidered-torture-and-gender-based-violence-in-turkey.

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Gender theory in general, and patriarchal theory in particular, have been explored in this research to describe the procedures, processes, norms, values and, most importantly, structures that define the subject. Patriarchal theory mostly perceives men as the abusers and women as the abused. However, the nuances and particularities of these oppressive structures have not been explored in detail. In this research, the reader is introduced to the various manifestations of how being privileged and underprivileged is constructed. This research focuses on processes and structures and it mostly explores alternative approaches towards political sociology and its intersection with gender theory. The thesis adopts a multi-level analysis that involves the different manifestations of the ruler-subject binary at the societal and interpersonal levels of analysis. The so-called private and public spheres with their fluid identities have been analyzed after descriptions of internal mechanisms reproducing the social construction of oppression are understood. Similarities between analysis concerned with the household and the public sphere reflects on how binaries such as the masculine and feminine, and the ruler and the subject, reproduce, mirror and reinforce one another. This research, therefore, focuses on structural and systematic ways of reproducing patriarchy as a system that affects the society in an inclusive way. This required and understanding of norms and values that have been analyzed as a reflection of processes that accommodate oppression. The intersection of these processes has led the author to argue that ‘women are to men, what the citizen is for the state, in the context of Turkey’. The feminization of the male political subject has been argued after presenting three chapters that represent my original contribution to knowledge. Through utilizing interviews conducted by other scholars, I initially analyzed male and female statements on domestic violence in Turkey. Second, I analyzed written texts, including official documents, which inform the reader of state officials’ views on gender inequality. Third, I have analyzed the relationship between the state and the citizen through the research I conducted, on police violence during the Gezi Park protests and other interviews include the research conducted with feminist and human rights laywers. The similarities between the manner, processes and values between the male and female (as well as the ruler and the subject) led to a discussion that the male political subject is simultaneously masculine and feminine. The feminization of the male political subject represented an alignment between two spheres that reinforce one another, through mirroring the public and the private. These two systems created a contradiction within the subject often leading him to over-compensate his damage. Therefore, patriarchal relativity was introduced to discuss a perspective on over-compensation amongst subjects and agents that coincide and conflate within vertical patriarchy. Accordingly, new concepts of patriarchy were needed to capture the nuances within a system that defines the subject at macro and micro levels. Throughout this research, the contributions produced by scholars during the past forty years over debates on patriarchal theory have been reproduced to a great extent. This research has utilized a multi-level analysis through comparisons made by references to metaphors. Metaphoric reproduction is a rare approach within patriarchal theory, often different to utilizing a single theoretical framework. The employment of semi-structured and unstructured interviews with additional content analysis substantiates the author’s subjectivity. This subjectivity reflects a feminist understanding of politics, political sociology, philosophy, and gender theory. As a result, political structures, processes, privilege, and vulnerability have been explored with a view understanding and empowering the marginalized.

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Bjornberg, Karin. "Rethinking human security : taking into consideration gender based violence." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71706.

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ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The human security concept challenges the traditional view of state security. The very essence of human security means to respect human rights. The Commission on Human Security did not focus on women as a special area of concern in the 1994 Human Development Report. The report does not recognise that being subject to gender hierarchies increases women’s insecurity and that women experience human security differently from men and shows that the human security concept does not include gender based violence (GBV) because there is no specific attention paid to issues that predominantly pertain to women. This study is conducted from a feminist perspective. It is reflexive research and based on standpoint theory. The data is gathered through analysis of secondary data and primary data, collected through interviews. GBV in South Africa tends to be continuous and the perpetrator is most likely to be a spouse or partner. Studies show that women are seen as being dependent on and weaker than men. Many men view women’s rights legislation as a challenge to the legitimacy of men’s authority over women. Women who try to be more independent in their relationships are regarded as threats and violence against them becomes a way for men to show control. The criminal justice system in South Africa has made progress in protecting women from GBV but myths, stereotypes and social conventions still prevent women from receiving justice. Traditionally, the state regards what happens in the private sphere as outside its responsibility. The public/private dichotomy challenges state regulations and norms which is evident in the case of domestic violence. It is often argued that GBV has remained imperceptible because it takes place in the private sphere. However, this research indicates that due to the socio-economic situation in South Africa, the abuse is often publicly known by those in the immediate environment as people live in informal housing. This research shows that a human security framework that targets GBV has to be developed for those who bear its consequences. When women are not viewed as subjects, issues that mainly affect them remain invisible. It is necessary that analysis of human insecurity starts from the conditions of women’s lives. Many women in South Africa live highly traumatic lives. Fighting GBV requires that we know the victims of GBV and let them decide what they need to feel secure. Creating human security requires that other threats which contribute to GBV, such as poverty, gender stereotypes and prejudice are also addressed. GBV has become an epidemic in South Africa and is a permanent constraint in women’s lives and impacts society as a whole. The security of the state rest on the security of women and as long as the state fails to treat GBV as a serious crime and protect women the state is more likely to use violence on a larger scale against its citizens.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Menslike Veiligheidskonsept daag die tradisionele siening van staatsveiligheid uit: die kerbetekenis van Menslike Veiligheid is om menseregte te respekteer. Die Kommissie op Menslike Veiligheid het nie op vroue as ‘n spesiale area van kommer gefokus in die Menslike Ontwikkelingsverslag van 1994 nie. Die verslag het daarin gefaal om te erken dat die realiteit van geslags-hiërargieë vroue se insekuriteit verhoog, en dat die ervaring van menslike sekuriteit van mans en vroue verskil. Hierdie navorsing sal toon dat die menslike veiligheidsbegrip nie in staat is om geslags-gebaseerde geweld (GGG) in ag te neem nie, aangesien daar geen spesifieke aandag verleen is aan vraagstukke wat hoofsaaklik op vroue betrekking het nie. Hierdie studie is vanuit 'n feministiese perspektief gedoen. Die navorsing is reflektief en op standpunt-teorie gebaseer. Die data is deur die analise van sekondêre data, asook die gebruik van primêre data i deur middel van onderhoude ingesamel . GGG in Suid-Afrika is geneig om oor ‘n uitgerekte tydperk plaas te vind en die mees waarskynlike oortreders is ‘n eggenoot of lewensmaat. Navorsing toon dat gemeenskappe geneig is om vroue as swakker en afhanlik van mans te sien. Wetgewing op die regte van vroue word deur vele mans as ‘n uidaging van hul legitieme superioriteit, ten op sigte van vroue, gesien. Vroue wat dus onafhanklikheid in hul verhoudings probeer uitoefen, word as bedreigings gesien en geweld word gebruik om hulle “in hul plek te hou”. Die Suid-Afrikaanse kriminele regstelsel het al vordering gemaak in terme van die beskerming van vroue teen GGG, maar mites, stereotipes en sosiale konvensies belemmer steeds die volle gang van die gereg. Die staat het in die verlede die private sfeer as buite sy jurisdiksie gesien. Die openbare/private sfeer digotomie bied uitdagings vir staatsregulering en vir die implementering van regulasies , en dit word veral duidelik in die geval van huishoudelike geweld. Daar word aangevoer dat aangesien GGG in die private sfeer plaasvind, dit onsigbaar bly. Hierdie navorsing het egter bevind dat GGG in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks dikwels in die openbare gemeenskapsfeer (deur diegene in die onmiddelike omgewing) opgemerk word, omdat baie mense in Suid-Afrika informele nedersettings woon.Hierdie navorsing het verder bevind dat ‘n GGG raamwerk vir menslike veiligheid ontwikkel moet word wat diegene wat die gevolge van GGG dra insluit. Indien vroue nie spesifiek as navorsingssubjekte geag word nie, bly faktore wat hulle spesifiek beïnvloed onsigbaar. Dit is belangrik dat analise van menslike insekuriteit begin om die omstandighede van vrouens se lewens in ag te neem. Vroue in Suid-Afrika leef in hoogs traumatiese omstandighede. In die bestryding van GGG is dit belangrik dat die slagoffers van GGG in ag geneem word en dat dit hulle toelaat om dit duidelik te maak wat hulle onveilig laat voel. Die skep van menslike veiligheid vereis dat bedreigings wat bydra tot GGG, naamlik armoede, geslagstereotipes en vooroordeel , ook aangespreek word. GGG in Suid-Afrika het ‘n epidemie geword, en plaas ‘n permanente beperking op vroue se lewens. Dit het ook ‘n blywende impak op die samelewing as ‘n geheel. Die veiligheid van die staat rus op die veiligheid van vroue. Solank as wat die staat versuim om GGG te bekamp en as ‘n ernstigge misdaad te erken, en vroue nie die beskerming van die staat geniet nie, is daar ‘n hoër moontlikheid vir die gebruik van geweld deur die staat teen sy eie burgers op ‘n groter skaal.

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Nordby, Linda. "Gender-based violence in the refugee camps in Cox Bazar : -A case study of Rohingya women’s and girls’ exposure to gender-based violence." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353891.

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The Rohingya, an ethnic minority group that traditionally have lived in Rakhine State, Myanmar, are facing severe structural discrimination from the Myanmar state. Rohingya women and girls have experienced horrific acts of gender-based violence from the Myanmar army in Rakhine State before they fled to Bangladesh and the refugee camps in Cox Bazar area. In these refugee camps gender-based violence continues to be widespread, much like other refugee camps in other parts of the world. Rohingya women and girls are vulnerable because of their gender, refugee status and ethnic affiliation. In addition they become even more vulnerable because family and community structures have broken down. These intersecting vulnerabilities make them exposed to gender-based violence from a number of different perpetrators. In addition these intersecting vulnerabilities lead to a lack of access to sexual and reproductive health services. Overall the humanitarian organisations operating in Cox Bazar did not manage to deliver these sexual and reproductive health services to the amount of Rohingya women and girls that needed them. Although gender-based violence was identified to be widespread in the refugee camps preventive measures were few. The unequal power relationships are identified as an underpinning reason for gender-based violence. In addition, the underlying causes of gender-based violence are connected with beliefs, norms, attitudes and structures that promote and/or tolerate gender-based discrimination and unequal power relationships.

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Piiroinen, Nadja. "Coming Together : Mechanisms behind attitude change regarding gender based violence." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-313765.

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In the field of gender based violence prevention more and more emphasis is being put on preventative efforts through attitude change. This study is the result of a minor field study in Rwanda and analyzes the mechanisms that are present during the process of attitude change. The purpose of this study is to isolate the mechanisms within this process. The study applies feminist theory and process tracing though elite interviewing. The analysis is built on 14 interviews with field officers working for the organization Rwanda Men's Resource Center as instructors on a gender based violence prevention program. It was found that attitude change is more likely when participants feel equal and not threatened, as well as when they were able to draw their own conclusions and be agents of their own ideas. Furthermore, when exposed to new ideas concretely through their personal relationship with a trainer, to their spouses, and through take-home exercises, participants gained new insights. To be successful the program required a long term commitment to the subject at hand. Ultimately, this signals that attitude change is a long and continuous process- of which lasting results can be achieved through continued reinforcement.

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Göransson, Carin. "Rejecting Violence, Reclaiming Men. : How Men's Work Against Men's Violence Challenges and Reinforces the Gender Order." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-100523.

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This study maps out and explores the reactions to and strategies of men working against men's violence against women and LGBTI people. It is based on interviews with men in gender-based violence prevention in South Africa and builds on previous research on women's organising and men's roles in feminism. It provides an analysis of dilemmas and challenges that they face and the strategies that they have developed, navigating in a feminist field and as men practising what could be seen as a challenge to the power and privileges of the social category of men. Using feminist theory and the theoretical concept “hegemony of men”, I critically interpret the potential for men to undermine men's privilege, arguing that efforts to create new masculinities reinforce the gender order and that the gendered context leaves little room for men's counter-hegemonic practices. I argue, finally, that a feminist emancipatory project is better developed by seeking identifications beyond the social category of men than within a framework of reforming masculinity.

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Mkhize, Nontobeko Mildred. "Causes of gender-based violence against women at Enseleni Community." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1595.

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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty Arts in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Masters of Arts (Community Work) in the Department of Social Work at the University of Zululand, 2017
This study is about causes of gender-based violence against women, with special reference to eNseleni community. As a descriptive research, questionnaires were used for data collection. Samples of 50 informants who are considered to be victims of gender-based violence were drawn. Literature that focuses on gender-based violence against women has been consulted and discussed. Different recommendations have been made based on the findings of the study. The findings revealed that all women respondents have experienced domestic violence in their lives. It further revealed that women are physically abused which means they are buttered while others are experiencing verbal abuse which means they are insulted by their partners, other women are sexually abused while others suffer from emotional abuse. It is also important that protection of women and their rights be observed. Women should be taught and encouraged to be self-reliant other than relying on men.

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Shabalala, Mbongeni Mfanasibili. "An investigation of the causes of gender based violence in Kwa-Nongoma area." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1345.

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A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Social Work in the Department of Social Work at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2012.
The study aimed at critically examining the causes of gender-based violence in Kwa- Nongoma. This study defines gender-based violence (GBV) as violence that is directed to a person on the basis of gender or sex. It includes acts that inflict physically, mentally, sexual harm or suffering; threats such as cohesion; and other deprivation of liberty. It also includes sexual violence, sex trafficking, forced prostitution, spousal abuse, emotional and psychological abuse, female genital mutilation, forced marriage, infanticide of female children, and discriminatory practice based on gender. For data collection purposes, the study used qualitative research method which allows researcher to interview targeted respondents. The targeted population were all people from the age of fifteen (15) to one hundred years (100). Among other things, the study revealed that the majority of respondents are aware of gender-based violence in the community. This violence includes a wide range of violations of women’s human rights, including trafficking in women and girls, rape, wife abuse, sexual abuse of children, and harmful cultural practices and traditions that irreparably damage girls and women’s reproductive and sexual health. Additionally, the results proved that the majority of GBVcase are directed towards women and girls but a few boys and men are also victims. Among other things highlighted, the respondents indicated that GBV encompasses the following forms of GBV:  Physical, sexual, and psychological violence occurring in the family, including battering, sexual exploitation, sexual abuse of children in the household, dowryrelated violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non-spousal violence, and violence related to exploitation;  Physical, sexual, and psychological violence occurring within general community, including rape; sexual abuse; sexual harassment and robbery. In order to eradicate gender-based violence, respondents revealed that there is an urgent need for government to create job opportunities in the area. For instance the respondents suggested that there is a need for a garden projects which would help minimise poverty in the area. The respondents also revealed that through the garden project, they would be in a position to grow vegetables, maize, spinach, carrots etc. which they would sell to the tourists and other people. Additionally, the respondents indicated that shortage of job opportunities in the area is seen as a threat that perpetrates gender violence in the area. The respondents suggested that there is a need for a poultry project which would help eradicate poverty in the area. The respondents also revealed in the aforementioned study, they would be in the position to rear chickens both broilers and layers. They also indicated that the poultry project would be used as a place where white meat is produced for the community as a whole.

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Mabale, Thapelo. "Lebollo and Gender-Based Violence Perceptions of Men in Lesotho." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-417752.

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Gender-based violence (GBV) has reached a state of epidemic proportion globally and in particular in Africa. There have been a few studies that have been conducted on GBV in Sub-Saharan Africa. Lesotho, situated in the heart of South Africa has one of the highest prevalence of GBV. An Ecological Framework by the WHO has divided the risk factors into individual, relationship, community and societal factors. Lebollo is overlapping with most factors but it is mainly an exclusive entity. Lebollo is the cultural circumcision of men and the most common cultural practice amongst Basotho men. Lebollo influences gender roles, normative perceptions and the behaviour of Basotho men. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of Lebollo on men’s perceptions on women beating in Lesotho. A cross-sectional study that is based on the DHS survey of Lesotho 2014 was used in this study. Basotho men, ages 15-55, with a sample size of 2921, were selected through a two-stage cluster sampling and completing a standardized questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyse the data. Lebollo was not significantly associated with weakly rejecting GBV perceptions. This was the finding after adjusting for education and socioeconomic factors, that Lebollo was significantly associated with weakly rejecting GBV perceptions. Age, religion, education, wealth and Livential area were identified to affect men’s perceptions of GBV. Most men agreed to women beating with the justification of arguing with her husband. When the Null hypothesis was considered, it was found that Lebollo does not influence the GBV perceptions of men in Lesotho. This is in view of the fact that education and wealth was found to be the strongest predictors and influenced the association between Lebollo and women beating justification (confounders). The Legal and education system of Lesotho including Lebollo needs to be restructured and monitored.

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Kou, Aune Kajsa. "Women's Empowerment and Gender-based Violence in Post-Conflict Liberia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323541.

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Previous research on empowerment of women has tried to show a correlation between empowerment and a reduction of gender-based violence. Some studies confirm that correlation and it is argued that especially economic empowerment is key to such a correlation. However, the correlation based on economic empowerment is disputed, and some scholars argue that economic empowerment is not sufficient to tackle structural issues based on power inequalities, such as gender-based violence. This study will build on the latter argument in the debate of empowerment, and will use the case of post-conflict Liberia to support this discussion. In post-conflict Liberia, significant efforts to empower women have been made and yet, high levels of gender-based violence remain. By examining two official policy documents directed toward reduction of gender-based violence and enhancement of women’s empowerment, this thesis concludes that there is a lack of recognition of gender relations structured around an unequal distribution of power, in the two documents. The study will therefore end with the argument that in order to create empowerment of women that reduce issues such as gender-based violence, strategies to enhance women’s empowerment need to account for gender relations based on power dynamics.

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Heck, Patrick T. "Communicating prevention communication approaches in gender-based violence prevention programming /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024668.

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Minisci, Elena <1993&gt. "To Break the Silence of Women. Gender-Based Violence and domestic violence: an ongoing battle." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/13101.

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La violenza di genere contro le donne e la violenza domestica sono state recentemente riconosciute dalla Convenzione del Consiglio d’Europa sulla prevenzione e la lotta contro la violenza nei confronti delle donne e la violenza domestica (Convenzione di Istanbul) come forme di violenza strutturale radicata in seno alla società contemporanea con le proprie origini in una storica disparità tra i sessi. Con questa mia tesi di laurea cercherò di indagare le origini e possibili cause che hanno portato le donne a doversi difendere oggi, come in passato,in particolare dalla violenza inflitta tra le mura domestiche. Per farlo mi avvarrò dei contributi di due generi distinti, ma assolutamente complementari, che insieme mi aiuteranno ad estendere il panorama della mia ricerca: la letteratura e il diritto. Infatti, proverò a dimostrare come entrambi abbiano trattato e trattano ancora oggi della violenza domestica contro le donne e diano un proprio contributo fondamentale, ma cercherò di far vedere come uno dei due sia arrivato “per primo”, inaugurando in un certo senso un pensiero che nel tempo ha dato spunti all’altro in questa lotta. La letterature ha infatti anticipato tante idee e azioni poi riprese dal diritto per creare strumenti internazionali e regionali che indirizzassero il problema della violenza domestica contro le donne. Infine prenderò in esame la stessa Convenzione di Istanbul e, dopo aver fatto una panoramica generale su quelli che sono stati i contributi del diritto internazionale alla lotta contro la violenza di genere dall’inizio del secolo XX, esaminerò i punti fondamentali, le novità ma anche i limiti della stessa Convenzione del Consiglio d’Europa che ci ricordano quanto ad oggi è stato fatto senza però dimenticare quanto ancora ci sia da fare per vincere una volta per tutte questa battaglia che sembra non avere fine.

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Underwood, Jennifer W. "Impacts of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment on Graduate Student Academic Functioning." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5761.

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Researchers and practitioners have increasingly focused on institutional responses to campus gender-based violence/harassment, yet they have paid far less attention to graduate student experiences than to undergraduate student experiences. Graduate students operate in a different context from undergraduates, and therefore specific knowledge of gender-based violence/harassment in the lives of graduate students is needed. The purpose of this exploratory, nonexperimental study was to better understand the prevalence of adult gender-based violence/harassment and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among graduate students, as well as to understand the relationship between those experiences and participants’ mental health and academic functioning. The study’s theoretical framework combined critical adult learning theories with cognitive perspectives on adult learning, including the neurobiology of trauma. Data used in the current study were originally collected as part of an institutional campus climate survey on gender-based violence; responses from n = 684 of the randomly selected participants were used in the current study’s analyses. Participants commonly reported both adult gender-based violence/harassment experiences and ACEs. The results of two OLS regressions indicated that experiencing more types of adult gender-based violence/harassment or more types of ACEs was associated with higher levels of negative affect and lower levels of mindfulness. Among participants who experienced gender-based violence/harassment in graduate school, independent samples t-tests showed that individuals who reported at least occasional academic functioning difficulties had lower levels of mindfulness and higher levels of negative affect than those who did not experience difficulties. Overall, the findings suggest the need for trauma-informed policies and practices within graduate education and higher education in general.

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Marchesan, Lidia <1994&gt. "Women's rights and corporate social responsibility: a case of gender-based violence." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/13863.

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The present study aims at explaining how economic globalization and human rights interact, which represents a fundamental basis in order to deeply analyse the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in relation to multinational corporations and its main implications with regard to women’s rights. The interest in the concept of corporate social responsibility arises from the major role multinational corporations started to play on an international scale as consequence of economic globalization which allowed these new business entities to gain greater economic, political influence and power but also triggered new concerns with regard to the increased scope for human rights violations within their transnational operations. Therefore, the main purpose of the study is to investigate whether existing international human rights mechanisms and corporate social responsibility standards, including both intergovernmental and corporate codes of conduct, adequately ensure the protection, the respect and the promotion of women’s rights on the part of multinational corporations. Within this framework, the effectiveness of judicial mechanisms is crucial in order to ensure legal accountability of multinational corporations in case of alleged women’s rights abuses, as it is explained in the analysis of a case of gender-based violence, namely Caal v. Hudbay Minerals Inc.

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Burn, Jessica Ashley. "Advancing the girl child movement: a potential mechanism to curtail sexual gender-based violence against women in South Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31340.

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Violence against women is not a social ill which has recently emerged, nor is it an unexplored topic in the realm of feminist academics, activists and lawyers. Yet despite streams of published articles unpacking the issue and numerous campaigns aimed at raising awareness about and combatting the prevalence of violence against women, it continues to be deeply entrenched in all factions of society. Furthermore, the idealistic society envisioned by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 has not translated into reality and the rights enshrined in the supreme law have not dissipated incidents of violence against women. With the aforesaid in mind, this paper intends to contribute to the array of solutions already developed, in order to assist in countering the most extreme manifestation of patriarchy, sexual gender-based violence against women.1 As the time-honoured saying goes, ‘prevention is better than cure’ and in the same vein, a total reliance on the legislation and the legal processes in place to deal with the aftermath of rape, sexual assault and harassment, arguably have not and will not adequately address the root causes of these crimes. Hence, this paper contemplates a mechanism to strike at the core from which sexual gender-based violence stems, that core being the psychological entrenchment of male superiority and female inferiority - in other words, gender inequality. Overlooked prejudices against girls and women need to be brought into consciousness, to address them and break them down. If gender equality is sought, then we should be encouraging children to evaluate the status quo from a younger age and prioritise their role in re-imagining a society which values and promotes equality and dignity. Accordingly, it is submitted that a potential solution may lie in children’s human rights education (HRE), specifically aimed at promoting gender equality and deconstructing patriarchal beliefs and ideas about masculinity. HRE is not a novel concept and is promoted in international treaties such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (Child Convention), and has, in fact, already been implemented in schools in South Africa in order for the post-apartheid generation of children to strive towards racial integration and societal transformation. Unfortunately, it appears that the goal of gender equality has fallen somewhat to the wayside in the formulation of these HRE programmes. It is submitted that the UDHR and the Child Convention read together with the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women and the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women, as well at the African (Banjul) Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, support the advancement of gender equality through HRE programmes. In order to explore the possibility of developing HRE programmes in schools throughout South Africa with an underlying goal of advancing gender equality, empirical research was conducted in collaboration with the non-governmental organisation, Children’s Resource Centre, based in Cape Town, which has developed a programme called the Girl Child Movement (GCM). The GCM aims to use the creative energies of girls to help build and sustain a qualitatively better world for girls and women. The goal of advancing the GCM is acutely targeted towards preventing the pain, suffering, humiliation and dehumanisation of girls and women who are subjected to incidents of sexual gender-based violence, the war on female bodies.

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Van, Der Heijden Ingrid. "Women with disabilities' experiences of gender-based violence in Cape Town, South Africa." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30374.

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Background: Little is known about violence against women with disabilities in South Africa. Given that South Africa has a high prevalence of gender-based violence (GBV), especially intimate partner violence (IPV), there is a need to highlight the violence experiences of women with disabilities within their communities, intimate partnerships, and other settings. Aims: The aim of the thesis was to investigate how South African women with disabilities experience GBV. In doing so, the study’s objectives were to highlight the nature and forms of violence they experience, the social constructions of women with disabilities’ intimate partner relationships, and the barriers and enablers to GBV support they may encounter. Methods: This thesis takes the form of a qualitative research study that was conducted with 30 women with physical and sensory disabilities, and 19 disability and GBV service providers in Cape Town, South Africa. Repeat in-depth interviews and focus groups followed a narrative approach that was used to elicit participants’ stories, perspectives and lived experiences. Thematic analysis was conducted on the data, and interpretation of the data used an intersectional framework, with an emphasis on social approaches to disability and resistance theories. Findings: Published or submitted papers included in the thesis reveal how women with disabilities in South Africa may experience additional layers of GBV because of their disability status, and consider how gender inequality, disability stigma, and disability-specific forms of abuse shape participants’ lives and experiences of violence (Paper 1). The thesis claims that, while women with disabilities are vulnerable to GBV, particularly IPV, some women have agency and are able to manage disability stigma and intimate partnerships to avoid acts of violence (Paper 2). The thesis finds that, while women with disabilities do seek help after IPV and sexual violence, they encounter unique barriers to GBV service-provision. Service providers and women with disabilities acknowledge various limitations to providing inclusive and accessible services to women with disabilities who experience violence (Paper 3). The thesis also makes a series of recommendations for undertaking ethical GBV research with women with disabilities, and argues for the need to review current ethical guidelines to facilitate future disability-inclusive GBV research (Paper 4). Conclusion: The thesis recommends that violence prevention efforts should address the role of disability stigma, facilitate economically empowering opportunities for women living with disabilities in the country, and provide a range of accessible mental health services and GBV care and support services to facilitate better intimate partnership outcomes. Strengthened pathways to violence prevention and post-violence care and support should be coordinated by both disability and GBV sectors. The thesis calls for population data to reveal the prevalence and adverse public-health outcomes of GBV against women with disabilities in South Africa and other low-middle income countries (LMICs). Future epidemiological research should include validated disability measures and measures of disability-specific forms of violence that may compound GBV. Understanding the magnitude of violence against women with disabilities is the first step in the public-health approach to GBV prevention and requires collaborative research and surveillance efforts.

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Nemeth, Julianna Maria. "Intimate Partner and/or Sexual Gender-based Violence and Smoking in Ohio Appalachia." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429731984.

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Guarnieri, Eleonora [Verfasser], and Helmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Rainer. "Essays on gender-based violence and ethnic conflict / Eleonora Guarnieri ; Betreuer: Helmut Rainer." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1238017258/34.

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Dery, Isaac. "Ghanaian men and the performance of masculinity: negotiating gender-based violence in postcolonial Ghana." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27944.

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Within contemporary scholarship on formations of gender and their connections to violences, important questions concerning the politics of masculinities arise. Leading scholars, such as Kopano Ratele, argue for African contexts to be theorized beyond frameworks developed by scholars such as Connell, Kimmel, and Messerschmidt, whose research is grounded in work outside the continent's histories. At the same time, many scholars and policy-makers share the recommendation that global goals for a sustainable world-order demand the reduction of violence, especially violence against women and girls. Masculinities scholarship has, overall, explored the meaning of violence against women for diverse masculine constituencies in much less depth than it has engaged questions of the constructions of hegemonies, the experiences of violence within men's own lives, and the impact of changing economic and political orders on constructions of masculinity. This thesis seeks to address the gap between theorization on masculinity which respects diversity and complexity and theorization on violence against women, particular intimate partner violence within marriage, which tends to imagine a homogenous perpetrator: husband. It is vitally important to investigate and contextualize the discourses of people gendered as 'men', within very specific contexts, to explore the connections made between 'becoming men' and the meaning of domestic violence in their own spaces. Of particular focus in this thesis is an interrogation of the place of domestic violence in men's social worlds. The thesis contributes to knowledge on masculinities by offering an unusually detailed set of culturally sensitive and contextual insights into the social world that is iteratively navigated by married men in a manner to gain recognition as credible, a world in which previous research has already revealed to include women's experiences of abuse, discrimination, and stigma from their husbands. The thesis uses qualitative methods to generate material from men in north-western Ghana through in-depth interviews and focus group sessions. The work takes as a useful entry point the lived experiences, language, and vernacular understandings of people who are, in twenty-first century Ghana, legally criminalized for domestic violence. While such criminalization is welcome, from diverse points of view, the research undertakes a complex qualitative search into how possible 'perpetrators' themselves construct the connection between masculinity, the contemporary socio-economic order, and violence against women, especially wives. The material is analyzed intensively through thematic discourse analysis, and the argument overall is that that violence against wives is discursively connected to how the 'states' and 'citizens' discursively construct masculinity, femininity, and the credibility of violence within a larger gender-nation battle. The analysis simultaneously reveals a dramatic distinction between the construction of violence against wives as legitimate 'correction' (something far from a criminal court) and its construction as 'abusive,' and thus potentially actionable. This distinction alone deepens an understanding of the difficulty of implementing any Domestic Violence Acts, and also leads to questions about the construction of homosociality as a zone of safety and status, one threatened by behaviour from twenty-first century wives. This thesis both confirms earlier research on masculinities and domestic violence in its clear revelation of discursive collusion between men on the appropriate forms of disciplining intimate partners, and also suggests some debate in this collusion. The overarching contribution of the research comes in its argument that the possibility of domestic violence is embedded within contemporary meanings for masculinity, wifehood, marriage and the nation.

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Wanka, Ngwetoh Nchangmum. "The interrelationships of violence - from the transnational to the domestic. Experiences of refugee women in Cape Town." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2723.

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Magister Artium (Medical Anthropology) - MA(Med Ant)
Although gender-based violence has been identified as highly problematic in South Africa, it has not been given much scholarly attention in relation to refugee women. This study focuses on the experience of some of these women who have resettled in Cape Town. The main focus is on gender-based violence and the linkages between conflicts at home, fleeing from it, as well as the problems faced by women when they reach the 'new' country where they are suppose to be safe, but yet continue to experience gender violence. By referring to my own empirical research I try to tease out the many instances of violence and abuse such women face, how they understand and try to make sense of it and how they try to take up their lives in Cape Town. I utilized the much used ecological framework to analyze gender-based violence and argue that, while this 'model' is dynamic and allows one to make analytical linkages across different 'levels' of violence, it nevertheless does not adequately provide for understanding the relationship between larger global and international processes, the connection that women may still have with their countries of origin and the impact of being a refugee or unwanted 'immigrant' in South Africa. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and participant observation. The participants were 25 and a descriptive analysis indicated that three quarter of the women have in one way or the other been abused by their husbands/partners. The findings also indicated that refugee/forced immigrant women just like any other woman in South Africa do encounter gender-based violence but other factors beyond their control has exacerbated it’s occurrence amongst them. Thus, the findings were based on ethnographic research that analyzed how forced immigrant/refugee women talk about gender-based violence.
South Africa

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Rajan, Hamsa. "Beyond the perpetrator : tackling the varied underpinnings of domestic violence on the Tibetan plateau." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d1d00a72-c242-41db-95d7-f1585d4f62fe.

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This thesis explores domestic violence (DV) on the northeastern edge of the Tibetan plateau, in Qinghai province of the People's Republic of China (PRC). (See Appendix 1 for maps of the study region.) It is based on fifteen months of fieldwork conducted in 2012 and 2013, and upon interviews with 100 women and men, participant observation, and a reading of local proverbs, song, and popular literature. As this is a thesis by publications, three stand-alone articles dealing with selected aspects of domestic violence (DV) in the study region, plus two articles dealing with social phenomena closely related to DV, are included.

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Yeung, Betty. "A Qualitative Exploration of Second-Generation Asian Canadian Bicultural Women’s Stories about Counselling and Gender-Based Violence." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38598.

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Within Asian cultures, stigma is commonly associated with seeking professional help for mental health issues, resulting in underutilization of professional services. While recent research has identified unique barriers in seeking help among first-generation immigrant women, perceptions of counselling remain understudied in the context of second-generation Asian Canadian women who identify as bicultural—particularly those facing gender-based violence. This article-based thesis sought to gain a better understanding of second-generation Asian Canadian women’s perspectives on counselling within the context of gender-based violence and bicultural identity. Because visible minority women are often a marginalized segment of the Canadian population, this study drew from the narrative approach, in which stories were collected and analyzed. Semistructured interviews were conducted with five participants. Results are presented in a manuscript and consist of five themes: (a) intersectionality, (b) perceptions of mental health and counselling, (c) barriers to counselling, (d) counselling experiences, and (e) hopes for counselling. Observations on “the bicultural struggle” and gender-based violence are also discussed in the thesis. The findings elaborate understandings of multiple social identities in second-generation Asian women’s perceptions of counselling and experiences with gender-based violence, and help inform multicultural counselling practices with Asian populations.

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Naidoo, Navindhra. "Gender-based violence: strengthening the role and scope of prehospital emergency care by promoting theory, policy and clinical praxis." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27395.

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Gender-based Violence has a considerable prevalence globally, but it is South Africa that has recorded the highest femicide rate in the world. Prehospital Emergency Care providers appear to be well positioned (as first responders) to respond to abuse early. The aim was to understand and strengthen current/potential practice of domestic violence intervention by prehospital emergency medical systems in the context of global health-sector responses. The paradigm was critical theory and the methodology was exploratory sequential mixed methods. Interviews with managers/policy-makers, focus group discussions of clinician-educators and non-participant observation of simulated practice resulted in hypothesis generation. The quantitative phase involved a survey and cohort study with a screening intervention in a public emergency service. The qualitative phase found challenges and threats to responses require organisational/ideological change as paradoxical practice exists relative to the domestic violence behavioural pathology. Further, role-definition, identity and violence re-contextualisation is needed amidst ambivalent and contradictory positions. Emergent theoretical propositions include: typologies of victims, perpetrators and stakeholder responses; an eco-systemic relationship of state/societal expectations; and a 'conceptual compass' for preventing systemic research bias. The cohort study found bio-psycho-social responses and prehospital screening for domestic violence effective and that the evaluation of prehospital met/unmet need was prudent. The historical domestic violence detection rate was found to be 5,1/1000. A nine-fold increase in detection following the screening training and implementation translated to 47,9/1000 emergency care patients, with no adverse events. These rates are unprecedented for South African emergency care and support screening-policy implementation. The difference in domestic violence detection, quantifies the extent of the practice gap, with an alarming missed case detection of 42,8 per 1000 patients (females, 14 years plus). Conceptualisation of the emergency care burden of domestic violence and an awakening to the unacceptability of current practice is warranted. There is a risk of regulatory and organisational 'capture' mediated by masculine hegemony and resuscitation bias. Professionalization should enable a community of practice approach to violence prevention. Recommendations include the national implementation of screening policy; mitigation of regulatory capture risk and professionalising responses through curriculum-reform. The proposed Risk-Need-Responsivity practice-model promotes clinical coherence in Emergency Care. This elevation of the emergency care discourse is likely to benefit the victim and emergency medicine community. Research is warranted in the evolving epidemiology of domestic violence, the acute/clinical needs of victims/perpetrators and the role of emergency medical systems and surveillance, in promoting health and preventing the associated morbidity/mortality, both as a forensic emergency care burden and as a social determinant of health.

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Gemzell, Tove Emili Kristina. "The Cost of Gender-Based Violence in Sweden : and an economic approach to the phenomenon." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5109.

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Gender-based violence has been widely recognized as a public health issue and as a major obstacle for development worldwide. This thesis addresses the effects it has on the Swedish community and some of the underlying problems surrounding the prevalence of it. The aim of this thesis consists of three parts, namely; (1) Discuss and make brief measures of the annual aggregated costs of male violence against women in Sweden; (2) Discuss and explore the obstacles and methods used to asses this particular problem; and (3) Explore the nature of gender-based violence and discuss rational approaches of prevention.

To attain the purpose, this thesis is constructed with a quantitative, as well as a qualitative method. The quantitative material is used for reaching the first part of the aim, i.e. the aggregate costs of the violence; and to answer this, a prevalence survey has been used. In the results and in the presentation of these estimations the second part of the aim is being discussed. To attain the third part of the aim, an analysis of the rational, or irrational, behaviour of both the perpetrators and the victims has been made through an economic approach mainly based within the discourse of rational behaviour.

The annual direct costs were estimated to be 673.9 million SEK. Of these costs the health care sector answered for 122.1 million, the social sector for 86.8 million, the criminal justice system for 411.2. The rest on 53.8 million SEK were other costs or prevention costs. These costs are almost twice as high as the costs estimated in a similar study from Finland, even so, the results are still considered to be underestimates. The other types of costs, labelled as; indirect costs, intangible costs and multiplier effects are considered to greatly exceed the direct costs.

A major problem is to access adequate statistics on the matter. The statistics used in this thesis are mainly based on a victimisation survey that gives subjective information of the prevalence of gender-based violence. It would have been preferable to find recorded statistics from the institutions, which carry a large part of the actual costs from gender-based violence, i.e. the police and court authorities.

Three variables of importance could be noted. The perpetrators gain, invested police resources and prison time. A change in the internal norm would have a direct effect on the variable gain. Invested police resources and prison time also affects the utility but not as direct as the change of the internal norm. However, a change in invested police resources and prison time can in the long run affect the internal norm which means that these variables affect a perpetrators utility function in two ways.

To truly change the behaviour of both the women and the men seems to be to change the external and especially the internal norm of them both. To change a norm in a society is a complex matter which has to take place in many levels of the society. Especially in the case of the internal norm it has to start at an early age. This could practically refer to measures such as gender profiled day care institutions, and heavy regulations against sexist commercials etc.

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Swart, Elizabeth. "Strategies for coping with gender-based violence a study of young women in Kibera, Kenya." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5060.

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Research on gender-based violence in the developing world is finally beginning to get serious attention. But that research is, unfortunately, still overlooking violence to women in the burgeoning slums and informal settlements around the globe. The current study is one of the first to address the issue of gender-based violence in slum communities by presenting both qualitative and quantitative data from Kibera, Kenya--the largest slum in sub-Saharan Africa. Qualitative data were derived from the diaries of twenty women between the ages of 18-30 living in Kibera. Diary data were collected from 2007-2010. Quantitative data were derived from a survey administered to 200 Kiberan women in December, 2009. Results of the study's qualitative component show that women in Kibera use three main coping strategies to deal with gender-based violence. Although none of the strategies guarantees a cessation of violence, the endurance and faith strategy appears to be the most frequently chosen strategy and the one most effective in keeping women safe. The study also reveals a parallel between coping strategy and narrative style among the diarists, raising provocative questions about the relationship between journal writing and women's agency. Survey results show a higher rate of gender-based violence among women in Kibera (84.5%) than was measured among the general population (39%) in the KDHS (2008). The study also reveals that, although both diarists and survey participants appear to endure gender-based violence more often than they rebel against it, their attitudes toward gender-based violence are anything but accepting. Instead, both diarists and survey participants report that they do not believe gender-based violence is justified and that they are angry and upset over the amount of violence they experience.
ID: 029809162; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 196-208).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Sociology
Sciences

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Melia, Jan. "Masculinity, post-conflict police reform & gender-based violence in Northern Ireland & Bosnia Herzegovina." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=239033.

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This dissertation aims to examine masculinities and transitional police reform, considering policy and processes, and investigating the policing of gender-based violence in post-war societies. Drawing upon current feminist theory in the field of transitional justice, it focuses on masculinities in formal post-conflict police reform processes, an area that has been much under-researched in the academic literature. More specifically, the dissertation examines international processes focused on police reform advocacy relating to gender-sensitive reform, and local level police reform relating to gender-based violence (GBV). To examine local level reforms, two post-conflict case sites, Bosnia Herzegovina (BiH), and Northern Ireland (NI) were selected for investigation. My research understands gender as a discursive construct and investigates the gendered conceptions built into police reform policy, process, and practice. How these conceptions come to be part of police reform texts and how they manifest in post-conflict policing responses to gender-based violence (GBV) is the focus of the dissertation. Overall, my research identifies masculinity as an unstated norm in police reform, and case study findings indicate that hegemonic masculinities shape police reform policy and practice relating to GBV in particular ways, reiterating conventional gender norms, and limiting the potential for transformative change. Findings suggest that current reforms in post-conflict transitions contribute to, and constitute a process of remasculinisation.

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Bannister, Tarryn. "The right to have access to health care services for survivors of gender-based violence." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71802.

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Thesis (LLM)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
Includes bibliography
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In South Africa gender-based violence (hereafter “GBV”) has reached extreme levels. This violent manifestation of gender inequality is compounded by the fact that women are disproportionately affected by poverty, the HIV/AIDS epidemic and inadequate health care services. This is in spite of South Africa’s progressive constitutional and legislative framework which appears highly conducive to combating gender inequality and GBV. For example, the Constitution protects the right to equality (section 9), human dignity (section 10), life (section 11), freedom and security of the person (section 12) and the right to have access to health care services, including reproductive health (section 27(1)(a)). Extensive legislation has also been enacted for the protection of women. For example, the preamble to the Domestic Violence Act 116 of 1998 (hereafter “DVA”) recognises domestic violence as a serious social evil. While the DVA is notably silent as to the role of the health care sector, the DVA is progressive in that it contains a broad definition of domestic violence, and recognises a wide range of relationships. The Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act 32 of 2007 also seeks to afford complainants of sexual offences “the maximum and least traumatising protection that the law can provide”. In addition to this, South Africa has international law obligations to address GBV and gender inequality. For example, under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), States are obliged to address private acts of violence and to remove discrimination against women in all fields, including health. However, despite this progressive framework of rights, some interpretations of these integral rights have been unduly formalistic, in addition to being disengaged from the lived reality of many women. There is also a substantial gap between policy and practice, with the implementation of existing legislation a continuing problem. It is therefore imperative that we analyse the right to have access to health care services through a gender lens so as to transcend a purely legalistic perspective and to interrogate gendered social processes and power relations. This thesis analyses how existing law and policy can be transformed so as to be more responsive to these lived realities and needs of survivors of GBV.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geslagsgebaseerde geweld (hierna ‘GGG’) in Suid-Afrika het uiterste vlakke bereik. Hierdie gewelddadige manifestasie van geslagsongelykheid word vererger deur die feit dat vroue buite verhouding erg deur armoede, die MIV/vigs-epidemie en ontoereikende gesondheidsorgdienste geraak word. Dit is ondanks Suid-Afrika se vooruitstrewende grondwetlike en wetsraamwerk wat op die oog af hoogs bevorderlik vir die bestryding van geslagsongelykheid en GGG voorkom. Die Grondwet verskans, byvoorbeeld, die reg op gelykheid (artikel 9), menswaardigheid (artikel 10), lewe (artikel 11), vryheid en sekerheid van die persoon (artikel 12) en toegang tot gesondheidsorgdienste, met inbegrip van reproduktiewe gesondheidsorg (artikel 27(1)(a)). Omvattende wetgewing oor vrouebeskerming is ook reeds uitgevaardig. Die aanhef tot die Wet op Gesinsgeweld 116 van 1998 (hierna die ‘WGG’) identifiseer, byvoorbeeld, huishoudelike geweld as ’n ernstige maatskaplike euwel. Hoewel die WGG swyg oor die rol van die gesondheidsorgsektor, is dit nietemin vooruitstrewend aangesien dit ’n uitgebreide omskrywing van huishoudelike geweld bevat en ’n wye verskeidenheid verhoudings erken. Die Wysigingswet op die Strafreg (Seksuele Misdrywe en Verwante Aangeleenthede) 32 van 2007 is ook daarop afgestem om klaagsters van seksuele oortredings “die omvattendste en mins traumatiese beskerming te gee wat die wet kan bied”. Daarbenewens verkeer Suid-Afrika onder internasionale regsverpligtinge om GGG en geslagsongelykheid aan te spreek. Ingevolge die Konvensie vir die Uitwissing van Alle Vorme van Diskriminasie teen Vroue (1979), byvoorbeeld, is state verplig om privaat geweldsdade teen te staan en diskriminasie teen vroue op alle gebiede te verwyder, insluitend gesondheid. Nietemin, benewens hierdie vooruitstrewende menseregteraamwerk is sommige interpretasies van hierdie onafskeidbare regte nie net oormatig formalisties nie, maar ook verwyderd van die daaglikse realiteit van baie vroue. Daar is ook ŉ wesenlike gaping tussen beleidsmaatreëls en die praktyk, terwyl die uitvoering van bestaande wetgewing ŉ voortgesette probleem verteenwoordig. Dit is dus gebiedend om die reg op toegang tot gesondheidsorgdienste deur ŉ geslagslens te analiseer om sodoende ŉ bloot regsgedrewe perspektief te bo te gaan en om maatskaplike prosesse en magsverhoudinge in oënskou te neem. Hierdie tesis analiseer hoe bestaande wetsraamwerke en beleidsmaatreëls getransformeer kan word om beter te reageer op die realiteite en behoeftes van oorlewendes van GGG.
Stellenbosch University Hope Project
Bradlow Foundation

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Newton, Kerwin Mel. "Sexual and gender-based violence in international refugee law- examining whether women are effectively protected." University of Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7936.

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Magister Legum - LLM
Refugee women experience the full spectrum of Sexual and Gender-based Violence (SGBV) throughout the refugee experience. SGBV is a global crisis that refugee women are subjected to daily. Refugee women face SGBV in their countries of origin, during the journey, in transit, and upon arrival within their country of asylum. The SGBV that refugee women experience is often not considered a priority and the physical consequences of SGBV such as sexually transmitted diseases, infertility, unwanted pregnancy, injury and vulnerability to disease is often overlooked or ignored. Although there are international laws and domestic laws which are drafted to prevent and protect refugee women against SGBV, refugee women are in reality not effectively protected and refugee women have remained extremely vulnerable to SGBV.

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Verina, Laura, and Nicklas Wallin. "Indian nurses' experiences of caring for women exposed to gender-based violence : A qualitative study." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-6035.

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Background: Men’s violence against women is a serious and extensive problem in the Indian society that affects the lives of these women entirely. The level of violence against women occur independent from all classes and ages. The estimated number of unknown cases is high and the uncertainty regarding number of victims is large. On a global perspective, the situation is even more confusing since the definitions of what makes a violent act varies substantially between countries and can range from anything between psychological, physical to sexual violence. Aim: To describe Indian nurse’s experience of caring for women exposed to gender-based violence. Methods: A qualitative study with semi-structured interviews was conducted. The interviews were made in four different hospitals in Mumbai, India. Five separated interviews were conducted with duration between 30-45 minutes with working nurses who all have experience in caring for women exposed to violence. Data was analyzed using content analysis described by Graneheim and Lundman (2004). Results: The data analysis revealed four main categories: Nurse patient relationship, Nurses ability to detect gender based violence, a part of the nursing process, Challenges in the nursing profession and Management of emotional impact. The nurses talked about the importance of building a trustful relationship and to observe the patient in order to identify violence. Challenges as language barriers, getting the women to open up about their situation and getting emotionally affected while caring for the women were described. Family support and teambuilding were of importance in order to handle these challenges. Discussions: It can be very difficult for women who have been exposed to violence to seek help. It is therefore important for the nurse to create a trustful relationship in order to get the woman to open up about her situation. However, studies show that nurses often get emotionally stressed from work and that many newly graduated nurses are thinking about leaving the profession. For this reason it is important that nurses get support in coping with the emotional impact and stress that comes from work.
Bakgrund: Mäns våld mot kvinnor är ett allvarligt och omfattande problem som har en stor påverkan på kvinnors liv i det indiska samhället. Nivån av våldet mot kvinnor sker oberoende från samhällsklass och ålder. Den beräknade siffran för mörkertal är hög och osäkerheten kring antalet offer är stor. Globalt sett finns stora oklarheter kring problemet då definitionen på vad som utgör en våldsam handling varierar avsevärt mellan länder och kan omfatta alltifrån psykologiskt och fysiskt till sexuellt våld. Syfte: Att beskriva indiska sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda kvinnor utsatta för könsrelaterat våld. Metod: En kvalitativ studie med semi-strukturerade intervjuer utfördes. Intervjuerna gjordes på fyra olika sjukhus i Mumbai, Indien. Fem separata intervjuer som varade mellan 30–45 minuter utfördes med yrkesverksamma sjuksköterskor med erfarenhet av att vårda våldsutsatta kvinnor. Datamaterialet analyserades med hjälp av innehållsanalys beskrivet av Graneheim och Lundman (2004). Resultat: Dataanalysen resulterade i fyra huvudkategorier: Relationen mellan sjuksköterska och patient, Sjuksköterskans förmåga att upptäcka könsrelaterat våld – en del av omvårdnadsprocessen, Utmaningar i sjuksköterskeprofessionen och Hantering av känslomässig påverkan. Sjuksköterskorna beskrev vikten av att skapa en tillitsfull relation och att genom observation identifiera våld. Utmaningar som språkbarriärer, att få patienten att dela med sig av sin situation och emotionell påverkan beskrevs. För att hantera dessa utmaningar ansågs stöd från familjen och teamarbete vara viktiga aspekter. Diskussion: Det kan vara väldigt svårt för kvinnor som har blivit utsatta för våld att söka hjälp. Det är därför av stor vikt för en sjuksköterska att skapa en tillitsfull relation för att få kvinnan att dela med sig av sin situation. Forskning visar dock att sjuksköterskor ofta drabbas av emotionell stress och att många nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor funderar på att lämna yrket. Av denna anledning är det viktigt att sjuksköterskor får stöd i att hantera den emotionella påverkan och stress som drabbar dem i det dagliga yrket.

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Nkomo, Sindiso Nozitha. "A critical analysis of Zimbabwe’s legal response to traditional cultural practices and gender- based violence." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4395.

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Magister Legum - LLM
The aim of the study was to assess Zimbabwe‘s legal response to gender-based violence that can be to traditional cultural practices. First, most traditional cultural practices in Zimbabwe are discriminatory towards women and girls; the study has therefore shown the link between gender-based violence and traditional cultural practices. Second, it has been shown that the recognition of the right to culture by international and regional instruments is subject to non-violation of human rights. Third, the min-thesis has also established that in complying with its international obligations on the protection of women from gender-based violence linked to traditional cultural practices, Zimbabwe has enacted a plethora of legislation. More importantly, the study has also proven that despite these legal initiatives, gender-based violence linked to traditional cultural practices still continues. This mini-thesis has, among other factors, highlighted the following as shortfalls in legislations passed to address this problem: poor enforcement of these laws; Zimbabwe‘s hybrid legal system where customary law operates in conjunction with civil laws; weak wording of some pieces of legislation, such as legislation that deals with marriage rights for women married under customary law; and that most women, especially those in rural areas are not fully equipped with the knowledge of the different pieces of legislation that have been put in place to protect them from such violence.

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Macaulay, Fiona, and J. Martins. "Princípios e práticas de formação de policiais para o atendimento às mulheres em situação de violência." Brazilian Forum on Public Safety, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18274.

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Yes
This training manual on gender-based violence is intended for use by all those who train the police and other actors in the local protection networks. It outlines the principles of effective training based on the integrated competencies of knowledge, attitudes and skills, and emphasises the use of appreciative inquiry, group learning and dynamic techniques such as dramatisation and case-based learning

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Hawkins, Meredith. "Healing in a New Home: An Analysis of Psychosocial Interventions for Refugee Women Survivors of Gender-Based Violence in a Resettlement Context." Thesis, Boston College, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108832.

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Thesis advisor: Gabrielle Oliveira
While the current refugee crisis is the result of various factors, sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) remains a significant issue for refugee women. This particular thesis is an applied perspective on the socioecological approach and feminist constructivist theoretical orientation to mental health and psychosocial service provision for refugee women survivors of sexual and gender-based violence. The findings are an analytical stand based upon four interviews conducted with mental healthcare providers working among Maine’s population of recent-arrival refugees from Central/Eastern Africa, as well as a comprehensive literature review on refugee mental health and sexual and genderbased violence theory. It argues that, vis-a-vis these frameworks, care providers can best account for the intersectional identities of the immigrant woman, as well as the collective identity of the culture in which she is situated, both ethnographically via the country of origin, and physically within the resettlement society. The interviews were each individually coded and aggregated into three thematic concentrations spanning a descriptive discussion of cultural differences in perceptions of mental health, a reflection from practitioners regarding the needs for furthering the field, and an inquiry into the macro-level barriers to care. The resulting qualitative evidence from the interviews supports the aforementioned orientations to care and, therefore, illustrates a strong case for culturally-competent applied psychology as a means for both individual and communal healing
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2020
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Departmental Honors
Discipline: International Studies

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Stephenson, Jacob. "Reporting on violence against women : How Guyanese journalists cover violence against women in 2014." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-26397.

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Violence against women is considered a global issue and it denies women their most basic human right, their health. The news media have been identified as an important factor in how violence against women is interpreted and perceived by society. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate how journalists and editors in Guyana, South America, work with the coverage of violence against women. Furthermore, this thesis examines what policies and views on news value that are prominent on the newspapers and what possibilities journalists and editors experience, to make an impact on society, through their reporting. Eight qualitative in-depth interviews were carried out with editors and reporters on the three most widely spread daily newspapers in Guyana. Also a quantitative content analysis, covering January-April 2014, was performed on the same newspapers. In total 159 articles that reported on cases of violence against women were found and coded. The result indicates that the reporting in Guyana conforms to previous research. The conclusion is that when it comes to context, language and sources used, the newspapers generally fail to work with violence against women adequately. The reporting preserves and reproduces patriarchal power structures by using victim blaming or perpetrator excusing language, not covering it as a social issue and overusing official sources. Furthermore, the result indicates that there are unwritten policies on the newspapers. However, these guidelines are not always followed. The study indicates that the reporting is not given enough resources in terms of time and money, which might be a result of that reporters and editors do not experience that readers are interested enough for the topic to get sufficient resources.

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CAMPOS, PAULA DRUMOND RANGEL. "GENDER RELATIONS AND THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF IDENTITIES IN DARFUR." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16716@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
A dissertação discute a relação entre as identidades, a construção social de gênero e a perpetração da violência no contexto dos genocídios. O objetivo central é apontar como ocorre a inserção das violências contra o gênero nessas dinâmicas, tendo como foco os crimes atualmente perpetrados em Darfur (Sudão). Argumenta-se que a construção social de gênero atua constitutivamente nos padrões de atuação do perpetrador durante os genocídios, informando suas percepções e condutas. A pesquisa evidencia, portanto, como os genocidas constroem a imagem do inimigo, que se soma aos papéis e expectativas baseados em construções de gênero, para autorizar diferentes padrões de perpetração como a violência sexual e os massacres seletivos. Nesse sentido, são relevantes as contribuições da literatura de gênero e genocídio de autores como Adam Jones e Charli Carpenter. Ao apontar como o genocídio depende da construção de uma alteridade radical, o trabalho também utiliza o arcabouço teórico proporcionado pelos trabalhos de Lene Hansen e David Campbell para contemplar a mudança nas identidades e a autorização da violência de acordo com o contexto político. A partir disso, é analisado como as identidades de gênero se articulam com a identidade do outro durante os genocídios. Em suma, a pesquisa destaca a necessidade de analisar o uso da violência contra o gênero nas dinâmicas de genocídio de maneira mais abrangente do que a realizada pela(s) teoria(s) feminista(s), revelando como o gênero pode representar um fator de insegurança tanto para mulheres quanto para homens nesses cenários.
The dissertation discusses the relationship between identities, the social construction of gender and the perpetration of violence in cases of genocides. The main purpose is to comprehend how gender-based violence (GBV) occurs in these dynamics, focusing on the crimes currently perpetrated in Darfur (Sudan). It is argued that the social construction of gender interacts with the perpetrator’s perception and actions by constituting different patterns of violence in genocidal warfare. Therefore, the research shows how different patterns of GBV (such as sexual violence and sex-selective massacres) are authorized as a result of the interaction between the image of groups considered as enemies and the existing gendered roles and expectations. In that sense, the academic contributions of the literature on gender and genocide developed by authors such as Adam Jones and Charli Carpenter are crucial for this work. Since the occurrence of genocide is based on the construction of a radical alterity, the research also benefits from the theoretical work of Lene Hansen and David Campbell. These contributions allow us to contemplate the change in identities and the authorization of violence in specific political contexts. Based on the above-mentioned theoretical reflections, this dissertation will analyze how gendered identities are articulated with the identity of the other during episodes of genocide. In sum, the present work emphasizes the need to assess the occurrence of GBV by overcoming the blind spots in feminist theories in order to acknowledge how gender constructions can represent a threat to both women and men in these scenarios.

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Andrew, Jennan P. "Intimate Partner Violence in LBTQ Relationships in Jamaica." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1585232198183695.

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Santana, Dayna. "No Escape and No Consequences: Gender-based violence in the Rohingya camps of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29737.

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A plethora of sociological and human rights research has revealed that gender-based violence (GBV) thrives in contexts of displacement and crisis. Refugee and asylum seeker women and girls are most vulnerable to GBV in these contexts, which ironically emerged in response to their persecution as an intended haven. In the Rohingya camps in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, GBV is a common and widespread occurrence. To understand GBV in this context, or any unstable and protracted humanitarian context, nuanced, sensitive, and contextualised analysis is necessary. In this setting, the interaction between societal and cultural norms, feelings of persecution of national identity, the label and reality of being both stateless and displaced, and the gendered refugee camp environment, are highly complex. Drawing on document analysis of the site reports, field studies, and needs assessments conducted in the Rohingya camps, this qualitative study uses the case study of the Cox’s Bazar Rohingya camps to explore the role the refugee camp environment itself, and the embodied identity of “displaced person”, have on the manifestation of GBV. Applying an intersectional feminist lens, combined with the socio-ecological model (SEM), this thesis investigates how key contradictions present in the structural and socio-cultural context of the camps augment chances of experiencing GBV for Rohingya women and girls. This thesis argues that the experience, or direct threat, of GBV, is unavoidable and inescapable for all Rohingya women and girls residing in the camps. Ultimately, this thesis determines that the status of being a “refugee” or “asylum seeker” residing in a displacement camp heightens the daily risk of facing GBV, and that these identity markers, combined with the camp locale, are key contributors to GBV’s widespread occurrence and pervasiveness in the camps.

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PESCATORE, Rita (ORCID:0000-0001-9402-0931). "“Violenza di genere”: un tema di diritto costituzionale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/213013.

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L’elaborato di tesi si propone di indagare il fenomeno della violenza agita in ragione del genere entro la prospettiva costituzionalistica che ne interroga e ne individua le cause (e gli effetti) come strutturali, in quanto concernenti l’uguaglianza dei sessi nonché la costruzione giuridica dei ruoli di genere maschili e femminili. L’analisi prende avvio dall’esame delle modalità e delle categorie concettuali e giuridiche con cui la produzione normativa in materia di violenza, o ad essa riconducibile, si occupa del fenomeno e lo affronta come problema giuridicamente rilevante, sia nelle sedi sovranazionali che in quella nazionale. Assumendo una prospettiva diacronica, che individua nella Convenzione del Consiglio d’Europa sulla prevenzione e la lotta contro la violenza nei confronti delle donne e la violenza domestica (Convenzione di Istanbul) un momento di elaborazione politico-normativa significativo, sia per l’esplicito riconoscimento della natura strutturale della violenza maschile contro le donne che per il modello di intervento disegnato, si indagano, entro il quadro nazionale e costituzionale di riferimento, le tendenze dell’azione politica e le scelte normative di contrasto alla violenza. È a tal fine prospettata una ricostruzione in chiave critica del sistema di tutele con cui l’ordinamento interno, nella fase antecedente e in quella successiva alla ratifica della Convenzione, affronta la violenza che ingenera nelle relazioni tra i sessi; ciò alla luce dell’interazione che costantemente si osserva – nell’approccio fornito dall’analisi di genere del diritto – tra strutture giuridiche (siano esse concetti, metodi o ragionamenti) e strutture culturali e sociali di genere, nonché entro le coordinate di un quadro costituzionale capace di per sé di cogliere, nel suo impianto originario, le condizioni della diseguaglianza di genere, cui imprime una precisa direzione anti-subordinazione. L’analisi prosegue con l’esame delle modalità e delle forme attraverso cui il formante giurisprudenziale, dal suo canto, codifica la violenza maschile contro le donne, nel tentativo di individuare e disambiguare momenti di evidenza e/o resistenza delle strutture culturali di genere che fondano la violenza, proprio nel momento ordinamentale dell’interpretazione e applicazione delle tutele giuridiche. L’indagine così prospettata è condotta a partire da uno studio specificamente dedicato alle sentenze in tema di “femminicidio”, cui si è scelto di riferire la riflessione. Le riflessioni che derivano dal percorso di ricerca sui formanti normativo e giurisprudenziale mirano a restituire evidenza alla natura strutturale e non contingente delle motivazioni che alimentano la violenza maschile sulle donne, rintracciate nella subordinazione femminile intesa quale norma presupposta alla costruzione – anche giuridica – delle relazioni tra i sessi come relazioni di potere.

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Nyman, Mikaela. "‘It is just culture’ : Eight young people’s perception of the gender roles in Zambia." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-97614.

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This study explores eight young people’s perception of the gender roles in Zambia, Lusaka. In this study I have asked the informants to define the genders and the result were that the genders are defined based on the biological sexes. The genders therefore become homogenous based on the male and female sex. The regulations of the genders were traditionally also based on assumed ‘biologically natural characteristics’. As I argue in this study that gender roles are social constructed I also present the socialization processes in the Zambian culture regarding initiation ceremonies and premarital ceremonies, which visualizes the regulations of the gender roles and the importance of marriages as it implies social status and identity. The young informants’ perception of the gender roles was based on a complex intermixture between the cultural norms, the Western influences and their own life experiences. This means that Zambian society is changing in response to external as well as internal influences and that globalization both facilitates change and may create problems, as different values and norms collide. The informants recognized a need of change in the perception of the gender roles due to the issues that the gender hierarchy contributes to. This study also discusses the fact that cultural norms causes lack of knowledge about sexual issues, which have devastating consequences. The informants argued that the cultural perception of a man as superior and the woman as inferior caused gender based violence, domestic violence and the HIV-epidemic to continue. Based on the informants awareness that many of the social challenges exist because of the patriarchal norms in society I argue that this awareness indicates that a change is in progress.

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Keen, Alice. "Blind to faith: Participation of faith leaders in a gender-based violence prevention project in Liberia." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23905.

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Sexual and gender-based violence against women and girls is a major challenge across the world which requires engaged and sustained action to see change (Abramowitz and Moran, 2012). Communication for Development approaches are often used in GBV-prevention programmes because they provide a means of engaging people at a community-level, whether that is through one-way behaviour-change messages on mass media or through participatory community projects engaging people in dialogue. Through analysis of the Episcopal Relief and Development (ERD) Project on ‘Engaging Faith-Based Organizations to Prevent Violence Against Women & Girls and Increase Survivors’ Access to Services (2015-2017)’, this degree project explores the question of whether engaging with the faith-realities of communities will increase the depth of participation amongst participants. The ERD project focusses on equipping faith leaders, both Muslim and Christian, to engage in activity which shares GBV-prevention messages with their congregations and points victims and survivors to relevant support services. From the available data, it is not possible to conclusively argue that engagement with the faith context enhanced the depth of participation. However, applying three of Freire’s concepts, namely conversion to the people, dialogue and context, I argue that the ERD project aligns with Freire’s conceptualisation of participation more closely than similar projects that are ‘faith blind’.

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Geldenhuys, Martha Maria. "Addressing gender- based violence in the age of Aids: Rural youth engaging peers through social media." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12469.

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This study responds to the following research question: How might rural school youth engage peers using social media in a participatory cultures framework to contribute to addressing gender-based violence in their community? This question is supported by the following secondary questions: How do rural school youth understand gender-based violence in their community. how might rural school youth use social media within a participatory cultures framework to engage peers in addressing GBV How can rural school youth engage with their peers via social media to facilitate youth agency in a participatory cultures framework This qualitative study is positioned in a critical paradigm and employs a visual participatory research methodology to contribute to addressing gender-based violence in the age of HIV and AIDS. The participants in this study are five learners (3 boys and 2 girls) with five of their peers (3 boys and 2 girls) from a secondary school in rural Vulindlela in KwaZulu-Natal, purposively selected from Grade 9 classes. Digital storytelling was employed as the main visual method of data generation to express the participants’ understanding of, and solutions to, genderbased violence. The stories were used by the participants to engage their peers around the topic via social media and to enable them to reflect on their own agency. The study draws on Jenkins’ theory of participatory cultures as a heoretical framework. Thematic analysis was applied to make meaning of the findings. The findings show that rural school youth understand gender-based violence (GBV) as a complex problem. Youthful learners are able to competently apply social media to address GBV and engage their peers through social media – hifting the power to participate as agents of change.The findings have implications for youth, the school, and the community. The youth are seen as knowledgeable actors who should inform intervention programmes aimed at social change. Social media can offer an engaging environment for peer learning and support. For digital participation, the youth need to acquire digital skills at school which could be integrated throughout the curriculum, drawing on participatory cultures. In the community, youth as knowledge producers are competent in leading, guiding, and instructing community members using social media spaces as more people have access to inexpensive digital technology that allows them to participate in community intervention programmes aimed at social change. I conclude by arguing that youth can express lived realties on GBV and solutions to GBV through visual methods such as digital storytelling. Their engagement on social media such as Facebook can be viewed as intervention by assuming agency through a guided process of solving community problems collaboratively with peers through the process of participatory cultures. This democratic process strengthens agency for community benefit and highlights a new youth and peer culture where youth circulate new and self-made content aimed at social action through their continuous reflection – a shift in power as the voices and actions of youth are acknowledged.

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Aslam, Maleeha. "On the pretext of Islam : gender-based violence in Pakistan : a case-study of Khairpur, Sindh." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252059.

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Yegorova, Olga. "#NiUnaMenosBolivia fights back : A discourse theoretical analysis on the struggle against gender-based violence in Bolivia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-332516.

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Femicides are not a new phenomenon. Marches involving thousands of people all around the Latin American continent to fight them, however, is. Ni Una Menos - Not one woman less - is the slogan that also mobilized Bolivians to mass-based protests in November 2016.This thesis investigates the counterpublic of #NiUnaMenosBolivia for the purpose of understanding its discursively articulated identities. A multidisciplinary discourse theoretical analysis combines Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe’s discourse theory with Nancy Fraser’s contributions to the struggle over needs of counterpublics to examine textual, photographic and ethnographic data.Two levels of identities of #NiUnaMenos are extracted from the investigation: Internal agonistic identities pinpoint at the friction between the representors and the represented identities of the counterpublic. A collective identity evolves in the context of the struggle for justice, freedom and dignity through the construction of an antagonistic “Others” who are held responsible for femicidal violence.This study builds a bridge between feminist activism and academic discourse for feminist studies of the region. It further develops and exemplifies a methodological toolkit for a theoretically based discourse analysis on contemporary women’s movements.

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Tomasdotter, Villemo. "Post-Disaster Gender Based Violence : An Abductive Case Study of Hurricane Katrina and the Haiti Earthquake." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-70125.

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Previous research has shown a post-disaster increase of Gender Based Violence [GBV], suggesting a need for further investigation of the phenomena and its causes. This research draws together a wide-ranging collection of secondary data sets concerning disasters and gender based violence. It analyses the social environment in post-disaster settings that breeds an increase in GBV with focus on Sexual Gender Based Violence[SGBV] and Intra Personal Violence [IPV]. Through a comparison of two case studies: (a) post-earthquake Haiti and (b) post-hurricane Katrina. The cases are analysed through an analytical framework constructed out of three theories, Eco-feminism, Hyper-masculinity and Situational Theory, which together could give a trustworthy explanation of the phenomena. The findings show that similar factors were prevalent in both cases, and in turn provides insights for the abductively derived framework that relates the causal mechanisms behind the phenomena of post-disaster gender-based violence, building on the commonalities between social environments and structures in the cases. In particular, it was found that a patriarchal root structure and high rates of frustration both provided explanatory causal mechanisms for increased GBV. Though changes in environments can affect the prevalence of GBV as it can provide easier access of victims and lower the risk of penalties in relation to the crimes. In order to address GBV associated with future disasters, post-disaster plans need to adapt a gender mainstreamed approach with focus on safe housing and rapid rebuilding processes for the grass root level.

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McGregor, Olivia. "Treatment Adherence Among Women Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus With a History of Gender-Based Violence." ScholarWorks, 2016. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3047.

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Women infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are at high risk of myriad conditions, especially gender-based violence (GBV). GBV can be a hindrance to treatment adherence, which is pertinent to improving the health of people living with HIV. The purpose of this longitudinal research study was to assess the effects of GBV on treatment adherence among HIV infected women, with specific focus on when the violence occurred (recent or lifetime) and the stratifying type of GBV (sexual, physical, and psychological). The health belief model (HBM) served as a theoretical groundwork. Participants were selected from secondary data, collected by the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), and divided into 2 groups: HIV-infected women who have experienced GBV and HIV-infected women who had not. Survival analysis, specifically the Cox proportional hazards model, was used to determine whether sexual, physical, or psychological GBV and recent or lifetime GBV influenced treatment adherence along with race, income, education, and substance use. Physical GBV was found to lower adherence, and childhood physical violence had a more significant effect on adherence than recent violence. Previous drug use, smoking, and missed doses in the past 30 days were strong predictors of non-adherence. Future research should explore barriers to adherence based on the type of abuser as well as comorbidity of other conditions. Identifying and addressing issues and conditions that impact women infected with HIV can improve their quality of life while providing help for other challenges these women face throughout their lives. Treatment Adherence Among Women Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

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Sandrine, Ndayambaje. "Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights : - A catalysis to combat Gender-based violence in South Africa?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412211.

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The multiple components of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR), promotes women’s wellbeing and rights to a life free from discrimination and violence. Gender-based violence (GBV) is a matter closely related to SRHR and affects women globally on daily basis. South Africa is estimated to score one of the highest rates of GBV in the world. This thesis aims to gain an understanding of how civil society organisations (CSOs) working with SRHR-related issues, approach South African state institutions with regard to strengthen strategies against GBV. A qualitative content analysis is adopted to analyse the CSO’s documents that frame their advocacy work against GBV and how they approach state institutions in South Africa. The results from the analysed documents are thereby examined through theoretical approaches, mainly targeting CSOs ability to translate universal human rights into local contexts, and contributions to social justice. The analysed documents reveal that the selected CSOs mobilise their advocacy against GBV through different media platforms. Moreover, the CSO’s advocacy is presented through evidence-based research, policy briefs, articles and campaigns. Through their approaches to state institutions, the CSOs demand the state to recognise that inequality and patriarchal structures cause GBV and negatively affect women’s wellbeing. Furthermore, the selected CSOs demand fair distribution of resources that ensures women’s safety in the public sphere. In addition, the CSOs demand implementation of educational programmes with gender perspectives in all aspects of society. Finally, the CSOs demand South African state institutions to include all sectors of society in decision-making processes of strategies against GBV. Thus, state institutions can unsure proper implementation of preventative methods against GBV.

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Chingumbe, Kasupa. "Exploring Coordination in a Multi-agency Partnership approach to Prevention of Gender-based violence in Zambia." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24618.

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This study identifies factors that fosters and hinders coordination among key agencies operating in One-Stop Centers in Zambia such as the police, health and social welfare that provide coordinated medical, social and legal services to the victims of gender-based violence. This is a primary qualitative study in which data was collected using interviews from participants selected from the key agencies operating from five One-Stop Centers in Lusaka province of the Republic of Zambia. Thematic content analysis was used to generate categories of data with similar meaning based on frequently recurring themes. Findings showed that although there is positive coordination among One-Stop Center agency players, there are a host of coordination challenges among them. The study gathered that information sharing, communication, clearly defined goals and agreed outcome, increased knowledge of inter-disciplinary roles and inter-agency philosophy foster effective inter-agency coordination among key players in One Stop centers . On the other hand, hindering factors such as lack of adequate resources, high attrition of staff, loss of membership interest and commitment, andlack of motivation and heavy reliance on unmotivated volunteers were identified as major setbacks to effective operation of One-Stop Centers in Zambia. The study further found that adequate allocation of resources, joint capacity building trainings and permanent attachment of staff to One-Stop Centers as panacea to the various challenges that encumber effective operation in One-Stop centers in Zambia. Implications and future research direction are discussed.

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Noell, Erin R. "Slipping Through the Cracks: A Kenyan Case Example of Refugeeism, International Norms, and Gender-Based Violence." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1398186042.

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Ali, Habib Mohammad. "Using public relations in organising activism against gender-based violence in Bangladesh: A study of NGOs." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/373050.

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This research explores and examines the use of public relations (PR) tools and strategies in organising activism against gender-based violence (GV) in Bangladesh. It is an indepth study focusing on three non-government organisations (NGOs) that use PR tools and strategies to raise awareness amongst their target audiences about gender-based violence (GV), while also engaging them to act on this issue. These NGOs are Acid Survivors Foundation (ASF), Ain O Salish Kendra (Law and Dispute Resolution Centre – ASK) and Naripokkho (Pro-woman). Globally, GV is a serious health and human rights problem with severe negative health impacts on women and their children (Ellsberg; 2006; Heise, Ellsberg & Gottmoeller, 2002; Nakray, 2013). It is also a social problem in Bangladesh with high rates of violence across families and society (Chowdhury, 2007; Hadi, 2005; Huq, 2003; Hossain, at al., 2012; Sultana & Islam, 2009; Zaman, 1999). A survey carried out by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics in 2015, for example, showed that among the 19,987 married women interviewed, 49.6% experienced physical violence and 27.3% faced sexual violence in their lifetime. GV thus affects the lives of women significantly. Consequently, NGOs and their activists seek to address this issue in their social change programmes. Scholarly literature suggests that they organise activism with various PR and communication activities to promote awareness about GV prevention, intervention, and its impacts. However, empirical and indepth knowledge about how PR is being used as a method of activism to stop GV is very limited, particularly in a social development context. Therefore, the study was launched to investigate the use of PR in activism that addresses GV in a real world setting in Bangladesh. To investigate the use of PR in this activism, the study has advanced with three key research questions. It utilised a qualitative methodology to understand the voices of activists and their conventional and unconventional PR practices. The study followed the interpretative and social constructionist paradigms with a qualitative case study design. To provide an indepth and qualitative interpretation of the data, the language used in texts, talks, contexts and activists every actions and practices were analysed using thematic and discourse analysis techniques. The study found that PR has emerged as a tool for addressing structural problems such as inequality, marginalisation and GV in a context where resources are limited. The activists of these NGOs developed and used various PR methods in organising campaigns, communicating their organisation’s stories, raising funds, and garnering public support for their activism. Through these processes they sought to raise awareness amongst audiences about the impacts of GV, primary prevention methods, and legal measures, while also providing support to victims in their reintegration into their respective communities. PR was also used to engage GV victims, marginalised women, village level people and stakeholders including government officials, journalists, donors and local opinion leaders. The PR campaigns and activities of these NGOs appeared to change the attitudes of audience members towards GV, the status of women, and victims, while also helping to enact new laws to prevent and stop GV. By responding to three research questions, the study has sought to conceptualise and theorise about an approach to PR that recognises the voices and PR practices of activists. Their PR actions and practices are strategic, dialogic, informative, discursive and resistive to changing the myths that perpetuate GV and to developing community engagement to act on this problem. Thus, this study has revealed that PR has been developed and used as a tool within social development and humanitarian work to facilitate a complex social change process as it relates to GV. This process largely goes unrecognised in the dominant literature on PR and communication. Based on the findings, two PR models are proposed in this thesis for activists and professionals working in social development and human service sectors.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Human Serv & Soc Wrk
Griffith Health
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Harris, Nina E. "The Experience of Guatemalan Women who Seek Asylum in United States Courts: A Legacy of Paternalism and Gendered Violence." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1589824701062075.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gender-based violence'

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